Initial import

1 files changed, 1858 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14a305bd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emupcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1858 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
+ *                   Creative Labs, Inc.
+ *  Routines for control of EMU10K1 chips / PCM routines
+ *  Multichannel PCM support Copyright (c) Lee Revell <rlrevell@joe-job.com>
+ *
+ *  BUGS:
+ *    --
+ *
+ *  TODO:
+ *    --
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/pci.h>
+#include <linux/delay.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/emu10k1.h>
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+				      struct snd_emu10k1_voice *voice)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+
+	if ((epcm = voice->epcm) == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (epcm->substream == NULL)
+		return;
+#if 0
+	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
+		"IRQ: position = 0x%x, period = 0x%x, size = 0x%x\n",
+			epcm->substream->runtime->hw->pointer(emu, epcm->substream),
+			snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(epcm->substream),
+			snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(epcm->substream));
+#endif
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(epcm->substream);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97adc_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+					      unsigned int status)
+{
+#if 0
+	if (status & IPR_ADCBUFHALFFULL) {
+		if (emu->pcm_capture_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
+			return;
+	}
+#endif
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_substream);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97mic_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+					      unsigned int status)
+{
+#if 0
+	if (status & IPR_MICBUFHALFFULL) {
+		if (emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
+			return;
+	}
+#endif
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_interrupt(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+					  unsigned int status)
+{
+#if 0
+	if (status & IPR_EFXBUFHALFFULL) {
+		if (emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream->runtime->mode == SNDRV_PCM_MODE_FRAME)
+			return;
+	}
+#endif
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream);
+}	 
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int ptr;
+
+	if (!epcm->running)
+		return 0;
+	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, CCCA, epcm->voices[0]->number) & 0x00ffffff;
+	ptr += runtime->buffer_size;
+	ptr -= epcm->ccca_start_addr;
+	ptr %= runtime->buffer_size;
+
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_channel_alloc(struct snd_emu10k1_pcm * epcm, int voices)
+{
+	int err, i;
+
+	if (epcm->voices[1] != NULL && voices < 2) {
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[1]);
+		epcm->voices[1] = NULL;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < voices; i++) {
+		if (epcm->voices[i] == NULL)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i == voices)
+		return 0; /* already allocated */
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(epcm->voices); i++) {
+		if (epcm->voices[i]) {
+			snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[i]);
+			epcm->voices[i] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	err = snd_emu10k1_voice_alloc(epcm->emu,
+				      epcm->type == PLAYBACK_EMUVOICE ? EMU10K1_PCM : EMU10K1_EFX,
+				      voices,
+				      &epcm->voices[0]);
+	
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	epcm->voices[0]->epcm = epcm;
+	if (voices > 1) {
+		for (i = 1; i < voices; i++) {
+			epcm->voices[i] = &epcm->emu->voices[epcm->voices[0]->number + i];
+			epcm->voices[i]->epcm = epcm;
+		}
+	}
+	if (epcm->extra == NULL) {
+		err = snd_emu10k1_voice_alloc(epcm->emu,
+					      epcm->type == PLAYBACK_EMUVOICE ? EMU10K1_PCM : EMU10K1_EFX,
+					      1,
+					      &epcm->extra);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			/*
+			dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "pcm_channel_alloc: "
+			       "failed extra: voices=%d, frame=%d\n",
+			       voices, frame);
+			*/
+			for (i = 0; i < voices; i++) {
+				snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[i]);
+				epcm->voices[i] = NULL;
+			}
+			return err;
+		}
+		epcm->extra->epcm = epcm;
+		epcm->extra->interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_interrupt;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned int capture_period_sizes[31] = {
+	384,	448,	512,	640,
+	384*2,	448*2,	512*2,	640*2,
+	384*4,	448*4,	512*4,	640*4,
+	384*8,	448*8,	512*8,	640*8,
+	384*16,	448*16,	512*16,	640*16,
+	384*32,	448*32,	512*32,	640*32,
+	384*64,	448*64,	512*64,	640*64,
+	384*128,448*128,512*128
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_capture_period_sizes = {
+	.count = 31,
+	.list = capture_period_sizes,
+	.mask = 0
+};
+
+static unsigned int capture_rates[8] = {
+	8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list hw_constraints_capture_rates = {
+	.count = 8,
+	.list = capture_rates,
+	.mask = 0
+};
+
+static unsigned int snd_emu10k1_capture_rate_reg(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	switch (rate) {
+	case 8000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
+	case 11025:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_11;
+	case 16000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_16;
+	case 22050:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_22;
+	case 24000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_24;
+	case 32000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_32;
+	case 44100:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_44;
+	case 48000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_48;
+	default:
+			snd_BUG();
+			return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned int snd_emu10k1_audigy_capture_rate_reg(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	switch (rate) {
+	case 8000:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
+	case 11025:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_11;
+	case 12000:	return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_12; /* really supported? */
+	case 16000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_16;
+	case 22050:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_22;
+	case 24000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_24;
+	case 32000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_32;
+	case 44100:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_44;
+	case 48000:	return ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_48;
+	default:
+			snd_BUG();
+			return A_ADCCR_SAMPLERATE_8;
+	}
+}
+
+static unsigned int emu10k1_calc_pitch_target(unsigned int rate)
+{
+	unsigned int pitch_target;
+
+	pitch_target = (rate << 8) / 375;
+	pitch_target = (pitch_target >> 1) + (pitch_target & 1);
+	return pitch_target;
+}
+
+#define PITCH_48000 0x00004000
+#define PITCH_96000 0x00008000
+#define PITCH_85000 0x00007155
+#define PITCH_80726 0x00006ba2
+#define PITCH_67882 0x00005a82
+#define PITCH_57081 0x00004c1c
+
+static unsigned int emu10k1_select_interprom(unsigned int pitch_target)
+{
+	if (pitch_target == PITCH_48000)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_0;
+	else if (pitch_target < PITCH_48000)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_1;
+	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_96000)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_0;
+	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_85000)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_6;
+	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_80726)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_5;
+	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_67882)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_4;
+	else if (pitch_target >= PITCH_57081)
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_3;
+	else  
+		return CCCA_INTERPROM_2;
+}
+
+/*
+ * calculate cache invalidate size 
+ *
+ * stereo: channel is stereo
+ * w_16: using 16bit samples
+ *
+ * returns: cache invalidate size in samples
+ */
+static inline int emu10k1_ccis(int stereo, int w_16)
+{
+	if (w_16) {
+		return stereo ? 24 : 26;
+	} else {
+		return stereo ? 24*2 : 26*2;
+	}
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+				       int master, int extra,
+				       struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
+				       unsigned int start_addr,
+				       unsigned int end_addr,
+				       struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = evoice->epcm->substream;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	unsigned int silent_page, tmp;
+	int voice, stereo, w_16;
+	unsigned char attn, send_amount[8];
+	unsigned char send_routing[8];
+	unsigned long flags;
+	unsigned int pitch_target;
+	unsigned int ccis;
+
+	voice = evoice->number;
+	stereo = runtime->channels == 2;
+	w_16 = snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) == 16;
+
+	if (!extra && stereo) {
+		start_addr >>= 1;
+		end_addr >>= 1;
+	}
+	if (w_16) {
+		start_addr >>= 1;
+		end_addr >>= 1;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&emu->reg_lock, flags);
+
+	/* volume parameters */
+	if (extra) {
+		attn = 0;
+		memset(send_routing, 0, sizeof(send_routing));
+		send_routing[0] = 0;
+		send_routing[1] = 1;
+		send_routing[2] = 2;
+		send_routing[3] = 3;
+		memset(send_amount, 0, sizeof(send_amount));
+	} else {
+		/* mono, left, right (master voice = left) */
+		tmp = stereo ? (master ? 1 : 2) : 0;
+		memcpy(send_routing, &mix->send_routing[tmp][0], 8);
+		memcpy(send_amount, &mix->send_volume[tmp][0], 8);
+	}
+
+	ccis = emu10k1_ccis(stereo, w_16);
+	
+	if (master) {
+		evoice->epcm->ccca_start_addr = start_addr + ccis;
+		if (extra) {
+			start_addr += ccis;
+			end_addr += ccis + emu->delay_pcm_irq;
+		}
+		if (stereo && !extra) {
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF, voice, CPF_STEREO_MASK);
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF, (voice + 1), CPF_STEREO_MASK);
+		} else {
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF, voice, 0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* setup routing */
+	if (emu->audigy) {
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXRT1, voice,
+				      snd_emu10k1_compose_audigy_fxrt1(send_routing));
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXRT2, voice,
+				      snd_emu10k1_compose_audigy_fxrt2(send_routing));
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_SENDAMOUNTS, voice,
+				      ((unsigned int)send_amount[4] << 24) |
+				      ((unsigned int)send_amount[5] << 16) |
+				      ((unsigned int)send_amount[6] << 8) |
+				      (unsigned int)send_amount[7]);
+	} else
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXRT, voice,
+				      snd_emu10k1_compose_send_routing(send_routing));
+	/* Stop CA */
+	/* Assumption that PT is already 0 so no harm overwriting */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PTRX, voice, (send_amount[0] << 8) | send_amount[1]);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, DSL, voice, end_addr | (send_amount[3] << 24));
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PSST, voice,
+			(start_addr + (extra ? emu->delay_pcm_irq : 0)) |
+			(send_amount[2] << 24));
+	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model)
+		pitch_target = PITCH_48000; /* Disable interpolators on emu1010 card */
+	else 
+		pitch_target = emu10k1_calc_pitch_target(runtime->rate);
+	if (extra)
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCCA, voice, start_addr |
+			      emu10k1_select_interprom(pitch_target) |
+			      (w_16 ? 0 : CCCA_8BITSELECT));
+	else
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCCA, voice, (start_addr + ccis) |
+			      emu10k1_select_interprom(pitch_target) |
+			      (w_16 ? 0 : CCCA_8BITSELECT));
+	/* Clear filter delay memory */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, Z1, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, Z2, voice, 0);
+	/* invalidate maps */
+	silent_page = ((unsigned int)emu->silent_page.addr << emu->address_mode) | (emu->address_mode ? MAP_PTI_MASK1 : MAP_PTI_MASK0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, MAPA, voice, silent_page);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, MAPB, voice, silent_page);
+	/* modulation envelope */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CVCF, voice, 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, VTFT, voice, 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ATKHLDM, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, DCYSUSM, voice, 0x007f);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, LFOVAL1, voice, 0x8000);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, LFOVAL2, voice, 0x8000);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FMMOD, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, TREMFRQ, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FM2FRQ2, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ENVVAL, voice, 0x8000);
+	/* volume envelope */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ATKHLDV, voice, 0x7f7f);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ENVVOL, voice, 0x0000);
+	/* filter envelope */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PEFE_FILTERAMOUNT, voice, 0x7f);
+	/* pitch envelope */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PEFE_PITCHAMOUNT, voice, 0);
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&emu->reg_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+					  struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_emu10k1_pcm_channel_alloc(epcm, params_channels(hw_params))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params))) < 0)
+		return err;
+	if (err > 0) {	/* change */
+		int mapped;
+		if (epcm->memblk != NULL)
+			snd_emu10k1_free_pages(emu, epcm->memblk);
+		epcm->memblk = snd_emu10k1_alloc_pages(emu, substream);
+		epcm->start_addr = 0;
+		if (! epcm->memblk)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		mapped = ((struct snd_emu10k1_memblk *)epcm->memblk)->mapped_page;
+		if (mapped < 0)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		epcm->start_addr = mapped << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+
+	if (runtime->private_data == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	if (epcm->extra) {
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->extra);
+		epcm->extra = NULL;
+	}
+	if (epcm->voices[1]) {
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[1]);
+		epcm->voices[1] = NULL;
+	}
+	if (epcm->voices[0]) {
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[0]);
+		epcm->voices[0] = NULL;
+	}
+	if (epcm->memblk) {
+		snd_emu10k1_free_pages(emu, epcm->memblk);
+		epcm->memblk = NULL;
+		epcm->start_addr = 0;
+	}
+	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+	int i;
+
+	if (runtime->private_data == NULL)
+		return 0;
+	epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	if (epcm->extra) {
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->extra);
+		epcm->extra = NULL;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
+		if (epcm->voices[i]) {
+			snd_emu10k1_voice_free(epcm->emu, epcm->voices[i]);
+			epcm->voices[i] = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+	if (epcm->memblk) {
+		snd_emu10k1_free_pages(emu, epcm->memblk);
+		epcm->memblk = NULL;
+		epcm->start_addr = 0;
+	}
+	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int start_addr, end_addr;
+
+	start_addr = epcm->start_addr;
+	end_addr = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream);
+	if (runtime->channels == 2) {
+		start_addr >>= 1;
+		end_addr >>= 1;
+	}
+	end_addr += start_addr;
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 1, 1, epcm->extra,
+				   start_addr, end_addr, NULL);
+	start_addr = epcm->start_addr;
+	end_addr = epcm->start_addr + snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 1, 0, epcm->voices[0],
+				   start_addr, end_addr,
+				   &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number]);
+	if (epcm->voices[1])
+		snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 0, 0, epcm->voices[1],
+					   start_addr, end_addr,
+					   &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number]);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int start_addr, end_addr;
+	unsigned int channel_size;
+	int i;
+
+	start_addr = epcm->start_addr;
+	end_addr = epcm->start_addr + snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
+
+	/*
+	 * the kX driver leaves some space between voices
+	 */
+	channel_size = ( end_addr - start_addr ) / NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK;
+
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 1, 1, epcm->extra,
+				   start_addr, start_addr + (channel_size / 2), NULL);
+
+	/* only difference with the master voice is we use it for the pointer */
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 1, 0, epcm->voices[0],
+				   start_addr, start_addr + channel_size,
+				   &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[0]);
+
+	start_addr += channel_size;
+	for (i = 1; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
+		snd_emu10k1_pcm_init_voice(emu, 0, 0, epcm->voices[i],
+					   start_addr, start_addr + channel_size,
+					   &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i]);
+		start_addr += channel_size;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_efx_playback =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min =		48000,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK,
+	.channels_max =		NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		2,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+					 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	int idx;
+
+	/* zeroing the buffer size will stop capture */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, 0);
+	switch (epcm->type) {
+	case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, 0);
+		break;
+	case CAPTURE_EFX:
+		if (emu->audigy) {
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC1, 0, 0);
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC2, 0, 0);
+		} else
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, 0);
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}	
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_ba_reg, 0, runtime->dma_addr);
+	epcm->capture_bufsize = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
+	epcm->capture_bs_val = 0;
+	for (idx = 0; idx < 31; idx++) {
+		if (capture_period_sizes[idx] == epcm->capture_bufsize) {
+			epcm->capture_bs_val = idx + 1;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (epcm->capture_bs_val == 0) {
+		snd_BUG();
+		epcm->capture_bs_val++;
+	}
+	if (epcm->type == CAPTURE_AC97ADC) {
+		epcm->capture_cr_val = emu->audigy ? A_ADCCR_LCHANENABLE : ADCCR_LCHANENABLE;
+		if (runtime->channels > 1)
+			epcm->capture_cr_val |= emu->audigy ? A_ADCCR_RCHANENABLE : ADCCR_RCHANENABLE;
+		epcm->capture_cr_val |= emu->audigy ?
+			snd_emu10k1_audigy_capture_rate_reg(runtime->rate) :
+			snd_emu10k1_capture_rate_reg(runtime->rate);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_playback_invalidate_cache(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int extra, struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+	unsigned int voice, stereo, i, ccis, cra = 64, cs, sample;
+
+	if (evoice == NULL)
+		return;
+	runtime = evoice->epcm->substream->runtime;
+	voice = evoice->number;
+	stereo = (!extra && runtime->channels == 2);
+	sample = snd_pcm_format_width(runtime->format) == 16 ? 0 : 0x80808080;
+	ccis = emu10k1_ccis(stereo, sample == 0);
+	/* set cs to 2 * number of cache registers beside the invalidated */
+	cs = (sample == 0) ? (32-ccis) : (64-ccis+1) >> 1;
+	if (cs > 16) cs = 16;
+	for (i = 0; i < cs; i++) {
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CD0 + i, voice, sample);
+		if (stereo) {
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CD0 + i, voice + 1, sample);
+		}
+	}
+	/* reset cache */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_READADDRESS, voice, cra);
+	if (stereo) {
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE, voice + 1, 0);
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_READADDRESS, voice + 1, cra);
+	}
+	/* fill cache */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE, voice, ccis);
+	if (stereo) {
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCR_CACHEINVALIDSIZE, voice+1, ccis);
+	}
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice,
+					       int master, int extra,
+					       struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+	unsigned int attn, vattn;
+	unsigned int voice, tmp;
+
+	if (evoice == NULL)	/* skip second voice for mono */
+		return;
+	substream = evoice->epcm->substream;
+	runtime = substream->runtime;
+	voice = evoice->number;
+
+	attn = extra ? 0 : 0x00ff;
+	tmp = runtime->channels == 2 ? (master ? 1 : 2) : 0;
+	vattn = mix != NULL ? (mix->attn[tmp] << 16) : 0;
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, IFATN, voice, attn);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, VTFT, voice, vattn | 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CVCF, voice, vattn | 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, DCYSUSV, voice, 0x7f7f);
+	snd_emu10k1_voice_clear_loop_stop(emu, voice);
+}	
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice, int master, int extra)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+	unsigned int voice, pitch, pitch_target;
+
+	if (evoice == NULL)	/* skip second voice for mono */
+		return;
+	substream = evoice->epcm->substream;
+	runtime = substream->runtime;
+	voice = evoice->number;
+
+	pitch = snd_emu10k1_rate_to_pitch(runtime->rate) >> 8;
+	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model)
+		pitch_target = PITCH_48000; /* Disable interpolators on emu1010 card */
+	else 
+		pitch_target = emu10k1_calc_pitch_target(runtime->rate);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PTRX_PITCHTARGET, voice, pitch_target);
+	if (master || evoice->epcm->type == PLAYBACK_EFX)
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF_CURRENTPITCH, voice, pitch_target);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, IP, voice, pitch);
+	if (extra)
+		snd_emu10k1_voice_intr_enable(emu, voice);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, struct snd_emu10k1_voice *evoice)
+{
+	unsigned int voice;
+
+	if (evoice == NULL)
+		return;
+	voice = evoice->number;
+	snd_emu10k1_voice_intr_disable(emu, voice);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, PTRX_PITCHTARGET, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CPF_CURRENTPITCH, voice, 0);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, IFATN, voice, 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, VTFT, voice, 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CVCF, voice, 0xffff);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, IP, voice, 0);
+}
+
+static inline void snd_emu10k1_playback_mangle_extra(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu,
+		struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm,
+		struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+		struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	unsigned int ptr, period_pos;
+
+	/* try to sychronize the current position for the interrupt
+	   source voice */
+	period_pos = runtime->status->hw_ptr - runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt;
+	period_pos %= runtime->period_size;
+	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, CCCA, epcm->extra->number);
+	ptr &= ~0x00ffffff;
+	ptr |= epcm->ccca_start_addr + period_pos;
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, CCCA, epcm->extra->number, ptr);
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				        int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	/*
+	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
+		"trigger - emu10k1 = 0x%x, cmd = %i, pointer = %i\n",
+	       (int)emu, cmd, substream->ops->pointer(substream))
+	*/
+	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_invalidate_cache(emu, 1, epcm->extra);	/* do we need this? */
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_invalidate_cache(emu, 0, epcm->voices[0]);
+		/* follow thru */
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
+		if (cmd == SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE)
+			snd_emu10k1_playback_mangle_extra(emu, epcm, substream, runtime);
+		mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0], 1, 0, mix);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->voices[1], 0, 0, mix);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->extra, 1, 1, NULL);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0], 1, 0);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->voices[1], 0, 0);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->extra, 1, 1);
+		epcm->running = 1;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+		epcm->running = 0;
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0]);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->voices[1]);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				       int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
+		/* hmm this should cause full and half full interrupt to be raised? */
+		outl(epcm->capture_ipr, emu->port + IPR);
+		snd_emu10k1_intr_enable(emu, epcm->capture_inte);
+		/*
+		dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "adccr = 0x%x, adcbs = 0x%x\n",
+		       epcm->adccr, epcm->adcbs);
+		*/
+		switch (epcm->type) {
+		case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val);
+			break;
+		case CAPTURE_EFX:
+			if (emu->audigy) {
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC1, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val);
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC2, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val2);
+				dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
+					"cr_val=0x%x, cr_val2=0x%x\n",
+					epcm->capture_cr_val,
+					epcm->capture_cr_val2);
+			} else
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, epcm->capture_cr_val);
+			break;
+		default:	
+			break;
+		}
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, epcm->capture_bs_val);
+		epcm->running = 1;
+		epcm->first_ptr = 1;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+		epcm->running = 0;
+		snd_emu10k1_intr_disable(emu, epcm->capture_inte);
+		outl(epcm->capture_ipr, emu->port + IPR);
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, epcm->capture_bs_reg, 0, 0);
+		switch (epcm->type) {
+		case CAPTURE_AC97ADC:
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, ADCCR, 0, 0);
+			break;
+		case CAPTURE_EFX:
+			if (emu->audigy) {
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC1, 0, 0);
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, A_FXWC2, 0, 0);
+			} else
+				snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, FXWC, 0, 0);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int ptr;
+
+	if (!epcm->running)
+		return 0;
+	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, CCCA, epcm->voices[0]->number) & 0x00ffffff;
+#if 0	/* Perex's code */
+	ptr += runtime->buffer_size;
+	ptr -= epcm->ccca_start_addr;
+	ptr %= runtime->buffer_size;
+#else	/* EMU10K1 Open Source code from Creative */
+	if (ptr < epcm->ccca_start_addr)
+		ptr += runtime->buffer_size - epcm->ccca_start_addr;
+	else {
+		ptr -= epcm->ccca_start_addr;
+		if (ptr >= runtime->buffer_size)
+			ptr -= runtime->buffer_size;
+	}
+#endif
+	/*
+	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
+	       "ptr = 0x%lx, buffer_size = 0x%lx, period_size = 0x%lx\n",
+	       (long)ptr, (long)runtime->buffer_size,
+	       (long)runtime->period_size);
+	*/
+	return ptr;
+}
+
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				        int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	int i;
+	int result = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		/* prepare voices */
+		for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {	
+			snd_emu10k1_playback_invalidate_cache(emu, 0, epcm->voices[i]);
+		}
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_invalidate_cache(emu, 1, epcm->extra);
+
+		/* follow thru */
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->extra, 1, 1, NULL);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0], 0, 0,
+						   &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[0]);
+		for (i = 1; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++)
+			snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i], 0, 0,
+							   &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i]);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->voices[0], 0, 0);
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->extra, 1, 1);
+		for (i = 1; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++)
+			snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i], 0, 0);
+		epcm->running = 1;
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+		epcm->running = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {	
+			snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->voices[i]);
+		}
+		snd_emu10k1_playback_stop_voice(emu, epcm->extra);
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return result;
+}
+
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm = runtime->private_data;
+	unsigned int ptr;
+
+	if (!epcm->running)
+		return 0;
+	if (epcm->first_ptr) {
+		udelay(50);	/* hack, it takes awhile until capture is started */
+		epcm->first_ptr = 0;
+	}
+	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, epcm->capture_idx_reg, 0) & 0x0000ffff;
+	return bytes_to_frames(runtime, ptr);
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Playback support device description
+ */
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_playback =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_96000,
+	.rate_min =		4000,
+	.rate_max =		96000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	64,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		1,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/*
+ *  Capture support device description
+ */
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_capture =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_48000,
+	.rate_min =		8000,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		2,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	384,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		2,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_capture_efx =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 | 
+				 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 | 
+				 SNDRV_PCM_RATE_176400 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000,
+	.rate_min =		44100,
+	.rate_max =		192000,
+	.channels_min =		8,
+	.channels_max =		8,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	384,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(64*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		2,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+/*
+ *
+ */
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, struct snd_kcontrol *kctl, int idx, int activate)
+{
+	struct snd_ctl_elem_id id;
+
+	if (! kctl)
+		return;
+	if (activate)
+		kctl->vd[idx].access &= ~SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+	else
+		kctl->vd[idx].access |= SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_ACCESS_INACTIVE;
+	snd_ctl_notify(emu->card, SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE |
+		       SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO,
+		       snd_ctl_build_ioff(&id, kctl, idx));
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int idx, int activate)
+{
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_send_routing, idx, activate);
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_send_volume, idx, activate);
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_attn, idx, activate);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int idx, int activate)
+{
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_send_routing, idx, activate);
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_send_volume, idx, activate);
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify1(emu, emu->ctl_efx_attn, idx, activate);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+	kfree(runtime->private_data);
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
+		mix = &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i];
+		mix->epcm = NULL;
+		snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(emu, i, 0);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int i;
+
+	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (epcm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	epcm->emu = emu;
+	epcm->type = PLAYBACK_EFX;
+	epcm->substream = substream;
+	
+	emu->pcm_playback_efx_substream = substream;
+
+	runtime->private_data = epcm;
+	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_efx_playback;
+	
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_EFX_PLAYBACK; i++) {
+		mix = &emu->efx_pcm_mixer[i];
+		mix->send_routing[0][0] = i;
+		memset(&mix->send_volume, 0, sizeof(mix->send_volume));
+		mix->send_volume[0][0] = 255;
+		mix->attn[0] = 0xffff;
+		mix->epcm = epcm;
+		snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_mixer_notify(emu, i, 1);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int i, err, sample_rate;
+
+	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (epcm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	epcm->emu = emu;
+	epcm->type = PLAYBACK_EMUVOICE;
+	epcm->substream = substream;
+	runtime->private_data = epcm;
+	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_playback;
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS)) < 0) {
+		kfree(epcm);
+		return err;
+	}
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 256, UINT_MAX)) < 0) {
+		kfree(epcm);
+		return err;
+	}
+	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model && emu->emu1010.internal_clock == 0)
+		sample_rate = 44100;
+	else
+		sample_rate = 48000;
+	err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_noresample(runtime, sample_rate);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(epcm);
+		return err;
+	}
+	mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];
+	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+		mix->send_routing[0][i] = mix->send_routing[1][i] = mix->send_routing[2][i] = i;
+	memset(&mix->send_volume, 0, sizeof(mix->send_volume));
+	mix->send_volume[0][0] = mix->send_volume[0][1] =
+	mix->send_volume[1][0] = mix->send_volume[2][1] = 255;
+	mix->attn[0] = mix->attn[1] = mix->attn[2] = 0xffff;
+	mix->epcm = epcm;
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(emu, substream->number, 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer *mix = &emu->pcm_mixer[substream->number];
+
+	mix->epcm = NULL;
+	snd_emu10k1_pcm_mixer_notify(emu, substream->number, 0);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+
+	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (epcm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	epcm->emu = emu;
+	epcm->type = CAPTURE_AC97ADC;
+	epcm->substream = substream;
+	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_ADCBUFFULL|IPR_ADCBUFHALFFULL;
+	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_ADCBUFENABLE;
+	epcm->capture_ba_reg = ADCBA;
+	epcm->capture_bs_reg = ADCBS;
+	epcm->capture_idx_reg = emu->audigy ? A_ADCIDX : ADCIDX;
+	runtime->private_data = epcm;
+	runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture;
+	emu->capture_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97adc_interrupt;
+	emu->pcm_capture_substream = substream;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, &hw_constraints_capture_period_sizes);
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, &hw_constraints_capture_rates);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	emu->capture_interrupt = NULL;
+	emu->pcm_capture_substream = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (epcm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	epcm->emu = emu;
+	epcm->type = CAPTURE_AC97MIC;
+	epcm->substream = substream;
+	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_MICBUFFULL|IPR_MICBUFHALFFULL;
+	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_MICBUFENABLE;
+	epcm->capture_ba_reg = MICBA;
+	epcm->capture_bs_reg = MICBS;
+	epcm->capture_idx_reg = emu->audigy ? A_MICIDX : MICIDX;
+	substream->runtime->private_data = epcm;
+	substream->runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture;
+	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000;
+	runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 8000;
+	runtime->hw.channels_min = 1;
+	emu->capture_mic_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_ac97mic_interrupt;
+	emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream = substream;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, &hw_constraints_capture_period_sizes);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	emu->capture_interrupt = NULL;
+	emu->pcm_capture_mic_substream = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_pcm *epcm;
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
+	int idx;
+
+	epcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*epcm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (epcm == NULL)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	epcm->emu = emu;
+	epcm->type = CAPTURE_EFX;
+	epcm->substream = substream;
+	epcm->capture_ipr = IPR_EFXBUFFULL|IPR_EFXBUFHALFFULL;
+	epcm->capture_inte = INTE_EFXBUFENABLE;
+	epcm->capture_ba_reg = FXBA;
+	epcm->capture_bs_reg = FXBS;
+	epcm->capture_idx_reg = FXIDX;
+	substream->runtime->private_data = epcm;
+	substream->runtime->private_free = snd_emu10k1_pcm_free_substream;
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_capture_efx;
+	runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
+	runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 48000;
+	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model) {
+		/*  Nb. of channels has been increased to 16 */
+		/* TODO
+		 * SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE
+		 * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000 |
+		 * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_88200 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000 |
+		 * SNDRV_PCM_RATE_176400 | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000
+		 * rate_min = 44100,
+		 * rate_max = 192000,
+		 * channels_min = 16,
+		 * channels_max = 16,
+		 * Need to add mixer control to fix sample rate
+		 *                 
+		 * There are 32 mono channels of 16bits each.
+		 * 24bit Audio uses 2x channels over 16bit
+		 * 96kHz uses 2x channels over 48kHz
+		 * 192kHz uses 4x channels over 48kHz
+		 * So, for 48kHz 24bit, one has 16 channels
+		 * for 96kHz 24bit, one has 8 channels
+		 * for 192kHz 24bit, one has 4 channels
+		 *
+		 */
+#if 1
+		switch (emu->emu1010.internal_clock) {
+		case 0:
+			/* For 44.1kHz */
+			runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_44100;
+			runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 44100;
+			runtime->hw.channels_min =
+				runtime->hw.channels_max = 16;
+			break;
+		case 1:
+			/* For 48kHz */
+			runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000;
+			runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 48000;
+			runtime->hw.channels_min =
+				runtime->hw.channels_max = 16;
+			break;
+		}
+#endif
+#if 0
+		/* For 96kHz */
+		runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_96000;
+		runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 96000;
+		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 4;
+#endif
+#if 0
+		/* For 192kHz */
+		runtime->hw.rates = SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000;
+		runtime->hw.rate_min = runtime->hw.rate_max = 192000;
+		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 2;
+#endif
+		runtime->hw.formats = SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S32_LE;
+		/* efx_voices_mask[0] is expected to be zero
+ 		 * efx_voices_mask[1] is expected to have 32bits set
+		 */
+	} else {
+		runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = 0;
+		for (idx = 0; idx < nefx; idx++) {
+			if (emu->efx_voices_mask[idx/32] & (1 << (idx%32))) {
+				runtime->hw.channels_min++;
+				runtime->hw.channels_max++;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	epcm->capture_cr_val = emu->efx_voices_mask[0];
+	epcm->capture_cr_val2 = emu->efx_voices_mask[1];
+	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	emu->capture_efx_interrupt = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_interrupt;
+	emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream = substream;
+	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, &hw_constraints_capture_period_sizes);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+
+	emu->capture_interrupt = NULL;
+	emu->pcm_capture_efx_substream = NULL;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_playback_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_playback_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_playback_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_playback_pointer,
+	.page =			snd_pcm_sgbuf_ops_page,
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
+};
+
+/* EFX playback */
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_playback_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_pointer,
+	.page =			snd_pcm_sgbuf_ops_page,
+};
+
+int snd_emu10k1_pcm(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1", device, 32, 1, &pcm)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	pcm->private_data = emu;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_playback_ops);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_ops);
+
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	pcm->dev_subclass = SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_MIX;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "ADC Capture/Standard PCM Playback");
+	emu->pcm = pcm;
+
+	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
+		if ((err = snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG, snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 64*1024, 64*1024)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
+		snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 64*1024, 64*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_emu10k1_pcm_multi(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1", device, 1, 0, &pcm)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	pcm->private_data = emu;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_efx_playback_ops);
+
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	pcm->dev_subclass = SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_MIX;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "Multichannel Playback");
+	emu->pcm_multi = pcm;
+
+	for (substream = pcm->streams[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
+		if ((err = snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages(substream, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG, snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 64*1024, 64*1024)) < 0)
+			return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
+};
+
+int snd_emu10k1_pcm_mic(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1 mic", device, 0, 1, &pcm)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	pcm->private_data = emu;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_mic_ops);
+
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "Mic Capture");
+	emu->pcm_mic = pcm;
+
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 64*1024, 64*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_info(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_info *uinfo)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
+	uinfo->type = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_TYPE_BOOLEAN;
+	uinfo->count = nefx;
+	uinfo->value.integer.min = 0;
+	uinfo->value.integer.max = 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_get(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
+	int idx;
+	
+	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	for (idx = 0; idx < nefx; idx++)
+		ucontrol->value.integer.value[idx] = (emu->efx_voices_mask[idx / 32] & (1 << (idx % 32))) ? 1 : 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_put(struct snd_kcontrol *kcontrol, struct snd_ctl_elem_value *ucontrol)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_kcontrol_chip(kcontrol);
+	unsigned int nval[2], bits;
+	int nefx = emu->audigy ? 64 : 32;
+	int nefxb = emu->audigy ? 7 : 6;
+	int change, idx;
+	
+	nval[0] = nval[1] = 0;
+	for (idx = 0, bits = 0; idx < nefx; idx++)
+		if (ucontrol->value.integer.value[idx]) {
+			nval[idx / 32] |= 1 << (idx % 32);
+			bits++;
+		}
+		
+	for (idx = 0; idx < nefxb; idx++)
+		if (1 << idx == bits)
+			break;
+	
+	if (idx >= nefxb)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	change = (nval[0] != emu->efx_voices_mask[0]) ||
+		(nval[1] != emu->efx_voices_mask[1]);
+	emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = nval[0];
+	emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = nval[1];
+	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return change;
+}
+
+static struct snd_kcontrol_new snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask = {
+	.iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM,
+	.name = "Captured FX8010 Outputs",
+	.info = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_info,
+	.get = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_get,
+	.put = snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask_put
+};
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_capture_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_capture_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_capture_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_capture_pointer,
+};
+
+
+/* EFX playback */
+
+#define INITIAL_TRAM_SHIFT     14
+#define INITIAL_TRAM_POS(size) ((((size) / 2) - INITIAL_TRAM_SHIFT) - 1)
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_irq(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, void *private_data)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = private_data;
+	snd_pcm_period_elapsed(substream);
+}
+
+static void snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1(unsigned short *dst_left,
+						   unsigned short *dst_right,
+						   unsigned short *src,
+						   unsigned int count,
+						   unsigned int tram_shift)
+{
+	/*
+	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev,
+		"tram_poke1: dst_left = 0x%p, dst_right = 0x%p, "
+	       "src = 0x%p, count = 0x%x\n",
+	       dst_left, dst_right, src, count);
+	*/
+	if ((tram_shift & 1) == 0) {
+		while (count--) {
+			*dst_left-- = *src++;
+			*dst_right-- = *src++;
+		}
+	} else {
+		while (count--) {
+			*dst_right-- = *src++;
+			*dst_left-- = *src++;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void fx8010_pb_trans_copy(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+				 struct snd_pcm_indirect *rec, size_t bytes)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+	unsigned int tram_size = pcm->buffer_size;
+	unsigned short *src = (unsigned short *)(substream->runtime->dma_area + rec->sw_data);
+	unsigned int frames = bytes >> 2, count;
+	unsigned int tram_pos = pcm->tram_pos;
+	unsigned int tram_shift = pcm->tram_shift;
+
+	while (frames > tram_pos) {
+		count = tram_pos + 1;
+		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1((unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos,
+						       (unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos + tram_size / 2,
+						       src, count, tram_shift);
+		src += count * 2;
+		frames -= count;
+		tram_pos = (tram_size / 2) - 1;
+		tram_shift++;
+	}
+	snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_tram_poke1((unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos,
+					       (unsigned short *)emu->fx8010.etram_pages.area + tram_pos + tram_size / 2,
+					       src, frames, tram_shift);
+	tram_pos -= frames;
+	pcm->tram_pos = tram_pos;
+	pcm->tram_shift = tram_shift;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+
+	snd_pcm_indirect_playback_transfer(substream, &pcm->pcm_rec, fx8010_pb_trans_copy);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+						 struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
+{
+	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream, params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pcm->channels; i++)
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, TANKMEMADDRREGBASE + 0x80 + pcm->etram[i], 0, 0);
+	snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+	unsigned int i;
+	
+	/*
+	dev_dbg(emu->card->dev, "prepare: etram_pages = 0x%p, dma_area = 0x%x, "
+	       "buffer_size = 0x%x (0x%x)\n",
+	       emu->fx8010.etram_pages, runtime->dma_area,
+	       runtime->buffer_size, runtime->buffer_size << 2);
+	*/
+	memset(&pcm->pcm_rec, 0, sizeof(pcm->pcm_rec));
+	pcm->pcm_rec.hw_buffer_size = pcm->buffer_size * 2; /* byte size */
+	pcm->pcm_rec.sw_buffer_size = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
+	pcm->tram_pos = INITIAL_TRAM_POS(pcm->buffer_size);
+	pcm->tram_shift = 0;
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_running, 0, 0);	/* reset */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0, 0);	/* reset */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_size, 0, runtime->buffer_size);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_ptr, 0, 0);		/* reset ptr number */
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_count, 0, runtime->period_size);
+	snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_tmpcount, 0, runtime->period_size);
+	for (i = 0; i < pcm->channels; i++)
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, TANKMEMADDRREGBASE + 0x80 + pcm->etram[i], 0, (TANKMEMADDRREG_READ|TANKMEMADDRREG_ALIGN) + i * (runtime->buffer_size / pcm->channels));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+	int result = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
+		/* follow thru */
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
+#ifdef EMU10K1_SET_AC3_IEC958
+	{
+		int i;
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			unsigned int bits;
+			bits = SPCS_CLKACCY_1000PPM | SPCS_SAMPLERATE_48 |
+			       SPCS_CHANNELNUM_LEFT | SPCS_SOURCENUM_UNSPEC | SPCS_GENERATIONSTATUS |
+			       0x00001200 | SPCS_EMPHASIS_NONE | SPCS_COPYRIGHT | SPCS_NOTAUDIODATA;
+			snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, SPCS0 + i, 0, bits);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+		result = snd_emu10k1_fx8010_register_irq_handler(emu, snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_irq, pcm->gpr_running, substream, &pcm->irq);
+		if (result < 0)
+			goto __err;
+		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer(substream);	/* roll the ball */
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0, 1);
+		break;
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
+	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
+		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_unregister_irq_handler(emu, pcm->irq); pcm->irq = NULL;
+		snd_emu10k1_ptr_write(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0, 0);
+		pcm->tram_pos = INITIAL_TRAM_POS(pcm->buffer_size);
+		pcm->tram_shift = 0;
+		break;
+	default:
+		result = -EINVAL;
+		break;
+	}
+      __err:
+	spin_unlock(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return result;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_uframes_t snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+	size_t ptr; /* byte pointer */
+
+	if (!snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_trigger, 0))
+		return 0;
+	ptr = snd_emu10k1_ptr_read(emu, emu->gpr_base + pcm->gpr_ptr, 0) << 2;
+	return snd_pcm_indirect_playback_pointer(substream, &pcm->pcm_rec, ptr);
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_hardware snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback =
+{
+	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP | SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
+				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |
+				 /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID | */ SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE),
+	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_U8 | SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
+	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
+	.rate_min =		48000,
+	.rate_max =		48000,
+	.channels_min =		1,
+	.channels_max =		1,
+	.buffer_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.period_bytes_min =	1024,
+	.period_bytes_max =	(128*1024),
+	.periods_min =		2,
+	.periods_max =		1024,
+	.fifo_size =		0,
+};
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+
+	runtime->hw = snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback;
+	runtime->hw.channels_min = runtime->hw.channels_max = pcm->channels;
+	runtime->hw.period_bytes_max = (pcm->buffer_size * 2) / 2;
+	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	if (pcm->valid == 0) {
+		spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+	pcm->opened = 1;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+	struct snd_emu10k1 *emu = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
+	struct snd_emu10k1_fx8010_pcm *pcm = &emu->fx8010.pcm[substream->number];
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	pcm->opened = 0;
+	spin_unlock_irq(&emu->reg_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct snd_pcm_ops snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_ops = {
+	.open =			snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_open,
+	.close =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_close,
+	.ioctl =		snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
+	.hw_params =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_params,
+	.hw_free =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_hw_free,
+	.prepare =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_prepare,
+	.trigger =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_trigger,
+	.pointer =		snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_pointer,
+	.ack =			snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_transfer,
+};
+
+int snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx(struct snd_emu10k1 *emu, int device)
+{
+	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+	struct snd_kcontrol *kctl;
+	int err;
+
+	if ((err = snd_pcm_new(emu->card, "emu10k1 efx", device, 8, 1, &pcm)) < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	pcm->private_data = emu;
+
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &snd_emu10k1_fx8010_playback_ops);
+	snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &snd_emu10k1_capture_efx_ops);
+
+	pcm->info_flags = 0;
+	strcpy(pcm->name, "Multichannel Capture/PT Playback");
+	emu->pcm_efx = pcm;
+
+	/* EFX capture - record the "FXBUS2" channels, by default we connect the EXTINs 
+	 * to these
+	 */	
+	
+	/* emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = FXWC_DEFAULTROUTE_C | FXWC_DEFAULTROUTE_A; */
+	if (emu->audigy) {
+		emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = 0;
+		if (emu->card_capabilities->emu_model)
+			/* Pavel Hofman - 32 voices will be used for
+			 * capture (write mode) -
+			 * each bit = corresponding voice
+			 */
+			emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = 0xffffffff;
+		else
+			emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = 0xffff;
+	} else {
+		emu->efx_voices_mask[0] = 0xffff0000;
+		emu->efx_voices_mask[1] = 0;
+	}
+	/* For emu1010, the control has to set 32 upper bits (voices)
+	 * out of the 64 bits (voices) to true for the 16-channels capture
+	 * to work correctly. Correct A_FXWC2 initial value (0xffffffff)
+	 * is already defined but the snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask
+	 * control can override this register's value.
+	 */
+	kctl = snd_ctl_new1(&snd_emu10k1_pcm_efx_voices_mask, emu);
+	if (!kctl)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	kctl->id.device = device;
+	snd_ctl_add(emu->card, kctl);
+
+	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV, snd_dma_pci_data(emu->pci), 64*1024, 64*1024);
+
+	return 0;
+}