Initial import

1 files changed, 1272 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/device.h b/include/linux/device.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6558af90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1272 @@
+/*
+ * device.h - generic, centralized driver model
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2009 Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009 Novell Inc.
+ *
+ * This file is released under the GPLv2
+ *
+ * See Documentation/driver-model/ for more information.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _DEVICE_H_
+#define _DEVICE_H_
+
+#include <linux/ioport.h>
+#include <linux/kobject.h>
+#include <linux/klist.h>
+#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/lockdep.h>
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/pinctrl/devinfo.h>
+#include <linux/pm.h>
+#include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/ratelimit.h>
+#include <linux/uidgid.h>
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+#include <asm/device.h>
+
+struct device;
+struct device_private;
+struct device_driver;
+struct driver_private;
+struct module;
+struct class;
+struct subsys_private;
+struct bus_type;
+struct device_node;
+struct fwnode_handle;
+struct iommu_ops;
+struct iommu_group;
+
+struct bus_attribute {
+	struct attribute	attr;
+	ssize_t (*show)(struct bus_type *bus, char *buf);
+	ssize_t (*store)(struct bus_type *bus, const char *buf, size_t count);
+};
+
+#define BUS_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)	\
+	struct bus_attribute bus_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
+#define BUS_ATTR_RW(_name) \
+	struct bus_attribute bus_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RW(_name)
+#define BUS_ATTR_RO(_name) \
+	struct bus_attribute bus_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RO(_name)
+
+extern int __must_check bus_create_file(struct bus_type *,
+					struct bus_attribute *);
+extern void bus_remove_file(struct bus_type *, struct bus_attribute *);
+
+/**
+ * struct bus_type - The bus type of the device
+ *
+ * @name:	The name of the bus.
+ * @dev_name:	Used for subsystems to enumerate devices like ("foo%u", dev->id).
+ * @dev_root:	Default device to use as the parent.
+ * @dev_attrs:	Default attributes of the devices on the bus.
+ * @bus_groups:	Default attributes of the bus.
+ * @dev_groups:	Default attributes of the devices on the bus.
+ * @drv_groups: Default attributes of the device drivers on the bus.
+ * @match:	Called, perhaps multiple times, whenever a new device or driver
+ *		is added for this bus. It should return a nonzero value if the
+ *		given device can be handled by the given driver.
+ * @uevent:	Called when a device is added, removed, or a few other things
+ *		that generate uevents to add the environment variables.
+ * @probe:	Called when a new device or driver add to this bus, and callback
+ *		the specific driver's probe to initial the matched device.
+ * @remove:	Called when a device removed from this bus.
+ * @shutdown:	Called at shut-down time to quiesce the device.
+ *
+ * @online:	Called to put the device back online (after offlining it).
+ * @offline:	Called to put the device offline for hot-removal. May fail.
+ *
+ * @suspend:	Called when a device on this bus wants to go to sleep mode.
+ * @resume:	Called to bring a device on this bus out of sleep mode.
+ * @pm:		Power management operations of this bus, callback the specific
+ *		device driver's pm-ops.
+ * @iommu_ops:  IOMMU specific operations for this bus, used to attach IOMMU
+ *              driver implementations to a bus and allow the driver to do
+ *              bus-specific setup
+ * @p:		The private data of the driver core, only the driver core can
+ *		touch this.
+ * @lock_key:	Lock class key for use by the lock validator
+ *
+ * A bus is a channel between the processor and one or more devices. For the
+ * purposes of the device model, all devices are connected via a bus, even if
+ * it is an internal, virtual, "platform" bus. Buses can plug into each other.
+ * A USB controller is usually a PCI device, for example. The device model
+ * represents the actual connections between buses and the devices they control.
+ * A bus is represented by the bus_type structure. It contains the name, the
+ * default attributes, the bus' methods, PM operations, and the driver core's
+ * private data.
+ */
+struct bus_type {
+	const char		*name;
+	const char		*dev_name;
+	struct device		*dev_root;
+	struct device_attribute	*dev_attrs;	/* use dev_groups instead */
+	const struct attribute_group **bus_groups;
+	const struct attribute_group **dev_groups;
+	const struct attribute_group **drv_groups;
+
+	int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
+	int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
+	int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
+	int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
+	void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
+
+	int (*online)(struct device *dev);
+	int (*offline)(struct device *dev);
+
+	int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
+	int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
+
+	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
+
+	const struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops;
+
+	struct subsys_private *p;
+	struct lock_class_key lock_key;
+};
+
+extern int __must_check bus_register(struct bus_type *bus);
+
+extern void bus_unregister(struct bus_type *bus);
+
+extern int __must_check bus_rescan_devices(struct bus_type *bus);
+
+/* iterator helpers for buses */
+struct subsys_dev_iter {
+	struct klist_iter		ki;
+	const struct device_type	*type;
+};
+void subsys_dev_iter_init(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter,
+			 struct bus_type *subsys,
+			 struct device *start,
+			 const struct device_type *type);
+struct device *subsys_dev_iter_next(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter);
+void subsys_dev_iter_exit(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter);
+
+int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start, void *data,
+		     int (*fn)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+struct device *bus_find_device(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
+			       void *data,
+			       int (*match)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+struct device *bus_find_device_by_name(struct bus_type *bus,
+				       struct device *start,
+				       const char *name);
+struct device *subsys_find_device_by_id(struct bus_type *bus, unsigned int id,
+					struct device *hint);
+int bus_for_each_drv(struct bus_type *bus, struct device_driver *start,
+		     void *data, int (*fn)(struct device_driver *, void *));
+void bus_sort_breadthfirst(struct bus_type *bus,
+			   int (*compare)(const struct device *a,
+					  const struct device *b));
+/*
+ * Bus notifiers: Get notified of addition/removal of devices
+ * and binding/unbinding of drivers to devices.
+ * In the long run, it should be a replacement for the platform
+ * notify hooks.
+ */
+struct notifier_block;
+
+extern int bus_register_notifier(struct bus_type *bus,
+				 struct notifier_block *nb);
+extern int bus_unregister_notifier(struct bus_type *bus,
+				   struct notifier_block *nb);
+
+/* All 4 notifers below get called with the target struct device *
+ * as an argument. Note that those functions are likely to be called
+ * with the device lock held in the core, so be careful.
+ */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE		0x00000001 /* device added */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_DEL_DEVICE		0x00000002 /* device to be removed */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_REMOVED_DEVICE	0x00000003 /* device removed */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_BIND_DRIVER		0x00000004 /* driver about to be
+						      bound */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_BOUND_DRIVER		0x00000005 /* driver bound to device */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_UNBIND_DRIVER	0x00000006 /* driver about to be
+						      unbound */
+#define BUS_NOTIFY_UNBOUND_DRIVER	0x00000007 /* driver is unbound
+						      from the device */
+
+extern struct kset *bus_get_kset(struct bus_type *bus);
+extern struct klist *bus_get_device_klist(struct bus_type *bus);
+
+/**
+ * struct device_driver - The basic device driver structure
+ * @name:	Name of the device driver.
+ * @bus:	The bus which the device of this driver belongs to.
+ * @owner:	The module owner.
+ * @mod_name:	Used for built-in modules.
+ * @suppress_bind_attrs: Disables bind/unbind via sysfs.
+ * @of_match_table: The open firmware table.
+ * @acpi_match_table: The ACPI match table.
+ * @probe:	Called to query the existence of a specific device,
+ *		whether this driver can work with it, and bind the driver
+ *		to a specific device.
+ * @remove:	Called when the device is removed from the system to
+ *		unbind a device from this driver.
+ * @shutdown:	Called at shut-down time to quiesce the device.
+ * @suspend:	Called to put the device to sleep mode. Usually to a
+ *		low power state.
+ * @resume:	Called to bring a device from sleep mode.
+ * @groups:	Default attributes that get created by the driver core
+ *		automatically.
+ * @pm:		Power management operations of the device which matched
+ *		this driver.
+ * @p:		Driver core's private data, no one other than the driver
+ *		core can touch this.
+ *
+ * The device driver-model tracks all of the drivers known to the system.
+ * The main reason for this tracking is to enable the driver core to match
+ * up drivers with new devices. Once drivers are known objects within the
+ * system, however, a number of other things become possible. Device drivers
+ * can export information and configuration variables that are independent
+ * of any specific device.
+ */
+struct device_driver {
+	const char		*name;
+	struct bus_type		*bus;
+
+	struct module		*owner;
+	const char		*mod_name;	/* used for built-in modules */
+
+	bool suppress_bind_attrs;	/* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */
+
+	const struct of_device_id	*of_match_table;
+	const struct acpi_device_id	*acpi_match_table;
+
+	int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
+	int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
+	void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
+	int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
+	int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
+	const struct attribute_group **groups;
+
+	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
+
+	struct driver_private *p;
+};
+
+
+extern int __must_check driver_register(struct device_driver *drv);
+extern void driver_unregister(struct device_driver *drv);
+
+extern struct device_driver *driver_find(const char *name,
+					 struct bus_type *bus);
+extern int driver_probe_done(void);
+extern void wait_for_device_probe(void);
+
+
+/* sysfs interface for exporting driver attributes */
+
+struct driver_attribute {
+	struct attribute attr;
+	ssize_t (*show)(struct device_driver *driver, char *buf);
+	ssize_t (*store)(struct device_driver *driver, const char *buf,
+			 size_t count);
+};
+
+#define DRIVER_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
+	struct driver_attribute driver_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
+#define DRIVER_ATTR_RW(_name) \
+	struct driver_attribute driver_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RW(_name)
+#define DRIVER_ATTR_RO(_name) \
+	struct driver_attribute driver_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RO(_name)
+#define DRIVER_ATTR_WO(_name) \
+	struct driver_attribute driver_attr_##_name = __ATTR_WO(_name)
+
+extern int __must_check driver_create_file(struct device_driver *driver,
+					const struct driver_attribute *attr);
+extern void driver_remove_file(struct device_driver *driver,
+			       const struct driver_attribute *attr);
+
+extern int __must_check driver_for_each_device(struct device_driver *drv,
+					       struct device *start,
+					       void *data,
+					       int (*fn)(struct device *dev,
+							 void *));
+struct device *driver_find_device(struct device_driver *drv,
+				  struct device *start, void *data,
+				  int (*match)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+
+/**
+ * struct subsys_interface - interfaces to device functions
+ * @name:       name of the device function
+ * @subsys:     subsytem of the devices to attach to
+ * @node:       the list of functions registered at the subsystem
+ * @add_dev:    device hookup to device function handler
+ * @remove_dev: device hookup to device function handler
+ *
+ * Simple interfaces attached to a subsystem. Multiple interfaces can
+ * attach to a subsystem and its devices. Unlike drivers, they do not
+ * exclusively claim or control devices. Interfaces usually represent
+ * a specific functionality of a subsystem/class of devices.
+ */
+struct subsys_interface {
+	const char *name;
+	struct bus_type *subsys;
+	struct list_head node;
+	int (*add_dev)(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif);
+	int (*remove_dev)(struct device *dev, struct subsys_interface *sif);
+};
+
+int subsys_interface_register(struct subsys_interface *sif);
+void subsys_interface_unregister(struct subsys_interface *sif);
+
+int subsys_system_register(struct bus_type *subsys,
+			   const struct attribute_group **groups);
+int subsys_virtual_register(struct bus_type *subsys,
+			    const struct attribute_group **groups);
+
+/**
+ * struct class - device classes
+ * @name:	Name of the class.
+ * @owner:	The module owner.
+ * @class_attrs: Default attributes of this class.
+ * @dev_groups:	Default attributes of the devices that belong to the class.
+ * @dev_kobj:	The kobject that represents this class and links it into the hierarchy.
+ * @dev_uevent:	Called when a device is added, removed from this class, or a
+ *		few other things that generate uevents to add the environment
+ *		variables.
+ * @devnode:	Callback to provide the devtmpfs.
+ * @class_release: Called to release this class.
+ * @dev_release: Called to release the device.
+ * @suspend:	Used to put the device to sleep mode, usually to a low power
+ *		state.
+ * @resume:	Used to bring the device from the sleep mode.
+ * @ns_type:	Callbacks so sysfs can detemine namespaces.
+ * @namespace:	Namespace of the device belongs to this class.
+ * @pm:		The default device power management operations of this class.
+ * @p:		The private data of the driver core, no one other than the
+ *		driver core can touch this.
+ *
+ * A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level
+ * implementation details. Drivers may see a SCSI disk or an ATA disk, but,
+ * at the class level, they are all simply disks. Classes allow user space
+ * to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are
+ * connected or how they work.
+ */
+struct class {
+	const char		*name;
+	struct module		*owner;
+
+	struct class_attribute		*class_attrs;
+	const struct attribute_group	**dev_groups;
+	struct kobject			*dev_kobj;
+
+	int (*dev_uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
+	char *(*devnode)(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode);
+
+	void (*class_release)(struct class *class);
+	void (*dev_release)(struct device *dev);
+
+	int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
+	int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
+
+	const struct kobj_ns_type_operations *ns_type;
+	const void *(*namespace)(struct device *dev);
+
+	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
+
+	struct subsys_private *p;
+};
+
+struct class_dev_iter {
+	struct klist_iter		ki;
+	const struct device_type	*type;
+};
+
+extern struct kobject *sysfs_dev_block_kobj;
+extern struct kobject *sysfs_dev_char_kobj;
+extern int __must_check __class_register(struct class *class,
+					 struct lock_class_key *key);
+extern void class_unregister(struct class *class);
+
+/* This is a #define to keep the compiler from merging different
+ * instances of the __key variable */
+#define class_register(class)			\
+({						\
+	static struct lock_class_key __key;	\
+	__class_register(class, &__key);	\
+})
+
+struct class_compat;
+struct class_compat *class_compat_register(const char *name);
+void class_compat_unregister(struct class_compat *cls);
+int class_compat_create_link(struct class_compat *cls, struct device *dev,
+			     struct device *device_link);
+void class_compat_remove_link(struct class_compat *cls, struct device *dev,
+			      struct device *device_link);
+
+extern void class_dev_iter_init(struct class_dev_iter *iter,
+				struct class *class,
+				struct device *start,
+				const struct device_type *type);
+extern struct device *class_dev_iter_next(struct class_dev_iter *iter);
+extern void class_dev_iter_exit(struct class_dev_iter *iter);
+
+extern int class_for_each_device(struct class *class, struct device *start,
+				 void *data,
+				 int (*fn)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+extern struct device *class_find_device(struct class *class,
+					struct device *start, const void *data,
+					int (*match)(struct device *, const void *));
+
+struct class_attribute {
+	struct attribute attr;
+	ssize_t (*show)(struct class *class, struct class_attribute *attr,
+			char *buf);
+	ssize_t (*store)(struct class *class, struct class_attribute *attr,
+			const char *buf, size_t count);
+};
+
+#define CLASS_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
+	struct class_attribute class_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
+#define CLASS_ATTR_RW(_name) \
+	struct class_attribute class_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RW(_name)
+#define CLASS_ATTR_RO(_name) \
+	struct class_attribute class_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RO(_name)
+
+extern int __must_check class_create_file_ns(struct class *class,
+					     const struct class_attribute *attr,
+					     const void *ns);
+extern void class_remove_file_ns(struct class *class,
+				 const struct class_attribute *attr,
+				 const void *ns);
+
+static inline int __must_check class_create_file(struct class *class,
+					const struct class_attribute *attr)
+{
+	return class_create_file_ns(class, attr, NULL);
+}
+
+static inline void class_remove_file(struct class *class,
+				     const struct class_attribute *attr)
+{
+	return class_remove_file_ns(class, attr, NULL);
+}
+
+/* Simple class attribute that is just a static string */
+struct class_attribute_string {
+	struct class_attribute attr;
+	char *str;
+};
+
+/* Currently read-only only */
+#define _CLASS_ATTR_STRING(_name, _mode, _str) \
+	{ __ATTR(_name, _mode, show_class_attr_string, NULL), _str }
+#define CLASS_ATTR_STRING(_name, _mode, _str) \
+	struct class_attribute_string class_attr_##_name = \
+		_CLASS_ATTR_STRING(_name, _mode, _str)
+
+extern ssize_t show_class_attr_string(struct class *class, struct class_attribute *attr,
+                        char *buf);
+
+struct class_interface {
+	struct list_head	node;
+	struct class		*class;
+
+	int (*add_dev)		(struct device *, struct class_interface *);
+	void (*remove_dev)	(struct device *, struct class_interface *);
+};
+
+extern int __must_check class_interface_register(struct class_interface *);
+extern void class_interface_unregister(struct class_interface *);
+
+extern struct class * __must_check __class_create(struct module *owner,
+						  const char *name,
+						  struct lock_class_key *key);
+extern void class_destroy(struct class *cls);
+
+/* This is a #define to keep the compiler from merging different
+ * instances of the __key variable */
+#define class_create(owner, name)		\
+({						\
+	static struct lock_class_key __key;	\
+	__class_create(owner, name, &__key);	\
+})
+
+/*
+ * The type of device, "struct device" is embedded in. A class
+ * or bus can contain devices of different types
+ * like "partitions" and "disks", "mouse" and "event".
+ * This identifies the device type and carries type-specific
+ * information, equivalent to the kobj_type of a kobject.
+ * If "name" is specified, the uevent will contain it in
+ * the DEVTYPE variable.
+ */
+struct device_type {
+	const char *name;
+	const struct attribute_group **groups;
+	int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
+	char *(*devnode)(struct device *dev, umode_t *mode,
+			 kuid_t *uid, kgid_t *gid);
+	void (*release)(struct device *dev);
+
+	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
+};
+
+/* interface for exporting device attributes */
+struct device_attribute {
+	struct attribute	attr;
+	ssize_t (*show)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			char *buf);
+	ssize_t (*store)(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			 const char *buf, size_t count);
+};
+
+struct dev_ext_attribute {
+	struct device_attribute attr;
+	void *var;
+};
+
+ssize_t device_show_ulong(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			  char *buf);
+ssize_t device_store_ulong(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			   const char *buf, size_t count);
+ssize_t device_show_int(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			char *buf);
+ssize_t device_store_int(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			 const char *buf, size_t count);
+ssize_t device_show_bool(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			char *buf);
+ssize_t device_store_bool(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
+			 const char *buf, size_t count);
+
+#define DEVICE_ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
+	struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
+#define DEVICE_ATTR_RW(_name) \
+	struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RW(_name)
+#define DEVICE_ATTR_RO(_name) \
+	struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR_RO(_name)
+#define DEVICE_ATTR_WO(_name) \
+	struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name = __ATTR_WO(_name)
+#define DEVICE_ULONG_ATTR(_name, _mode, _var) \
+	struct dev_ext_attribute dev_attr_##_name = \
+		{ __ATTR(_name, _mode, device_show_ulong, device_store_ulong), &(_var) }
+#define DEVICE_INT_ATTR(_name, _mode, _var) \
+	struct dev_ext_attribute dev_attr_##_name = \
+		{ __ATTR(_name, _mode, device_show_int, device_store_int), &(_var) }
+#define DEVICE_BOOL_ATTR(_name, _mode, _var) \
+	struct dev_ext_attribute dev_attr_##_name = \
+		{ __ATTR(_name, _mode, device_show_bool, device_store_bool), &(_var) }
+#define DEVICE_ATTR_IGNORE_LOCKDEP(_name, _mode, _show, _store) \
+	struct device_attribute dev_attr_##_name =		\
+		__ATTR_IGNORE_LOCKDEP(_name, _mode, _show, _store)
+
+extern int device_create_file(struct device *device,
+			      const struct device_attribute *entry);
+extern void device_remove_file(struct device *dev,
+			       const struct device_attribute *attr);
+extern bool device_remove_file_self(struct device *dev,
+				    const struct device_attribute *attr);
+extern int __must_check device_create_bin_file(struct device *dev,
+					const struct bin_attribute *attr);
+extern void device_remove_bin_file(struct device *dev,
+				   const struct bin_attribute *attr);
+
+/* device resource management */
+typedef void (*dr_release_t)(struct device *dev, void *res);
+typedef int (*dr_match_t)(struct device *dev, void *res, void *match_data);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_DEVRES
+extern void *__devres_alloc(dr_release_t release, size_t size, gfp_t gfp,
+			     const char *name);
+#define devres_alloc(release, size, gfp) \
+	__devres_alloc(release, size, gfp, #release)
+#else
+extern void *devres_alloc(dr_release_t release, size_t size, gfp_t gfp);
+#endif
+extern void devres_for_each_res(struct device *dev, dr_release_t release,
+				dr_match_t match, void *match_data,
+				void (*fn)(struct device *, void *, void *),
+				void *data);
+extern void devres_free(void *res);
+extern void devres_add(struct device *dev, void *res);
+extern void *devres_find(struct device *dev, dr_release_t release,
+			 dr_match_t match, void *match_data);
+extern void *devres_get(struct device *dev, void *new_res,
+			dr_match_t match, void *match_data);
+extern void *devres_remove(struct device *dev, dr_release_t release,
+			   dr_match_t match, void *match_data);
+extern int devres_destroy(struct device *dev, dr_release_t release,
+			  dr_match_t match, void *match_data);
+extern int devres_release(struct device *dev, dr_release_t release,
+			  dr_match_t match, void *match_data);
+
+/* devres group */
+extern void * __must_check devres_open_group(struct device *dev, void *id,
+					     gfp_t gfp);
+extern void devres_close_group(struct device *dev, void *id);
+extern void devres_remove_group(struct device *dev, void *id);
+extern int devres_release_group(struct device *dev, void *id);
+
+/* managed devm_k.alloc/kfree for device drivers */
+extern void *devm_kmalloc(struct device *dev, size_t size, gfp_t gfp);
+extern char *devm_kvasprintf(struct device *dev, gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt,
+			     va_list ap);
+extern __printf(3, 4)
+char *devm_kasprintf(struct device *dev, gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, ...);
+static inline void *devm_kzalloc(struct device *dev, size_t size, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	return devm_kmalloc(dev, size, gfp | __GFP_ZERO);
+}
+static inline void *devm_kmalloc_array(struct device *dev,
+				       size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+	if (size != 0 && n > SIZE_MAX / size)
+		return NULL;
+	return devm_kmalloc(dev, n * size, flags);
+}
+static inline void *devm_kcalloc(struct device *dev,
+				 size_t n, size_t size, gfp_t flags)
+{
+	return devm_kmalloc_array(dev, n, size, flags | __GFP_ZERO);
+}
+extern void devm_kfree(struct device *dev, void *p);
+extern char *devm_kstrdup(struct device *dev, const char *s, gfp_t gfp);
+extern void *devm_kmemdup(struct device *dev, const void *src, size_t len,
+			  gfp_t gfp);
+
+extern unsigned long devm_get_free_pages(struct device *dev,
+					 gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order);
+extern void devm_free_pages(struct device *dev, unsigned long addr);
+
+void __iomem *devm_ioremap_resource(struct device *dev, struct resource *res);
+
+/* allows to add/remove a custom action to devres stack */
+int devm_add_action(struct device *dev, void (*action)(void *), void *data);
+void devm_remove_action(struct device *dev, void (*action)(void *), void *data);
+
+struct device_dma_parameters {
+	/*
+	 * a low level driver may set these to teach IOMMU code about
+	 * sg limitations.
+	 */
+	unsigned int max_segment_size;
+	unsigned long segment_boundary_mask;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct device - The basic device structure
+ * @parent:	The device's "parent" device, the device to which it is attached.
+ * 		In most cases, a parent device is some sort of bus or host
+ * 		controller. If parent is NULL, the device, is a top-level device,
+ * 		which is not usually what you want.
+ * @p:		Holds the private data of the driver core portions of the device.
+ * 		See the comment of the struct device_private for detail.
+ * @kobj:	A top-level, abstract class from which other classes are derived.
+ * @init_name:	Initial name of the device.
+ * @type:	The type of device.
+ * 		This identifies the device type and carries type-specific
+ * 		information.
+ * @mutex:	Mutex to synchronize calls to its driver.
+ * @bus:	Type of bus device is on.
+ * @driver:	Which driver has allocated this
+ * @platform_data: Platform data specific to the device.
+ * 		Example: For devices on custom boards, as typical of embedded
+ * 		and SOC based hardware, Linux often uses platform_data to point
+ * 		to board-specific structures describing devices and how they
+ * 		are wired.  That can include what ports are available, chip
+ * 		variants, which GPIO pins act in what additional roles, and so
+ * 		on.  This shrinks the "Board Support Packages" (BSPs) and
+ * 		minimizes board-specific #ifdefs in drivers.
+ * @driver_data: Private pointer for driver specific info.
+ * @power:	For device power management.
+ * 		See Documentation/power/devices.txt for details.
+ * @pm_domain:	Provide callbacks that are executed during system suspend,
+ * 		hibernation, system resume and during runtime PM transitions
+ * 		along with subsystem-level and driver-level callbacks.
+ * @pins:	For device pin management.
+ *		See Documentation/pinctrl.txt for details.
+ * @numa_node:	NUMA node this device is close to.
+ * @dma_mask:	Dma mask (if dma'ble device).
+ * @coherent_dma_mask: Like dma_mask, but for alloc_coherent mapping as not all
+ * 		hardware supports 64-bit addresses for consistent allocations
+ * 		such descriptors.
+ * @dma_pfn_offset: offset of DMA memory range relatively of RAM
+ * @dma_parms:	A low level driver may set these to teach IOMMU code about
+ * 		segment limitations.
+ * @dma_pools:	Dma pools (if dma'ble device).
+ * @dma_mem:	Internal for coherent mem override.
+ * @cma_area:	Contiguous memory area for dma allocations
+ * @archdata:	For arch-specific additions.
+ * @of_node:	Associated device tree node.
+ * @fwnode:	Associated device node supplied by platform firmware.
+ * @devt:	For creating the sysfs "dev".
+ * @id:		device instance
+ * @devres_lock: Spinlock to protect the resource of the device.
+ * @devres_head: The resources list of the device.
+ * @knode_class: The node used to add the device to the class list.
+ * @class:	The class of the device.
+ * @groups:	Optional attribute groups.
+ * @release:	Callback to free the device after all references have
+ * 		gone away. This should be set by the allocator of the
+ * 		device (i.e. the bus driver that discovered the device).
+ * @iommu_group: IOMMU group the device belongs to.
+ *
+ * @offline_disabled: If set, the device is permanently online.
+ * @offline:	Set after successful invocation of bus type's .offline().
+ *
+ * At the lowest level, every device in a Linux system is represented by an
+ * instance of struct device. The device structure contains the information
+ * that the device model core needs to model the system. Most subsystems,
+ * however, track additional information about the devices they host. As a
+ * result, it is rare for devices to be represented by bare device structures;
+ * instead, that structure, like kobject structures, is usually embedded within
+ * a higher-level representation of the device.
+ */
+struct device {
+	struct device		*parent;
+
+	struct device_private	*p;
+
+	struct kobject kobj;
+	const char		*init_name; /* initial name of the device */
+	const struct device_type *type;
+
+	struct mutex		mutex;	/* mutex to synchronize calls to
+					 * its driver.
+					 */
+
+	struct bus_type	*bus;		/* type of bus device is on */
+	struct device_driver *driver;	/* which driver has allocated this
+					   device */
+	void		*platform_data;	/* Platform specific data, device
+					   core doesn't touch it */
+	void		*driver_data;	/* Driver data, set and get with
+					   dev_set/get_drvdata */
+	struct dev_pm_info	power;
+	struct dev_pm_domain	*pm_domain;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL
+	struct dev_pin_info	*pins;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+	int		numa_node;	/* NUMA node this device is close to */
+#endif
+	u64		*dma_mask;	/* dma mask (if dma'able device) */
+	u64		coherent_dma_mask;/* Like dma_mask, but for
+					     alloc_coherent mappings as
+					     not all hardware supports
+					     64 bit addresses for consistent
+					     allocations such descriptors. */
+	unsigned long	dma_pfn_offset;
+
+	struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;
+
+	struct list_head	dma_pools;	/* dma pools (if dma'ble) */
+
+	struct dma_coherent_mem	*dma_mem; /* internal for coherent mem
+					     override */
+#ifdef CONFIG_DMA_CMA
+	struct cma *cma_area;		/* contiguous memory area for dma
+					   allocations */
+#endif
+	/* arch specific additions */
+	struct dev_archdata	archdata;
+
+	struct device_node	*of_node; /* associated device tree node */
+	struct fwnode_handle	*fwnode; /* firmware device node */
+
+	dev_t			devt;	/* dev_t, creates the sysfs "dev" */
+	u32			id;	/* device instance */
+
+	spinlock_t		devres_lock;
+	struct list_head	devres_head;
+
+	struct klist_node	knode_class;
+	struct class		*class;
+	const struct attribute_group **groups;	/* optional groups */
+
+	void	(*release)(struct device *dev);
+	struct iommu_group	*iommu_group;
+
+	bool			offline_disabled:1;
+	bool			offline:1;
+};
+
+static inline struct device *kobj_to_dev(struct kobject *kobj)
+{
+	return container_of(kobj, struct device, kobj);
+}
+
+/* Get the wakeup routines, which depend on struct device */
+#include <linux/pm_wakeup.h>
+
+static inline const char *dev_name(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	/* Use the init name until the kobject becomes available */
+	if (dev->init_name)
+		return dev->init_name;
+
+	return kobject_name(&dev->kobj);
+}
+
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+int dev_set_name(struct device *dev, const char *name, ...);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
+static inline int dev_to_node(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->numa_node;
+}
+static inline void set_dev_node(struct device *dev, int node)
+{
+	dev->numa_node = node;
+}
+#else
+static inline int dev_to_node(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return -1;
+}
+static inline void set_dev_node(struct device *dev, int node)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+static inline void *dev_get_drvdata(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->driver_data;
+}
+
+static inline void dev_set_drvdata(struct device *dev, void *data)
+{
+	dev->driver_data = data;
+}
+
+static inline struct pm_subsys_data *dev_to_psd(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev ? dev->power.subsys_data : NULL;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned int dev_get_uevent_suppress(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->kobj.uevent_suppress;
+}
+
+static inline void dev_set_uevent_suppress(struct device *dev, int val)
+{
+	dev->kobj.uevent_suppress = val;
+}
+
+static inline int device_is_registered(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->kobj.state_in_sysfs;
+}
+
+static inline void device_enable_async_suspend(struct device *dev)
+{
+	if (!dev->power.is_prepared)
+		dev->power.async_suspend = true;
+}
+
+static inline void device_disable_async_suspend(struct device *dev)
+{
+	if (!dev->power.is_prepared)
+		dev->power.async_suspend = false;
+}
+
+static inline bool device_async_suspend_enabled(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return !!dev->power.async_suspend;
+}
+
+static inline void pm_suspend_ignore_children(struct device *dev, bool enable)
+{
+	dev->power.ignore_children = enable;
+}
+
+static inline void dev_pm_syscore_device(struct device *dev, bool val)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+	dev->power.syscore = val;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void device_lock(struct device *dev)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
+}
+
+static inline int device_trylock(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return mutex_trylock(&dev->mutex);
+}
+
+static inline void device_unlock(struct device *dev)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
+}
+
+static inline void device_lock_assert(struct device *dev)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&dev->mutex);
+}
+
+static inline struct device_node *dev_of_node(struct device *dev)
+{
+	if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF))
+		return NULL;
+	return dev->of_node;
+}
+
+void driver_init(void);
+
+/*
+ * High level routines for use by the bus drivers
+ */
+extern int __must_check device_register(struct device *dev);
+extern void device_unregister(struct device *dev);
+extern void device_initialize(struct device *dev);
+extern int __must_check device_add(struct device *dev);
+extern void device_del(struct device *dev);
+extern int device_for_each_child(struct device *dev, void *data,
+		     int (*fn)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+extern struct device *device_find_child(struct device *dev, void *data,
+				int (*match)(struct device *dev, void *data));
+extern int device_rename(struct device *dev, const char *new_name);
+extern int device_move(struct device *dev, struct device *new_parent,
+		       enum dpm_order dpm_order);
+extern const char *device_get_devnode(struct device *dev,
+				      umode_t *mode, kuid_t *uid, kgid_t *gid,
+				      const char **tmp);
+
+static inline bool device_supports_offline(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->bus && dev->bus->offline && dev->bus->online;
+}
+
+extern void lock_device_hotplug(void);
+extern void unlock_device_hotplug(void);
+extern int lock_device_hotplug_sysfs(void);
+extern int device_offline(struct device *dev);
+extern int device_online(struct device *dev);
+extern void set_primary_fwnode(struct device *dev, struct fwnode_handle *fwnode);
+extern void set_secondary_fwnode(struct device *dev, struct fwnode_handle *fwnode);
+
+/*
+ * Root device objects for grouping under /sys/devices
+ */
+extern struct device *__root_device_register(const char *name,
+					     struct module *owner);
+
+/* This is a macro to avoid include problems with THIS_MODULE */
+#define root_device_register(name) \
+	__root_device_register(name, THIS_MODULE)
+
+extern void root_device_unregister(struct device *root);
+
+static inline void *dev_get_platdata(const struct device *dev)
+{
+	return dev->platform_data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Manual binding of a device to driver. See drivers/base/bus.c
+ * for information on use.
+ */
+extern int __must_check device_bind_driver(struct device *dev);
+extern void device_release_driver(struct device *dev);
+extern int  __must_check device_attach(struct device *dev);
+extern int __must_check driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv);
+extern int __must_check device_reprobe(struct device *dev);
+
+/*
+ * Easy functions for dynamically creating devices on the fly
+ */
+extern struct device *device_create_vargs(struct class *cls,
+					  struct device *parent,
+					  dev_t devt,
+					  void *drvdata,
+					  const char *fmt,
+					  va_list vargs);
+extern __printf(5, 6)
+struct device *device_create(struct class *cls, struct device *parent,
+			     dev_t devt, void *drvdata,
+			     const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(6, 7)
+struct device *device_create_with_groups(struct class *cls,
+			     struct device *parent, dev_t devt, void *drvdata,
+			     const struct attribute_group **groups,
+			     const char *fmt, ...);
+extern void device_destroy(struct class *cls, dev_t devt);
+
+/*
+ * Platform "fixup" functions - allow the platform to have their say
+ * about devices and actions that the general device layer doesn't
+ * know about.
+ */
+/* Notify platform of device discovery */
+extern int (*platform_notify)(struct device *dev);
+
+extern int (*platform_notify_remove)(struct device *dev);
+
+
+/*
+ * get_device - atomically increment the reference count for the device.
+ *
+ */
+extern struct device *get_device(struct device *dev);
+extern void put_device(struct device *dev);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEVTMPFS
+extern int devtmpfs_create_node(struct device *dev);
+extern int devtmpfs_delete_node(struct device *dev);
+extern int devtmpfs_mount(const char *mntdir);
+#else
+static inline int devtmpfs_create_node(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
+static inline int devtmpfs_delete_node(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
+static inline int devtmpfs_mount(const char *mountpoint) { return 0; }
+#endif
+
+/* drivers/base/power/shutdown.c */
+extern void device_shutdown(void);
+
+/* debugging and troubleshooting/diagnostic helpers. */
+extern const char *dev_driver_string(const struct device *dev);
+
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+
+extern __printf(3, 0)
+int dev_vprintk_emit(int level, const struct device *dev,
+		     const char *fmt, va_list args);
+extern __printf(3, 4)
+int dev_printk_emit(int level, const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+extern __printf(3, 4)
+void dev_printk(const char *level, const struct device *dev,
+		const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_emerg(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_alert(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_crit(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_err(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_warn(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_notice(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern __printf(2, 3)
+void _dev_info(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+#else
+
+static inline __printf(3, 0)
+int dev_vprintk_emit(int level, const struct device *dev,
+		     const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{ return 0; }
+static inline __printf(3, 4)
+int dev_printk_emit(int level, const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{ return 0; }
+
+static inline void __dev_printk(const char *level, const struct device *dev,
+				struct va_format *vaf)
+{}
+static inline __printf(3, 4)
+void dev_printk(const char *level, const struct device *dev,
+		const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_emerg(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_crit(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_alert(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_err(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_warn(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void dev_notice(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void _dev_info(const struct device *dev, const char *fmt, ...)
+{}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Stupid hackaround for existing uses of non-printk uses dev_info
+ *
+ * Note that the definition of dev_info below is actually _dev_info
+ * and a macro is used to avoid redefining dev_info
+ */
+
+#define dev_info(dev, fmt, arg...) _dev_info(dev, fmt, ##arg)
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)
+#define dev_dbg(dev, format, ...)		     \
+do {						     \
+	dynamic_dev_dbg(dev, format, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} while (0)
+#elif defined(DEBUG)
+#define dev_dbg(dev, format, arg...)		\
+	dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, dev, format, ##arg)
+#else
+#define dev_dbg(dev, format, arg...)				\
+({								\
+	if (0)							\
+		dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, dev, format, ##arg);	\
+})
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+#define dev_level_once(dev_level, dev, fmt, ...)			\
+do {									\
+	static bool __print_once __read_mostly;				\
+									\
+	if (!__print_once) {						\
+		__print_once = true;					\
+		dev_level(dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
+	}								\
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define dev_level_once(dev_level, dev, fmt, ...)			\
+do {									\
+	if (0)								\
+		dev_level(dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
+} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#define dev_emerg_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_emerg, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_alert_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_alert, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_crit_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_crit, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_err_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_err, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_warn_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_warn, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_notice_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_notice, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_info_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_info, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_dbg_once(dev, fmt, ...)					\
+	dev_level_once(dev_dbg, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define dev_level_ratelimited(dev_level, dev, fmt, ...)			\
+do {									\
+	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(_rs,				\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,	\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);		\
+	if (__ratelimit(&_rs))						\
+		dev_level(dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
+} while (0)
+
+#define dev_emerg_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_emerg, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_alert_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_alert, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_crit_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_crit, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_err_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_err, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_warn_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_warn, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_notice_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_notice, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dev_info_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+	dev_level_ratelimited(dev_info, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG)
+/* descriptor check is first to prevent flooding with "callbacks suppressed" */
+#define dev_dbg_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+do {									\
+	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(_rs,				\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,	\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);		\
+	DEFINE_DYNAMIC_DEBUG_METADATA(descriptor, fmt);			\
+	if (unlikely(descriptor.flags & _DPRINTK_FLAGS_PRINT) &&	\
+	    __ratelimit(&_rs))						\
+		__dynamic_dev_dbg(&descriptor, dev, fmt,		\
+				  ##__VA_ARGS__);			\
+} while (0)
+#elif defined(DEBUG)
+#define dev_dbg_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)				\
+do {									\
+	static DEFINE_RATELIMIT_STATE(_rs,				\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,	\
+				      DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);		\
+	if (__ratelimit(&_rs))						\
+		dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, dev, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+} while (0)
+#else
+#define dev_dbg_ratelimited(dev, fmt, ...)			\
+	no_printk(KERN_DEBUG pr_fmt(fmt), ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef VERBOSE_DEBUG
+#define dev_vdbg	dev_dbg
+#else
+#define dev_vdbg(dev, format, arg...)				\
+({								\
+	if (0)							\
+		dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, dev, format, ##arg);	\
+})
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * dev_WARN*() acts like dev_printk(), but with the key difference of
+ * using WARN/WARN_ONCE to include file/line information and a backtrace.
+ */
+#define dev_WARN(dev, format, arg...) \
+	WARN(1, "%s %s: " format, dev_driver_string(dev), dev_name(dev), ## arg);
+
+#define dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, condition, format, arg...) \
+	WARN_ONCE(condition, "%s %s: " format, \
+			dev_driver_string(dev), dev_name(dev), ## arg)
+
+/* Create alias, so I can be autoloaded. */
+#define MODULE_ALIAS_CHARDEV(major,minor) \
+	MODULE_ALIAS("char-major-" __stringify(major) "-" __stringify(minor))
+#define MODULE_ALIAS_CHARDEV_MAJOR(major) \
+	MODULE_ALIAS("char-major-" __stringify(major) "-*")
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
+extern long sysfs_deprecated;
+#else
+#define sysfs_deprecated 0
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * module_driver() - Helper macro for drivers that don't do anything
+ * special in module init/exit. This eliminates a lot of boilerplate.
+ * Each module may only use this macro once, and calling it replaces
+ * module_init() and module_exit().
+ *
+ * @__driver: driver name
+ * @__register: register function for this driver type
+ * @__unregister: unregister function for this driver type
+ * @...: Additional arguments to be passed to __register and __unregister.
+ *
+ * Use this macro to construct bus specific macros for registering
+ * drivers, and do not use it on its own.
+ */
+#define module_driver(__driver, __register, __unregister, ...) \
+static int __init __driver##_init(void) \
+{ \
+	return __register(&(__driver) , ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} \
+module_init(__driver##_init); \
+static void __exit __driver##_exit(void) \
+{ \
+	__unregister(&(__driver) , ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+} \
+module_exit(__driver##_exit);
+
+#endif /* _DEVICE_H_ */