Linux-libre 4.7.1-gnupck-4.7.1-gnu

24 files changed, 859 insertions, 581 deletions

diff --git a/sound/firewire/Kconfig b/sound/firewire/Kconfig
index 2a779c2f6..ab894ed1f 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/Kconfig
+++ b/sound/firewire/Kconfig
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ config SND_FIREWIRE_TASCAM
 	 Say Y here to include support for TASCAM.
 	  * FW-1884
 	  * FW-1082
+	  * FW-1804
 
 	 To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
 	 will be called snd-firewire-tascam.
diff --git a/sound/firewire/Makefile b/sound/firewire/Makefile
index 003c09029..0ee1fb115 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/Makefile
+++ b/sound/firewire/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+# To find a header included by define_trace.h.
+CFLAGS_amdtp-stream.o	:= -I$(src)
+
 snd-firewire-lib-objs := lib.o iso-resources.o packets-buffer.o \
 			 fcp.o cmp.o amdtp-stream.o amdtp-am824.o
 snd-isight-objs := isight.o
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9c04faf20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream-trace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * amdtp-stream-trace.h - tracepoint definitions to dump a part of packet data
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 Takashi Sakamoto
+ * Licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.
+ */
+
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM		snd_firewire_lib
+
+#if !defined(_AMDTP_STREAM_TRACE_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _AMDTP_STREAM_TRACE_H
+
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+TRACE_EVENT(in_packet,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, u32 cip_header[2], unsigned int payload_quadlets, unsigned int index),
+	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, cip_header, payload_quadlets, index),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(unsigned int, second)
+		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
+		__field(int, channel)
+		__field(int, src)
+		__field(int, dest)
+		__field(u32, cip_header0)
+		__field(u32, cip_header1)
+		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
+		__field(unsigned int, packet_index)
+		__field(unsigned int, irq)
+		__field(unsigned int, index)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
+		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		__entry->cip_header0 = cip_header[0];
+		__entry->cip_header1 = cip_header[1];
+		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_quadlets;
+		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
+		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
+		__entry->index = index;
+	),
+	TP_printk(
+		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %08x %08x %03u %02u %01u %02u",
+		__entry->second,
+		__entry->cycle,
+		__entry->src,
+		__entry->dest,
+		__entry->channel,
+		__entry->cip_header0,
+		__entry->cip_header1,
+		__entry->payload_quadlets,
+		__entry->packet_index,
+		__entry->irq,
+		__entry->index)
+);
+
+TRACE_EVENT(out_packet,
+	TP_PROTO(const struct amdtp_stream *s, u32 cycles, __be32 *cip_header, unsigned int payload_length, unsigned int index),
+	TP_ARGS(s, cycles, cip_header, payload_length, index),
+	TP_STRUCT__entry(
+		__field(unsigned int, second)
+		__field(unsigned int, cycle)
+		__field(int, channel)
+		__field(int, src)
+		__field(int, dest)
+		__field(u32, cip_header0)
+		__field(u32, cip_header1)
+		__field(unsigned int, payload_quadlets)
+		__field(unsigned int, packet_index)
+		__field(unsigned int, irq)
+		__field(unsigned int, index)
+	),
+	TP_fast_assign(
+		__entry->second = cycles / CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+		__entry->cycle = cycles % CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+		__entry->channel = s->context->channel;
+		__entry->src = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->card->node_id;
+		__entry->dest = fw_parent_device(s->unit)->node_id;
+		__entry->cip_header0 = be32_to_cpu(cip_header[0]);
+		__entry->cip_header1 = be32_to_cpu(cip_header[1]);
+		__entry->payload_quadlets = payload_length / 4;
+		__entry->packet_index = s->packet_index;
+		__entry->irq = !!in_interrupt();
+		__entry->index = index;
+	),
+	TP_printk(
+		"%02u %04u %04x %04x %02d %08x %08x %03u %02u %01u %02u",
+		__entry->second,
+		__entry->cycle,
+		__entry->src,
+		__entry->dest,
+		__entry->channel,
+		__entry->cip_header0,
+		__entry->cip_header1,
+		__entry->payload_quadlets,
+		__entry->packet_index,
+		__entry->irq,
+		__entry->index)
+);
+
+#endif
+
+#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH
+#define TRACE_INCLUDE_PATH	.
+#undef TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE
+#define TRACE_INCLUDE_FILE	amdtp-stream-trace
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
index ed2902609..00060c4a9 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.c
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 #define CYCLES_PER_SECOND	8000
 #define TICKS_PER_SECOND	(TICKS_PER_CYCLE * CYCLES_PER_SECOND)
 
+/* Always support Linux tracing subsystem. */
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include "amdtp-stream-trace.h"
+
 #define TRANSFER_DELAY_TICKS	0x2e00 /* 479.17 microseconds */
 
 /* isochronous header parameters */
@@ -87,7 +91,6 @@ int amdtp_stream_init(struct amdtp_stream *s, struct fw_unit *unit,
 
 	init_waitqueue_head(&s->callback_wait);
 	s->callbacked = false;
-	s->sync_slave = NULL;
 
 	s->fmt = fmt;
 	s->process_data_blocks = process_data_blocks;
@@ -102,6 +105,10 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_init);
  */
 void amdtp_stream_destroy(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
+	/* Not initialized. */
+	if (s->protocol == NULL)
+		return;
+
 	WARN_ON(amdtp_stream_running(s));
 	kfree(s->protocol);
 	mutex_destroy(&s->mutex);
@@ -244,7 +251,6 @@ void amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 	tasklet_kill(&s->period_tasklet);
 	s->pcm_buffer_pointer = 0;
 	s->pcm_period_pointer = 0;
-	s->pointer_flush = true;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_pcm_prepare);
 
@@ -349,7 +355,6 @@ static void update_pcm_pointers(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	s->pcm_period_pointer += frames;
 	if (s->pcm_period_pointer >= pcm->runtime->period_size) {
 		s->pcm_period_pointer -= pcm->runtime->period_size;
-		s->pointer_flush = false;
 		tasklet_hi_schedule(&s->period_tasklet);
 	}
 }
@@ -363,9 +368,8 @@ static void pcm_period_tasklet(unsigned long data)
 		snd_pcm_period_elapsed(pcm);
 }
 
-static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			unsigned int header_length,
-			unsigned int payload_length, bool skip)
+static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int header_length,
+			unsigned int payload_length)
 {
 	struct fw_iso_packet p = {0};
 	int err = 0;
@@ -376,8 +380,10 @@ static int queue_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	p.interrupt = IS_ALIGNED(s->packet_index + 1, INTERRUPT_INTERVAL);
 	p.tag = TAG_CIP;
 	p.header_length = header_length;
-	p.payload_length = (!skip) ? payload_length : 0;
-	p.skip = skip;
+	if (payload_length > 0)
+		p.payload_length = payload_length;
+	else
+		p.skip = true;
 	err = fw_iso_context_queue(s->context, &p, &s->buffer.iso_buffer,
 				   s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].offset);
 	if (err < 0) {
@@ -392,27 +398,30 @@ end:
 }
 
 static inline int queue_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-				   unsigned int payload_length, bool skip)
+				   unsigned int payload_length)
 {
-	return queue_packet(s, OUT_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE,
-			    payload_length, skip);
+	return queue_packet(s, OUT_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE, payload_length);
 }
 
 static inline int queue_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
 	return queue_packet(s, IN_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE,
-			    amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s), false);
+			    amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s));
 }
 
-static int handle_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks,
-			     unsigned int syt)
+static int handle_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int cycle,
+			     unsigned int index)
 {
 	__be32 *buffer;
+	unsigned int syt;
+	unsigned int data_blocks;
 	unsigned int payload_length;
 	unsigned int pcm_frames;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
 
 	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
+	syt = calculate_syt(s, cycle);
+	data_blocks = calculate_data_blocks(s, syt);
 	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer + 2, data_blocks, &syt);
 
 	buffer[0] = cpu_to_be32(ACCESS_ONCE(s->source_node_id_field) |
@@ -424,9 +433,11 @@ static int handle_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks,
 				(syt & CIP_SYT_MASK));
 
 	s->data_block_counter = (s->data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
-
 	payload_length = 8 + data_blocks * 4 * s->data_block_quadlets;
-	if (queue_out_packet(s, payload_length, false) < 0)
+
+	trace_out_packet(s, cycle, buffer, payload_length, index);
+
+	if (queue_out_packet(s, payload_length) < 0)
 		return -EIO;
 
 	pcm = ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm);
@@ -438,19 +449,24 @@ static int handle_out_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s, unsigned int data_blocks,
 }
 
 static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
-			    unsigned int payload_quadlets, __be32 *buffer,
-			    unsigned int *data_blocks, unsigned int syt)
+			    unsigned int payload_quadlets, unsigned int cycle,
+			    unsigned int index)
 {
+	__be32 *buffer;
 	u32 cip_header[2];
-	unsigned int fmt, fdf;
+	unsigned int fmt, fdf, syt;
 	unsigned int data_block_quadlets, data_block_counter, dbc_interval;
+	unsigned int data_blocks;
 	struct snd_pcm_substream *pcm;
 	unsigned int pcm_frames;
 	bool lost;
 
+	buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
 	cip_header[0] = be32_to_cpu(buffer[0]);
 	cip_header[1] = be32_to_cpu(buffer[1]);
 
+	trace_in_packet(s, cycle, cip_header, payload_quadlets, index);
+
 	/*
 	 * This module supports 'Two-quadlet CIP header with SYT field'.
 	 * For convenience, also check FMT field is AM824 or not.
@@ -460,7 +476,7 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		dev_info_ratelimited(&s->unit->device,
 				"Invalid CIP header for AMDTP: %08X:%08X\n",
 				cip_header[0], cip_header[1]);
-		*data_blocks = 0;
+		data_blocks = 0;
 		pcm_frames = 0;
 		goto end;
 	}
@@ -471,7 +487,7 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		dev_info_ratelimited(&s->unit->device,
 				     "Detect unexpected protocol: %08x %08x\n",
 				     cip_header[0], cip_header[1]);
-		*data_blocks = 0;
+		data_blocks = 0;
 		pcm_frames = 0;
 		goto end;
 	}
@@ -480,7 +496,7 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	fdf = (cip_header[1] & CIP_FDF_MASK) >> CIP_FDF_SHIFT;
 	if (payload_quadlets < 3 ||
 	    (fmt == CIP_FMT_AM && fdf == AMDTP_FDF_NO_DATA)) {
-		*data_blocks = 0;
+		data_blocks = 0;
 	} else {
 		data_block_quadlets =
 			(cip_header[0] & CIP_DBS_MASK) >> CIP_DBS_SHIFT;
@@ -494,12 +510,12 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		if (s->flags & CIP_WRONG_DBS)
 			data_block_quadlets = s->data_block_quadlets;
 
-		*data_blocks = (payload_quadlets - 2) / data_block_quadlets;
+		data_blocks = (payload_quadlets - 2) / data_block_quadlets;
 	}
 
 	/* Check data block counter continuity */
 	data_block_counter = cip_header[0] & CIP_DBC_MASK;
-	if (*data_blocks == 0 && (s->flags & CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC) &&
+	if (data_blocks == 0 && (s->flags & CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC) &&
 	    s->data_block_counter != UINT_MAX)
 		data_block_counter = s->data_block_counter;
 
@@ -510,10 +526,10 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 	} else if (!(s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)) {
 		lost = data_block_counter != s->data_block_counter;
 	} else {
-		if ((*data_blocks > 0) && (s->tx_dbc_interval > 0))
+		if (data_blocks > 0 && s->tx_dbc_interval > 0)
 			dbc_interval = s->tx_dbc_interval;
 		else
-			dbc_interval = *data_blocks;
+			dbc_interval = data_blocks;
 
 		lost = data_block_counter !=
 		       ((s->data_block_counter + dbc_interval) & 0xff);
@@ -526,13 +542,14 @@ static int handle_in_packet(struct amdtp_stream *s,
 		return -EIO;
 	}
 
-	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer + 2, *data_blocks, &syt);
+	syt = be32_to_cpu(buffer[1]) & CIP_SYT_MASK;
+	pcm_frames = s->process_data_blocks(s, buffer + 2, data_blocks, &syt);
 
 	if (s->flags & CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT)
 		s->data_block_counter = data_block_counter;
 	else
 		s->data_block_counter =
-				(data_block_counter + *data_blocks) & 0xff;
+				(data_block_counter + data_blocks) & 0xff;
 end:
 	if (queue_in_packet(s) < 0)
 		return -EIO;
@@ -544,29 +561,50 @@ end:
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void out_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
+/*
+ * In CYCLE_TIMER register of IEEE 1394, 7 bits are used to represent second. On
+ * the other hand, in DMA descriptors of 1394 OHCI, 3 bits are used to represent
+ * it. Thus, via Linux firewire subsystem, we can get the 3 bits for second.
+ */
+static inline u32 compute_cycle_count(u32 tstamp)
+{
+	return (((tstamp >> 13) & 0x07) * 8000) + (tstamp & 0x1fff);
+}
+
+static inline u32 increment_cycle_count(u32 cycle, unsigned int addend)
+{
+	cycle += addend;
+	if (cycle >= 8 * CYCLES_PER_SECOND)
+		cycle -= 8 * CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+	return cycle;
+}
+
+static inline u32 decrement_cycle_count(u32 cycle, unsigned int subtrahend)
+{
+	if (cycle < subtrahend)
+		cycle += 8 * CYCLES_PER_SECOND;
+	return cycle - subtrahend;
+}
+
+static void out_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 tstamp,
 				size_t header_length, void *header,
 				void *private_data)
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
-	unsigned int i, syt, packets = header_length / 4;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
+	unsigned int i, packets = header_length / 4;
+	u32 cycle;
 
 	if (s->packet_index < 0)
 		return;
 
-	/*
-	 * Compute the cycle of the last queued packet.
-	 * (We need only the four lowest bits for the SYT, so we can ignore
-	 * that bits 0-11 must wrap around at 3072.)
-	 */
-	cycle += QUEUE_LENGTH - packets;
+	cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
 
-	for (i = 0; i < packets; ++i) {
-		syt = calculate_syt(s, ++cycle);
-		data_blocks = calculate_data_blocks(s, syt);
+	/* Align to actual cycle count for the last packet. */
+	cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, QUEUE_LENGTH - packets);
 
-		if (handle_out_packet(s, data_blocks, syt) < 0) {
+	for (i = 0; i < packets; ++i) {
+		cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, 1);
+		if (handle_out_packet(s, cycle, i) < 0) {
 			s->packet_index = -1;
 			amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s);
 			return;
@@ -576,15 +614,15 @@ static void out_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
 	fw_iso_context_queue_flush(s->context);
 }
 
-static void in_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
+static void in_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 tstamp,
 			       size_t header_length, void *header,
 			       void *private_data)
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
-	unsigned int p, syt, packets;
+	unsigned int i, packets;
 	unsigned int payload_quadlets, max_payload_quadlets;
-	unsigned int data_blocks;
-	__be32 *buffer, *headers = header;
+	__be32 *headers = header;
+	u32 cycle;
 
 	if (s->packet_index < 0)
 		return;
@@ -592,70 +630,44 @@ static void in_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
 	/* The number of packets in buffer */
 	packets = header_length / IN_PACKET_HEADER_SIZE;
 
+	cycle = compute_cycle_count(tstamp);
+
+	/* Align to actual cycle count for the last packet. */
+	cycle = decrement_cycle_count(cycle, packets);
+
 	/* For buffer-over-run prevention. */
 	max_payload_quadlets = amdtp_stream_get_max_payload(s) / 4;
 
-	for (p = 0; p < packets; p++) {
-		buffer = s->buffer.packets[s->packet_index].buffer;
+	for (i = 0; i < packets; i++) {
+		cycle = increment_cycle_count(cycle, 1);
 
 		/* The number of quadlets in this packet */
 		payload_quadlets =
-			(be32_to_cpu(headers[p]) >> ISO_DATA_LENGTH_SHIFT) / 4;
+			(be32_to_cpu(headers[i]) >> ISO_DATA_LENGTH_SHIFT) / 4;
 		if (payload_quadlets > max_payload_quadlets) {
 			dev_err(&s->unit->device,
 				"Detect jumbo payload: %02x %02x\n",
 				payload_quadlets, max_payload_quadlets);
-			s->packet_index = -1;
 			break;
 		}
 
-		syt = be32_to_cpu(buffer[1]) & CIP_SYT_MASK;
-		if (handle_in_packet(s, payload_quadlets, buffer,
-						&data_blocks, syt) < 0) {
-			s->packet_index = -1;
+		if (handle_in_packet(s, payload_quadlets, cycle, i) < 0)
 			break;
-		}
-
-		/* Process sync slave stream */
-		if (s->sync_slave && s->sync_slave->callbacked) {
-			if (handle_out_packet(s->sync_slave,
-					      data_blocks, syt) < 0) {
-				s->packet_index = -1;
-				break;
-			}
-		}
 	}
 
-	/* Queueing error or detecting discontinuity */
-	if (s->packet_index < 0) {
+	/* Queueing error or detecting invalid payload. */
+	if (i < packets) {
+		s->packet_index = -1;
 		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s);
-
-		/* Abort sync slave. */
-		if (s->sync_slave) {
-			s->sync_slave->packet_index = -1;
-			amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(s->sync_slave);
-		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	/* when sync to device, flush the packets for slave stream */
-	if (s->sync_slave && s->sync_slave->callbacked)
-		fw_iso_context_queue_flush(s->sync_slave->context);
-
 	fw_iso_context_queue_flush(s->context);
 }
 
-/* processing is done by master callback */
-static void slave_stream_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context, u32 cycle,
-				  size_t header_length, void *header,
-				  void *private_data)
-{
-	return;
-}
-
 /* this is executed one time */
 static void amdtp_stream_first_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context,
-					u32 cycle, size_t header_length,
+					u32 tstamp, size_t header_length,
 					void *header, void *private_data)
 {
 	struct amdtp_stream *s = private_data;
@@ -669,12 +681,10 @@ static void amdtp_stream_first_callback(struct fw_iso_context *context,
 
 	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
 		context->callback.sc = in_stream_callback;
-	else if (s->flags & CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE)
-		context->callback.sc = slave_stream_callback;
 	else
 		context->callback.sc = out_stream_callback;
 
-	context->callback.sc(context, cycle, header_length, header, s);
+	context->callback.sc(context, tstamp, header_length, header, s);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -713,8 +723,7 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 		goto err_unlock;
 	}
 
-	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM &&
-	    s->flags & CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK)
+	if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
 		s->data_block_counter = UINT_MAX;
 	else
 		s->data_block_counter = 0;
@@ -755,7 +764,7 @@ int amdtp_stream_start(struct amdtp_stream *s, int channel, int speed)
 		if (s->direction == AMDTP_IN_STREAM)
 			err = queue_in_packet(s);
 		else
-			err = queue_out_packet(s, 0, true);
+			err = queue_out_packet(s, 0);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto err_context;
 	} while (s->packet_index > 0);
@@ -794,11 +803,24 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(amdtp_stream_start);
  */
 unsigned long amdtp_stream_pcm_pointer(struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
-	/* this optimization is allowed to be racy */
-	if (s->pointer_flush && amdtp_stream_running(s))
+	/*
+	 * This function is called in software IRQ context of period_tasklet or
+	 * process context.
+	 *
+	 * When the software IRQ context was scheduled by software IRQ context
+	 * of IR/IT contexts, queued packets were already handled. Therefore,
+	 * no need to flush the queue in buffer anymore.
+	 *
+	 * When the process context reach here, some packets will be already
+	 * queued in the buffer. These packets should be handled immediately
+	 * to keep better granularity of PCM pointer.
+	 *
+	 * Later, the process context will sometimes schedules software IRQ
+	 * context of the period_tasklet. Then, no need to flush the queue by
+	 * the same reason as described for IR/IT contexts.
+	 */
+	if (!in_interrupt() && amdtp_stream_running(s))
 		fw_iso_context_flush_completions(s->context);
-	else
-		s->pointer_flush = true;
 
 	return ACCESS_ONCE(s->pcm_buffer_pointer);
 }
diff --git a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
index 8775704a3..c1bc7fad0 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/amdtp-stream.h
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@
  * @CIP_BLOCKING: In blocking mode, each packet contains either zero or
  *	SYT_INTERVAL samples, with these two types alternating so that
  *	the overall sample rate comes out right.
- * @CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE: In sync to device mode, time stamp in out packets is
- *	generated by in packets. Defaultly this driver generates timestamp.
  * @CIP_EMPTY_WITH_TAG0: Only for in-stream. Empty in-packets have TAG0.
  * @CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT: Only for in-stream. The value of dbc in an in-packet
  *	corresponds to the end of event in the packet. Out of IEC 61883.
@@ -26,8 +24,6 @@
  *	The value of data_block_quadlets is used instead of reported value.
  * @CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK: Only for in-stream.  Packets with zero in dbc is
  *	skipped for detecting discontinuity.
- * @CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK: Only for in-stream. The value of dbc in first
- *	packet is not continuous from an initial value.
  * @CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC: Only for in-stream. The value of dbc in empty
  *	packet is wrong but the others are correct.
  * @CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD: Only for in-stream. The number of data blocks in an
@@ -37,14 +33,12 @@
 enum cip_flags {
 	CIP_NONBLOCKING		= 0x00,
 	CIP_BLOCKING		= 0x01,
-	CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE	= 0x02,
-	CIP_EMPTY_WITH_TAG0	= 0x04,
-	CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT	= 0x08,
-	CIP_WRONG_DBS		= 0x10,
-	CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK	= 0x20,
-	CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK	= 0x40,
-	CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC	= 0x80,
-	CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD	= 0x100,
+	CIP_EMPTY_WITH_TAG0	= 0x02,
+	CIP_DBC_IS_END_EVENT	= 0x04,
+	CIP_WRONG_DBS		= 0x08,
+	CIP_SKIP_DBC_ZERO_CHECK	= 0x10,
+	CIP_EMPTY_HAS_WRONG_DBC	= 0x20,
+	CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD	= 0x40,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -132,12 +126,10 @@ struct amdtp_stream {
 	struct tasklet_struct period_tasklet;
 	unsigned int pcm_buffer_pointer;
 	unsigned int pcm_period_pointer;
-	bool pointer_flush;
 
 	/* To wait for first packet. */
 	bool callbacked;
 	wait_queue_head_t callback_wait;
-	struct amdtp_stream *sync_slave;
 
 	/* For backends to process data blocks. */
 	void *protocol;
@@ -223,23 +215,6 @@ static inline bool cip_sfc_is_base_44100(enum cip_sfc sfc)
 	return sfc & 1;
 }
 
-static inline void amdtp_stream_set_sync(enum cip_flags sync_mode,
-					 struct amdtp_stream *master,
-					 struct amdtp_stream *slave)
-{
-	if (sync_mode == CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE) {
-		master->flags |= CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-		slave->flags |= CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-		master->sync_slave = slave;
-	} else {
-		master->flags &= ~CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-		slave->flags &= ~CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-		master->sync_slave = NULL;
-	}
-
-	slave->sync_slave = NULL;
-}
-
 /**
  * amdtp_stream_wait_callback - sleep till callbacked or timeout
  * @s: the AMDTP stream
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.c
index 3e4e0756e..f7e2cbd2a 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static DECLARE_BITMAP(devices_used, SNDRV_CARDS);
 #define MODEL_MAUDIO_PROJECTMIX		0x00010091
 
 static int
-name_device(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int vendor_id)
+name_device(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
 	struct fw_device *fw_dev = fw_parent_device(bebob->unit);
 	char vendor[24] = {0};
@@ -126,6 +126,17 @@ end:
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void bebob_free(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
+{
+	snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
+	fw_unit_put(bebob->unit);
+
+	kfree(bebob->maudio_special_quirk);
+
+	mutex_destroy(&bebob->mutex);
+	kfree(bebob);
+}
+
 /*
  * This module releases the FireWire unit data after all ALSA character devices
  * are released by applications. This is for releasing stream data or finishing
@@ -137,18 +148,11 @@ bebob_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 	struct snd_bebob *bebob = card->private_data;
 
-	snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
-	fw_unit_put(bebob->unit);
-
-	kfree(bebob->maudio_special_quirk);
-
-	if (bebob->card_index >= 0) {
-		mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);
-		clear_bit(bebob->card_index, devices_used);
-		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
-	}
+	mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);
+	clear_bit(bebob->card_index, devices_used);
+	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
 
-	mutex_destroy(&bebob->mutex);
+	bebob_free(card->private_data);
 }
 
 static const struct snd_bebob_spec *
@@ -176,16 +180,17 @@ check_audiophile_booted(struct fw_unit *unit)
 	return strncmp(name, "FW Audiophile Bootloader", 15) != 0;
 }
 
-static int
-bebob_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-	    const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+static void
+do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_bebob *bebob;
-	const struct snd_bebob_spec *spec;
+	struct snd_bebob *bebob =
+			container_of(work, struct snd_bebob, dwork.work);
 	unsigned int card_index;
 	int err;
 
+	if (bebob->registered)
+		return;
+
 	mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);
 
 	for (card_index = 0; card_index < SNDRV_CARDS; card_index++) {
@@ -193,64 +198,39 @@ bebob_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 			break;
 	}
 	if (card_index >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
-		err = -ENOENT;
-		goto end;
+		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+		return;
 	}
 
-	if ((entry->vendor_id == VEN_FOCUSRITE) &&
-	    (entry->model_id == MODEL_FOCUSRITE_SAFFIRE_BOTH))
-		spec = get_saffire_spec(unit);
-	else if ((entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1) &&
-		 (entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_AUDIOPHILE_BOTH) &&
-		 !check_audiophile_booted(unit))
-		spec = NULL;
-	else
-		spec = (const struct snd_bebob_spec *)entry->driver_data;
-
-	if (spec == NULL) {
-		if ((entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1) ||
-		    (entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO2))
-			err = snd_bebob_maudio_load_firmware(unit);
-		else
-			err = -ENOSYS;
-		goto end;
+	err = snd_card_new(&bebob->unit->device, index[card_index],
+			   id[card_index], THIS_MODULE, 0, &bebob->card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+		return;
 	}
 
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, index[card_index], id[card_index],
-			   THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_bebob), &card);
+	err = name_device(bebob);
 	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	bebob = card->private_data;
-	bebob->card_index = card_index;
-	set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
-	card->private_free = bebob_card_free;
-
-	bebob->card = card;
-	bebob->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
-	bebob->spec = spec;
-	mutex_init(&bebob->mutex);
-	spin_lock_init(&bebob->lock);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&bebob->hwdep_wait);
+		goto error;
 
-	err = name_device(bebob, entry->vendor_id);
+	if (bebob->spec == &maudio_special_spec) {
+		if (bebob->entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_FW1814)
+			err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, true);
+		else
+			err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, false);
+	} else {
+		err = snd_bebob_stream_discover(bebob);
+	}
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	if ((entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1) &&
-	    (entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_FW1814))
-		err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, true);
-	else if ((entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1) &&
-		 (entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_PROJECTMIX))
-		err = snd_bebob_maudio_special_discover(bebob, false);
-	else
-		err = snd_bebob_stream_discover(bebob);
+	err = snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(bebob);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
 	snd_bebob_proc_init(bebob);
 
-	if ((bebob->midi_input_ports > 0) ||
-	    (bebob->midi_output_ports > 0)) {
+	if (bebob->midi_input_ports > 0 || bebob->midi_output_ports > 0) {
 		err = snd_bebob_create_midi_devices(bebob);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
@@ -264,16 +244,75 @@ bebob_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(bebob);
+	err = snd_card_register(bebob->card);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	if (!bebob->maudio_special_quirk) {
-		err = snd_card_register(card);
-		if (err < 0) {
-			snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
-			goto error;
-		}
+	set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
+	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+
+	/*
+	 * After registered, bebob instance can be released corresponding to
+	 * releasing the sound card instance.
+	 */
+	bebob->card->private_free = bebob_card_free;
+	bebob->card->private_data = bebob;
+	bebob->registered = true;
+
+	return;
+error:
+	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+	snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
+	snd_card_free(bebob->card);
+	dev_info(&bebob->unit->device,
+		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static int
+bebob_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+{
+	struct snd_bebob *bebob;
+	const struct snd_bebob_spec *spec;
+
+	if (entry->vendor_id == VEN_FOCUSRITE &&
+	    entry->model_id == MODEL_FOCUSRITE_SAFFIRE_BOTH)
+		spec = get_saffire_spec(unit);
+	else if (entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1 &&
+		 entry->model_id == MODEL_MAUDIO_AUDIOPHILE_BOTH &&
+		 !check_audiophile_booted(unit))
+		spec = NULL;
+	else
+		spec = (const struct snd_bebob_spec *)entry->driver_data;
+
+	if (spec == NULL) {
+		if (entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO1 ||
+		    entry->vendor_id == VEN_MAUDIO2)
+			return snd_bebob_maudio_load_firmware(unit);
+		else
+			return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate this independent of sound card instance. */
+	bebob = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_bebob), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (bebob == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	bebob->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
+	bebob->entry = entry;
+	bebob->spec = spec;
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, bebob);
+
+	mutex_init(&bebob->mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&bebob->lock);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&bebob->hwdep_wait);
+
+	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&bebob->dwork, do_registration);
+
+	if (entry->vendor_id != VEN_MAUDIO1 ||
+	    (entry->model_id != MODEL_MAUDIO_FW1814 &&
+	     entry->model_id != MODEL_MAUDIO_PROJECTMIX)) {
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &bebob->dwork);
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * This is a workaround. This bus reset seems to have an effect
@@ -285,19 +324,11 @@ bebob_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 		 * signals from dbus and starts I/Os. To avoid I/Os till the
 		 * future bus reset, registration is done in next update().
 		 */
-		bebob->deferred_registration = true;
 		fw_schedule_bus_reset(fw_parent_device(bebob->unit)->card,
 				      false, true);
 	}
 
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, bebob);
-end:
-	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
-	return err;
-error:
-	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -324,15 +355,11 @@ bebob_update(struct fw_unit *unit)
 	if (bebob == NULL)
 		return;
 
-	fcp_bus_reset(bebob->unit);
-
-	if (bebob->deferred_registration) {
-		if (snd_card_register(bebob->card) < 0) {
-			snd_bebob_stream_destroy_duplex(bebob);
-			snd_card_free(bebob->card);
-		}
-		bebob->deferred_registration = false;
-	}
+	/* Postpone a workqueue for deferred registration. */
+	if (!bebob->registered)
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &bebob->dwork);
+	else
+		fcp_bus_reset(bebob->unit);
 }
 
 static void bebob_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
@@ -342,8 +369,20 @@ static void bebob_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
 	if (bebob == NULL)
 		return;
 
-	/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(bebob->card);
+	/*
+	 * Confirm to stop the work for registration before the sound card is
+	 * going to be released. The work is not scheduled again because bus
+	 * reset handler is not called anymore.
+	 */
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&bebob->dwork);
+
+	if (bebob->registered) {
+		/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(bebob->card);
+	} else {
+		/* Don't forget this case. */
+		bebob_free(bebob);
+	}
 }
 
 static const struct snd_bebob_rate_spec normal_rate_spec = {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
index b50bb33d9..e7f1bb925 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob.h
@@ -83,6 +83,10 @@ struct snd_bebob {
 	struct mutex mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
+	bool registered;
+	struct delayed_work dwork;
+
+	const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry;
 	const struct snd_bebob_spec *spec;
 
 	unsigned int midi_input_ports;
@@ -90,7 +94,6 @@ struct snd_bebob {
 
 	bool connected;
 
-	struct amdtp_stream *master;
 	struct amdtp_stream tx_stream;
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
 	struct cmp_connection out_conn;
@@ -111,7 +114,6 @@ struct snd_bebob {
 
 	/* for M-Audio special devices */
 	void *maudio_special_quirk;
-	bool deferred_registration;
 
 	/* For BeBoB version quirk. */
 	unsigned int version;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
index 77cbb02bf..4d3034a68 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/bebob/bebob_stream.c
@@ -484,30 +484,6 @@ destroy_both_connections(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 }
 
 static int
-get_sync_mode(struct snd_bebob *bebob, enum cip_flags *sync_mode)
-{
-	enum snd_bebob_clock_type src;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_bebob_stream_get_clock_src(bebob, &src);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	switch (src) {
-	case SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_TYPE_INTERNAL:
-	case SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_TYPE_EXTERNAL:
-		*sync_mode = CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-		break;
-	default:
-	case SND_BEBOB_CLOCK_TYPE_SYT:
-		*sync_mode = 0;
-		break;
-	}
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int
 start_stream(struct snd_bebob *bebob, struct amdtp_stream *stream,
 	     unsigned int rate)
 {
@@ -550,8 +526,6 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_init_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 		goto end;
 	}
 
-	bebob->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK;
-
 	/*
 	 * BeBoB v3 transfers packets with these qurks:
 	 *  - In the beginning of streaming, the value of dbc is incremented
@@ -584,8 +558,6 @@ end:
 int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 {
 	const struct snd_bebob_rate_spec *rate_spec = bebob->spec->rate;
-	struct amdtp_stream *master, *slave;
-	enum cip_flags sync_mode;
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -593,22 +565,11 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0)
 		goto end;
 
-	err = get_sync_mode(bebob, &sync_mode);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	if (sync_mode == CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE) {
-		master = &bebob->tx_stream;
-		slave  = &bebob->rx_stream;
-	} else {
-		master = &bebob->rx_stream;
-		slave  = &bebob->tx_stream;
-	}
-
 	/*
 	 * Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
 	 * TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
 	 */
-	err = check_connection_used_by_others(bebob, master);
+	err = check_connection_used_by_others(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
 
@@ -618,11 +579,12 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 	 * At bus reset, connections should not be broken here. So streams need
 	 * to be re-started. This is a reason to use SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK flag.
 	 */
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(master))
-		amdtp_stream_stop(master);
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(slave))
-		amdtp_stream_stop(slave);
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(master) && !amdtp_stream_running(slave))
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->rx_stream))
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&bebob->tx_stream))
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->rx_stream) &&
+	    !amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->tx_stream))
 		break_both_connections(bebob);
 
 	/* stop streams if rate is different */
@@ -635,16 +597,13 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 	if (rate == 0)
 		rate = curr_rate;
 	if (rate != curr_rate) {
-		amdtp_stream_stop(master);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(slave);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
 		break_both_connections(bebob);
 	}
 
 	/* master should be always running */
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(master)) {
-		amdtp_stream_set_sync(sync_mode, master, slave);
-		bebob->master = master;
-
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->rx_stream)) {
 		/*
 		 * NOTE:
 		 * If establishing connections at first, Yamaha GO46
@@ -666,7 +625,7 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto end;
 
-		err = start_stream(bebob, master, rate);
+		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->rx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 				"fail to run AMDTP master stream:%d\n", err);
@@ -685,15 +644,16 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 				dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 					"fail to ensure sampling rate: %d\n",
 					err);
-				amdtp_stream_stop(master);
+				amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 				break_both_connections(bebob);
 				goto end;
 			}
 		}
 
 		/* wait first callback */
-		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(master, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			amdtp_stream_stop(master);
+		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&bebob->rx_stream,
+						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 			break_both_connections(bebob);
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
 			goto end;
@@ -701,20 +661,21 @@ int snd_bebob_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob, unsigned int rate)
 	}
 
 	/* start slave if needed */
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(slave)) {
-		err = start_stream(bebob, slave, rate);
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&bebob->tx_stream)) {
+		err = start_stream(bebob, &bebob->tx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&bebob->unit->device,
 				"fail to run AMDTP slave stream:%d\n", err);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(master);
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 			break_both_connections(bebob);
 			goto end;
 		}
 
 		/* wait first callback */
-		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(slave, CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
-			amdtp_stream_stop(slave);
-			amdtp_stream_stop(master);
+		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&bebob->tx_stream,
+						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
+			amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 			break_both_connections(bebob);
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
 		}
@@ -725,22 +686,12 @@ end:
 
 void snd_bebob_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_bebob *bebob)
 {
-	struct amdtp_stream *master, *slave;
-
-	if (bebob->master == &bebob->rx_stream) {
-		slave  = &bebob->tx_stream;
-		master = &bebob->rx_stream;
-	} else {
-		slave  = &bebob->rx_stream;
-		master = &bebob->tx_stream;
-	}
-
 	if (bebob->substreams_counter == 0) {
-		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(master);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(master);
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&bebob->rx_stream);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->rx_stream);
 
-		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(slave);
-		amdtp_stream_stop(slave);
+		amdtp_stream_pcm_abort(&bebob->tx_stream);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&bebob->tx_stream);
 
 		break_both_connections(bebob);
 	}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
index 8b64aef31..25e9f7727 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/dice/dice.c
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
 #define WEISS_CATEGORY_ID	0x00
 #define LOUD_CATEGORY_ID	0x10
 
-#define PROBE_DELAY_MS		(2 * MSEC_PER_SEC)
-
 /*
  * Some models support several isochronous channels, while these streams are not
  * always available. In this case, add the model name to this list.
@@ -201,6 +199,10 @@ static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	dice_card_strings(dice);
 
+	err = snd_dice_stream_init_duplex(dice);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
+
 	snd_dice_create_proc(dice);
 
 	err = snd_dice_create_pcm(dice);
@@ -229,28 +231,14 @@ static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 
 	return;
 error:
+	snd_dice_stream_destroy_duplex(dice);
 	snd_dice_transaction_destroy(dice);
+	snd_dice_stream_destroy_duplex(dice);
 	snd_card_free(dice->card);
 	dev_info(&dice->unit->device,
 		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
 }
 
-static void schedule_registration(struct snd_dice *dice)
-{
-	struct fw_card *fw_card = fw_parent_device(dice->unit)->card;
-	u64 now, delay;
-
-	now = get_jiffies_64();
-	delay = fw_card->reset_jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(PROBE_DELAY_MS);
-
-	if (time_after64(delay, now))
-		delay -= now;
-	else
-		delay = 0;
-
-	mod_delayed_work(system_wq, &dice->dwork, delay);
-}
-
 static int dice_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
 {
 	struct snd_dice *dice;
@@ -273,15 +261,9 @@ static int dice_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *id)
 	init_completion(&dice->clock_accepted);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&dice->hwdep_wait);
 
-	err = snd_dice_stream_init_duplex(dice);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		dice_free(dice);
-		return err;
-	}
-
 	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
 	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&dice->dwork, do_registration);
-	schedule_registration(dice);
+	snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &dice->dwork);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -312,7 +294,7 @@ static void dice_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
 
 	/* Postpone a workqueue for deferred registration. */
 	if (!dice->registered)
-		schedule_registration(dice);
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &dice->dwork);
 
 	/* The handler address register becomes initialized. */
 	snd_dice_transaction_reinit(dice);
@@ -335,6 +317,13 @@ static const struct ieee1394_device_id dice_id_table[] = {
 		.match_flags = IEEE1394_MATCH_VERSION,
 		.version     = DICE_INTERFACE,
 	},
+	/* M-Audio Profire 610/2626 has a different value in version field. */
+	{
+		.match_flags	= IEEE1394_MATCH_VENDOR_ID |
+				  IEEE1394_MATCH_SPECIFIER_ID,
+		.vendor_id	= 0x000d6c,
+		.specifier_id	= 0x000d6c,
+	},
 	{ }
 };
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(ieee1394, dice_id_table);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
index 0ac92aba5..b3cffd01a 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/amdtp-dot.c
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ int amdtp_dot_init(struct amdtp_stream *s, struct fw_unit *unit,
 
 	/* Use different mode between incoming/outgoing. */
 	if (dir == AMDTP_IN_STREAM) {
-		flags = CIP_NONBLOCKING | CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK;
+		flags = CIP_NONBLOCKING;
 		process_data_blocks = process_tx_data_blocks;
 	} else {
 		flags = CIP_BLOCKING;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-transaction.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-transaction.c
index 554324d8c..735d35640 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-transaction.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x-transaction.c
@@ -126,12 +126,17 @@ int snd_dg00x_transaction_register(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 	return err;
 error:
 	fw_core_remove_address_handler(&dg00x->async_handler);
-	dg00x->async_handler.address_callback = NULL;
+	dg00x->async_handler.callback_data = NULL;
 	return err;
 }
 
 void snd_dg00x_transaction_unregister(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 {
+	if (dg00x->async_handler.callback_data == NULL)
+		return;
+
 	snd_fw_async_midi_port_destroy(&dg00x->out_control);
 	fw_core_remove_address_handler(&dg00x->async_handler);
+
+	dg00x->async_handler.callback_data = NULL;
 }
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.c b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.c
index 1f33b7a1f..cc4776c6d 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.c
@@ -40,10 +40,8 @@ static int name_card(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void dg00x_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+static void dg00x_free(struct snd_dg00x *dg00x)
 {
-	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = card->private_data;
-
 	snd_dg00x_stream_destroy_duplex(dg00x);
 	snd_dg00x_transaction_unregister(dg00x);
 
@@ -52,28 +50,24 @@ static void dg00x_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	mutex_destroy(&dg00x->mutex);
 }
 
-static int snd_dg00x_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-			   const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+static void dg00x_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x;
-	int err;
+	dg00x_free(card->private_data);
+}
 
-	/* create card */
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
-			   sizeof(struct snd_dg00x), &card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	card->private_free = dg00x_card_free;
+static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x =
+			container_of(work, struct snd_dg00x, dwork.work);
+	int err;
 
-	/* initialize myself */
-	dg00x = card->private_data;
-	dg00x->card = card;
-	dg00x->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
+	if (dg00x->registered)
+		return;
 
-	mutex_init(&dg00x->mutex);
-	spin_lock_init(&dg00x->lock);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&dg00x->hwdep_wait);
+	err = snd_card_new(&dg00x->unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			   &dg00x->card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return;
 
 	err = name_card(dg00x);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -101,35 +95,86 @@ static int snd_dg00x_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	err = snd_card_register(dg00x->card);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, dg00x);
+	dg00x->card->private_free = dg00x_card_free;
+	dg00x->card->private_data = dg00x;
+	dg00x->registered = true;
 
-	return err;
+	return;
 error:
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
+	snd_dg00x_transaction_unregister(dg00x);
+	snd_dg00x_stream_destroy_duplex(dg00x);
+	snd_card_free(dg00x->card);
+	dev_info(&dg00x->unit->device,
+		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static int snd_dg00x_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
+			   const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+{
+	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x;
+
+	/* Allocate this independent of sound card instance. */
+	dg00x = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_dg00x), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (dg00x == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	dg00x->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, dg00x);
+
+	mutex_init(&dg00x->mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&dg00x->lock);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&dg00x->hwdep_wait);
+
+	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&dg00x->dwork, do_registration);
+	snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &dg00x->dwork);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void snd_dg00x_update(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
+	/* Postpone a workqueue for deferred registration. */
+	if (!dg00x->registered)
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &dg00x->dwork);
+
 	snd_dg00x_transaction_reregister(dg00x);
 
-	mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
-	snd_dg00x_stream_update_duplex(dg00x);
-	mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
+	/*
+	 * After registration, userspace can start packet streaming, then this
+	 * code block works fine.
+	 */
+	if (dg00x->registered) {
+		mutex_lock(&dg00x->mutex);
+		snd_dg00x_stream_update_duplex(dg00x);
+		mutex_unlock(&dg00x->mutex);
+	}
 }
 
 static void snd_dg00x_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_dg00x *dg00x = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
-	/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(dg00x->card);
+	/*
+	 * Confirm to stop the work for registration before the sound card is
+	 * going to be released. The work is not scheduled again because bus
+	 * reset handler is not called anymore.
+	 */
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&dg00x->dwork);
+
+	if (dg00x->registered) {
+		/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(dg00x->card);
+	} else {
+		/* Don't forget this case. */
+		dg00x_free(dg00x);
+	}
 }
 
 static const struct ieee1394_device_id snd_dg00x_id_table[] = {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
index 907e73993..2cd465c0c 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/digi00x/digi00x.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ struct snd_dg00x {
 	struct mutex mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
+	bool registered;
+	struct delayed_work dwork;
+
 	struct amdtp_stream tx_stream;
 	struct fw_iso_resources tx_resources;
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.c b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.c
index 8f27b6750..71a0613d3 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.c
@@ -168,11 +168,34 @@ get_hardware_info(struct snd_efw *efw)
 	       sizeof(struct snd_efw_phys_grp) * hwinfo->phys_in_grp_count);
 	memcpy(&efw->phys_out_grps, hwinfo->phys_out_grps,
 	       sizeof(struct snd_efw_phys_grp) * hwinfo->phys_out_grp_count);
+
+	/* AudioFire8 (since 2009) and AudioFirePre8 */
+	if (hwinfo->type == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_9)
+		efw->is_af9 = true;
+	/* These models uses the same firmware. */
+	if (hwinfo->type == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_2 ||
+	    hwinfo->type == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_4 ||
+	    hwinfo->type == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_9 ||
+	    hwinfo->type == MODEL_GIBSON_RIP ||
+	    hwinfo->type == MODEL_GIBSON_GOLDTOP)
+		efw->is_fireworks3 = true;
 end:
 	kfree(hwinfo);
 	return err;
 }
 
+static void efw_free(struct snd_efw *efw)
+{
+	snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(efw);
+	snd_efw_transaction_remove_instance(efw);
+	fw_unit_put(efw->unit);
+
+	kfree(efw->resp_buf);
+
+	mutex_destroy(&efw->mutex);
+	kfree(efw);
+}
+
 /*
  * This module releases the FireWire unit data after all ALSA character devices
  * are released by applications. This is for releasing stream data or finishing
@@ -184,28 +207,24 @@ efw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = card->private_data;
 
-	snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(efw);
-	snd_efw_transaction_remove_instance(efw);
-	fw_unit_put(efw->unit);
-
-	kfree(efw->resp_buf);
-
 	if (efw->card_index >= 0) {
 		mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);
 		clear_bit(efw->card_index, devices_used);
 		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
 	}
 
-	mutex_destroy(&efw->mutex);
+	efw_free(card->private_data);
 }
 
-static int
-efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-	  const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+static void
+do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_efw *efw;
-	int card_index, err;
+	struct snd_efw *efw = container_of(work, struct snd_efw, dwork.work);
+	unsigned int card_index;
+	int err;
+
+	if (efw->registered)
+		return;
 
 	mutex_lock(&devices_mutex);
 
@@ -215,24 +234,16 @@ efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 			break;
 	}
 	if (card_index >= SNDRV_CARDS) {
-		err = -ENOENT;
-		goto end;
+		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+		return;
 	}
 
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, index[card_index], id[card_index],
-			   THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct snd_efw), &card);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	efw = card->private_data;
-	efw->card_index = card_index;
-	set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
-	card->private_free = efw_card_free;
-
-	efw->card = card;
-	efw->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
-	mutex_init(&efw->mutex);
-	spin_lock_init(&efw->lock);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&efw->hwdep_wait);
+	err = snd_card_new(&efw->unit->device, index[card_index],
+			   id[card_index], THIS_MODULE, 0, &efw->card);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
+		return;
+	}
 
 	/* prepare response buffer */
 	snd_efw_resp_buf_size = clamp(snd_efw_resp_buf_size,
@@ -248,16 +259,10 @@ efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	err = get_hardware_info(efw);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
-	/* AudioFire8 (since 2009) and AudioFirePre8 */
-	if (entry->model_id == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_9)
-		efw->is_af9 = true;
-	/* These models uses the same firmware. */
-	if (entry->model_id == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_2 ||
-	    entry->model_id == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_4 ||
-	    entry->model_id == MODEL_ECHO_AUDIOFIRE_9 ||
-	    entry->model_id == MODEL_GIBSON_RIP ||
-	    entry->model_id == MODEL_GIBSON_GOLDTOP)
-		efw->is_fireworks3 = true;
+
+	err = snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(efw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
 
 	snd_efw_proc_init(efw);
 
@@ -275,44 +280,93 @@ efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_efw_stream_init_duplex(efw);
+	err = snd_card_register(efw->card);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(efw);
-		goto error;
-	}
-
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, efw);
-end:
+	set_bit(card_index, devices_used);
 	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
-	return err;
+
+	/*
+	 * After registered, efw instance can be released corresponding to
+	 * releasing the sound card instance.
+	 */
+	efw->card->private_free = efw_card_free;
+	efw->card->private_data = efw;
+	efw->registered = true;
+
+	return;
 error:
-	snd_efw_transaction_remove_instance(efw);
 	mutex_unlock(&devices_mutex);
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
+	snd_efw_transaction_remove_instance(efw);
+	snd_efw_stream_destroy_duplex(efw);
+	snd_card_free(efw->card);
+	dev_info(&efw->unit->device,
+		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static int
+efw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit, const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+{
+	struct snd_efw *efw;
+
+	efw = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_efw), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (efw == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	efw->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, efw);
+
+	mutex_init(&efw->mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&efw->lock);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&efw->hwdep_wait);
+
+	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&efw->dwork, do_registration);
+	snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &efw->dwork);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void efw_update(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
+	/* Postpone a workqueue for deferred registration. */
+	if (!efw->registered)
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &efw->dwork);
+
 	snd_efw_transaction_bus_reset(efw->unit);
 
-	mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
-	snd_efw_stream_update_duplex(efw);
-	mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
+	/*
+	 * After registration, userspace can start packet streaming, then this
+	 * code block works fine.
+	 */
+	if (efw->registered) {
+		mutex_lock(&efw->mutex);
+		snd_efw_stream_update_duplex(efw);
+		mutex_unlock(&efw->mutex);
+	}
 }
 
 static void efw_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_efw *efw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
-	/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(efw->card);
+	/*
+	 * Confirm to stop the work for registration before the sound card is
+	 * going to be released. The work is not scheduled again because bus
+	 * reset handler is not called anymore.
+	 */
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&efw->dwork);
+
+	if (efw->registered) {
+		/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(efw->card);
+	} else {
+		/* Don't forget this case. */
+		efw_free(efw);
+	}
 }
 
 static const struct ieee1394_device_id efw_id_table[] = {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
index 96c4e0c6a..03ed35237 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks.h
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ struct snd_efw {
 	struct mutex mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
+	bool registered;
+	struct delayed_work dwork;
+
 	/* for transaction */
 	u32 seqnum;
 	bool resp_addr_changable;
@@ -81,7 +84,6 @@ struct snd_efw {
 	unsigned int pcm_capture_channels[SND_EFW_MULTIPLIER_MODES];
 	unsigned int pcm_playback_channels[SND_EFW_MULTIPLIER_MODES];
 
-	struct amdtp_stream *master;
 	struct amdtp_stream tx_stream;
 	struct amdtp_stream rx_stream;
 	struct cmp_connection out_conn;
diff --git a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
index 425db8d88..ee47924ae 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/fireworks/fireworks_stream.c
@@ -121,23 +121,6 @@ destroy_stream(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *stream)
 }
 
 static int
-get_sync_mode(struct snd_efw *efw, enum cip_flags *sync_mode)
-{
-	enum snd_efw_clock_source clock_source;
-	int err;
-
-	err = snd_efw_command_get_clock_source(efw, &clock_source);
-	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-
-	if (clock_source == SND_EFW_CLOCK_SOURCE_SYTMATCH)
-		return -ENOSYS;
-
-	*sync_mode = CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE;
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static int
 check_connection_used_by_others(struct snd_efw *efw, struct amdtp_stream *s)
 {
 	struct cmp_connection *conn;
@@ -208,9 +191,6 @@ end:
 
 int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
 {
-	struct amdtp_stream *master, *slave;
-	unsigned int slave_substreams;
-	enum cip_flags sync_mode;
 	unsigned int curr_rate;
 	int err = 0;
 
@@ -218,32 +198,19 @@ int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
 	if (efw->playback_substreams == 0 && efw->capture_substreams  == 0)
 		goto end;
 
-	err = get_sync_mode(efw, &sync_mode);
-	if (err < 0)
-		goto end;
-	if (sync_mode == CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE) {
-		master = &efw->tx_stream;
-		slave  = &efw->rx_stream;
-		slave_substreams  = efw->playback_substreams;
-	} else {
-		master = &efw->rx_stream;
-		slave  = &efw->tx_stream;
-		slave_substreams = efw->capture_substreams;
-	}
-
 	/*
 	 * Considering JACK/FFADO streaming:
 	 * TODO: This can be removed hwdep functionality becomes popular.
 	 */
-	err = check_connection_used_by_others(efw, master);
+	err = check_connection_used_by_others(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto end;
 
 	/* packet queueing error */
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(slave))
-		stop_stream(efw, slave);
-	if (amdtp_streaming_error(master))
-		stop_stream(efw, master);
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->tx_stream))
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
+	if (amdtp_streaming_error(&efw->rx_stream))
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 
 	/* stop streams if rate is different */
 	err = snd_efw_command_get_sampling_rate(efw, &curr_rate);
@@ -252,20 +219,17 @@ int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
 	if (rate == 0)
 		rate = curr_rate;
 	if (rate != curr_rate) {
-		stop_stream(efw, slave);
-		stop_stream(efw, master);
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 	}
 
 	/* master should be always running */
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(master)) {
-		amdtp_stream_set_sync(sync_mode, master, slave);
-		efw->master = master;
-
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&efw->rx_stream)) {
 		err = snd_efw_command_set_sampling_rate(efw, rate);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto end;
 
-		err = start_stream(efw, master, rate);
+		err = start_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&efw->unit->device,
 				"fail to start AMDTP master stream:%d\n", err);
@@ -274,12 +238,13 @@ int snd_efw_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw, unsigned int rate)
 	}
 
 	/* start slave if needed */
-	if (slave_substreams > 0 && !amdtp_stream_running(slave)) {
-		err = start_stream(efw, slave, rate);
+	if (efw->capture_substreams > 0 &&
+	    !amdtp_stream_running(&efw->tx_stream)) {
+		err = start_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream, rate);
 		if (err < 0) {
 			dev_err(&efw->unit->device,
 				"fail to start AMDTP slave stream:%d\n", err);
-			stop_stream(efw, master);
+			stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 		}
 	}
 end:
@@ -288,26 +253,11 @@ end:
 
 void snd_efw_stream_stop_duplex(struct snd_efw *efw)
 {
-	struct amdtp_stream *master, *slave;
-	unsigned int master_substreams, slave_substreams;
-
-	if (efw->master == &efw->rx_stream) {
-		slave  = &efw->tx_stream;
-		master = &efw->rx_stream;
-		slave_substreams  = efw->capture_substreams;
-		master_substreams = efw->playback_substreams;
-	} else {
-		slave  = &efw->rx_stream;
-		master = &efw->tx_stream;
-		slave_substreams  = efw->playback_substreams;
-		master_substreams = efw->capture_substreams;
-	}
-
-	if (slave_substreams == 0) {
-		stop_stream(efw, slave);
+	if (efw->capture_substreams == 0) {
+		stop_stream(efw, &efw->tx_stream);
 
-		if (master_substreams == 0)
-			stop_stream(efw, master);
+		if (efw->playback_substreams == 0)
+			stop_stream(efw, &efw->rx_stream);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/sound/firewire/lib.c b/sound/firewire/lib.c
index f80aafa44..ca4dfcf43 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/lib.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/lib.c
@@ -67,6 +67,38 @@ int snd_fw_transaction(struct fw_unit *unit, int tcode,
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_fw_transaction);
 
+#define PROBE_DELAY_MS		(2 * MSEC_PER_SEC)
+
+/**
+ * snd_fw_schedule_registration - schedule work for sound card registration
+ * @unit: an instance for unit on IEEE 1394 bus
+ * @dwork: delayed work with callback function
+ *
+ * This function is not designed for general purposes. When new unit is
+ * connected to IEEE 1394 bus, the bus is under bus-reset state because of
+ * topological change. In this state, units tend to fail both of asynchronous
+ * and isochronous communication. To avoid this problem, this function is used
+ * to postpone sound card registration after the state. The callers must
+ * set up instance of delayed work in advance.
+ */
+void snd_fw_schedule_registration(struct fw_unit *unit,
+				  struct delayed_work *dwork)
+{
+	u64 now, delay;
+
+	now = get_jiffies_64();
+	delay = fw_parent_device(unit)->card->reset_jiffies
+					+ msecs_to_jiffies(PROBE_DELAY_MS);
+
+	if (time_after64(delay, now))
+		delay -= now;
+	else
+		delay = 0;
+
+	mod_delayed_work(system_wq, dwork, delay);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_fw_schedule_registration);
+
 static void async_midi_port_callback(struct fw_card *card, int rcode,
 				     void *data, size_t length,
 				     void *callback_data)
diff --git a/sound/firewire/lib.h b/sound/firewire/lib.h
index f3f6f84c4..f6769312e 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/lib.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/lib.h
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ static inline bool rcode_is_permanent_error(int rcode)
 	return rcode == RCODE_TYPE_ERROR || rcode == RCODE_ADDRESS_ERROR;
 }
 
+void snd_fw_schedule_registration(struct fw_unit *unit,
+				  struct delayed_work *dwork);
+
 struct snd_fw_async_midi_port;
 typedef int (*snd_fw_async_midi_port_fill)(
 				struct snd_rawmidi_substream *substream,
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
index 7cb5743c0..d9361f352 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw-stream.c
@@ -242,8 +242,7 @@ int snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw,
 	 * blocks than IEC 61883-6 defines.
 	 */
 	if (stream == &oxfw->tx_stream) {
-		oxfw->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_SKIP_INIT_DBC_CHECK |
-					 CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD;
+		oxfw->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_JUMBO_PAYLOAD;
 		if (oxfw->wrong_dbs)
 			oxfw->tx_stream.flags |= CIP_WRONG_DBS;
 	}
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
index abedc2207..e629b88f7 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.c
@@ -118,15 +118,8 @@ end:
 	return err;
 }
 
-/*
- * This module releases the FireWire unit data after all ALSA character devices
- * are released by applications. This is for releasing stream data or finishing
- * transactions safely. Thus at returning from .remove(), this module still keep
- * references for the unit.
- */
-static void oxfw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+static void oxfw_free(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
 {
-	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = card->private_data;
 	unsigned int i;
 
 	snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
@@ -144,6 +137,17 @@ static void oxfw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	mutex_destroy(&oxfw->mutex);
 }
 
+/*
+ * This module releases the FireWire unit data after all ALSA character devices
+ * are released by applications. This is for releasing stream data or finishing
+ * transactions safely. Thus at returning from .remove(), this module still keep
+ * references for the unit.
+ */
+static void oxfw_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+{
+	oxfw_free(card->private_data);
+}
+
 static int detect_quirks(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
 {
 	struct fw_device *fw_dev = fw_parent_device(oxfw->unit);
@@ -205,41 +209,39 @@ static int detect_quirks(struct snd_oxfw *oxfw)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static int oxfw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-		      const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw;
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = container_of(work, struct snd_oxfw, dwork.work);
 	int err;
 
-	if (entry->vendor_id == VENDOR_LOUD && !detect_loud_models(unit))
-		return -ENODEV;
+	if (oxfw->registered)
+		return;
 
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
-			   sizeof(*oxfw), &card);
+	err = snd_card_new(&oxfw->unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			   &oxfw->card);
 	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
+		return;
 
-	card->private_free = oxfw_card_free;
-	oxfw = card->private_data;
-	oxfw->card = card;
-	mutex_init(&oxfw->mutex);
-	oxfw->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
-	oxfw->entry = entry;
-	spin_lock_init(&oxfw->lock);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&oxfw->hwdep_wait);
+	err = name_card(oxfw);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_discover(oxfw);
+	err = detect_quirks(oxfw);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = name_card(oxfw);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_discover(oxfw);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = detect_quirks(oxfw);
+	err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
+	if (oxfw->has_output) {
+		err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto error;
+	}
 
 	err = snd_oxfw_create_pcm(oxfw);
 	if (err < 0)
@@ -255,54 +257,97 @@ static int oxfw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	err = snd_card_register(oxfw->card);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
-	if (oxfw->has_output) {
-		err = snd_oxfw_stream_init_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
-		if (err < 0)
-			goto error;
-	}
 
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
-	if (err < 0) {
-		snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
-		if (oxfw->has_output)
-			snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
-		goto error;
-	}
+	/*
+	 * After registered, oxfw instance can be released corresponding to
+	 * releasing the sound card instance.
+	 */
+	oxfw->card->private_free = oxfw_card_free;
+	oxfw->card->private_data = oxfw;
+	oxfw->registered = true;
+
+	return;
+error:
+	snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+	if (oxfw->has_output)
+		snd_oxfw_stream_destroy_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+	snd_card_free(oxfw->card);
+	dev_info(&oxfw->unit->device,
+		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static int oxfw_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
+		      const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+{
+	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw;
+
+	if (entry->vendor_id == VENDOR_LOUD && !detect_loud_models(unit))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	/* Allocate this independent of sound card instance. */
+	oxfw = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_oxfw), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (oxfw == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	oxfw->entry = entry;
+	oxfw->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
 	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, oxfw);
 
+	mutex_init(&oxfw->mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&oxfw->lock);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&oxfw->hwdep_wait);
+
+	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&oxfw->dwork, do_registration);
+	snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &oxfw->dwork);
+
 	return 0;
-error:
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
 }
 
 static void oxfw_bus_reset(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
+	if (!oxfw->registered)
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &oxfw->dwork);
+
 	fcp_bus_reset(oxfw->unit);
 
-	mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
+	if (oxfw->registered) {
+		mutex_lock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
-	if (oxfw->has_output)
-		snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
+		snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->rx_stream);
+		if (oxfw->has_output)
+			snd_oxfw_stream_update_simplex(oxfw, &oxfw->tx_stream);
 
-	mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
+		mutex_unlock(&oxfw->mutex);
 
-	if (oxfw->entry->vendor_id == OUI_STANTON)
-		snd_oxfw_scs1x_update(oxfw);
+		if (oxfw->entry->vendor_id == OUI_STANTON)
+			snd_oxfw_scs1x_update(oxfw);
+	}
 }
 
 static void oxfw_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_oxfw *oxfw = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
-	/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(oxfw->card);
+	/*
+	 * Confirm to stop the work for registration before the sound card is
+	 * going to be released. The work is not scheduled again because bus
+	 * reset handler is not called anymore.
+	 */
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&oxfw->dwork);
+
+	if (oxfw->registered) {
+		/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(oxfw->card);
+	} else {
+		/* Don't forget this case. */
+		oxfw_free(oxfw);
+	}
 }
 
 static const struct compat_info griffin_firewave = {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
index 9beecc214..2047dcb27 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/oxfw/oxfw.h
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@
 struct snd_oxfw {
 	struct snd_card *card;
 	struct fw_unit *unit;
-	const struct device_info *device_info;
 	struct mutex mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
+	bool registered;
+	struct delayed_work dwork;
+
 	bool wrong_dbs;
 	bool has_output;
 	u8 *tx_stream_formats[SND_OXFW_STREAM_FORMAT_ENTRIES];
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
index 0e6dd5c61..4ad3bd7fd 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam-stream.c
@@ -381,19 +381,17 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
 	if (curr_rate != rate ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->tx_stream) ||
-	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->rx_stream)) {
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->rx_stream) ||
+	    amdtp_streaming_error(&tscm->tx_stream)) {
 		finish_session(tscm);
 
-		amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
 		amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
+		amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
 
 		release_resources(tscm);
 	}
 
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->tx_stream)) {
-		amdtp_stream_set_sync(CIP_SYNC_TO_DEVICE,
-				      &tscm->tx_stream, &tscm->rx_stream);
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->rx_stream)) {
 		err = keep_resources(tscm, rate);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
@@ -406,27 +404,27 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
 
-		err = amdtp_stream_start(&tscm->tx_stream,
-				tscm->tx_resources.channel,
+		err = amdtp_stream_start(&tscm->rx_stream,
+				tscm->rx_resources.channel,
 				fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->max_speed);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
 
-		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&tscm->tx_stream,
+		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&tscm->rx_stream,
 						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
 			goto error;
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->rx_stream)) {
-		err = amdtp_stream_start(&tscm->rx_stream,
-				tscm->rx_resources.channel,
+	if (!amdtp_stream_running(&tscm->tx_stream)) {
+		err = amdtp_stream_start(&tscm->tx_stream,
+				tscm->tx_resources.channel,
 				fw_parent_device(tscm->unit)->max_speed);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto error;
 
-		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&tscm->rx_stream,
+		if (!amdtp_stream_wait_callback(&tscm->tx_stream,
 						CALLBACK_TIMEOUT)) {
 			err = -ETIMEDOUT;
 			goto error;
@@ -435,8 +433,8 @@ int snd_tscm_stream_start_duplex(struct snd_tscm *tscm, unsigned int rate)
 
 	return 0;
 error:
-	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
 	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->rx_stream);
+	amdtp_stream_stop(&tscm->tx_stream);
 
 	finish_session(tscm);
 	release_resources(tscm);
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.c b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.c
index e281c338e..9dc93a7eb 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.c
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.c
@@ -85,10 +85,8 @@ static int identify_model(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static void tscm_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
+static void tscm_free(struct snd_tscm *tscm)
 {
-	struct snd_tscm *tscm = card->private_data;
-
 	snd_tscm_transaction_unregister(tscm);
 	snd_tscm_stream_destroy_duplex(tscm);
 
@@ -97,44 +95,36 @@ static void tscm_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 	mutex_destroy(&tscm->mutex);
 }
 
-static int snd_tscm_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
-			   const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+static void tscm_card_free(struct snd_card *card)
 {
-	struct snd_card *card;
-	struct snd_tscm *tscm;
+	tscm_free(card->private_data);
+}
+
+static void do_registration(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	struct snd_tscm *tscm = container_of(work, struct snd_tscm, dwork.work);
 	int err;
 
-	/* create card */
-	err = snd_card_new(&unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,
-			   sizeof(struct snd_tscm), &card);
+	err = snd_card_new(&tscm->unit->device, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE, 0,
+			   &tscm->card);
 	if (err < 0)
-		return err;
-	card->private_free = tscm_card_free;
-
-	/* initialize myself */
-	tscm = card->private_data;
-	tscm->card = card;
-	tscm->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
-
-	mutex_init(&tscm->mutex);
-	spin_lock_init(&tscm->lock);
-	init_waitqueue_head(&tscm->hwdep_wait);
+		return;
 
 	err = identify_model(tscm);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	snd_tscm_proc_init(tscm);
-
-	err = snd_tscm_stream_init_duplex(tscm);
+	err = snd_tscm_transaction_register(tscm);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_tscm_create_pcm_devices(tscm);
+	err = snd_tscm_stream_init_duplex(tscm);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_tscm_transaction_register(tscm);
+	snd_tscm_proc_init(tscm);
+
+	err = snd_tscm_create_pcm_devices(tscm);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
@@ -146,35 +136,91 @@ static int snd_tscm_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	err = snd_card_register(card);
+	err = snd_card_register(tscm->card);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto error;
 
-	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, tscm);
+	/*
+	 * After registered, tscm instance can be released corresponding to
+	 * releasing the sound card instance.
+	 */
+	tscm->card->private_free = tscm_card_free;
+	tscm->card->private_data = tscm;
+	tscm->registered = true;
 
-	return err;
+	return;
 error:
-	snd_card_free(card);
-	return err;
+	snd_tscm_transaction_unregister(tscm);
+	snd_tscm_stream_destroy_duplex(tscm);
+	snd_card_free(tscm->card);
+	dev_info(&tscm->unit->device,
+		 "Sound card registration failed: %d\n", err);
+}
+
+static int snd_tscm_probe(struct fw_unit *unit,
+			   const struct ieee1394_device_id *entry)
+{
+	struct snd_tscm *tscm;
+
+	/* Allocate this independent of sound card instance. */
+	tscm = kzalloc(sizeof(struct snd_tscm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (tscm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* initialize myself */
+	tscm->unit = fw_unit_get(unit);
+	dev_set_drvdata(&unit->device, tscm);
+
+	mutex_init(&tscm->mutex);
+	spin_lock_init(&tscm->lock);
+	init_waitqueue_head(&tscm->hwdep_wait);
+
+	/* Allocate and register this sound card later. */
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&tscm->dwork, do_registration);
+	snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &tscm->dwork);
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void snd_tscm_update(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_tscm *tscm = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
+	/* Postpone a workqueue for deferred registration. */
+	if (!tscm->registered)
+		snd_fw_schedule_registration(unit, &tscm->dwork);
+
 	snd_tscm_transaction_reregister(tscm);
 
-	mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
-	snd_tscm_stream_update_duplex(tscm);
-	mutex_unlock(&tscm->mutex);
+	/*
+	 * After registration, userspace can start packet streaming, then this
+	 * code block works fine.
+	 */
+	if (tscm->registered) {
+		mutex_lock(&tscm->mutex);
+		snd_tscm_stream_update_duplex(tscm);
+		mutex_unlock(&tscm->mutex);
+	}
 }
 
 static void snd_tscm_remove(struct fw_unit *unit)
 {
 	struct snd_tscm *tscm = dev_get_drvdata(&unit->device);
 
-	/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
-	snd_card_free_when_closed(tscm->card);
+	/*
+	 * Confirm to stop the work for registration before the sound card is
+	 * going to be released. The work is not scheduled again because bus
+	 * reset handler is not called anymore.
+	 */
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&tscm->dwork);
+
+	if (tscm->registered) {
+		/* No need to wait for releasing card object in this context. */
+		snd_card_free_when_closed(tscm->card);
+	} else {
+		/* Don't forget this case. */
+		tscm_free(tscm);
+	}
 }
 
 static const struct ieee1394_device_id snd_tscm_id_table[] = {
diff --git a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
index 30ab77e92..1f6101157 100644
--- a/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
+++ b/sound/firewire/tascam/tascam.h
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ struct snd_tscm {
 	struct mutex mutex;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 
+	bool registered;
+	struct delayed_work dwork;
 	const struct snd_tscm_spec *spec;
 
 	struct fw_iso_resources tx_resources;