From cc63226762c39c22340b830a4daea6d4b3a55e21 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Luke Shumaker Date: Sat, 4 Aug 2012 20:04:14 -0700 Subject: simple-ldap-login.1.4.0.5.1.zip --- adLDAP.php | 2413 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 2413 insertions(+) create mode 100644 adLDAP.php (limited to 'adLDAP.php') diff --git a/adLDAP.php b/adLDAP.php new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1485a0f --- /dev/null +++ b/adLDAP.php @@ -0,0 +1,2413 @@ +_account_suffix = $_account_suffix; + } + + /** + * Get the account suffix + * + * @return string + */ + public function get_account_suffix() + { + return $this->_account_suffix; + } + + /** + * Set the domain controllers array + * + * @param array $_domain_controllers + * @return void + */ + public function set_domain_controllers(array $_domain_controllers) + { + $this->_domain_controllers = $_domain_controllers; + } + + /** + * Get the list of domain controllers + * + * @return void + */ + public function get_domain_controllers() + { + return $this->_domain_controllers; + } + + /** + * Set the username of an account with higher priviledges + * + * @param string $_ad_username + * @return void + */ + public function set_ad_username($_ad_username) + { + $this->_ad_username = $_ad_username; + } + + /** + * Get the username of the account with higher priviledges + * + * This will throw an exception for security reasons + */ + public function get_ad_username() + { + throw new adLDAPException('For security reasons you cannot access the domain administrator account details'); + } + + /** + * Set the password of an account with higher priviledges + * + * @param string $_ad_password + * @return void + */ + public function set_ad_password($_ad_password) + { + $this->_ad_password = $_ad_password; + } + + /** + * Get the password of the account with higher priviledges + * + * This will throw an exception for security reasons + */ + public function get_ad_password() + { + throw new adLDAPException('For security reasons you cannot access the domain administrator account details'); + } + + /** + * Set whether to detect the true primary group + * + * @param bool $_real_primary_group + * @return void + */ + public function set_real_primarygroup($_real_primarygroup) + { + $this->_real_primarygroup = $_real_primarygroup; + } + + /** + * Get the real primary group setting + * + * @return bool + */ + public function get_real_primarygroup() + { + return $this->_real_primarygroup; + } + + /** + * Set whether to use SSL + * + * @param bool $_use_ssl + * @return void + */ + public function set_use_ssl($_use_ssl) + { + $this->_use_ssl = $_use_ssl; + } + + /** + * Get the SSL setting + * + * @return bool + */ + public function get_use_ssl() + { + return $this->_use_ssl; + } + + /** + * Set whether to use TLS + * + * @param bool $_use_tls + * @return void + */ + public function set_use_tls($_use_tls) + { + $this->_use_tls = $_use_tls; + } + + /** + * Get the TLS setting + * + * @return bool + */ + public function get_use_tls() + { + return $this->_use_tls; + } + + /** + * Set whether to lookup recursive groups + * + * @param bool $_recursive_groups + * @return void + */ + public function set_recursive_groups($_recursive_groups) + { + $this->_recursive_groups = $_recursive_groups; + } + + /** + * Get the recursive groups setting + * + * @return bool + */ + public function get_recursive_groups() + { + return $this->_recursive_groups; + } + + /** + * Default Constructor + * + * Tries to bind to the AD domain over LDAP or LDAPs + * + * @param array $options Array of options to pass to the constructor + * @throws Exception - if unable to bind to Domain Controller + * @return bool + */ + function __construct($options=array()){ + // You can specifically overide any of the default configuration options setup above + if (count($options)>0){ + if (array_key_exists("account_suffix",$options)){ $this->_account_suffix=$options["account_suffix"]; } + if (array_key_exists("base_dn",$options)){ $this->_base_dn=$options["base_dn"]; } + if (array_key_exists("domain_controllers",$options)){ $this->_domain_controllers=$options["domain_controllers"]; } + if (array_key_exists("ad_username",$options)){ $this->_ad_username=$options["ad_username"]; } + if (array_key_exists("ad_password",$options)){ $this->_ad_password=$options["ad_password"]; } + if (array_key_exists("real_primarygroup",$options)){ $this->_real_primarygroup=$options["real_primarygroup"]; } + if (array_key_exists("use_ssl",$options)){ $this->_use_ssl=$options["use_ssl"]; } + if (array_key_exists("use_tls",$options)){ $this->_use_tls=$options["use_tls"]; } + if (array_key_exists("recursive_groups",$options)){ $this->_recursive_groups=$options["recursive_groups"]; } + } + + if ($this->ldap_supported() === false) { + throw new adLDAPException('No LDAP support for PHP. See: http://www.php.net/ldap'); + } + + return $this->connect(); + } + + /** + * Default Destructor + * + * Closes the LDAP connection + * + * @return void + */ + function __destruct(){ $this->close(); } + + /** + * Connects and Binds to the Domain Controller + * + * @return bool + */ + public function connect() { + // Connect to the AD/LDAP server as the username/password + $dc=$this->random_controller(); + if ($this->_use_ssl){ + $this->_conn = ldap_connect("ldaps://".$dc, 636); + } else { + $this->_conn = ldap_connect($dc); + } + + // Set some ldap options for talking to AD + ldap_set_option($this->_conn, LDAP_OPT_PROTOCOL_VERSION, 3); + ldap_set_option($this->_conn, LDAP_OPT_REFERRALS, 0); + + if ($this->_use_tls) { + ldap_start_tls($this->_conn); + } + + // Bind as a domain admin if they've set it up + if ($this->_ad_username!=NULL && $this->_ad_password!=NULL){ + $this->_bind = @ldap_bind($this->_conn,$this->_ad_username.$this->_account_suffix,$this->_ad_password); + if (!$this->_bind){ + if ($this->_use_ssl && !$this->_use_tls){ + // If you have problems troubleshooting, remove the @ character from the ldap_bind command above to get the actual error message + throw new adLDAPException('Bind to Active Directory failed. Either the LDAPs connection failed or the login credentials are incorrect. AD said: ' . $this->get_last_error()); + } else { + throw new adLDAPException('Bind to Active Directory failed. Check the login credentials and/or server details. AD said: ' . $this->get_last_error()); + } + } + } + + if ($this->_base_dn == NULL) { + $this->_base_dn = $this->find_base_dn(); + } + + return (true); + } + + /** + * Closes the LDAP connection + * + * @return void + */ + public function close() { + ldap_close ($this->_conn); + } + + /** + * Validate a user's login credentials + * + * @param string $username A user's AD username + * @param string $password A user's AD password + * @param bool optional $prevent_rebind + * @return bool + */ + public function authenticate($username, $password, $prevent_rebind = false) { + // Prevent null binding + if ($username === NULL || $password === NULL) { return false; } + if (empty($username) || empty($password)) { return false; } + + // Bind as the user + $ret = true; + $this->_bind = @ldap_bind($this->_conn, $username . $this->_account_suffix, $password); + if (!$this->_bind){ $ret = false; } + + // Cnce we've checked their details, kick back into admin mode if we have it + if ($this->_ad_username !== NULL && !$prevent_rebind) { + $this->_bind = @ldap_bind($this->_conn, $this->_ad_username . $this->_account_suffix , $this->_ad_password); + if (!$this->_bind){ + // This should never happen in theory + throw new adLDAPException('Rebind to Active Directory failed. AD said: ' . $this->get_last_error()); + } + } + + return $ret; + } + + //***************************************************************************************************************** + // GROUP FUNCTIONS + + /** + * Add a group to a group + * + * @param string $parent The parent group name + * @param string $child The child group name + * @return bool + */ + public function group_add_group($parent,$child){ + + // Find the parent group's dn + $parent_group=$this->group_info($parent,array("cn")); + if ($parent_group[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $parent_dn=$parent_group[0]["dn"]; + + // Find the child group's dn + $child_group=$this->group_info($child,array("cn")); + if ($child_group[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $child_dn=$child_group[0]["dn"]; + + $add=array(); + $add["member"] = $child_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$parent_dn,$add); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Add a user to a group + * + * @param string $group The group to add the user to + * @param string $user The user to add to the group + * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName + * @return bool + */ + public function group_add_user($group,$user,$isGUID=false){ + // Adding a user is a bit fiddly, we need to get the full DN of the user + // and add it using the full DN of the group + + // Find the user's dn + $user_dn=$this->user_dn($user,$isGUID); + if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); } + + // Find the group's dn + $group_info=$this->group_info($group,array("cn")); + if ($group_info[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $group_dn=$group_info[0]["dn"]; + + $add=array(); + $add["member"] = $user_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$group_dn,$add); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Add a contact to a group + * + * @param string $group The group to add the contact to + * @param string $contact_dn The DN of the contact to add + * @return bool + */ + public function group_add_contact($group,$contact_dn){ + // To add a contact we take the contact's DN + // and add it using the full DN of the group + + // Find the group's dn + $group_info=$this->group_info($group,array("cn")); + if ($group_info[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $group_dn=$group_info[0]["dn"]; + + $add=array(); + $add["member"] = $contact_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$group_dn,$add); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Create a group + * + * @param array $attributes Default attributes of the group + * @return bool + */ + public function group_create($attributes){ + if (!is_array($attributes)){ return ("Attributes must be an array"); } + if (!array_key_exists("group_name",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [group_name]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("description",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [description]"); } + if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); } + $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]); + + //$member_array = array(); + //$member_array[0] = "cn=user1,cn=Users,dc=yourdomain,dc=com"; + //$member_array[1] = "cn=administrator,cn=Users,dc=yourdomain,dc=com"; + + $add=array(); + $add["cn"] = $attributes["group_name"]; + $add["samaccountname"] = $attributes["group_name"]; + $add["objectClass"] = "Group"; + $add["description"] = $attributes["description"]; + //$add["member"] = $member_array; UNTESTED + + $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]); + $result=ldap_add($this->_conn,"CN=".$add["cn"].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn,$add); + if ($result!=true){ return (false); } + + return (true); + } + + /** + * Remove a group from a group + * + * @param string $parent The parent group name + * @param string $child The child group name + * @return bool + */ + public function group_del_group($parent,$child){ + + // Find the parent dn + $parent_group=$this->group_info($parent,array("cn")); + if ($parent_group[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $parent_dn=$parent_group[0]["dn"]; + + // Find the child dn + $child_group=$this->group_info($child,array("cn")); + if ($child_group[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $child_dn=$child_group[0]["dn"]; + + $del=array(); + $del["member"] = $child_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_del($this->_conn,$parent_dn,$del); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Remove a user from a group + * + * @param string $group The group to remove a user from + * @param string $user The AD user to remove from the group + * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName + * @return bool + */ + public function group_del_user($group,$user,$isGUID=false){ + + // Find the parent dn + $group_info=$this->group_info($group,array("cn")); + if ($group_info[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $group_dn=$group_info[0]["dn"]; + + // Find the users dn + $user_dn=$this->user_dn($user,$isGUID); + if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); } + + $del=array(); + $del["member"] = $user_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_del($this->_conn,$group_dn,$del); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Remove a contact from a group + * + * @param string $group The group to remove a user from + * @param string $contact_dn The DN of a contact to remove from the group + * @return bool + */ + public function group_del_contact($group,$contact_dn){ + + // Find the parent dn + $group_info=$this->group_info($group,array("cn")); + if ($group_info[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); } + $group_dn=$group_info[0]["dn"]; + + $del=array(); + $del["member"] = $contact_dn; + + $result=@ldap_mod_del($this->_conn,$group_dn,$del); + if ($result==false){ return (false); } + return (true); + } + + /** + * Return a list of groups in a group + * + * @param string $group The group to query + * @param bool $recursive Recursively get groups + * @return array + */ + public function groups_in_group($group, $recursive = NULL){ + if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); } + if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it + + // Search the directory for the members of a group + $info=$this->group_info($group,array("member","cn")); + $groups=$info[0]["member"]; + if (!is_array($groups)) { + return (false); + } + + $group_array=array(); + + for ($i=0; $i<$groups["count"]; $i++){ + $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(distinguishedName=".$this->ldap_slashes($groups[$i])."))"; + $fields = array("samaccountname", "distinguishedname", "objectClass"); + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + + // not a person, look for a group + if ($entries['count'] == 0 && $recursive == true) { + $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(distinguishedName=".$this->ldap_slashes($groups[$i])."))"; + $fields = array("distinguishedname"); + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + if (!isset($entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0])) { + continue; + } + $sub_groups = $this->groups_in_group($entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0], $recursive); + if (is_array($sub_groups)) { + $group_array = array_merge($group_array, $sub_groups); + $group_array = array_unique($group_array); + } + continue; + } + + $group_array[] = $entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0]; + } + return ($group_array); + } + + /** + * Return a list of members in a group + * + * @param string $group The group to query + * @param bool $recursive Recursively get group members + * @return array + */ + public function group_members($group, $recursive = NULL){ + if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); } + if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it + // Search the directory for the members of a group + $info=$this->group_info($group,array("member","cn")); + $users=$info[0]["member"]; + if (!is_array($users)) { + return (false); + } + + $user_array=array(); + + for ($i=0; $i<$users["count"]; $i++){ + $filter="(&(objectCategory=person)(distinguishedName=".$this->ldap_slashes($users[$i])."))"; + $fields = array("samaccountname", "distinguishedname", "objectClass"); + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + + // not a person, look for a group + if ($entries['count'] == 0 && $recursive == true) { + $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(distinguishedName=".$this->ldap_slashes($users[$i])."))"; + $fields = array("samaccountname"); + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + if (!isset($entries[0]['samaccountname'][0])) { + continue; + } + $sub_users = $this->group_members($entries[0]['samaccountname'][0], $recursive); + if (is_array($sub_users)) { + $user_array = array_merge($user_array, $sub_users); + $user_array = array_unique($user_array); + } + continue; + } + + if ($entries[0]['samaccountname'][0] === NULL && $entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0] !== NULL) { + $user_array[] = $entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0]; + } + elseif ($entries[0]['samaccountname'][0] !== NULL) { + $user_array[] = $entries[0]['samaccountname'][0]; + } + } + return ($user_array); + } + + /** + * Group Information. Returns an array of information about a group. + * The group name is case sensitive + * + * @param string $group_name The group name to retrieve info about + * @param array $fields Fields to retrieve + * @return array + */ + public function group_info($group_name,$fields=NULL){ + if ($group_name===NULL){ return (false); } + if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); } + + if (stristr($group_name, '+')) { + $group_name=stripslashes($group_name); + } + + $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(name=".$this->ldap_slashes($group_name)."))"; + //echo ($filter."!!!
"); + if ($fields===NULL){ $fields=array("member","memberof","cn","description","distinguishedname","objectcategory","samaccountname"); } + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + //print_r($entries); + return ($entries); + } + + /** + * Return a complete list of "groups in groups" + * + * @param string $group The group to get the list from + * @return array + */ + public function recursive_groups($group){ + if ($group===NULL){ return (false); } + + $ret_groups=array(); + + $groups=$this->group_info($group,array("memberof")); + if (isset($groups[0]["memberof"]) && is_array($groups[0]["memberof"])) { + $groups=$groups[0]["memberof"]; + + if ($groups){ + $group_names=$this->nice_names($groups); + $ret_groups=array_merge($ret_groups,$group_names); //final groups to return + + foreach ($group_names as $id => $group_name){ + $child_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name); + $ret_groups=array_merge($ret_groups,$child_groups); + } + } + } + + return ($ret_groups); + } + + /** + * Returns a complete list of the groups in AD based on a SAM Account Type + * + * @param string $samaccounttype The account type to return + * @param bool $include_desc Whether to return a description + * @param string $search Search parameters + * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results + * @return array + */ + public function search_groups($samaccounttype = ADLDAP_SECURITY_GLOBAL_GROUP, $include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true) { + if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); } + + $filter = '(&(objectCategory=group)'; + if ($samaccounttype !== null) { + $filter .= '(samaccounttype='. $samaccounttype .')'; + } + $filter .= '(cn='.$search.'))'; + // Perform the search and grab all their details + $fields=array("samaccountname","description"); + $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields); + $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr); + + $groups_array = array(); + for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){ + if ($include_desc && strlen($entries[$i]["description"][0]) > 0 ){ + $groups_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["description"][0]; + } elseif ($include_desc){ + $groups_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0]; + } else { + array_push($groups_array, $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0]); + } + } + if( $sorted ){ asort($groups_array); } + return ($groups_array); + } + + /** + * Returns a complete list of all groups in AD + * + * @param bool $include_desc Whether to return a description + * @param string $search Search parameters + * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results + * @return array + */ + public function all_groups($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){ + $groups_array = $this->search_groups(null, $include_desc, $search, $sorted); + return ($groups_array); + } + + /** + * Returns a complete list of security groups in AD + * + * @param bool $include_desc Whether to return a description + * @param string $search Search parameters + * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results + * @return array + */ + public function all_security_groups($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){ + $groups_array = $this->search_groups(ADLDAP_SECURITY_GLOBAL_GROUP, $include_desc, $search, $sorted); + return ($groups_array); + } + + /** + * Returns a complete list of distribution lists in AD + * + * @param bool $include_desc Whether to return a description + * @param string $search Search parameters + * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results + * @return array + */ + public function all_distribution_groups($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){ + $groups_array = $this->search_groups(ADLDAP_DISTRIBUTION_GROUP, $include_desc, $search, $sorted); + return ($groups_array); + } + + //***************************************************************************************************************** + // USER FUNCTIONS + + /** + * Create a user + * + * If you specify a password here, this can only be performed over SSL + * + * @param array $attributes The attributes to set to the user account + * @return bool + */ + public function user_create($attributes){ + // Check for compulsory fields + if (!array_key_exists("username",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("firstname",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [firstname]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("surname",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [surname]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("email",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [email]"); } + if (!array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); } + if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); } + + if (array_key_exists("password",$attributes) && (!$this->_use_ssl && !$this->_use_tls)){ + throw new adLDAPException('SSL must be configured on your webserver and enabled in the class to set passwords.'); + } + + if (!array_key_exists("display_name",$attributes)){ $attributes["display_name"]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"]; } + + // Translate the schema + $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes); + + // Additional stuff only used for adding accounts + $add["cn"][0]=$attributes["display_name"]; + $add["samaccountname"][0]=$attributes["username"]; + $add["objectclass"][0]="top"; + $add["objectclass"][1]="person"; + $add["objectclass"][2]="organizationalPerson"; + $add["objectclass"][3]="user"; //person? + //$add["name"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"]; + + // Set the account control attribute + $control_options=array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT"); + if (!$attributes["enabled"]){ $control_options[]="ACCOUNTDISABLE"; } + $add["userAccountControl"][0]=$this->account_control($control_options); + //echo ("
"); print_r($add);
+
+        // Determine the container
+        $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
+        $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]);
+
+        // Add the entry
+        $result=@ldap_add($this->_conn, "CN=".$add["cn"][0].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn, $add);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Delete a user account
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to delete (please be careful here!)
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function user_delete($username,$isGUID=false) {      
+        $userinfo = $this->user_info($username, array("*"),$isGUID);
+        $dn = $userinfo[0]['distinguishedname'][0];
+        $result=$this->dn_delete($dn);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Groups the user is a member of
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @param bool $recursive Recursive list of groups
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function user_groups($username,$recursive=NULL,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Search the directory for their information
+        $info=@$this->user_info($username,array("memberof","primarygroupid"),$isGUID);
+        $groups=$this->nice_names($info[0]["memberof"]); // Presuming the entry returned is our guy (unique usernames)
+
+        if ($recursive === true){
+            foreach ($groups as $id => $group_name){
+                $extra_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name);
+                $groups=array_merge($groups,$extra_groups);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return ($groups);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Find information about the users
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @param array $fields Array of parameters to query
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function user_info($username,$fields=NULL,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+
+        if ($isGUID === true) {
+            $username = $this->strguid2hex($username);
+            $filter="objectguid=".$username;
+        }
+        else if (strstr($username, "@")) {
+             $filter="userPrincipalName=".$username;
+        }
+        else {
+             $filter="samaccountname=".$username;
+        }
+        $filter = "(&(objectCategory=person)({$filter}))";
+        if ($fields===NULL){ $fields=array("samaccountname","mail","memberof","department","displayname","telephonenumber","primarygroupid","objectsid"); }
+        if (!in_array("objectsid",$fields)){
+            $fields[] = "objectsid";
+        }
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        
+        if (isset($entries[0])) {
+            if ($entries[0]['count'] >= 1) {
+                if (in_array("memberof", $fields)) {
+                    // AD does not return the primary group in the ldap query, we may need to fudge it
+                    if ($this->_real_primarygroup && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]) && isset($entries[0]["objectsid"][0])){
+                        //$entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->group_cn($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]);
+                        $entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->get_primary_group($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0], $entries[0]["objectsid"][0]);
+                    } else {
+                        $entries[0]["memberof"][]="CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,".$this->_base_dn;
+                    }
+                    $entries[0]["memberof"]["count"]++;
+                }
+            }
+            return $entries;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Determine if a user is in a specific group
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @param string $group The name of the group to check against
+    * @param bool $recursive Check groups recursively
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function user_ingroup($username,$group,$recursive=NULL,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($group===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // Use the default option if they haven't set it
+        
+        // Get a list of the groups
+        $groups=$this->user_groups($username,$recursive,$isGUID);
+        
+        // Return true if the specified group is in the group list
+        if (in_array($group,$groups)){ return (true); }
+
+        return (false);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Determine a user's password expiry date
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @param book $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @requires bcmath http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.bc.php
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function user_password_expiry($username,$isGUID=false) {
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if (!function_exists('bcmod')) { return ("Missing function support [bcmod] http://www.php.net/manual/en/book.bc.php"); };
+        
+        $userinfo = $this->user_info($username, array("pwdlastset", "useraccountcontrol"), $isGUID);
+        $pwdlastset = $userinfo[0]['pwdlastset'][0];
+        $status = array();
+        
+        if ($userinfo[0]['useraccountcontrol'][0] == '66048') {
+            // Password does not expire
+            return "Does not expire";
+        }
+        if ($pwdlastset === '0') {
+            // Password has already expired
+            return "Password has expired";
+        }
+        
+         // Password expiry in AD can be calculated from TWO values:
+         //   - User's own pwdLastSet attribute: stores the last time the password was changed
+         //   - Domain's maxPwdAge attribute: how long passwords last in the domain
+         //
+         // Although Microsoft chose to use a different base and unit for time measurements.
+         // This function will convert them to Unix timestamps
+         $sr = ldap_read($this->_conn, $this->_base_dn, 'objectclass=*', array('maxPwdAge'));
+         if (!$sr) {
+             return false;
+         }
+         $info = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+         $maxpwdage = $info[0]['maxpwdage'][0];
+         
+
+         // See MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms974598.aspx
+         //
+         // pwdLastSet contains the number of 100 nanosecond intervals since January 1, 1601 (UTC), 
+         // stored in a 64 bit integer. 
+         //
+         // The number of seconds between this date and Unix epoch is 11644473600.
+         //
+         // maxPwdAge is stored as a large integer that represents the number of 100 nanosecond
+         // intervals from the time the password was set before the password expires.
+         //
+         // We also need to scale this to seconds but also this value is a _negative_ quantity!
+         //
+         // If the low 32 bits of maxPwdAge are equal to 0 passwords do not expire
+         //
+         // Unfortunately the maths involved are too big for PHP integers, so I've had to require
+         // BCMath functions to work with arbitrary precision numbers.
+         if (bcmod($maxpwdage, 4294967296) === '0') {
+            return "Domain does not expire passwords";
+        }
+        
+        // Add maxpwdage and pwdlastset and we get password expiration time in Microsoft's
+        // time units.  Because maxpwd age is negative we need to subtract it.
+        $pwdexpire = bcsub($pwdlastset, $maxpwdage);
+    
+        // Convert MS's time to Unix time
+        $status['expiryts'] = bcsub(bcdiv($pwdexpire, '10000000'), '11644473600');
+        $status['expiryformat'] = date('Y-m-d H:i:s', bcsub(bcdiv($pwdexpire, '10000000'), '11644473600'));
+        
+        return $status;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Modify a user
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @param array $attributes The attributes to modify.  Note if you set the enabled attribute you must not specify any other attributes
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function user_modify($username,$attributes,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        if (array_key_exists("password",$attributes) && !$this->_use_ssl){ 
+            throw new adLDAPException('SSL must be configured on your webserver and enabled in the class to set passwords.');
+        }
+
+        // Find the dn of the user
+        $user_dn=$this->user_dn($username,$isGUID);
+        if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
+        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+        
+        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
+        if (!$mod && !array_key_exists("enabled", $attributes)){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Set the account control attribute (only if specified)
+        if (array_key_exists("enabled",$attributes)){
+            if ($attributes["enabled"]){ $control_options=array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT"); }
+            else { $control_options=array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT","ACCOUNTDISABLE"); }
+            $mod["userAccountControl"][0]=$this->account_control($control_options);
+        }
+
+        // Do the update
+        $result=@ldap_modify($this->_conn,$user_dn,$mod);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Disable a user account
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to disable
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function user_disable($username,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        $attributes=array("enabled"=>0);
+        $result = $this->user_modify($username, $attributes, $isGUID);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Enable a user account
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to enable
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function user_enable($username,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        $attributes=array("enabled"=>1);
+        $result = $this->user_modify($username, $attributes, $isGUID);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Set the password of a user - This must be performed over SSL
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to modify
+    * @param string $password The new password
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function user_password($username,$password,$isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($password===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_use_ssl && !$this->_use_tls){ 
+            throw new adLDAPException('SSL must be configured on your webserver and enabled in the class to set passwords.');
+        }
+        
+        $user_dn=$this->user_dn($username,$isGUID);
+        if ($user_dn===false){ return (false); }
+                
+        $add=array();
+        $add["unicodePwd"][0]=$this->encode_password($password);
+        
+        $result=ldap_mod_replace($this->_conn,$user_dn,$add);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Return a list of all users in AD
+    * 
+    * @param bool $include_desc Return a description of the user
+    * @param string $search Search parameter
+    * @param bool $sorted Sort the user accounts
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function all_users($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Perform the search and grab all their details
+        $filter = "(&(objectClass=user)(samaccounttype=". ADLDAP_NORMAL_ACCOUNT .")(objectCategory=person)(cn=".$search."))";
+        $fields=array("samaccountname","displayname");
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+
+        $users_array = array();
+        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
+            if ($include_desc && strlen($entries[$i]["displayname"][0])>0){
+                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["displayname"][0];
+            } elseif ($include_desc){
+                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0];
+            } else {
+                array_push($users_array, $entries[$i]["samaccountname"][0]);
+            }
+        }
+        if ($sorted){ asort($users_array); }
+        return ($users_array);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Converts a username (samAccountName) to a GUID
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username to query
+    * @return string
+    */
+    public function username2guid($username) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($username === null){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        
+        $filter = "samaccountname=" . $username; 
+        $fields = array("objectGUID"); 
+        $sr = @ldap_search($this->_conn, $this->_base_dn, $filter, $fields); 
+        if (ldap_count_entries($this->_conn, $sr) > 0) { 
+            $entry = @ldap_first_entry($this->_conn, $sr); 
+            $guid = @ldap_get_values_len($this->_conn, $entry, 'objectGUID'); 
+            $strGUID = $this->binary2text($guid[0]);          
+            return ($strGUID); 
+        }
+        else { 
+            return (false); 
+        } 
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Move a user account to a different OU
+    *
+    * @param string $username The username to move (please be careful here!)
+    * @param array $container The container or containers to move the user to (please be careful here!).
+    * accepts containers in 1. parent 2. child order
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function user_move($username, $container) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($username === null){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }
+        if ($container === null){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); }
+        if (!is_array($container)){ return ("Container must be an array"); }
+        
+        $userinfo = $this->user_info($username, array("*"));
+        $dn = $userinfo[0]['distinguishedname'][0];
+        $newrdn = "cn=" . $username;
+        $container = array_reverse($container);
+        $newcontainer = "ou=" . implode(",ou=",$container);
+        $newbasedn = strtolower($newcontainer) . "," . $this->_base_dn;
+        $result=@ldap_rename($this->_conn,$dn,$newrdn,$newbasedn,true);
+        if ($result !== true) {
+            return (false);
+        }
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    //*****************************************************************************************************************
+    // CONTACT FUNCTIONS
+    // * Still work to do in this area, and new functions to write
+    
+    /**
+    * Create a contact
+    * 
+    * @param array $attributes The attributes to set to the contact
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function contact_create($attributes){
+        // Check for compulsory fields
+        if (!array_key_exists("display_name",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [display_name]"); }
+        if (!array_key_exists("email",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [email]"); }
+        if (!array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); }
+        if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); }
+
+        // Translate the schema
+        $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+        
+        // Additional stuff only used for adding contacts
+        $add["cn"][0]=$attributes["display_name"];
+        $add["objectclass"][0]="top";
+        $add["objectclass"][1]="person";
+        $add["objectclass"][2]="organizationalPerson";
+        $add["objectclass"][3]="contact"; 
+        if (!isset($attributes['exchange_hidefromlists'])) {
+            $add["msExchHideFromAddressLists"][0]="TRUE";
+        }
+
+        // Determine the container
+        $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
+        $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]);
+
+        // Add the entry
+        $result=@ldap_add($this->_conn, "CN=".$add["cn"][0].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn, $add);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }  
+    
+    /**
+    * Determine the list of groups a contact is a member of
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
+    * @param bool $recursive Recursively check groups
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function contact_groups($distinguishedname,$recursive=NULL){
+        if ($distinguishedname===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Search the directory for their information
+        $info=@$this->contact_info($distinguishedname,array("memberof","primarygroupid"));
+        $groups=$this->nice_names($info[0]["memberof"]); //presuming the entry returned is our contact
+
+        if ($recursive === true){
+            foreach ($groups as $id => $group_name){
+                $extra_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name);
+                $groups=array_merge($groups,$extra_groups);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return ($groups);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Get contact information
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
+    * @param array $fields Attributes to be returned
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function contact_info($distinguishedname,$fields=NULL){
+        if ($distinguishedname===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+
+        $filter="distinguishedName=".$distinguishedname;
+        if ($fields===NULL){ $fields=array("distinguishedname","mail","memberof","department","displayname","telephonenumber","primarygroupid","objectsid"); }
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        
+        if ($entries[0]['count'] >= 1) {
+            // AD does not return the primary group in the ldap query, we may need to fudge it
+            if ($this->_real_primarygroup && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]) && isset($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0])){
+                //$entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->group_cn($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0]);
+                $entries[0]["memberof"][]=$this->get_primary_group($entries[0]["primarygroupid"][0], $entries[0]["objectsid"][0]);
+            } else {
+                $entries[0]["memberof"][]="CN=Domain Users,CN=Users,".$this->_base_dn;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        $entries[0]["memberof"]["count"]++;
+        return ($entries);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Determine if a contact is a member of a group
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguisedname The full DN of a contact
+    * @param string $group The group name to query
+    * @param bool $recursive Recursively check groups
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function contact_ingroup($distinguisedname,$group,$recursive=NULL){
+        if ($distinguisedname===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($group===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
+        
+        // Get a list of the groups
+        $groups=$this->contact_groups($distinguisedname,array("memberof"),$recursive);
+        
+        // Return true if the specified group is in the group list
+        if (in_array($group,$groups)){ return (true); }
+
+        return (false);
+    }          
+    
+    /**
+    * Modify a contact
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact to query
+    * @param array $attributes The attributes to modify.  Note if you set the enabled attribute you must not specify any other attributes
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function contact_modify($distinguishedname,$attributes){
+        if ($distinguishedname===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [distinguishedname]"); }
+        
+        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
+        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+        
+        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
+        if (!$mod){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Do the update
+        $result=ldap_modify($this->_conn,$distinguishedname,$mod);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Delete a contact
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact dn to delete (please be careful here!)
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function contact_delete($distinguishedname) {
+        $result = $this->dn_delete($distinguishedname);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }       
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Return a list of all contacts
+    * 
+    * @param bool $include_desc Include a description of a contact
+    * @param string $search The search parameters
+    * @param bool $sorted Whether to sort the results
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function all_contacts($include_desc = false, $search = "*", $sorted = true){
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Perform the search and grab all their details
+        $filter = "(&(objectClass=contact)(cn=".$search."))";
+        $fields=array("displayname","distinguishedname");           
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+
+        $users_array = array();
+        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
+            if ($include_desc && strlen($entries[$i]["displayname"][0])>0){
+                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["displayname"][0];
+            } elseif ($include_desc){
+                $users_array[ $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0] ] = $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0];
+            } else {
+                array_push($users_array, $entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0]);
+            }
+        }
+        if ($sorted){ asort($users_array); }
+        return ($users_array);
+    }
+    
+    //*****************************************************************************************************************
+    // FOLDER FUNCTIONS
+    
+    /**
+    * Returns a folder listing for a specific OU
+    * See http://adldap.sourceforge.net/wiki/doku.php?id=api_folder_functions
+    * 
+    * @param array $folder_name An array to the OU you wish to list. 
+    *                           If set to NULL will list the root, strongly recommended to set 
+    *                           $recursive to false in that instance!
+    * @param string $dn_type The type of record to list.  This can be ADLDAP_FOLDER or ADLDAP_CONTAINER.
+    * @param bool $recursive Recursively search sub folders
+    * @param bool $type Specify a type of object to search for
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function folder_list($folder_name = NULL, $dn_type = ADLDAP_FOLDER, $recursive = NULL, $type = NULL) {
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+
+        $filter = '(&';
+        if ($type !== NULL) {
+            switch ($type) {
+                case 'contact':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=contact)';
+                    break;
+                case 'computer':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=computer)';
+                    break;
+                case 'group':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=group)';
+                    break;
+                case 'folder':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=organizationalUnit)';
+                    break;
+                case 'container':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=container)';
+                    break;
+                case 'domain':
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=builtinDomain)';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $filter .= '(objectClass=user)';
+                    break;   
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            $filter .= '(objectClass=*)';   
+        }
+        // If the folder name is null then we will search the root level of AD
+        // This requires us to not have an OU= part, just the base_dn
+        $searchou = $this->_base_dn;
+        if (is_array($folder_name)) {
+            $ou = $dn_type . "=".implode("," . $dn_type . "=",$folder_name);
+            $filter .= '(!(distinguishedname=' . $ou . ',' . $this->_base_dn . ')))';
+            $searchou = $ou . ',' . $this->_base_dn;
+        }
+        else {
+            $filter .= '(!(distinguishedname=' . $this->_base_dn . ')))';
+        }
+
+        if ($recursive === true) {
+            $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn, $searchou, $filter, array('objectclass', 'distinguishedname', 'samaccountname'));
+            $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+            if (is_array($entries)) {
+                return $entries;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            $sr=ldap_list($this->_conn, $searchou, $filter, array('objectclass', 'distinguishedname', 'samaccountname'));
+            $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+            if (is_array($entries)) {
+                return $entries;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    //*****************************************************************************************************************
+    // COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
+    
+    /**
+    * Get information about a specific computer
+    * 
+    * @param string $computer_name The name of the computer
+    * @param array $fields Attributes to return
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function computer_info($computer_name,$fields=NULL){
+        if ($computer_name===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+
+        $filter="(&(objectClass=computer)(cn=".$computer_name."))";
+        if ($fields===NULL){ $fields=array("memberof","cn","displayname","dnshostname","distinguishedname","objectcategory","operatingsystem","operatingsystemservicepack","operatingsystemversion"); }
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        
+        return ($entries);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Check if a computer is in a group
+    * 
+    * @param string $computer_name The name of the computer
+    * @param string $group The group to check
+    * @param bool $recursive Whether to check recursively
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function computer_ingroup($computer_name,$group,$recursive=NULL){
+        if ($computer_name===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($group===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } // use the default option if they haven't set it
+
+        //get a list of the groups
+        $groups=$this->computer_groups($computer_name,array("memberof"),$recursive);
+
+        //return true if the specified group is in the group list
+        if (in_array($group,$groups)){ return (true); }
+
+        return (false);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Get the groups a computer is in
+    * 
+    * @param string $computer_name The name of the computer
+    * @param bool $recursive Whether to check recursively
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function computer_groups($computer_name,$recursive=NULL){
+        if ($computer_name===NULL){ return (false); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; } //use the default option if they haven't set it
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+
+        //search the directory for their information
+        $info=@$this->computer_info($computer_name,array("memberof","primarygroupid"));
+        $groups=$this->nice_names($info[0]["memberof"]); //presuming the entry returned is our guy (unique usernames)
+
+        if ($recursive === true){
+            foreach ($groups as $id => $group_name){
+              $extra_groups=$this->recursive_groups($group_name);
+              $groups=array_merge($groups,$extra_groups);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ($groups);
+    }
+    
+    //************************************************************************************************************
+    //  ORGANIZATIONAL UNIT FUNCTIONS
+    
+     /**
+    * Create an organizational unit
+    * 
+    * @param array $attributes Default attributes of the ou
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function ou_create($attributes){
+        if (!is_array($attributes)){ return ("Attributes must be an array"); }
+        if (!array_key_exists("ou_name",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [ou_name]"); }
+        if (!array_key_exists("container",$attributes)){ return ("Missing compulsory field [container]"); }
+        if (!is_array($attributes["container"])){ return ("Container attribute must be an array."); }
+        $attributes["container"]=array_reverse($attributes["container"]);
+
+        $add=array();
+        $add["objectClass"] = "organizationalUnit";
+
+        $container="OU=".implode(",OU=",$attributes["container"]);
+        $result=ldap_add($this->_conn,"CN=".$add["cn"].", ".$container.",".$this->_base_dn,$add);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    //************************************************************************************************************
+    // EXCHANGE FUNCTIONS
+    
+    /**
+    * Create an Exchange account
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
+    * @param array $storagegroup The mailbox, Exchange Storage Group, for the user account, this must be a full CN
+    *                            If the storage group has a different base_dn to the adLDAP configuration, set it using $base_dn
+    * @param string $emailaddress The primary email address to add to this user
+    * @param string $mailnickname The mail nick name.  If mail nickname is blank, the username will be used
+    * @param bool $usedefaults Indicates whether the store should use the default quota, rather than the per-mailbox quota.
+    * @param string $base_dn Specify an alternative base_dn for the Exchange storage group
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_create_mailbox($username, $storagegroup, $emailaddress, $mailnickname=NULL, $usedefaults=TRUE, $base_dn=NULL, $isGUID=false){
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
+        if ($storagegroup===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory array [storagegroup]"); }
+        if (!is_array($storagegroup)){ return ("[storagegroup] must be an array"); }
+        if ($emailaddress===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [emailaddress]"); }
+        
+        if ($base_dn===NULL) {
+            $base_dn = $this->_base_dn;   
+        }
+        
+        $container="CN=".implode(",CN=",$storagegroup);
+        
+        if ($mailnickname===NULL) { $mailnickname=$username; }
+        $mdbUseDefaults = $this->bool2str($usedefaults);
+        
+        $attributes = array(
+            'exchange_homemdb'=>$container.",".$base_dn,
+            'exchange_proxyaddress'=>'SMTP:' . $emailaddress,
+            'exchange_mailnickname'=>$mailnickname,
+            'exchange_usedefaults'=>$mdbUseDefaults
+        );
+        $result = $this->user_modify($username,$attributes,$isGUID);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Add an X400 address to Exchange
+    * See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1685 for more information.
+    * An X400 Address looks similar to this X400:c=US;a= ;p=Domain;o=Organization;s=Doe;g=John;
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the X400 to to
+    * @param string $country Country
+    * @param string $admd Administration Management Domain
+    * @param string $pdmd Private Management Domain (often your AD domain)
+    * @param string $org Organization
+    * @param string $surname Surname
+    * @param string $givenName Given name
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_add_X400($username, $country, $admd, $pdmd, $org, $surname, $givenname, $isGUID=false) {
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
+        
+        $proxyvalue = 'X400:';
+            
+        // Find the dn of the user
+        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"), $isGUID);
+        if ($user[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
+        
+        // We do not have to demote an email address from the default so we can just add the new proxy address
+        $attributes['exchange_proxyaddress'] = $proxyvalue . 'c=' . $country . ';a=' . $admd . ';p=' . $pdmd . ';o=' . $org . ';s=' . $surname . ';g=' . $givenname . ';';
+       
+        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
+        $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+        
+        if (!$add){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Do the update
+        // Take out the @ to see any errors, usually this error might occur because the address already
+        // exists in the list of proxyAddresses
+        $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$user_dn,$add);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Add an address to Exchange
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
+    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to add to this user
+    * @param bool $default Make this email address the default address, this is a bit more intensive as we have to demote any existing default addresses
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_add_address($username, $emailaddress, $default=FALSE, $isGUID=false) {
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
+        if ($emailaddress===NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
+        
+        $proxyvalue = 'smtp:';
+        if ($default === true) {
+            $proxyvalue = 'SMTP:';
+        }
+              
+        // Find the dn of the user
+        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"),$isGUID);
+        if ($user[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
+        
+        // We need to scan existing proxy addresses and demote the default one
+        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"]) && $default===true) {
+            $modaddresses = array();
+            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$modaddresses);
+            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+            
+            return (true);
+        }
+        else {
+            // We do not have to demote an email address from the default so we can just add the new proxy address
+            $attributes['exchange_proxyaddress'] = $proxyvalue . $emailaddress;
+            
+            // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
+            $add=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+            
+            if (!$add){ return (false); }
+            
+            // Do the update
+            // Take out the @ to see any errors, usually this error might occur because the address already
+            // exists in the list of proxyAddresses
+            $result=@ldap_mod_add($this->_conn,$user_dn,$add);
+            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+            
+            return (true);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Remove an address to Exchange
+    * If you remove a default address the account will no longer have a default, 
+    * we recommend changing the default address first
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
+    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to add to this user
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_del_address($username, $emailaddress, $isGUID=false) {
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
+        if ($emailaddress===NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
+        
+        // Find the dn of the user
+        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"),$isGUID);
+        if ($user[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
+        
+        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"])) {
+            $mod = array();
+            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$mod);
+            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+            
+            return (true);
+        }
+        else {
+            return (false);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+    * Change the default address
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username of the user to add the Exchange account to
+    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to make default
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_primary_address($username, $emailaddress, $isGUID=false) {
+        if ($username===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [username]"); }     
+        if ($emailaddress===NULL) { return ("Missing compulsory fields [emailaddress]"); }
+        
+        // Find the dn of the user
+        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn","proxyaddresses"), $isGUID);
+        if ($user[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
+        
+        if (is_array($user[0]["proxyaddresses"])) {
+            $modaddresses = array();
+            for ($i=0;$i_conn,$user_dn,$modaddresses);
+            if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+            
+            return (true);
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Mail enable a contact
+    * Allows email to be sent to them through Exchange
+    * 
+    * @param string $distinguishedname The contact to mail enable
+    * @param string $emailaddress The email address to allow emails to be sent through
+    * @param string $mailnickname The mailnickname for the contact in Exchange.  If NULL this will be set to the display name
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    public function exchange_contact_mailenable($distinguishedname, $emailaddress, $mailnickname=NULL){
+        if ($distinguishedname===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [distinguishedname]"); }   
+        if ($emailaddress===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [emailaddress]"); }  
+        
+        if ($mailnickname !== NULL) {
+            // Find the dn of the user
+            $user=$this->contact_info($distinguishedname,array("cn","displayname"));
+            if ($user[0]["displayname"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+            $mailnickname = $user[0]['displayname'][0];
+        }
+        
+        $attributes = array("email"=>$emailaddress,"contact_email"=>"SMTP:" . $emailaddress,"exchange_proxyaddress"=>"SMTP:" . $emailaddress,"exchange_mailnickname"=>$mailnickname);
+         
+        // Translate the update to the LDAP schema                
+        $mod=$this->adldap_schema($attributes);
+        
+        // Check to see if this is an enabled status update
+        if (!$mod){ return (false); }
+        
+        // Do the update
+        $result=ldap_modify($this->_conn,$distinguishedname,$mod);
+        if ($result==false){ return (false); }
+        
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Returns a list of Exchange Servers in the ConfigurationNamingContext of the domain
+    * 
+    * @param array $attributes An array of the AD attributes you wish to return
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function exchange_servers($attributes = array('cn','distinguishedname','serialnumber')) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        $configurationNamingContext = $this->get_root_dse(array('configurationnamingcontext'));
+        $sr = @ldap_search($this->_conn,$configurationNamingContext[0]['configurationnamingcontext'][0],'(&(objectCategory=msExchExchangeServer))',$attributes);
+        $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        return $entries;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Returns a list of Storage Groups in Exchange for a given mail server
+    * 
+    * @param string $exchangeServer The full DN of an Exchange server.  You can use exchange_servers() to find the DN for your server
+    * @param array $attributes An array of the AD attributes you wish to return
+    * @param bool $recursive If enabled this will automatically query the databases within a storage group
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function exchange_storage_groups($exchangeServer, $attributes = array('cn','distinguishedname'), $recursive = NULL) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($exchangeServer===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [exchangeServer]"); }
+        if ($recursive===NULL){ $recursive=$this->_recursive_groups; }
+
+        $filter = '(&(objectCategory=msExchStorageGroup))';
+        $sr=@ldap_search($this->_conn, $exchangeServer, $filter, $attributes);
+        $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+
+        if ($recursive === true) {
+            for ($i=0; $i<$entries['count']; $i++) {
+                $entries[$i]['msexchprivatemdb'] = $this->exchange_storage_databases($entries[$i]['distinguishedname'][0]);       
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return $entries;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Returns a list of Databases within any given storage group in Exchange for a given mail server
+    * 
+    * @param string $storageGroup The full DN of an Storage Group.  You can use exchange_storage_groups() to find the DN 
+    * @param array $attributes An array of the AD attributes you wish to return
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function exchange_storage_databases($storageGroup, $attributes = array('cn','distinguishedname','displayname')) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        if ($storageGroup===NULL){ return ("Missing compulsory field [storageGroup]"); }
+        
+        $filter = '(&(objectCategory=msExchPrivateMDB))';
+        $sr=@ldap_search($this->_conn, $storageGroup, $filter, $attributes);
+        $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        return $entries;
+    }
+    
+    //************************************************************************************************************
+    // SERVER FUNCTIONS
+    
+    /**
+    * Find the Base DN of your domain controller
+    * 
+    * @return string
+    */
+    public function find_base_dn() {
+        $namingContext = $this->get_root_dse(array('defaultnamingcontext'));   
+        return $namingContext[0]['defaultnamingcontext'][0];
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Get the RootDSE properties from a domain controller
+    * 
+    * @param array $attributes The attributes you wish to query e.g. defaultnamingcontext
+    * @return array
+    */
+    public function get_root_dse($attributes = array("*", "+")) {
+        if (!$this->_bind){ return (false); }
+        
+        $sr = @ldap_read($this->_conn, NULL, 'objectClass=*', $attributes);
+        $entries = @ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        return $entries;
+    }
+
+    //************************************************************************************************************
+    // UTILITY FUNCTIONS (Many of these functions are protected and can only be called from within the class)
+
+    /**
+    * Get last error from Active Directory
+    * 
+    * This function gets the last message from Active Directory
+    * This may indeed be a 'Success' message but if you get an unknown error
+    * it might be worth calling this function to see what errors were raised
+    * 
+    * return string
+    */
+    public function get_last_error() {
+        return @ldap_error($this->_conn);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Detect LDAP support in php
+    * 
+    * @return bool
+    */    
+    protected function ldap_supported() {
+        if (!function_exists('ldap_connect')) {
+            return (false);   
+        }
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Schema
+    * 
+    * @param array $attributes Attributes to be queried
+    * @return array
+    */    
+    protected function adldap_schema($attributes){
+    
+        // LDAP doesn't like NULL attributes, only set them if they have values
+        // If you wish to remove an attribute you should set it to a space
+        // TO DO: Adapt user_modify to use ldap_mod_delete to remove a NULL attribute
+        $mod=array();
+        
+        // Check every attribute to see if it contains 8bit characters and then UTF8 encode them
+        array_walk($attributes, array($this, 'encode8bit'));
+
+        if ($attributes["address_city"]){ $mod["l"][0]=$attributes["address_city"]; }
+        if ($attributes["address_code"]){ $mod["postalCode"][0]=$attributes["address_code"]; }
+        //if ($attributes["address_country"]){ $mod["countryCode"][0]=$attributes["address_country"]; } // use country codes?
+        if ($attributes["address_country"]){ $mod["c"][0]=$attributes["address_country"]; }
+        if ($attributes["address_pobox"]){ $mod["postOfficeBox"][0]=$attributes["address_pobox"]; }
+        if ($attributes["address_state"]){ $mod["st"][0]=$attributes["address_state"]; }
+        if ($attributes["address_street"]){ $mod["streetAddress"][0]=$attributes["address_street"]; }
+        if ($attributes["company"]){ $mod["company"][0]=$attributes["company"]; }
+        if ($attributes["change_password"]){ $mod["pwdLastSet"][0]=0; }
+        if ($attributes["department"]){ $mod["department"][0]=$attributes["department"]; }
+        if ($attributes["description"]){ $mod["description"][0]=$attributes["description"]; }
+        if ($attributes["display_name"]){ $mod["displayName"][0]=$attributes["display_name"]; }
+        if ($attributes["email"]){ $mod["mail"][0]=$attributes["email"]; }
+        if ($attributes["expires"]){ $mod["accountExpires"][0]=$attributes["expires"]; } //unix epoch format?
+        if ($attributes["firstname"]){ $mod["givenName"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]; }
+        if ($attributes["home_directory"]){ $mod["homeDirectory"][0]=$attributes["home_directory"]; }
+        if ($attributes["home_drive"]){ $mod["homeDrive"][0]=$attributes["home_drive"]; }
+        if ($attributes["initials"]){ $mod["initials"][0]=$attributes["initials"]; }
+        if ($attributes["logon_name"]){ $mod["userPrincipalName"][0]=$attributes["logon_name"]; }
+        if ($attributes["manager"]){ $mod["manager"][0]=$attributes["manager"]; }  //UNTESTED ***Use DistinguishedName***
+        if ($attributes["office"]){ $mod["physicalDeliveryOfficeName"][0]=$attributes["office"]; }
+        if ($attributes["password"]){ $mod["unicodePwd"][0]=$this->encode_password($attributes["password"]); }
+        if ($attributes["profile_path"]){ $mod["profilepath"][0]=$attributes["profile_path"]; }
+        if ($attributes["script_path"]){ $mod["scriptPath"][0]=$attributes["script_path"]; }
+        if ($attributes["surname"]){ $mod["sn"][0]=$attributes["surname"]; }
+        if ($attributes["title"]){ $mod["title"][0]=$attributes["title"]; }
+        if ($attributes["telephone"]){ $mod["telephoneNumber"][0]=$attributes["telephone"]; }
+        if ($attributes["mobile"]){ $mod["mobile"][0]=$attributes["mobile"]; }
+        if ($attributes["pager"]){ $mod["pager"][0]=$attributes["pager"]; }
+        if ($attributes["ipphone"]){ $mod["ipphone"][0]=$attributes["ipphone"]; }
+        if ($attributes["web_page"]){ $mod["wWWHomePage"][0]=$attributes["web_page"]; }
+        if ($attributes["fax"]){ $mod["facsimileTelephoneNumber"][0]=$attributes["fax"]; }
+        if ($attributes["enabled"]){ $mod["userAccountControl"][0]=$attributes["enabled"]; }
+        
+        // Distribution List specific schema
+        if ($attributes["group_sendpermission"]){ $mod["dlMemSubmitPerms"][0]=$attributes["group_sendpermission"]; }
+        if ($attributes["group_rejectpermission"]){ $mod["dlMemRejectPerms"][0]=$attributes["group_rejectpermission"]; }
+        
+        // Exchange Schema
+        if ($attributes["exchange_homemdb"]){ $mod["homeMDB"][0]=$attributes["exchange_homemdb"]; }
+        if ($attributes["exchange_mailnickname"]){ $mod["mailNickname"][0]=$attributes["exchange_mailnickname"]; }
+        if ($attributes["exchange_proxyaddress"]){ $mod["proxyAddresses"][0]=$attributes["exchange_proxyaddress"]; }
+        if ($attributes["exchange_usedefaults"]){ $mod["mDBUseDefaults"][0]=$attributes["exchange_usedefaults"]; }
+        if ($attributes["exchange_policyexclude"]){ $mod["msExchPoliciesExcluded"][0]=$attributes["exchange_policyexclude"]; }
+        if ($attributes["exchange_policyinclude"]){ $mod["msExchPoliciesIncluded"][0]=$attributes["exchange_policyinclude"]; }       
+        if ($attributes["exchange_addressbook"]){ $mod["showInAddressBook"][0]=$attributes["exchange_addressbook"]; }       
+        
+        // This schema is designed for contacts
+        if ($attributes["exchange_hidefromlists"]){ $mod["msExchHideFromAddressLists"][0]=$attributes["exchange_hidefromlists"]; }
+        if ($attributes["contact_email"]){ $mod["targetAddress"][0]=$attributes["contact_email"]; }
+        
+        //echo ("
"); print_r($mod);
+        /*
+        // modifying a name is a bit fiddly
+        if ($attributes["firstname"] && $attributes["surname"]){
+            $mod["cn"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
+            $mod["displayname"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
+            $mod["name"][0]=$attributes["firstname"]." ".$attributes["surname"];
+        }
+        */
+
+        if (count($mod)==0){ return (false); }
+        return ($mod);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Coping with AD not returning the primary group
+    * http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=321360 
+    * 
+    * For some reason it's not possible to search on primarygrouptoken=XXX
+    * If someone can show otherwise, I'd like to know about it :)
+    * this way is resource intensive and generally a pain in the @#%^
+    * 
+    * @deprecated deprecated since version 3.1, see get get_primary_group
+    * @param string $gid Group ID
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function group_cn($gid){    
+        if ($gid===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $r=false;
+        
+        $filter="(&(objectCategory=group)(samaccounttype=". ADLDAP_SECURITY_GLOBAL_GROUP ."))";
+        $fields=array("primarygrouptoken","samaccountname","distinguishedname");
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+        
+        for ($i=0; $i<$entries["count"]; $i++){
+            if ($entries[$i]["primarygrouptoken"][0]==$gid){
+                $r=$entries[$i]["distinguishedname"][0];
+                $i=$entries["count"];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return ($r);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Coping with AD not returning the primary group
+    * http://support.microsoft.com/?kbid=321360 
+    * 
+    * This is a re-write based on code submitted by Bruce which prevents the 
+    * need to search each security group to find the true primary group
+    * 
+    * @param string $gid Group ID
+    * @param string $usersid User's Object SID
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function get_primary_group($gid, $usersid){
+        if ($gid===NULL || $usersid===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $r=false;
+
+        $gsid = substr_replace($usersid,pack('V',$gid),strlen($usersid)-4,4);
+        $filter='(objectsid='.$this->getTextSID($gsid).')';
+        $fields=array("samaccountname","distinguishedname");
+        $sr=ldap_search($this->_conn,$this->_base_dn,$filter,$fields);
+        $entries = ldap_get_entries($this->_conn, $sr);
+
+        return $entries[0]['distinguishedname'][0];
+     }
+     
+    /**
+    * Convert a binary SID to a text SID
+    * 
+    * @param string $binsid A Binary SID
+    * @return string
+    */
+     protected function getTextSID($binsid) {
+        $hex_sid = bin2hex($binsid);
+        $rev = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 0, 2));
+        $subcount = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 2, 2));
+        $auth = hexdec(substr($hex_sid, 4, 12));
+        $result = "$rev-$auth";
+
+        for ($x=0;$x < $subcount; $x++) {
+            $subauth[$x] =
+                hexdec($this->little_endian(substr($hex_sid, 16 + ($x * 8), 8)));
+                $result .= "-" . $subauth[$x];
+        }
+
+        // Cheat by tacking on the S-
+        return 'S-' . $result;
+     }
+     
+    /**
+    * Converts a little-endian hex number to one that hexdec() can convert
+    * 
+    * @param string $hex A hex code
+    * @return string
+    */
+     protected function little_endian($hex) {
+        $result = '';
+        for ($x = strlen($hex) - 2; $x >= 0; $x = $x - 2) {
+            $result .= substr($hex, $x, 2);
+        }
+        return $result;
+     }
+     
+    /**
+    * Converts a binary attribute to a string
+    * 
+    * @param string $bin A binary LDAP attribute
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function binary2text($bin) {
+        $hex_guid = bin2hex($bin); 
+        $hex_guid_to_guid_str = ''; 
+        for($k = 1; $k <= 4; ++$k) { 
+            $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= substr($hex_guid, 8 - 2 * $k, 2); 
+        } 
+        $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= '-'; 
+        for($k = 1; $k <= 2; ++$k) { 
+            $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= substr($hex_guid, 12 - 2 * $k, 2); 
+        } 
+        $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= '-'; 
+        for($k = 1; $k <= 2; ++$k) { 
+            $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= substr($hex_guid, 16 - 2 * $k, 2); 
+        } 
+        $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= '-' . substr($hex_guid, 16, 4); 
+        $hex_guid_to_guid_str .= '-' . substr($hex_guid, 20); 
+        return strtoupper($hex_guid_to_guid_str);   
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Converts a binary GUID to a string GUID
+    * 
+    * @param string $binaryGuid The binary GUID attribute to convert
+    * @return string
+    */
+    public function decodeGuid($binaryGuid) {
+        if ($binaryGuid === null){ return ("Missing compulsory field [binaryGuid]"); }
+        
+        $strGUID = $this->binary2text($binaryGuid);          
+        return ($strGUID); 
+    }
+     
+    /**
+    * Converts a string GUID to a hexdecimal value so it can be queried
+    * 
+    * @param string $strGUID A string representation of a GUID
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function strguid2hex($strGUID) {
+        $strGUID = str_replace('-', '', $strGUID);
+
+        $octet_str = '\\' . substr($strGUID, 6, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 4, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 2, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 0, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 10, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 8, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 14, 2);
+        $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 12, 2);
+        //$octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, 16, strlen($strGUID));
+        for ($i=16; $i<=(strlen($strGUID)-2); $i++) {
+            if (($i % 2) == 0) {
+                $octet_str .= '\\' . substr($strGUID, $i, 2);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return $octet_str;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Obtain the user's distinguished name based on their userid 
+    * 
+    * 
+    * @param string $username The username
+    * @param bool $isGUID Is the username passed a GUID or a samAccountName
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function user_dn($username,$isGUID=false){
+        $user=$this->user_info($username,array("cn"),$isGUID);
+        if ($user[0]["dn"]===NULL){ return (false); }
+        $user_dn=$user[0]["dn"];
+        return ($user_dn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+    * Encode a password for transmission over LDAP
+    *
+    * @param string $password The password to encode
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function encode_password($password){
+        $password="\"".$password."\"";
+        $encoded="";
+        for ($i=0; $i 
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function ldap_slashes($str){
+        return preg_replace('/([\x00-\x1F\*\(\)\\\\])/e',
+                            '"\\\\\".join("",unpack("H2","$1"))',
+                            $str);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Select a random domain controller from your domain controller array
+    * 
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function random_controller(){
+        mt_srand(doubleval(microtime()) * 100000000); // For older PHP versions
+        return ($this->_domain_controllers[array_rand($this->_domain_controllers)]);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Account control options
+    *
+    * @param array $options The options to convert to int 
+    * @return int
+    */
+    protected function account_control($options){
+        $val=0;
+
+        if (is_array($options)){
+            if (in_array("SCRIPT",$options)){ $val=$val+1; }
+            if (in_array("ACCOUNTDISABLE",$options)){ $val=$val+2; }
+            if (in_array("HOMEDIR_REQUIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+8; }
+            if (in_array("LOCKOUT",$options)){ $val=$val+16; }
+            if (in_array("PASSWD_NOTREQD",$options)){ $val=$val+32; }
+            //PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE Note You cannot assign this permission by directly modifying the UserAccountControl attribute.
+            //For information about how to set the permission programmatically, see the "Property flag descriptions" section.
+            if (in_array("ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED",$options)){ $val=$val+128; }
+            if (in_array("TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+256; }
+            if (in_array("NORMAL_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+512; }
+            if (in_array("INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+2048; }
+            if (in_array("WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+4096; }
+            if (in_array("SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+8192; }
+            if (in_array("DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD",$options)){ $val=$val+65536; }
+            if (in_array("MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT",$options)){ $val=$val+131072; }
+            if (in_array("SMARTCARD_REQUIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+262144; }
+            if (in_array("TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION",$options)){ $val=$val+524288; }
+            if (in_array("NOT_DELEGATED",$options)){ $val=$val+1048576; }
+            if (in_array("USE_DES_KEY_ONLY",$options)){ $val=$val+2097152; }
+            if (in_array("DONT_REQ_PREAUTH",$options)){ $val=$val+4194304; } 
+            if (in_array("PASSWORD_EXPIRED",$options)){ $val=$val+8388608; }
+            if (in_array("TRUSTED_TO_AUTH_FOR_DELEGATION",$options)){ $val=$val+16777216; }
+        }
+        return ($val);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Take an LDAP query and return the nice names, without all the LDAP prefixes (eg. CN, DN)
+    *
+    * @param array $groups
+    * @return array
+    */
+    protected function nice_names($groups){
+
+        $group_array=array();
+        for ($i=0; $i<$groups["count"]; $i++){ // For each group
+            $line=$groups[$i];
+            
+            if (strlen($line)>0){ 
+                // More presumptions, they're all prefixed with CN=
+                // so we ditch the first three characters and the group
+                // name goes up to the first comma
+                $bits=explode(",",$line);
+                $group_array[]=substr($bits[0],3,(strlen($bits[0])-3));
+            }
+        }
+        return ($group_array);    
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Delete a distinguished name from Active Directory
+    * You should never need to call this yourself, just use the wrapper functions user_delete and contact_delete
+    *
+    * @param string $dn The distinguished name to delete
+    * @return bool
+    */
+    protected function dn_delete($dn){ 
+        $result=ldap_delete($this->_conn, $dn);
+        if ($result!=true){ return (false); }
+        return (true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Convert a boolean value to a string
+    * You should never need to call this yourself
+    *
+    * @param bool $bool Boolean value
+    * @return string
+    */
+    protected function bool2str($bool) {
+        return ($bool) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    * Convert 8bit characters e.g. accented characters to UTF8 encoded characters
+    */
+    protected function encode8bit(&$item, $key) {
+        $encode = false;
+        if (is_string($item)) {
+            for ($i=0; $i> 7) {
+                    $encode = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if ($encode === true && $key != 'password') {
+            $item = utf8_encode($item);   
+        }
+    }    
+}
+
+/**
+* adLDAP Exception Handler
+* 
+* Exceptions of this type are thrown on bind failure or when SSL is required but not configured
+* Example:
+* try {
+*   $adldap = new adLDAP();
+* }
+* catch (adLDAPException $e) {
+*   echo $e;
+*   exit();
+* }
+*/
+class adLDAPException extends Exception {}
+
+?>
\ No newline at end of file
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