Merge pull request #3384 from keszybz/localed-keymap

More verbose logging in localed, unit tests, and a few tweaks to keymap conversions

6 files changed, 1088 insertions, 742 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 091b400182..f7db68b4a6 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@
 /test-journal-stream
 /test-journal-syslog
 /test-journal-verify
+/test-keymap-util
 /test-libsystemd-sym*
 /test-libudev
 /test-libudev-sym*
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 528e0ced92..e8b50ce054 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -141,6 +141,10 @@ else
 noinst_PROGRAMS =
 TESTS =
 endif
+AM_TESTS_ENVIRONMENT = \
+	export SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP=$(abs_top_srcdir)/src/locale/kbd-model-map; \
+	export SYSTEMD_LANGUAGE_FALLBACK_MAP=$(abs_top_srcdir)/src/locale/language-fallback-map;
+
 if ENABLE_BASH_COMPLETION
 dist_bashcompletion_DATA = $(dist_bashcompletion_data)
 nodist_bashcompletion_DATA = $(nodist_bashcompletion_data)
@@ -213,6 +217,7 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/shared \
 	-I $(top_builddir)/src/shared \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/network \
+	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/locale \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/login \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/journal \
 	-I $(top_builddir)/src/journal \
@@ -4746,7 +4751,9 @@ BUSNAMES_TARGET_WANTS += \
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if ENABLE_LOCALED
 systemd_localed_SOURCES = \
-	src/locale/localed.c
+	src/locale/localed.c \
+	src/locale/keymap-util.c \
+	src/locale/keymap-util.h
 
 systemd_localed_LDADD = \
 	libshared.la \
@@ -4784,6 +4791,18 @@ dist_pkgdata_DATA = \
 	src/locale/kbd-model-map \
 	src/locale/language-fallback-map
 
+test_keymap_util_SOURCES = \
+	src/locale/test-keymap-util.c \
+	src/locale/keymap-util.c \
+	src/locale/keymap-util.h
+
+test_keymap_util_LDADD = \
+	libshared.la \
+	-ldl
+
+tests += \
+	test-keymap-util
+
 localectl_SOURCES = \
 	src/locale/localectl.c
 
diff --git a/src/locale/keymap-util.c b/src/locale/keymap-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6bcd1ad54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locale/keymap-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+  Copyright 2013 Kay Sievers
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "def.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio-label.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "keymap-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+
+static bool startswith_comma(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
+        s = startswith(s, prefix);
+        if (!s)
+                return false;
+
+        return *s == ',' || *s == '\0';
+}
+
+static const char* strnulldash(const char *s) {
+        return isempty(s) || streq(s, "-") ? NULL : s;
+}
+
+static const char* systemd_kbd_model_map(void) {
+        const char* s;
+
+        s = getenv("SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP");
+        if (s)
+                return s;
+
+        return SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP;
+}
+
+static const char* systemd_language_fallback_map(void) {
+        const char* s;
+
+        s = getenv("SYSTEMD_LANGUAGE_FALLBACK_MAP");
+        if (s)
+                return s;
+
+        return SYSTEMD_LANGUAGE_FALLBACK_MAP;
+}
+
+static void context_free_x11(Context *c) {
+        c->x11_layout = mfree(c->x11_layout);
+        c->x11_options = mfree(c->x11_options);
+        c->x11_model = mfree(c->x11_model);
+        c->x11_variant = mfree(c->x11_variant);
+}
+
+static void context_free_vconsole(Context *c) {
+        c->vc_keymap = mfree(c->vc_keymap);
+        c->vc_keymap_toggle = mfree(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
+}
+
+static void context_free_locale(Context *c) {
+        int p;
+
+        for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++)
+                c->locale[p] = mfree(c->locale[p]);
+}
+
+void context_free(Context *c) {
+        context_free_locale(c);
+        context_free_x11(c);
+        context_free_vconsole(c);
+};
+
+void locale_simplify(Context *c) {
+        int p;
+
+        for (p = VARIABLE_LANG+1; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++)
+                if (isempty(c->locale[p]) || streq_ptr(c->locale[VARIABLE_LANG], c->locale[p]))
+                        c->locale[p] = mfree(c->locale[p]);
+}
+
+static int locale_read_data(Context *c) {
+        int r;
+
+        context_free_locale(c);
+
+        r = parse_env_file("/etc/locale.conf", NEWLINE,
+                           "LANG",              &c->locale[VARIABLE_LANG],
+                           "LANGUAGE",          &c->locale[VARIABLE_LANGUAGE],
+                           "LC_CTYPE",          &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_CTYPE],
+                           "LC_NUMERIC",        &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_NUMERIC],
+                           "LC_TIME",           &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_TIME],
+                           "LC_COLLATE",        &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_COLLATE],
+                           "LC_MONETARY",       &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_MONETARY],
+                           "LC_MESSAGES",       &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_MESSAGES],
+                           "LC_PAPER",          &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_PAPER],
+                           "LC_NAME",           &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_NAME],
+                           "LC_ADDRESS",        &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_ADDRESS],
+                           "LC_TELEPHONE",      &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_TELEPHONE],
+                           "LC_MEASUREMENT",    &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_MEASUREMENT],
+                           "LC_IDENTIFICATION", &c->locale[VARIABLE_LC_IDENTIFICATION],
+                           NULL);
+
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                int p;
+
+                /* Fill in what we got passed from systemd. */
+                for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
+                        const char *name;
+
+                        name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                        assert(name);
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&c->locale[p], empty_to_null(getenv(name)));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                r = 0;
+        }
+
+        locale_simplify(c);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int vconsole_read_data(Context *c) {
+        int r;
+
+        context_free_vconsole(c);
+
+        r = parse_env_file("/etc/vconsole.conf", NEWLINE,
+                           "KEYMAP",        &c->vc_keymap,
+                           "KEYMAP_TOGGLE", &c->vc_keymap_toggle,
+                           NULL);
+
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int x11_read_data(Context *c) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
+        char line[LINE_MAX];
+        bool in_section = false;
+        int r;
+
+        context_free_x11(c);
+
+        f = fopen("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf", "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
+                char *l;
+
+                char_array_0(line);
+                l = strstrip(line);
+
+                if (l[0] == 0 || l[0] == '#')
+                        continue;
+
+                if (in_section && first_word(l, "Option")) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+
+                        r = strv_split_extract(&a, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (strv_length(a) == 3) {
+                                char **p = NULL;
+
+                                if (streq(a[1], "XkbLayout"))
+                                        p = &c->x11_layout;
+                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbModel"))
+                                        p = &c->x11_model;
+                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbVariant"))
+                                        p = &c->x11_variant;
+                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbOptions"))
+                                        p = &c->x11_options;
+
+                                if (p) {
+                                        free(*p);
+                                        *p = a[2];
+                                        a[2] = NULL;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                } else if (!in_section && first_word(l, "Section")) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+
+                        r = strv_split_extract(&a, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        if (strv_length(a) == 2 && streq(a[1], "InputClass"))
+                                in_section = true;
+
+                } else if (in_section && first_word(l, "EndSection"))
+                        in_section = false;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int context_read_data(Context *c) {
+        int r, q, p;
+
+        r = locale_read_data(c);
+        q = vconsole_read_data(c);
+        p = x11_read_data(c);
+
+        return r < 0 ? r : q < 0 ? q : p;
+}
+
+int locale_write_data(Context *c, char ***settings) {
+        int r, p;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+        /* Set values will be returned as strv in *settings on success. */
+
+        r = load_env_file(NULL, "/etc/locale.conf", NULL, &l);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+                char **u;
+                const char *name;
+
+                name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                assert(name);
+
+                if (isempty(c->locale[p])) {
+                        l = strv_env_unset(l, name);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (asprintf(&t, "%s=%s", name, c->locale[p]) < 0)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                u = strv_env_set(l, t);
+                if (!u)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                strv_free(l);
+                l = u;
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                if (unlink("/etc/locale.conf") < 0)
+                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = write_env_file_label("/etc/locale.conf", l);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *settings = l;
+        l = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int vconsole_write_data(Context *c) {
+        int r;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+        r = load_env_file(NULL, "/etc/vconsole.conf", NULL, &l);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                return r;
+
+        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap))
+                l = strv_env_unset(l, "KEYMAP");
+        else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+                char **u;
+
+                s = strappend("KEYMAP=", c->vc_keymap);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                u = strv_env_set(l, s);
+                if (!u)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                strv_free(l);
+                l = u;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle))
+                l = strv_env_unset(l, "KEYMAP_TOGGLE");
+        else  {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+                char **u;
+
+                s = strappend("KEYMAP_TOGGLE=", c->vc_keymap_toggle);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                u = strv_env_set(l, s);
+                if (!u)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                strv_free(l);
+                l = u;
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                if (unlink("/etc/vconsole.conf") < 0)
+                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return write_env_file_label("/etc/vconsole.conf", l);
+}
+
+int x11_write_data(Context *c) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *temp_path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (isempty(c->x11_layout) &&
+            isempty(c->x11_model) &&
+            isempty(c->x11_variant) &&
+            isempty(c->x11_options)) {
+
+                if (unlink("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf") < 0)
+                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        mkdir_p_label("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d", 0755);
+
+        r = fopen_temporary("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf", &f, &temp_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        fchmod(fileno(f), 0644);
+
+        fputs("# Read and parsed by systemd-localed. It's probably wise not to edit this file\n"
+              "# manually too freely.\n"
+              "Section \"InputClass\"\n"
+              "        Identifier \"system-keyboard\"\n"
+              "        MatchIsKeyboard \"on\"\n", f);
+
+        if (!isempty(c->x11_layout))
+                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbLayout\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_layout);
+
+        if (!isempty(c->x11_model))
+                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbModel\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_model);
+
+        if (!isempty(c->x11_variant))
+                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbVariant\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_variant);
+
+        if (!isempty(c->x11_options))
+                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbOptions\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_options);
+
+        fputs("EndSection\n", f);
+
+        r = fflush_and_check(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        if (rename(temp_path, "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf") < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        (void) unlink("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf");
+
+        if (temp_path)
+                (void) unlink(temp_path);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int read_next_mapping(const char* filename,
+                             unsigned min_fields, unsigned max_fields,
+                             FILE *f, unsigned *n, char ***a) {
+        assert(f);
+        assert(n);
+        assert(a);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char line[LINE_MAX];
+                char *l, **b;
+                int r;
+                size_t length;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
+
+                        if (ferror(f))
+                                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                (*n)++;
+
+                l = strstrip(line);
+                if (l[0] == 0 || l[0] == '#')
+                        continue;
+
+                r = strv_split_extract(&b, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                length = strv_length(b);
+                if (length < min_fields || length > max_fields) {
+                        log_error("Invalid line %s:%u, ignoring.", filename, *n);
+                        strv_free(b);
+                        continue;
+
+                }
+
+                *a = b;
+                return 1;
+        }
+}
+
+int vconsole_convert_to_x11(Context *c) {
+        const char *map;
+        int modified = -1;
+
+        map = systemd_kbd_model_map();
+
+        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap)) {
+                modified =
+                        !isempty(c->x11_layout) ||
+                        !isempty(c->x11_model) ||
+                        !isempty(c->x11_variant) ||
+                        !isempty(c->x11_options);
+
+                context_free_x11(c);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+                unsigned n = 0;
+
+                f = fopen(map, "re");
+                if (!f)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+                        int r;
+
+                        r = read_next_mapping(map, 5, UINT_MAX, f, &n, &a);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (!streq(c->vc_keymap, a[0]))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!streq_ptr(c->x11_layout, strnulldash(a[1])) ||
+                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_model, strnulldash(a[2])) ||
+                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_variant, strnulldash(a[3])) ||
+                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_options, strnulldash(a[4]))) {
+
+                                if (free_and_strdup(&c->x11_layout, strnulldash(a[1])) < 0 ||
+                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_model, strnulldash(a[2])) < 0 ||
+                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_variant, strnulldash(a[3])) < 0 ||
+                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_options, strnulldash(a[4])) < 0)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                                modified = true;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (modified > 0)
+                log_info("Changing X11 keyboard layout to '%s' model '%s' variant '%s' options '%s'",
+                         strempty(c->x11_layout),
+                         strempty(c->x11_model),
+                         strempty(c->x11_variant),
+                         strempty(c->x11_options));
+        else if (modified < 0)
+                log_notice("X11 keyboard layout was not modified: no conversion found for \"%s\".",
+                           c->vc_keymap);
+        else
+                log_debug("X11 keyboard layout did not need to be modified.");
+
+        return modified > 0;
+}
+
+int find_converted_keymap(const char *x11_layout, const char *x11_variant, char **new_keymap) {
+        const char *dir;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n;
+
+        if (x11_variant)
+                n = strjoin(x11_layout, "-", x11_variant, NULL);
+        else
+                n = strdup(x11_layout);
+        if (!n)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(dir, KBD_KEYMAP_DIRS) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *pz = NULL;
+                bool uncompressed;
+
+                p = strjoin(dir, "xkb/", n, ".map", NULL);
+                pz = strjoin(dir, "xkb/", n, ".map.gz", NULL);
+                if (!p || !pz)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                uncompressed = access(p, F_OK) == 0;
+                if (uncompressed || access(pz, F_OK) == 0) {
+                        log_debug("Found converted keymap %s at %s",
+                                  n, uncompressed ? p : pz);
+
+                        *new_keymap = n;
+                        n = NULL;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int find_legacy_keymap(Context *c, char **new_keymap) {
+        const char *map;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        unsigned best_matching = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(!isempty(c->x11_layout));
+
+        map = systemd_kbd_model_map();
+
+        f = fopen(map, "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+                unsigned matching = 0;
+
+                r = read_next_mapping(map, 5, UINT_MAX, f, &n, &a);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Determine how well matching this entry is */
+                if (streq(c->x11_layout, a[1]))
+                        /* If we got an exact match, this is best */
+                        matching = 10;
+                else {
+                        /* We have multiple X layouts, look for an
+                         * entry that matches our key with everything
+                         * but the first layout stripped off. */
+                        if (startswith_comma(c->x11_layout, a[1]))
+                                matching = 5;
+                        else  {
+                                char *x;
+
+                                /* If that didn't work, strip off the
+                                 * other layouts from the entry, too */
+                                x = strndupa(a[1], strcspn(a[1], ","));
+                                if (startswith_comma(c->x11_layout, x))
+                                        matching = 1;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (matching > 0) {
+                        if (isempty(c->x11_model) || streq_ptr(c->x11_model, a[2])) {
+                                matching++;
+
+                                if (streq_ptr(c->x11_variant, a[3])) {
+                                        matching++;
+
+                                        if (streq_ptr(c->x11_options, a[4]))
+                                                matching++;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* The best matching entry so far, then let's save that */
+                if (matching >= MAX(best_matching, 1u)) {
+                        log_debug("Found legacy keymap %s with score %u",
+                                  a[0], matching);
+
+                        if (matching > best_matching) {
+                                best_matching = matching;
+
+                                r = free_and_strdup(new_keymap, a[0]);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (best_matching < 10 && c->x11_layout) {
+                /* The best match is only the first part of the X11
+                 * keymap. Check if we have a converted map which
+                 * matches just the first layout.
+                 */
+                char *l, *v = NULL, *converted;
+
+                l = strndupa(c->x11_layout, strcspn(c->x11_layout, ","));
+                if (c->x11_variant)
+                        v = strndupa(c->x11_variant, strcspn(c->x11_variant, ","));
+                r = find_converted_keymap(l, v, &converted);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0) {
+                        free(*new_keymap);
+                        *new_keymap = converted;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return (bool) *new_keymap;
+}
+
+int find_language_fallback(const char *lang, char **language) {
+        const char *map;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+
+        assert(lang);
+        assert(language);
+
+        map = systemd_language_fallback_map();
+
+        f = fopen(map, "re");
+        if (!f)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = read_next_mapping(map, 2, 2, f, &n, &a);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (streq(lang, a[0])) {
+                        assert(strv_length(a) == 2);
+                        *language = a[1];
+                        a[1] = NULL;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        assert_not_reached("should not be here");
+}
+
+int x11_convert_to_vconsole(Context *c) {
+        bool modified = false;
+
+        if (isempty(c->x11_layout)) {
+                modified =
+                        !isempty(c->vc_keymap) ||
+                        !isempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
+
+                context_free_vconsole(c);
+        } else {
+                char *new_keymap = NULL;
+                int r;
+
+                r = find_converted_keymap(c->x11_layout, c->x11_variant, &new_keymap);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r == 0) {
+                        r = find_legacy_keymap(c, &new_keymap);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        /* We search for layout-variant match first, but then we also look
+                         * for anything which matches just the layout. So it's accurate to say
+                         * that we couldn't find anything which matches the layout. */
+                        log_notice("No conversion to virtual console map found for \"%s\".",
+                                   c->x11_layout);
+
+                if (!streq_ptr(c->vc_keymap, new_keymap)) {
+                        free(c->vc_keymap);
+                        c->vc_keymap = new_keymap;
+                        c->vc_keymap_toggle = mfree(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
+                        modified = true;
+                } else
+                        free(new_keymap);
+        }
+
+        if (modified)
+                log_info("Changing virtual console keymap to '%s' toggle '%s'",
+                         strempty(c->vc_keymap), strempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle));
+        else
+                log_debug("Virtual console keymap was not modified.");
+
+        return modified;
+}
diff --git a/src/locale/keymap-util.h b/src/locale/keymap-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..20ef2a4a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locale/keymap-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
+  Copyright 2013 Kay Sievers
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "locale-util.h"
+
+typedef struct Context {
+        char *locale[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX];
+
+        char *x11_layout;
+        char *x11_model;
+        char *x11_variant;
+        char *x11_options;
+
+        char *vc_keymap;
+        char *vc_keymap_toggle;
+} Context;
+
+int find_converted_keymap(const char *x11_layout, const char *x11_variant, char **new_keymap);
+int find_legacy_keymap(Context *c, char **new_keymap);
+int find_language_fallback(const char *lang, char **language);
+
+int context_read_data(Context *c);
+void context_free(Context *c);
+int vconsole_convert_to_x11(Context *c);
+int vconsole_write_data(Context *c);
+int x11_convert_to_vconsole(Context *c);
+int x11_write_data(Context *c);
+void locale_simplify(Context *c);
+int locale_write_data(Context *c, char ***settings);
diff --git a/src/locale/localed.c b/src/locale/localed.c
index 6af59fc830..298f176e40 100644
--- a/src/locale/localed.c
+++ b/src/locale/localed.c
@@ -34,288 +34,16 @@
 #include "bus-message.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "def.h"
-#include "env-util.h"
-#include "fd-util.h"
-#include "fileio-label.h"
-#include "fileio.h"
+#include "keymap-util.h"
 #include "locale-util.h"
-#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "macro.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "selinux-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-enum {
-        /* We don't list LC_ALL here on purpose. People should be
-         * using LANG instead. */
-        LOCALE_LANG,
-        LOCALE_LANGUAGE,
-        LOCALE_LC_CTYPE,
-        LOCALE_LC_NUMERIC,
-        LOCALE_LC_TIME,
-        LOCALE_LC_COLLATE,
-        LOCALE_LC_MONETARY,
-        LOCALE_LC_MESSAGES,
-        LOCALE_LC_PAPER,
-        LOCALE_LC_NAME,
-        LOCALE_LC_ADDRESS,
-        LOCALE_LC_TELEPHONE,
-        LOCALE_LC_MEASUREMENT,
-        LOCALE_LC_IDENTIFICATION,
-        _LOCALE_MAX
-};
-
-static const char * const names[_LOCALE_MAX] = {
-        [LOCALE_LANG] = "LANG",
-        [LOCALE_LANGUAGE] = "LANGUAGE",
-        [LOCALE_LC_CTYPE] = "LC_CTYPE",
-        [LOCALE_LC_NUMERIC] = "LC_NUMERIC",
-        [LOCALE_LC_TIME] = "LC_TIME",
-        [LOCALE_LC_COLLATE] = "LC_COLLATE",
-        [LOCALE_LC_MONETARY] = "LC_MONETARY",
-        [LOCALE_LC_MESSAGES] = "LC_MESSAGES",
-        [LOCALE_LC_PAPER] = "LC_PAPER",
-        [LOCALE_LC_NAME] = "LC_NAME",
-        [LOCALE_LC_ADDRESS] = "LC_ADDRESS",
-        [LOCALE_LC_TELEPHONE] = "LC_TELEPHONE",
-        [LOCALE_LC_MEASUREMENT] = "LC_MEASUREMENT",
-        [LOCALE_LC_IDENTIFICATION] = "LC_IDENTIFICATION"
-};
-
-typedef struct Context {
-        char *locale[_LOCALE_MAX];
-
-        char *x11_layout;
-        char *x11_model;
-        char *x11_variant;
-        char *x11_options;
-
-        char *vc_keymap;
-        char *vc_keymap_toggle;
-
-        Hashmap *polkit_registry;
-} Context;
-
-static bool startswith_comma(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
-        const char *t;
-
-        return s && (t = startswith(s, prefix)) && (*t == ',');
-}
-
-static void context_free_x11(Context *c) {
-        c->x11_layout = mfree(c->x11_layout);
-        c->x11_options = mfree(c->x11_options);
-        c->x11_model = mfree(c->x11_model);
-        c->x11_variant = mfree(c->x11_variant);
-}
-
-static void context_free_vconsole(Context *c) {
-        c->vc_keymap = mfree(c->vc_keymap);
-        c->vc_keymap_toggle = mfree(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
-}
-
-static void context_free_locale(Context *c) {
-        int p;
-
-        for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++)
-                c->locale[p] = mfree(c->locale[p]);
-}
-
-static void context_free(Context *c) {
-        context_free_locale(c);
-        context_free_x11(c);
-        context_free_vconsole(c);
-
-        bus_verify_polkit_async_registry_free(c->polkit_registry);
-};
-
-static void locale_simplify(Context *c) {
-        int p;
-
-        for (p = LOCALE_LANG+1; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++)
-                if (isempty(c->locale[p]) || streq_ptr(c->locale[LOCALE_LANG], c->locale[p]))
-                        c->locale[p] = mfree(c->locale[p]);
-}
-
-static int locale_read_data(Context *c) {
-        int r;
-
-        context_free_locale(c);
-
-        r = parse_env_file("/etc/locale.conf", NEWLINE,
-                           "LANG",              &c->locale[LOCALE_LANG],
-                           "LANGUAGE",          &c->locale[LOCALE_LANGUAGE],
-                           "LC_CTYPE",          &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_CTYPE],
-                           "LC_NUMERIC",        &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_NUMERIC],
-                           "LC_TIME",           &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_TIME],
-                           "LC_COLLATE",        &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_COLLATE],
-                           "LC_MONETARY",       &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_MONETARY],
-                           "LC_MESSAGES",       &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_MESSAGES],
-                           "LC_PAPER",          &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_PAPER],
-                           "LC_NAME",           &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_NAME],
-                           "LC_ADDRESS",        &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_ADDRESS],
-                           "LC_TELEPHONE",      &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_TELEPHONE],
-                           "LC_MEASUREMENT",    &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_MEASUREMENT],
-                           "LC_IDENTIFICATION", &c->locale[LOCALE_LC_IDENTIFICATION],
-                           NULL);
-
-        if (r == -ENOENT) {
-                int p;
-
-                /* Fill in what we got passed from systemd. */
-                for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
-                        assert(names[p]);
-
-                        r = free_and_strdup(&c->locale[p], empty_to_null(getenv(names[p])));
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-                }
-
-                r = 0;
-        }
-
-        locale_simplify(c);
-        return r;
-}
-
-static int vconsole_read_data(Context *c) {
-        int r;
 
-        context_free_vconsole(c);
-
-        r = parse_env_file("/etc/vconsole.conf", NEWLINE,
-                           "KEYMAP",        &c->vc_keymap,
-                           "KEYMAP_TOGGLE", &c->vc_keymap_toggle,
-                           NULL);
-
-        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                return r;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int x11_read_data(Context *c) {
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
-        char line[LINE_MAX];
-        bool in_section = false;
-        int r;
-
-        context_free_x11(c);
-
-        f = fopen("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf", "re");
-        if (!f)
-                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
-
-        while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-                char *l;
-
-                char_array_0(line);
-                l = strstrip(line);
-
-                if (l[0] == 0 || l[0] == '#')
-                        continue;
-
-                if (in_section && first_word(l, "Option")) {
-                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
-
-                        r = strv_split_extract(&a, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        if (strv_length(a) == 3) {
-                                char **p = NULL;
-
-                                if (streq(a[1], "XkbLayout"))
-                                        p = &c->x11_layout;
-                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbModel"))
-                                        p = &c->x11_model;
-                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbVariant"))
-                                        p = &c->x11_variant;
-                                else if (streq(a[1], "XkbOptions"))
-                                        p = &c->x11_options;
-
-                                if (p) {
-                                        free(*p);
-                                        *p = a[2];
-                                        a[2] = NULL;
-                                }
-                        }
-
-                } else if (!in_section && first_word(l, "Section")) {
-                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
-
-                        r = strv_split_extract(&a, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-
-                        if (strv_length(a) == 2 && streq(a[1], "InputClass"))
-                                in_section = true;
-
-                } else if (in_section && first_word(l, "EndSection"))
-                        in_section = false;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int context_read_data(Context *c) {
-        int r, q, p;
-
-        r = locale_read_data(c);
-        q = vconsole_read_data(c);
-        p = x11_read_data(c);
-
-        return r < 0 ? r : q < 0 ? q : p;
-}
-
-static int locale_write_data(Context *c, char ***settings) {
-        int r, p;
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
-
-        /* Set values will be returned as strv in *settings on success. */
-
-        r = load_env_file(NULL, "/etc/locale.conf", NULL, &l);
-        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                return r;
-
-        for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
-                char **u;
-
-                assert(names[p]);
-
-                if (isempty(c->locale[p])) {
-                        l = strv_env_unset(l, names[p]);
-                        continue;
-                }
-
-                if (asprintf(&t, "%s=%s", names[p], c->locale[p]) < 0)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                u = strv_env_set(l, t);
-                if (!u)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                strv_free(l);
-                l = u;
-        }
-
-        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
-                if (unlink("/etc/locale.conf") < 0)
-                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        r = write_env_file_label("/etc/locale.conf", l);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        *settings = l;
-        l = NULL;
-        return 0;
-}
+static Hashmap *polkit_registry = NULL;
 
 static int locale_update_system_manager(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
         _cleanup_free_ char **l_unset = NULL;
@@ -327,30 +55,33 @@ static int locale_update_system_manager(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
 
         assert(bus);
 
-        l_unset = new0(char*, _LOCALE_MAX);
+        l_unset = new0(char*, _VARIABLE_LC_MAX);
         if (!l_unset)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        l_set = new0(char*, _LOCALE_MAX);
+        l_set = new0(char*, _VARIABLE_LC_MAX);
         if (!l_set)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        for (p = 0, c_set = 0, c_unset = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
-                assert(names[p]);
+        for (p = 0, c_set = 0, c_unset = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                assert(name);
 
                 if (isempty(c->locale[p]))
-                        l_unset[c_set++] = (char*) names[p];
+                        l_unset[c_set++] = (char*) name;
                 else {
                         char *s;
 
-                        if (asprintf(&s, "%s=%s", names[p], c->locale[p]) < 0)
+                        if (asprintf(&s, "%s=%s", name, c->locale[p]) < 0)
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
                         l_set[c_unset++] = s;
                 }
         }
 
-        assert(c_set + c_unset == _LOCALE_MAX);
+        assert(c_set + c_unset == _VARIABLE_LC_MAX);
         r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m,
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
@@ -374,124 +105,6 @@ static int locale_update_system_manager(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int vconsole_write_data(Context *c) {
-        int r;
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
-
-        r = load_env_file(NULL, "/etc/vconsole.conf", NULL, &l);
-        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                return r;
-
-        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap))
-                l = strv_env_unset(l, "KEYMAP");
-        else {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
-                char **u;
-
-                s = strappend("KEYMAP=", c->vc_keymap);
-                if (!s)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                u = strv_env_set(l, s);
-                if (!u)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                strv_free(l);
-                l = u;
-        }
-
-        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle))
-                l = strv_env_unset(l, "KEYMAP_TOGGLE");
-        else  {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
-                char **u;
-
-                s = strappend("KEYMAP_TOGGLE=", c->vc_keymap_toggle);
-                if (!s)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                u = strv_env_set(l, s);
-                if (!u)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                strv_free(l);
-                l = u;
-        }
-
-        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
-                if (unlink("/etc/vconsole.conf") < 0)
-                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        return write_env_file_label("/etc/vconsole.conf", l);
-}
-
-static int x11_write_data(Context *c) {
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *temp_path = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        if (isempty(c->x11_layout) &&
-            isempty(c->x11_model) &&
-            isempty(c->x11_variant) &&
-            isempty(c->x11_options)) {
-
-                if (unlink("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf") < 0)
-                        return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
-
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        mkdir_p_label("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d", 0755);
-
-        r = fopen_temporary("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf", &f, &temp_path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        fchmod(fileno(f), 0644);
-
-        fputs("# Read and parsed by systemd-localed. It's probably wise not to edit this file\n"
-              "# manually too freely.\n"
-              "Section \"InputClass\"\n"
-              "        Identifier \"system-keyboard\"\n"
-              "        MatchIsKeyboard \"on\"\n", f);
-
-        if (!isempty(c->x11_layout))
-                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbLayout\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_layout);
-
-        if (!isempty(c->x11_model))
-                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbModel\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_model);
-
-        if (!isempty(c->x11_variant))
-                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbVariant\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_variant);
-
-        if (!isempty(c->x11_options))
-                fprintf(f, "        Option \"XkbOptions\" \"%s\"\n", c->x11_options);
-
-        fputs("EndSection\n", f);
-
-        r = fflush_and_check(f);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
-        if (rename(temp_path, "/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf") < 0) {
-                r = -errno;
-                goto fail;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-
-fail:
-        (void) unlink("/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/00-keyboard.conf");
-
-        if (temp_path)
-                (void) unlink(temp_path);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
 static int vconsole_reload(sd_bus *bus) {
         _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
         int r;
@@ -512,337 +125,48 @@ static int vconsole_reload(sd_bus *bus) {
         return r;
 }
 
-static const char* strnulldash(const char *s) {
-        return isempty(s) || streq(s, "-") ? NULL : s;
-}
-
-static int read_next_mapping(const char* filename,
-                             unsigned min_fields, unsigned max_fields,
-                             FILE *f, unsigned *n, char ***a) {
-        assert(f);
-        assert(n);
-        assert(a);
-
-        for (;;) {
-                char line[LINE_MAX];
-                char *l, **b;
-                int r;
-                size_t length;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-
-                        if (ferror(f))
-                                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EIO;
-
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                (*n)++;
-
-                l = strstrip(line);
-                if (l[0] == 0 || l[0] == '#')
-                        continue;
-
-                r = strv_split_extract(&b, l, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                length = strv_length(b);
-                if (length < min_fields || length > max_fields) {
-                        log_error("Invalid line %s:%u, ignoring.", filename, *n);
-                        strv_free(b);
-                        continue;
-
-                }
-
-                *a = b;
-                return 1;
-        }
-}
-
-static int vconsole_convert_to_x11(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
-        bool modified = false;
-
-        assert(bus);
-
-        if (isempty(c->vc_keymap)) {
-
-                modified =
-                        !isempty(c->x11_layout) ||
-                        !isempty(c->x11_model) ||
-                        !isempty(c->x11_variant) ||
-                        !isempty(c->x11_options);
-
-                context_free_x11(c);
-        } else {
-                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-                unsigned n = 0;
-
-                f = fopen(SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP, "re");
-                if (!f)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
-                        int r;
-
-                        r = read_next_mapping(SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP, 5, UINT_MAX, f, &n, &a);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                break;
-
-                        if (!streq(c->vc_keymap, a[0]))
-                                continue;
-
-                        if (!streq_ptr(c->x11_layout, strnulldash(a[1])) ||
-                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_model, strnulldash(a[2])) ||
-                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_variant, strnulldash(a[3])) ||
-                            !streq_ptr(c->x11_options, strnulldash(a[4]))) {
-
-                                if (free_and_strdup(&c->x11_layout, strnulldash(a[1])) < 0 ||
-                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_model, strnulldash(a[2])) < 0 ||
-                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_variant, strnulldash(a[3])) < 0 ||
-                                    free_and_strdup(&c->x11_options, strnulldash(a[4])) < 0)
-                                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                                modified = true;
-                        }
-
-                        break;
-                }
-        }
-
-        if (modified) {
-                int r;
-
-                r = x11_write_data(c);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set X11 keyboard layout: %m");
-
-                log_info("Changed X11 keyboard layout to '%s' model '%s' variant '%s' options '%s'",
-                         strempty(c->x11_layout),
-                         strempty(c->x11_model),
-                         strempty(c->x11_variant),
-                         strempty(c->x11_options));
-
-                sd_bus_emit_properties_changed(bus,
-                                "/org/freedesktop/locale1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.locale1",
-                                "X11Layout", "X11Model", "X11Variant", "X11Options", NULL);
-        } else
-                log_debug("X11 keyboard layout was not modified.");
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int find_converted_keymap(const char *x11_layout, const char *x11_variant, char **new_keymap) {
-        const char *dir;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *n;
-
-        if (x11_variant)
-                n = strjoin(x11_layout, "-", x11_variant, NULL);
-        else
-                n = strdup(x11_layout);
-        if (!n)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        NULSTR_FOREACH(dir, KBD_KEYMAP_DIRS) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *pz = NULL;
-                bool uncompressed;
-
-                p = strjoin(dir, "xkb/", n, ".map", NULL);
-                pz = strjoin(dir, "xkb/", n, ".map.gz", NULL);
-                if (!p || !pz)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                uncompressed = access(p, F_OK) == 0;
-                if (uncompressed || access(pz, F_OK) == 0) {
-                        log_debug("Found converted keymap %s at %s",
-                                  n, uncompressed ? p : pz);
-
-                        *new_keymap = n;
-                        n = NULL;
-                        return 1;
-                }
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int find_legacy_keymap(Context *c, char **new_keymap) {
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
-        unsigned n = 0;
-        unsigned best_matching = 0;
+static int vconsole_convert_to_x11_and_emit(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
         int r;
 
-        f = fopen(SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP, "re");
-        if (!f)
-                return -errno;
-
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
-                unsigned matching = 0;
-
-                r = read_next_mapping(SYSTEMD_KBD_MODEL_MAP, 5, UINT_MAX, f, &n, &a);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                /* Determine how well matching this entry is */
-                if (streq_ptr(c->x11_layout, a[1]))
-                        /* If we got an exact match, this is best */
-                        matching = 10;
-                else {
-                        /* We have multiple X layouts, look for an
-                         * entry that matches our key with everything
-                         * but the first layout stripped off. */
-                        if (startswith_comma(c->x11_layout, a[1]))
-                                matching = 5;
-                        else  {
-                                char *x;
-
-                                /* If that didn't work, strip off the
-                                 * other layouts from the entry, too */
-                                x = strndupa(a[1], strcspn(a[1], ","));
-                                if (startswith_comma(c->x11_layout, x))
-                                        matching = 1;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                if (matching > 0) {
-                        if (isempty(c->x11_model) || streq_ptr(c->x11_model, a[2])) {
-                                matching++;
-
-                                if (streq_ptr(c->x11_variant, a[3])) {
-                                        matching++;
-
-                                        if (streq_ptr(c->x11_options, a[4]))
-                                                matching++;
-                                }
-                        }
-                }
-
-                /* The best matching entry so far, then let's save that */
-                if (matching >= MAX(best_matching, 1u)) {
-                        log_debug("Found legacy keymap %s with score %u",
-                                  a[0], matching);
-
-                        if (matching > best_matching) {
-                                best_matching = matching;
-
-                                r = free_and_strdup(new_keymap, a[0]);
-                                if (r < 0)
-                                        return r;
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-
-        if (best_matching < 10 && c->x11_layout) {
-                /* The best match is only the first part of the X11
-                 * keymap. Check if we have a converted map which
-                 * matches just the first layout.
-                 */
-                char *l, *v = NULL, *converted;
-
-                l = strndupa(c->x11_layout, strcspn(c->x11_layout, ","));
-                if (c->x11_variant)
-                        v = strndupa(c->x11_variant, strcspn(c->x11_variant, ","));
-                r = find_converted_keymap(l, v, &converted);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r > 0) {
-                        free(*new_keymap);
-                        *new_keymap = converted;
-                }
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int find_language_fallback(const char *lang, char **language) {
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        unsigned n = 0;
-
-        assert(language);
-
-        f = fopen(SYSTEMD_LANGUAGE_FALLBACK_MAP, "re");
-        if (!f)
-                return -errno;
+        assert(bus);
 
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **a = NULL;
-                int r;
+        r = vconsole_convert_to_x11(c);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
 
-                r = read_next_mapping(SYSTEMD_LANGUAGE_FALLBACK_MAP, 2, 2, f, &n, &a);
-                if (r <= 0)
-                        return r;
+        /* modified */
+        r = x11_write_data(c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write X11 keyboard layout: %m");
 
-                if (streq(lang, a[0])) {
-                        assert(strv_length(a) == 2);
-                        *language = a[1];
-                        a[1] = NULL;
-                        return 1;
-                }
-        }
+        sd_bus_emit_properties_changed(bus,
+                                       "/org/freedesktop/locale1",
+                                       "org.freedesktop.locale1",
+                                       "X11Layout", "X11Model", "X11Variant", "X11Options", NULL);
 
-        assert_not_reached("should not be here");
+        return 1;
 }
 
-static int x11_convert_to_vconsole(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
-        bool modified = false;
+static int x11_convert_to_vconsole_and_emit(Context *c, sd_bus *bus) {
         int r;
 
         assert(bus);
 
-        if (isempty(c->x11_layout)) {
-
-                modified =
-                        !isempty(c->vc_keymap) ||
-                        !isempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
-
-                context_free_x11(c);
-        } else {
-                char *new_keymap = NULL;
-
-                r = find_converted_keymap(c->x11_layout, c->x11_variant, &new_keymap);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                else if (r == 0) {
-                        r = find_legacy_keymap(c, &new_keymap);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-                }
-
-                if (!streq_ptr(c->vc_keymap, new_keymap)) {
-                        free(c->vc_keymap);
-                        c->vc_keymap = new_keymap;
-                        c->vc_keymap_toggle = mfree(c->vc_keymap_toggle);
-                        modified = true;
-                } else
-                        free(new_keymap);
-        }
-
-        if (modified) {
-                r = vconsole_write_data(c);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set virtual console keymap: %m");
-
-                log_info("Changed virtual console keymap to '%s' toggle '%s'",
-                         strempty(c->vc_keymap), strempty(c->vc_keymap_toggle));
+        r = x11_convert_to_vconsole(c);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
 
-                sd_bus_emit_properties_changed(bus,
-                                "/org/freedesktop/locale1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.locale1",
-                                "VConsoleKeymap", "VConsoleKeymapToggle", NULL);
+        /* modified */
+        r = vconsole_write_data(c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to save virtual console keymap: %m");
 
-                return vconsole_reload(bus);
-        } else
-                log_debug("Virtual console keymap was not modified.");
+        sd_bus_emit_properties_changed(bus,
+                                       "/org/freedesktop/locale1",
+                                       "org.freedesktop.locale1",
+                                       "VConsoleKeymap", "VConsoleKeymapToggle", NULL);
 
-        return 0;
+        return vconsole_reload(bus);
 }
 
 static int property_get_locale(
@@ -858,17 +182,21 @@ static int property_get_locale(
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
         int p, q;
 
-        l = new0(char*, _LOCALE_MAX+1);
+        l = new0(char*, _VARIABLE_LC_MAX+1);
         if (!l)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        for (p = 0, q = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
+        for (p = 0, q = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
                 char *t;
+                const char *name;
+
+                name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                assert(name);
 
                 if (isempty(c->locale[p]))
                         continue;
 
-                if (asprintf(&t, "%s=%s", names[p], c->locale[p]) < 0)
+                if (asprintf(&t, "%s=%s", name, c->locale[p]) < 0)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
                 l[q++] = t;
@@ -884,7 +212,7 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
         const char *lang = NULL;
         int interactive;
         bool modified = false;
-        bool have[_LOCALE_MAX] = {};
+        bool have[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX] = {};
         int p;
         int r;
 
@@ -903,17 +231,21 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
         STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
                 bool valid = false;
 
-                for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
+                for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
                         size_t k;
+                        const char *name;
+
+                        name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                        assert(name);
 
-                        k = strlen(names[p]);
-                        if (startswith(*i, names[p]) &&
+                        k = strlen(name);
+                        if (startswith(*i, name) &&
                             (*i)[k] == '=' &&
                             locale_is_valid((*i) + k + 1)) {
                                 valid = true;
                                 have[p] = true;
 
-                                if (p == LOCALE_LANG)
+                                if (p == VARIABLE_LANG)
                                         lang = (*i) + k + 1;
 
                                 if (!streq_ptr(*i + k + 1, c->locale[p]))
@@ -929,7 +261,7 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
 
         /* If LANG was specified, but not LANGUAGE, check if we should
          * set it based on the language fallback table. */
-        if (have[LOCALE_LANG] && !have[LOCALE_LANGUAGE]) {
+        if (have[VARIABLE_LANG] && !have[VARIABLE_LANGUAGE]) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *language = NULL;
 
                 assert(lang);
@@ -937,12 +269,12 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
                 (void) find_language_fallback(lang, &language);
                 if (language) {
                         log_debug("Converted LANG=%s to LANGUAGE=%s", lang, language);
-                        if (!streq_ptr(language, c->locale[LOCALE_LANGUAGE])) {
+                        if (!streq_ptr(language, c->locale[VARIABLE_LANGUAGE])) {
                                 r = strv_extendf(&l, "LANGUAGE=%s", language);
                                 if (r < 0)
                                         return r;
 
-                                have[LOCALE_LANGUAGE] = true;
+                                have[VARIABLE_LANGUAGE] = true;
                                 modified = true;
                         }
                 }
@@ -950,7 +282,7 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
 
         /* Check whether a variable is unset */
         if (!modified)
-                for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++)
+                for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++)
                         if (!isempty(c->locale[p]) && !have[p]) {
                                 modified = true;
                                 break;
@@ -966,7 +298,7 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
                                 NULL,
                                 interactive,
                                 UID_INVALID,
-                                &c->polkit_registry,
+                                &polkit_registry,
                                 error);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
@@ -974,11 +306,15 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
                         return 1; /* No authorization for now, but the async polkit stuff will call us again when it has it */
 
                 STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
-                        for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
+                        for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
                                 size_t k;
+                                const char *name;
 
-                                k = strlen(names[p]);
-                                if (startswith(*i, names[p]) && (*i)[k] == '=') {
+                                name = locale_variable_to_string(p);
+                                assert(name);
+
+                                k = strlen(name);
+                                if (startswith(*i, name) && (*i)[k] == '=') {
                                         r = free_and_strdup(&c->locale[p], *i + k + 1);
                                         if (r < 0)
                                                 return r;
@@ -986,7 +322,7 @@ static int method_set_locale(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *er
                                 }
                         }
 
-                for (p = 0; p < _LOCALE_MAX; p++) {
+                for (p = 0; p < _VARIABLE_LC_MAX; p++) {
                         if (have[p])
                                 continue;
 
@@ -1053,7 +389,7 @@ static int method_set_vc_keyboard(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_erro
                                 NULL,
                                 interactive,
                                 UID_INVALID,
-                                &c->polkit_registry,
+                                &polkit_registry,
                                 error);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
@@ -1084,7 +420,7 @@ static int method_set_vc_keyboard(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_erro
                                 "VConsoleKeymap", "VConsoleKeymapToggle", NULL);
 
                 if (convert) {
-                        r = vconsole_convert_to_x11(c, sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
+                        r = vconsole_convert_to_x11_and_emit(c, sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
                         if (r < 0)
                                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to convert keymap data: %m");
                 }
@@ -1229,7 +565,7 @@ static int method_set_x11_keyboard(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_err
                                 NULL,
                                 interactive,
                                 UID_INVALID,
-                                &c->polkit_registry,
+                                &polkit_registry,
                                 error);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
@@ -1272,7 +608,7 @@ static int method_set_x11_keyboard(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_err
                                 "X11Layout", "X11Model", "X11Variant", "X11Options", NULL);
 
                 if (convert) {
-                        r = x11_convert_to_vconsole(c, sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
+                        r = x11_convert_to_vconsole_and_emit(c, sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
                         if (r < 0)
                                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to convert keymap data: %m");
                 }
@@ -1364,11 +700,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
 
         r = bus_event_loop_with_idle(event, bus, "org.freedesktop.locale1", DEFAULT_EXIT_USEC, NULL, NULL);
-        if (r < 0) {
+        if (r < 0)
                 log_error_errno(r, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
 finish:
+        bus_verify_polkit_async_registry_free(polkit_registry);
+
         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/src/locale/test-keymap-util.c b/src/locale/test-keymap-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7e2c9e505a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/locale/test-keymap-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2016 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "keymap-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+static void test_find_language_fallback(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ans = NULL, *ans2 = NULL;
+
+        log_info("/*** %s ***/", __func__);
+
+        assert_se(find_language_fallback("foobar", &ans) == 0);
+        assert_se(ans == NULL);
+
+        assert_se(find_language_fallback("csb", &ans) == 0);
+        assert_se(ans == NULL);
+
+        assert_se(find_language_fallback("csb_PL", &ans) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans, "csb:pl"));
+
+        assert_se(find_language_fallback("szl_PL", &ans2) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans2, "szl:pl"));
+}
+
+static void test_find_converted_keymap(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ans = NULL, *ans2 = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        log_info("/*** %s ***/", __func__);
+
+        assert_se(find_converted_keymap("pl", "foobar", &ans) == 0);
+        assert_se(ans == NULL);
+
+        r = find_converted_keymap("pl", NULL, &ans);
+        if (r == 0) {
+                log_info("Skipping rest of %s: keymaps are not installed", __func__);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(r == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans, "pl"));
+
+        assert_se(find_converted_keymap("pl", "dvorak", &ans) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans, "pl-dvorak"));
+}
+
+static void test_find_legacy_keymap(void) {
+        Context c = {};
+        _cleanup_free_ char *ans = NULL, *ans2 = NULL;
+
+        log_info("/*** %s ***/", __func__);
+
+        c.x11_layout = (char*) "foobar";
+        assert_se(find_legacy_keymap(&c, &ans) == 0);
+        assert_se(ans == NULL);
+
+        c.x11_layout = (char*) "pl";
+        assert_se(find_legacy_keymap(&c, &ans) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans, "pl2"));
+
+        c.x11_layout = (char*) "pl,ru";
+        assert_se(find_legacy_keymap(&c, &ans2) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(ans, "pl2"));
+}
+
+static void test_vconsole_convert_to_x11(void) {
+        _cleanup_(context_free) Context c = {};
+
+        log_info("/*** %s ***/", __func__);
+
+        log_info("/* test emptying first (:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "foo") >= 0);
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, "bar") >= 0);
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(c.x11_layout == NULL);
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test emptying second (:) */");
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 0);
+        assert_se(c.x11_layout == NULL);
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test without variant, new mapping (es:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "es") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_layout, "es"));
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test with known variant, new mapping (es:dvorak) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "es-dvorak") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 0); // FIXME
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_layout, "es"));
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL); // FIXME: "dvorak"
+
+        log_info("/* test with old mapping (fr:latin9) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "fr-latin9") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_layout, "fr"));
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_variant, "latin9"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with a compound mapping (ru,us) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "ru") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_layout, "ru,us"));
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test with a simple mapping (us) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "us") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(vconsole_convert_to_x11(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.x11_layout, "us"));
+        assert_se(c.x11_variant == NULL);
+}
+
+static void test_x11_convert_to_vconsole(void) {
+        _cleanup_(context_free) Context c = {};
+        int r;
+
+        log_info("/*** %s ***/", __func__);
+
+        log_info("/* test emptying first (:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.vc_keymap, "foobar") >= 0);
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(c.vc_keymap == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test emptying second (:) */");
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 0);
+        assert_se(c.vc_keymap == NULL);
+
+        log_info("/* test without variant, new mapping (es:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "es") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "es"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with unknown variant, new mapping (es:foobar) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, "foobar") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 0);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "es"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with known variant, new mapping (es:dvorak) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, "dvorak") >= 0);
+
+        r = x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c);
+        if (r == 0) {
+                log_info("Skipping rest of %s: keymaps are not installed", __func__);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(r == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "es-dvorak"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with old mapping (fr:latin9) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "fr") >= 0);
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, "latin9") >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "fr-latin9"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with a compound mapping (us,ru:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "us,ru") >= 0);
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, NULL) >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "us"));
+
+        log_info("/* test with a compound mapping (ru,us:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "ru,us") >= 0);
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, NULL) >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 1);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "ru"));
+
+        /* https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1333998 */
+        log_info("/* test with a simple new mapping (ru:) */");
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_layout, "ru") >= 0);
+        assert_se(free_and_strdup(&c.x11_variant, NULL) >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(x11_convert_to_vconsole(&c) == 0);
+        assert_se(streq(c.vc_keymap, "ru"));
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+        log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+        log_parse_environment();
+
+        test_find_language_fallback();
+        test_find_converted_keymap();
+        test_find_legacy_keymap();
+
+        test_vconsole_convert_to_x11();
+        test_x11_convert_to_vconsole();
+
+        return 0;
+}