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+ALPS Touchpad Protocol
+----------------------
+
+Introduction
+------------
+Currently the ALPS touchpad driver supports seven protocol versions in use by
+ALPS touchpads, called versions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
+
+Since roughly mid-2010 several new ALPS touchpads have been released and
+integrated into a variety of laptops and netbooks. These new touchpads
+have enough behavior differences that the alps_model_data definition
+table, describing the properties of the different versions, is no longer
+adequate. The design choices were to re-define the alps_model_data
+table, with the risk of regression testing existing devices, or isolate
+the new devices outside of the alps_model_data table. The latter design
+choice was made. The new touchpad signatures are named: "Rushmore",
+"Pinnacle", and "Dolphin", which you will see in the alps.c code.
+For the purposes of this document, this group of ALPS touchpads will
+generically be called "new ALPS touchpads".
+
+We experimented with probing the ACPI interface _HID (Hardware ID)/_CID
+(Compatibility ID) definition as a way to uniquely identify the
+different ALPS variants but there did not appear to be a 1:1 mapping.
+In fact, it appeared to be an m:n mapping between the _HID and actual
+hardware type.
+
+Detection
+---------
+
+All ALPS touchpads should respond to the "E6 report" command sequence:
+E8-E6-E6-E6-E9. An ALPS touchpad should respond with either 00-00-0A or
+00-00-64 if no buttons are pressed. The bits 0-2 of the first byte will be 1s
+if some buttons are pressed.
+
+If the E6 report is successful, the touchpad model is identified using the "E7
+report" sequence: E8-E7-E7-E7-E9. The response is the model signature and is
+matched against known models in the alps_model_data_array.
+
+For older touchpads supporting protocol versions 3 and 4, the E7 report
+model signature is always 73-02-64. To differentiate between these
+versions, the response from the "Enter Command Mode" sequence must be
+inspected as described below.
+
+The new ALPS touchpads have an E7 signature of 73-03-50 or 73-03-0A but
+seem to be better differentiated by the EC Command Mode response.
+
+Command Mode
+------------
+
+Protocol versions 3 and 4 have a command mode that is used to read and write
+one-byte device registers in a 16-bit address space. The command sequence
+EC-EC-EC-E9 places the device in command mode, and the device will respond
+with 88-07 followed by a third byte. This third byte can be used to determine
+whether the devices uses the version 3 or 4 protocol.
+
+To exit command mode, PSMOUSE_CMD_SETSTREAM (EA) is sent to the touchpad.
+
+While in command mode, register addresses can be set by first sending a
+specific command, either EC for v3 devices or F5 for v4 devices. Then the
+address is sent one nibble at a time, where each nibble is encoded as a
+command with optional data. This encoding differs slightly between the v3 and
+v4 protocols.
+
+Once an address has been set, the addressed register can be read by sending
+PSMOUSE_CMD_GETINFO (E9). The first two bytes of the response contains the
+address of the register being read, and the third contains the value of the
+register. Registers are written by writing the value one nibble at a time
+using the same encoding used for addresses.
+
+For the new ALPS touchpads, the EC command is used to enter command
+mode. The response in the new ALPS touchpads is significantly different,
+and more important in determining the behavior. This code has been
+separated from the original alps_model_data table and put in the
+alps_identify function. For example, there seem to be two hardware init
+sequences for the "Dolphin" touchpads as determined by the second byte
+of the EC response.
+
+Packet Format
+-------------
+
+In the following tables, the following notation is used.
+
+ CAPITALS = stick, miniscules = touchpad
+
+?'s can have different meanings on different models, such as wheel rotation,
+extra buttons, stick buttons on a dualpoint, etc.
+
+PS/2 packet format
+------------------
+
+ byte 0: 0 0 YSGN XSGN 1 M R L
+ byte 1: X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
+ byte 2: Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
+
+Note that the device never signals overflow condition.
+
+For protocol version 2 devices when the trackpoint is used, and no fingers
+are on the touchpad, the M R L bits signal the combined status of both the
+pointingstick and touchpad buttons.
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 1
+--------------------------------------
+
+ byte 0: 1 0 0 0 1 x9 x8 x7
+ byte 1: 0 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 ? ? l r ? fin ges
+ byte 3: 0 ? ? ? ? y9 y8 y7
+ byte 4: 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 5: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 2
+---------------------------------------
+
+ byte 0: 1 ? ? ? 1 PSM PSR PSL
+ byte 1: 0 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 x10 x9 x8 x7 ? fin ges
+ byte 3: 0 y9 y8 y7 1 M R L
+ byte 4: 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 5: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+Protocol Version 2 DualPoint devices send standard PS/2 mouse packets for
+the DualPoint Stick. For non interleaved dualpoint devices the pointingstick
+buttons get reported separately in the PSM, PSR and PSL bits.
+
+Dualpoint device -- interleaved packet format
+---------------------------------------------
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 x10 x9 x8 x7 0 fin ges
+ byte 3: 0 0 YSGN XSGN 1 1 1 1
+ byte 4: X7 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
+ byte 5: Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
+ byte 6: 0 y9 y8 y7 1 m r l
+ byte 7: 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 8: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+Devices which use the interleaving format normally send standard PS/2 mouse
+packets for the DualPoint Stick + ALPS Absolute Mode packets for the
+touchpad, switching to the interleaved packet format when both the stick and
+the touchpad are used at the same time.
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 3
+---------------------------------------
+
+ALPS protocol version 3 has three different packet formats. The first two are
+associated with touchpad events, and the third is associated with trackstick
+events.
+
+The first type is the touchpad position packet.
+
+ byte 0: 1 ? x1 x0 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 x10 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 x4
+ byte 2: 0 y10 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 y4
+ byte 3: 0 M R L 1 m r l
+ byte 4: 0 mt x3 x2 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 5: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+Note that for some devices the trackstick buttons are reported in this packet,
+and on others it is reported in the trackstick packets.
+
+The second packet type contains bitmaps representing the x and y axes. In the
+bitmaps a given bit is set if there is a finger covering that position on the
+given axis. Thus the bitmap packet can be used for low-resolution multi-touch
+data, although finger tracking is not possible. This packet also encodes the
+number of contacts (f1 and f0 in the table below).
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 x1 x0 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 x8 x7 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2
+ byte 2: 0 y7 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1
+ byte 3: 0 y10 y9 y8 1 1 1 1
+ byte 4: 0 x14 x13 x12 x11 x10 x9 y0
+ byte 5: 0 1 ? ? ? ? f1 f0
+
+This packet only appears after a position packet with the mt bit set, and
+usually only appears when there are two or more contacts (although
+occasionally it's seen with only a single contact).
+
+The final v3 packet type is the trackstick packet.
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 x7 y7 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 3: 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
+ byte 4: 0 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0 ? ?
+ byte 5: 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 4
+---------------------------------------
+
+Protocol version 4 has an 8-byte packet format.
+
+ byte 0: 1 ? x1 x0 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 x10 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 x4
+ byte 2: 0 y10 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5 y4
+ byte 3: 0 1 x3 x2 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 4: 0 ? ? ? 1 ? r l
+ byte 5: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+ byte 6: bitmap data (described below)
+ byte 7: bitmap data (described below)
+
+The last two bytes represent a partial bitmap packet, with 3 full packets
+required to construct a complete bitmap packet. Once assembled, the 6-byte
+bitmap packet has the following format:
+
+ byte 0: 0 1 x7 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2
+ byte 1: 0 x1 x0 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 2: 0 0 ? x14 x13 x12 x11 x10
+ byte 3: 0 x9 x8 y9 y8 y7 y6 y5
+ byte 4: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+ byte 5: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y10
+
+There are several things worth noting here.
+
+ 1) In the bitmap data, bit 6 of byte 0 serves as a sync byte to
+ identify the first fragment of a bitmap packet.
+
+ 2) The bitmaps represent the same data as in the v3 bitmap packets, although
+ the packet layout is different.
+
+ 3) There doesn't seem to be a count of the contact points anywhere in the v4
+ protocol packets. Deriving a count of contact points must be done by
+ analyzing the bitmaps.
+
+ 4) There is a 3 to 1 ratio of position packets to bitmap packets. Therefore
+ MT position can only be updated for every third ST position update, and
+ the count of contact points can only be updated every third packet as
+ well.
+
+So far no v4 devices with tracksticks have been encountered.
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 5
+---------------------------------------
+This is basically Protocol Version 3 but with different logic for packet
+decode. It uses the same alps_process_touchpad_packet_v3 call with a
+specialized decode_fields function pointer to correctly interpret the
+packets. This appears to only be used by the Dolphin devices.
+
+For single-touch, the 6-byte packet format is:
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
+ byte 1: 0 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 3: 0 M R L 1 m r l
+ byte 4: y10 y9 y8 y7 x10 x9 x8 x7
+ byte 5: 0 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+For mt, the format is:
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 1 n3 1 n2 n1 x24
+ byte 1: 1 y7 y6 y5 y4 y3 y2 y1
+ byte 2: ? x2 x1 y12 y11 y10 y9 y8
+ byte 3: 0 x23 x22 x21 x20 x19 x18 x17
+ byte 4: 0 x9 x8 x7 x6 x5 x4 x3
+ byte 5: 0 x16 x15 x14 x13 x12 x11 x10
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 6
+---------------------------------------
+
+For trackstick packet, the format is:
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 X6 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
+ byte 2: 0 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
+ byte 3: ? Y7 X7 ? ? M R L
+ byte 4: Z7 Z6 Z5 Z4 Z3 Z2 Z1 Z0
+ byte 5: 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+
+For touchpad packet, the format is:
+
+ byte 0: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ byte 1: 0 0 0 0 x3 x2 x1 x0
+ byte 2: 0 0 0 0 y3 y2 y1 y0
+ byte 3: ? x7 x6 x5 x4 ? r l
+ byte 4: ? y7 y6 y5 y4 ? ? ?
+ byte 5: z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0
+
+(v6 touchpad does not have middle button)
+
+ALPS Absolute Mode - Protocol Version 7
+---------------------------------------
+
+For trackstick packet, the format is:
+
+ byte 0: 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
+ byte 1: 1 1 * * 1 M R L
+ byte 2: X7 1 X5 X4 X3 X2 X1 X0
+ byte 3: Z6 1 Y6 X6 1 Y2 Y1 Y0
+ byte 4: Y7 0 Y5 Y4 Y3 1 1 0
+ byte 5: T&P 0 Z5 Z4 Z3 Z2 Z1 Z0
+
+For touchpad packet, the format is:
+
+ packet-fmt b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
+ byte 0: TWO & MULTI L 1 R M 1 Y0-2 Y0-1 Y0-0
+ byte 0: NEW L 1 X1-5 1 1 Y0-2 Y0-1 Y0-0
+ byte 1: Y0-10 Y0-9 Y0-8 Y0-7 Y0-6 Y0-5 Y0-4 Y0-3
+ byte 2: X0-11 1 X0-10 X0-9 X0-8 X0-7 X0-6 X0-5
+ byte 3: X1-11 1 X0-4 X0-3 1 X0-2 X0-1 X0-0
+ byte 4: TWO X1-10 TWO X1-9 X1-8 X1-7 X1-6 X1-5 X1-4
+ byte 4: MULTI X1-10 TWO X1-9 X1-8 X1-7 X1-6 Y1-5 1
+ byte 4: NEW X1-10 TWO X1-9 X1-8 X1-7 X1-6 0 0
+ byte 5: TWO & NEW Y1-10 0 Y1-9 Y1-8 Y1-7 Y1-6 Y1-5 Y1-4
+ byte 5: MULTI Y1-10 0 Y1-9 Y1-8 Y1-7 Y1-6 F-1 F-0
+
+ L: Left button
+ R / M: Non-clickpads: Right / Middle button
+ Clickpads: When > 2 fingers are down, and some fingers
+ are in the button area, then the 2 coordinates reported
+ are for fingers outside the button area and these report
+ extra fingers being present in the right / left button
+ area. Note these fingers are not added to the F field!
+ so if a TWO packet is received and R = 1 then there are
+ 3 fingers down, etc.
+ TWO: 1: Two touches present, byte 0/4/5 are in TWO fmt
+ 0: If byte 4 bit 0 is 1, then byte 0/4/5 are in MULTI fmt
+ otherwise byte 0 bit 4 must be set and byte 0/4/5 are
+ in NEW fmt
+ F: Number of fingers - 3, 0 means 3 fingers, 1 means 4 ...