Linux-libre 4.8.2-gnupck-4.8.2-gnu

8 files changed, 214 insertions, 133 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/networking/can.txt b/Documentation/networking/can.txt
index d58ff8467..aa15b9ee2 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/can.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/can.txt
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ This file contains
       4.2.4 Broadcast Manager message sequence transmission
       4.2.5 Broadcast Manager receive filter timers
       4.2.6 Broadcast Manager multiplex message receive filter
+      4.2.7 Broadcast Manager CAN FD support
     4.3 connected transport protocols (SOCK_SEQPACKET)
     4.4 unconnected transport protocols (SOCK_DGRAM)
 
@@ -799,7 +800,7 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
     } mytxmsg;
 
     (..)
-    mytxmsg.nframes = 4;
+    mytxmsg.msg_head.nframes = 4;
     (..)
 
     write(s, &mytxmsg, sizeof(mytxmsg));
@@ -852,6 +853,28 @@ solution for a couple of reasons:
 
     write(s, &msg, sizeof(msg));
 
+  4.2.7 Broadcast Manager CAN FD support
+
+  The programming API of the CAN_BCM depends on struct can_frame which is
+  given as array directly behind the bcm_msg_head structure. To follow this
+  schema for the CAN FD frames a new flag 'CAN_FD_FRAME' in the bcm_msg_head
+  flags indicates that the concatenated CAN frame structures behind the
+  bcm_msg_head are defined as struct canfd_frame.
+
+    struct {
+            struct bcm_msg_head msg_head;
+            struct canfd_frame frame[5];
+    } msg;
+
+    msg.msg_head.opcode  = RX_SETUP;
+    msg.msg_head.can_id  = 0x42;
+    msg.msg_head.flags   = CAN_FD_FRAME;
+    msg.msg_head.nframes = 5;
+    (..)
+
+  When using CAN FD frames for multiplex filtering the MUX mask is still
+  expected in the first 64 bit of the struct canfd_frame data section.
+
   4.3 connected transport protocols (SOCK_SEQPACKET)
   4.4 unconnected transport protocols (SOCK_DGRAM)
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/dsa/dsa.txt b/Documentation/networking/dsa/dsa.txt
index 9d05ed7f7..f20c884c0 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/dsa/dsa.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/dsa/dsa.txt
@@ -587,26 +587,6 @@ of DSA, would be the its port-based VLAN, used by the associated bridge device.
 TODO
 ====
 
-The platform device problem
----------------------------
-DSA is currently implemented as a platform device driver which is far from ideal
-as was discussed in this thread:
-
-http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/329848
-
-This basically prevents the device driver model to be properly used and applied,
-and support non-MDIO, non-MMIO Ethernet connected switches.
-
-Another problem with the platform device driver approach is that it prevents the
-use of a modular switch drivers build due to a circular dependency, illustrated
-here:
-
-http://comments.gmane.org/gmane.linux.network/345803
-
-Attempts of reworking this has been done here:
-
-https://lwn.net/Articles/643149/
-
 Making SWITCHDEV and DSA converge towards an unified codebase
 -------------------------------------------------------------
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt b/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt
index ff630a87b..179b18ce4 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/gen_stats.txt
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ struct mystruct {
 	...
 };
 
-Update statistics:
+Update statistics, in dequeue() methods only, (while owning qdisc->running)
 mystruct->tstats.packet++;
 mystruct->qstats.backlog += skb->pkt_len;
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt b/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt
index f55599c62..4fb51d32f 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.txt
@@ -7,12 +7,13 @@ nf_conntrack_acct - BOOLEAN
 	Enable connection tracking flow accounting. 64-bit byte and packet
 	counters per flow are added.
 
-nf_conntrack_buckets - INTEGER (read-only)
+nf_conntrack_buckets - INTEGER
 	Size of hash table. If not specified as parameter during module
 	loading, the default size is calculated by dividing total memory
 	by 16384 to determine the number of buckets but the hash table will
 	never have fewer than 32 and limited to 16384 buckets. For systems
 	with more than 4GB of memory it will be 65536 buckets.
+	This sysctl is only writeable in the initial net namespace.
 
 nf_conntrack_checksum - BOOLEAN
 	0 - disabled
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/rds.txt b/Documentation/networking/rds.txt
index 9d219d856..0235ae69a 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/rds.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/rds.txt
@@ -85,7 +85,8 @@ Socket Interface
 
   bind(fd, &sockaddr_in, ...)
         This binds the socket to a local IP address and port, and a
-        transport.
+        transport, if one has not already been selected via the
+	SO_RDS_TRANSPORT socket option
 
   sendmsg(fd, ...)
         Sends a message to the indicated recipient. The kernel will
@@ -146,6 +147,20 @@ Socket Interface
         operation. In this case, it would use RDS_CANCEL_SENT_TO to
         nuke any pending messages.
 
+  setsockopt(fd, SOL_RDS, SO_RDS_TRANSPORT, (int *)&transport ..)
+  getsockopt(fd, SOL_RDS, SO_RDS_TRANSPORT, (int *)&transport ..)
+	Set or read an integer defining  the underlying
+	encapsulating transport to be used for RDS packets on the
+	socket. When setting the option, integer argument may be
+	one of RDS_TRANS_TCP or RDS_TRANS_IB. When retrieving the
+	value, RDS_TRANS_NONE will be returned on an unbound socket.
+	This socket option may only be set exactly once on the socket,
+	prior to binding it via the bind(2) system call. Attempts to
+	set SO_RDS_TRANSPORT on a socket for which the transport has
+	been previously attached explicitly (by SO_RDS_TRANSPORT) or
+	implicitly (via bind(2)) will return an error of EOPNOTSUPP.
+	An attempt to set SO_RDS_TRANSPPORT to RDS_TRANS_NONE will
+	always return EINVAL.
 
 RDMA for RDS
 ============
@@ -350,4 +365,59 @@ The recv path
     handle CMSGs
     return to application
 
+Multipath RDS (mprds)
+=====================
+  Mprds is multipathed-RDS, primarily intended for RDS-over-TCP
+  (though the concept can be extended to other transports). The classical
+  implementation of RDS-over-TCP is implemented by demultiplexing multiple
+  PF_RDS sockets between any 2 endpoints (where endpoint == [IP address,
+  port]) over a single TCP socket between the 2 IP addresses involved. This
+  has the limitation that it ends up funneling multiple RDS flows over a
+  single TCP flow, thus it is
+  (a) upper-bounded to the single-flow bandwidth,
+  (b) suffers from head-of-line blocking for all the RDS sockets.
+
+  Better throughput (for a fixed small packet size, MTU) can be achieved
+  by having multiple TCP/IP flows per rds/tcp connection, i.e., multipathed
+  RDS (mprds).  Each such TCP/IP flow constitutes a path for the rds/tcp
+  connection. RDS sockets will be attached to a path based on some hash
+  (e.g., of local address and RDS port number) and packets for that RDS
+  socket will be sent over the attached path using TCP to segment/reassemble
+  RDS datagrams on that path.
+
+  Multipathed RDS is implemented by splitting the struct rds_connection into
+  a common (to all paths) part, and a per-path struct rds_conn_path. All
+  I/O workqs and reconnect threads are driven from the rds_conn_path.
+  Transports such as TCP that are multipath capable may then set up a
+  TPC socket per rds_conn_path, and this is managed by the transport via
+  the transport privatee cp_transport_data pointer.
+
+  Transports announce themselves as multipath capable by setting the
+  t_mp_capable bit during registration with the rds core module. When the
+  transport is multipath-capable, rds_sendmsg() hashes outgoing traffic
+  across multiple paths. The outgoing hash is computed based on the
+  local address and port that the PF_RDS socket is bound to.
+
+  Additionally, even if the transport is MP capable, we may be
+  peering with some node that does not support mprds, or supports
+  a different number of paths. As a result, the peering nodes need
+  to agree on the number of paths to be used for the connection.
+  This is done by sending out a control packet exchange before the
+  first data packet. The control packet exchange must have completed
+  prior to outgoing hash completion in rds_sendmsg() when the transport
+  is mutlipath capable.
+
+  The control packet is an RDS ping packet (i.e., packet to rds dest
+  port 0) with the ping packet having a rds extension header option  of
+  type RDS_EXTHDR_NPATHS, length 2 bytes, and the value is the
+  number of paths supported by the sender. The "probe" ping packet will
+  get sent from some reserved port, RDS_FLAG_PROBE_PORT (in <linux/rds.h>)
+  The receiver of a ping from RDS_FLAG_PROBE_PORT will thus immediately
+  be able to compute the min(sender_paths, rcvr_paths). The pong
+  sent in response to a probe-ping should contain the rcvr's npaths
+  when the rcvr is mprds-capable.
+
+  If the rcvr is not mprds-capable, the exthdr in the ping will be
+  ignored.  In this case the pong will not have any exthdrs, so the sender
+  of the probe-ping can default to single-path mprds.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt b/Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt
index 16a924c48..70c926ae2 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt
@@ -790,13 +790,12 @@ The kernel interface functions are as follows:
      Data messages can have their contents extracted with the usual bunch of
      socket buffer manipulation functions.  A data message can be determined to
      be the last one in a sequence with rxrpc_kernel_is_data_last().  When a
-     data message has been used up, rxrpc_kernel_data_delivered() should be
-     called on it..
+     data message has been used up, rxrpc_kernel_data_consumed() should be
+     called on it.
 
-     Non-data messages should be handled to rxrpc_kernel_free_skb() to dispose
-     of.  It is possible to get extra refs on all types of message for later
-     freeing, but this may pin the state of a call until the message is finally
-     freed.
+     Messages should be handled to rxrpc_kernel_free_skb() to dispose of.  It
+     is possible to get extra refs on all types of message for later freeing,
+     but this may pin the state of a call until the message is finally freed.
 
  (*) Accept an incoming call.
 
@@ -821,12 +820,14 @@ The kernel interface functions are as follows:
      Other errors may be returned if the call had been aborted (-ECONNABORTED)
      or had timed out (-ETIME).
 
- (*) Record the delivery of a data message and free it.
+ (*) Record the delivery of a data message.
 
-	void rxrpc_kernel_data_delivered(struct sk_buff *skb);
+	void rxrpc_kernel_data_consumed(struct rxrpc_call *call,
+					struct sk_buff *skb);
 
-     This is used to record a data message as having been delivered and to
-     update the ACK state for the call.  The socket buffer will be freed.
+     This is used to record a data message as having been consumed and to
+     update the ACK state for the call.  The message must still be passed to
+     rxrpc_kernel_free_skb() for disposal by the caller.
 
  (*) Free a message.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/stmmac.txt b/Documentation/networking/stmmac.txt
index 671fe3dd5..e226f8925 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/stmmac.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/stmmac.txt
@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ Please see the following document:
  o mmc_core.c/mmc.h: Management MAC Counters;
  o stmmac_hwtstamp.c: HW timestamp support for PTP;
  o stmmac_ptp.c: PTP 1588 clock;
+ o stmmac_pcs.h: Physical Coding Sublayer common implementation;
  o dwmac-<XXX>.c: these are for the platform glue-logic file; e.g. dwmac-sti.c
    for STMicroelectronics SoCs.
 
diff --git a/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt b/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt
index 5da679c57..755dab856 100644
--- a/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt
+++ b/Documentation/networking/vrf.txt
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ the use of higher priority ip rules (Policy Based Routing, PBR) to take
 precedence over the VRF device rules directing specific traffic as desired.
 
 In addition, VRF devices allow VRFs to be nested within namespaces. For
-example network namespaces provide separation of network interfaces at L1
-(Layer 1 separation), VLANs on the interfaces within a namespace provide
-L2 separation and then VRF devices provide L3 separation.
+example network namespaces provide separation of network interfaces at the
+device layer, VLANs on the interfaces within a namespace provide L2 separation
+and then VRF devices provide L3 separation.
 
 Design
 ------
@@ -37,21 +37,22 @@ are then enslaved to a VRF device:
                               +------+ +------+
 
 Packets received on an enslaved device and are switched to the VRF device
-using an rx_handler which gives the impression that packets flow through
-the VRF device. Similarly on egress routing rules are used to send packets
-to the VRF device driver before getting sent out the actual interface. This
-allows tcpdump on a VRF device to capture all packets into and out of the
-VRF as a whole.[1] Similarly, netfilter [2] and tc rules can be applied
-using the VRF device to specify rules that apply to the VRF domain as a whole.
+in the IPv4 and IPv6 processing stacks giving the impression that packets
+flow through the VRF device. Similarly on egress routing rules are used to
+send packets to the VRF device driver before getting sent out the actual
+interface. This allows tcpdump on a VRF device to capture all packets into
+and out of the VRF as a whole.[1] Similarly, netfilter[2] and tc rules can be
+applied using the VRF device to specify rules that apply to the VRF domain
+as a whole.
 
 [1] Packets in the forwarded state do not flow through the device, so those
     packets are not seen by tcpdump. Will revisit this limitation in a
     future release.
 
-[2] Iptables on ingress is limited to NF_INET_PRE_ROUTING only with skb->dev
-    set to real ingress device and egress is limited to NF_INET_POST_ROUTING.
-    Will revisit this limitation in a future release.
-
+[2] Iptables on ingress supports PREROUTING with skb->dev set to the real
+    ingress device and both INPUT and PREROUTING rules with skb->dev set to
+    the VRF device. For egress POSTROUTING and OUTPUT rules can be written
+    using either the VRF device or real egress device.
 
 Setup
 -----
@@ -59,23 +60,33 @@ Setup
    e.g, ip link add vrf-blue type vrf table 10
         ip link set dev vrf-blue up
 
-2. Rules are added that send lookups to the associated FIB table when the
-   iif or oif is the VRF device. e.g.,
+2. An l3mdev FIB rule directs lookups to the table associated with the device.
+   A single l3mdev rule is sufficient for all VRFs. The VRF device adds the
+   l3mdev rule for IPv4 and IPv6 when the first device is created with a
+   default preference of 1000. Users may delete the rule if desired and add
+   with a different priority or install per-VRF rules.
+
+   Prior to the v4.8 kernel iif and oif rules are needed for each VRF device:
        ip ru add oif vrf-blue table 10
        ip ru add iif vrf-blue table 10
 
-   Set the default route for the table (and hence default route for the VRF).
-   e.g, ip route add table 10 prohibit default
+3. Set the default route for the table (and hence default route for the VRF).
+       ip route add table 10 unreachable default
 
-3. Enslave L3 interfaces to a VRF device.
-   e.g,  ip link set dev eth1 master vrf-blue
+4. Enslave L3 interfaces to a VRF device.
+       ip link set dev eth1 master vrf-blue
 
    Local and connected routes for enslaved devices are automatically moved to
    the table associated with VRF device. Any additional routes depending on
-   the enslaved device will need to be reinserted following the enslavement.
+   the enslaved device are dropped and will need to be reinserted to the VRF
+   FIB table following the enslavement.
+
+   The IPv6 sysctl option keep_addr_on_down can be enabled to keep IPv6 global
+   addresses as VRF enslavement changes.
+       sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.keep_addr_on_down=1
 
-4. Additional VRF routes are added to associated table.
-   e.g., ip route add table 10 ...
+5. Additional VRF routes are added to associated table.
+       ip route add table 10 ...
 
 
 Applications
@@ -87,39 +98,34 @@ VRF device:
 
 or to specify the output device using cmsg and IP_PKTINFO.
 
+TCP services running in the default VRF context (ie., not bound to any VRF
+device) can work across all VRF domains by enabling the tcp_l3mdev_accept
+sysctl option:
+    sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_l3mdev_accept=1
 
-Limitations
------------
-Index of original ingress interface is not available via cmsg. Will address
-soon.
+netfilter rules on the VRF device can be used to limit access to services
+running in the default VRF context as well.
+
+The default VRF does not have limited scope with respect to port bindings.
+That is, if a process does a wildcard bind to a port in the default VRF it
+owns the port across all VRF domains within the network namespace.
 
 ################################################################################
 
 Using iproute2 for VRFs
 =======================
-VRF devices do *not* have to start with 'vrf-'. That is a convention used here
-for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
+iproute2 supports the vrf keyword as of v4.7. For backwards compatibility this
+section lists both commands where appropriate -- with the vrf keyword and the
+older form without it.
 
 1. Create a VRF
 
    To instantiate a VRF device and associate it with a table:
        $ ip link add dev NAME type vrf table ID
 
-   Remember to add the ip rules as well:
-       $ ip ru add oif NAME table 10
-       $ ip ru add iif NAME table 10
-       $ ip -6 ru add oif NAME table 10
-       $ ip -6 ru add iif NAME table 10
-
-   Without the rules route lookups are not directed to the table.
-
-   For example:
-   $ ip link add dev vrf-blue type vrf table 10
-   $ ip ru add pref 200 oif vrf-blue table 10
-   $ ip ru add pref 200 iif vrf-blue table 10
-   $ ip -6 ru add pref 200 oif vrf-blue table 10
-   $ ip -6 ru add pref 200 iif vrf-blue table 10
-
+   As of v4.8 the kernel supports the l3mdev FIB rule where a single rule
+   covers all VRFs. The l3mdev rule is created for IPv4 and IPv6 on first
+   device create.
 
 2. List VRFs
 
@@ -129,16 +135,16 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
 
    For example:
    $ ip -d link show type vrf
-   11: vrf-mgmt: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   11: mgmt: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 72:b3:ba:91:e2:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
        vrf table 1 addrgenmode eui64
-   12: vrf-red: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   12: red: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether b6:6f:6e:f6:da:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
        vrf table 10 addrgenmode eui64
-   13: vrf-blue: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   13: blue: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 36:62:e8:7d:bb:8c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
        vrf table 66 addrgenmode eui64
-   14: vrf-green: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   14: green: <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether e6:28:b8:63:70:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff promiscuity 0
        vrf table 81 addrgenmode eui64
 
@@ -146,43 +152,44 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
    Or in brief output:
 
    $ ip -br link show type vrf
-   vrf-mgmt         UP             72:b3:ba:91:e2:24 <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
-   vrf-red          UP             b6:6f:6e:f6:da:73 <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
-   vrf-blue         UP             36:62:e8:7d:bb:8c <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
-   vrf-green        UP             e6:28:b8:63:70:bb <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
+   mgmt         UP             72:b3:ba:91:e2:24 <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
+   red          UP             b6:6f:6e:f6:da:73 <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
+   blue         UP             36:62:e8:7d:bb:8c <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
+   green        UP             e6:28:b8:63:70:bb <NOARP,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP>
 
 
 3. Assign a Network Interface to a VRF
 
    Network interfaces are assigned to a VRF by enslaving the netdevice to a
    VRF device:
-       $ ip link set dev NAME master VRF-NAME
+       $ ip link set dev NAME master NAME
 
    On enslavement connected and local routes are automatically moved to the
    table associated with the VRF device.
 
    For example:
-   $ ip link set dev eth0 master vrf-mgmt
+   $ ip link set dev eth0 master mgmt
 
 
 4. Show Devices Assigned to a VRF
 
    To show devices that have been assigned to a specific VRF add the master
    option to the ip command:
-       $ ip link show master VRF-NAME
+       $ ip link show vrf NAME
+       $ ip link show master NAME
 
    For example:
-   $ ip link show master vrf-red
-   3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master vrf-red state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   $ ip link show vrf red
+   3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master red state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
-   4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master vrf-red state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master red state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
-   7: eth5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop master vrf-red state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
+   7: eth5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop master red state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 
 
    Or using the brief output:
-   $ ip -br link show master vrf-red
+   $ ip -br link show vrf red
    eth1             UP             02:00:00:00:02:02 <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>
    eth2             UP             02:00:00:00:02:03 <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP>
    eth5             DOWN           02:00:00:00:02:06 <BROADCAST,MULTICAST>
@@ -192,26 +199,28 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
 
    To list neighbor entries associated with devices enslaved to a VRF device
    add the master option to the ip command:
-       $ ip [-6] neigh show master VRF-NAME
+       $ ip [-6] neigh show vrf NAME
+       $ ip [-6] neigh show master NAME
 
    For example:
-   $  ip neigh show master vrf-red
+   $  ip neigh show vrf red
    10.2.1.254 dev eth1 lladdr a6:d9:c7:4f:06:23 REACHABLE
    10.2.2.254 dev eth2 lladdr 5e:54:01:6a:ee:80 REACHABLE
 
-    $ ip -6 neigh show master vrf-red
-    2002:1::64 dev eth1 lladdr a6:d9:c7:4f:06:23 REACHABLE
+   $ ip -6 neigh show vrf red
+   2002:1::64 dev eth1 lladdr a6:d9:c7:4f:06:23 REACHABLE
 
 
 6. Show Addresses for a VRF
 
    To show addresses for interfaces associated with a VRF add the master
    option to the ip command:
-       $ ip addr show master VRF-NAME
+       $ ip addr show vrf NAME
+       $ ip addr show master NAME
 
    For example:
-   $ ip addr show master vrf-red
-   3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master vrf-red state UP group default qlen 1000
+   $ ip addr show vrf red
+   3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master red state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.2.1.2/24 brd 10.2.1.255 scope global eth1
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
@@ -219,7 +228,7 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::ff:fe00:202/64 scope link
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
-   4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master vrf-red state UP group default qlen 1000
+   4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master red state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 10.2.2.2/24 brd 10.2.2.255 scope global eth2
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
@@ -227,11 +236,11 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 fe80::ff:fe00:203/64 scope link
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
-   7: eth5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop master vrf-red state DOWN group default qlen 1000
+   7: eth5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop master red state DOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/ether 02:00:00:00:02:06 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 
    Or in brief format:
-   $ ip -br addr show master vrf-red
+   $ ip -br addr show vrf red
    eth1             UP             10.2.1.2/24 2002:1::2/120 fe80::ff:fe00:202/64
    eth2             UP             10.2.2.2/24 2002:2::2/120 fe80::ff:fe00:203/64
    eth5             DOWN
@@ -241,10 +250,11 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
 
    To show routes for a VRF use the ip command to display the table associated
    with the VRF device:
+       $ ip [-6] route show vrf NAME
        $ ip [-6] route show table ID
 
    For example:
-   $ ip route show table vrf-red
+   $ ip route show vrf red
    prohibit default
    broadcast 10.2.1.0 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.2.1.2
    10.2.1.0/24 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.2.1.2
@@ -255,7 +265,7 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
    local 10.2.2.2 dev eth2  proto kernel  scope host  src 10.2.2.2
    broadcast 10.2.2.255 dev eth2  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.2.2.2
 
-   $ ip -6 route show table vrf-red
+   $ ip -6 route show vrf red
    local 2002:1:: dev lo  proto none  metric 0  pref medium
    local 2002:1::2 dev lo  proto none  metric 0  pref medium
    2002:1::/120 dev eth1  proto kernel  metric 256  pref medium
@@ -268,23 +278,24 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
    local fe80::ff:fe00:203 dev lo  proto none  metric 0  pref medium
    fe80::/64 dev eth1  proto kernel  metric 256  pref medium
    fe80::/64 dev eth2  proto kernel  metric 256  pref medium
-   ff00::/8 dev vrf-red  metric 256  pref medium
+   ff00::/8 dev red  metric 256  pref medium
    ff00::/8 dev eth1  metric 256  pref medium
    ff00::/8 dev eth2  metric 256  pref medium
 
 
 8. Route Lookup for a VRF
 
-   A test route lookup can be done for a VRF by adding the oif option to ip:
-       $ ip [-6] route get oif VRF-NAME ADDRESS
+   A test route lookup can be done for a VRF:
+       $ ip [-6] route get vrf NAME ADDRESS
+       $ ip [-6] route get oif NAME ADDRESS
 
    For example:
-   $ ip route get 10.2.1.40 oif vrf-red
-   10.2.1.40 dev eth1  table vrf-red  src 10.2.1.2
+   $ ip route get 10.2.1.40 vrf red
+   10.2.1.40 dev eth1  table red  src 10.2.1.2
        cache
 
-   $ ip -6 route get 2002:1::32 oif vrf-red
-   2002:1::32 from :: dev eth1  table vrf-red  proto kernel  src 2002:1::2  metric 256  pref medium
+   $ ip -6 route get 2002:1::32 vrf red
+   2002:1::32 from :: dev eth1  table red  proto kernel  src 2002:1::2  metric 256  pref medium
 
 
 9. Removing Network Interface from a VRF
@@ -303,46 +314,40 @@ for emphasis of the device type, similar to use of 'br' in bridge names.
 
 Commands used in this example:
 
-cat >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables <<EOF
-1  vrf-mgmt
-10 vrf-red
-66 vrf-blue
-81 vrf-green
+cat >> /etc/iproute2/rt_tables.d/vrf.conf <<EOF
+1  mgmt
+10 red
+66 blue
+81 green
 EOF
 
 function vrf_create
 {
     VRF=$1
     TBID=$2
-    # create VRF device
-    ip link add vrf-${VRF} type vrf table ${TBID}
 
-    # add rules that direct lookups to vrf table
-    ip ru add pref 200 oif vrf-${VRF} table ${TBID}
-    ip ru add pref 200 iif vrf-${VRF} table ${TBID}
-    ip -6 ru add pref 200 oif vrf-${VRF} table ${TBID}
-    ip -6 ru add pref 200 iif vrf-${VRF} table ${TBID}
+    # create VRF device
+    ip link add ${VRF} type vrf table ${TBID}
 
     if [ "${VRF}" != "mgmt" ]; then
-        ip route add table ${TBID} prohibit default
+        ip route add table ${TBID} unreachable default
     fi
-    ip link set dev vrf-${VRF} up
-    ip link set dev vrf-${VRF} state up
+    ip link set dev ${VRF} up
 }
 
 vrf_create mgmt 1
-ip link set dev eth0 master vrf-mgmt
+ip link set dev eth0 master mgmt
 
 vrf_create red 10
-ip link set dev eth1 master vrf-red
-ip link set dev eth2 master vrf-red
-ip link set dev eth5 master vrf-red
+ip link set dev eth1 master red
+ip link set dev eth2 master red
+ip link set dev eth5 master red
 
 vrf_create blue 66
-ip link set dev eth3 master vrf-blue
+ip link set dev eth3 master blue
 
 vrf_create green 81
-ip link set dev eth4 master vrf-green
+ip link set dev eth4 master green
 
 
 Interface addresses from /etc/network/interfaces: