Merge pull request #3078 from poettering/get-processes

A variety of fixes and additions

52 files changed, 2095 insertions, 1107 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index f2ef83b0c7..0f475c6d09 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -962,6 +962,7 @@ noinst_LTLIBRARIES += \
 
 libshared_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/shared/output-mode.h \
+	src/shared/output-mode.c \
 	src/shared/gpt.h \
 	src/shared/udev-util.h \
 	src/shared/linux/auto_dev-ioctl.h \
@@ -1037,6 +1038,8 @@ libshared_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/shared/machine-pool.h \
 	src/shared/resolve-util.c \
 	src/shared/resolve-util.h \
+	src/shared/bus-unit-util.c \
+	src/shared/bus-unit-util.h \
 	src/shared/tests.h \
 	src/shared/tests.c
 
diff --git a/TODO b/TODO
index c94729a027..ad72ba6076 100644
--- a/TODO
+++ b/TODO
@@ -33,11 +33,16 @@ Janitorial Clean-ups:
 
 Features:
 
+* rework fopen_temporary() to make use of open_tmpfile_linkable() (problem: the
+  kernel doesn't support linkat() that replaces existing files, currently)
+
+* journalctl -f --no-tail fails for Lennart
+
+* check if DeviceAllow= should split first, resolve specifiers later
+
 * transient units: don't bother with actually setting unit properties, we
   reload the unit file anyway
 
-* https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2886 is fucked
-
 * make sure resolved can be restarted without losing pushed-in dns config
 
 * fix https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/2890, this shouldn't be exported
diff --git a/man/daemon.xml b/man/daemon.xml
index fed1ca1f49..485c66225e 100644
--- a/man/daemon.xml
+++ b/man/daemon.xml
@@ -180,14 +180,12 @@
       functionality of the init system, it is recommended not to
       execute them when run as new-style service.</para>
 
-      <para>Note that new-style init systems guarantee execution of
-      daemon processes in a clean process context: it is guaranteed
-      that the environment block is sanitized, that the signal
-      handlers and mask is reset and that no left-over file
-      descriptors are passed. Daemons will be executed in their own
-      session, with standard input/output/error connected to
-      <filename>/dev/null</filename> unless otherwise configured. The
-      umask is reset.
+      <para>Note that new-style init systems guarantee execution of daemon processes in a clean process context: it is
+      guaranteed that the environment block is sanitized, that the signal handlers and mask is reset and that no
+      left-over file descriptors are passed. Daemons will be executed in their own session, with standard input
+      connected to <filename>/dev/null</filename> and standard output/error connected to the
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+      logging service, unless otherwise configured. The umask is reset.
       </para>
 
       <para>It is recommended for new-style daemons to implement the
diff --git a/man/journalctl.xml b/man/journalctl.xml
index 7a634879cc..3efe6ef62a 100644
--- a/man/journalctl.xml
+++ b/man/journalctl.xml
@@ -272,6 +272,16 @@
 
             <varlistentry>
               <term>
+                <option>short-unix</option>
+              </term>
+              <listitem>
+                <para>is very similar, but shows seconds passed since January 1st 1970 UTC instead of wallclock
+                timestamps ("UNIX time"). The time is shown with microsecond accuracy.</para>
+              </listitem>
+            </varlistentry>
+
+            <varlistentry>
+              <term>
                 <option>verbose</option>
               </term>
               <listitem>
@@ -350,6 +360,13 @@
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--no-hostname</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Don't show the hostname field of log messages originating from the local host. This switch only
+        has an effect on the <option>short</option> family of output modes (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
         <term><option>-x</option></term>
         <term><option>--catalog</option></term>
 
diff --git a/src/analyze/analyze.c b/src/analyze/analyze.c
index 5e03c0c5e0..a790ccd33e 100644
--- a/src/analyze/analyze.c
+++ b/src/analyze/analyze.c
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "analyze-verify.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "glob-util.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.c b/src/basic/fileio.c
index 69590941e5..2a9b6e46ad 100644
--- a/src/basic/fileio.c
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.c
@@ -1083,30 +1083,6 @@ int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
         return fd;
 }
 
-int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
-        char *p;
-        int fd;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-#ifdef O_TMPFILE
-        /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
-        fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
-        if (fd >= 0)
-                return fd;
-#endif
-
-        /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
-        p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
-
-        fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return fd;
-
-        unlink(p);
-        return fd;
-}
-
 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
         const char *fn;
         char *t;
@@ -1278,3 +1254,103 @@ int fputs_with_space(FILE *f, const char *s, const char *separator, bool *space)
 
         return fputs(s, f);
 }
+
+int open_tmpfile_unlinkable(const char *directory, int flags) {
+        char *p;
+        int fd;
+
+        assert(directory);
+
+        /* Returns an unlinked temporary file that cannot be linked into the file system anymore */
+
+#ifdef O_TMPFILE
+        /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
+        fd = open(directory, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                return fd;
+#endif
+
+        /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
+        p = strjoina(directory, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        (void) unlink(p);
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int open_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *tmp = NULL;
+        int r, fd;
+
+        assert(target);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        /* Don't allow O_EXCL, as that has a special meaning for O_TMPFILE */
+        assert((flags & O_EXCL) == 0);
+
+        /* Creates a temporary file, that shall be renamed to "target" later. If possible, this uses O_TMPFILE – in
+         * which case "ret_path" will be returned as NULL. If not possible a the tempoary path name used is returned in
+         * "ret_path". Use link_tmpfile() below to rename the result after writing the file in full. */
+
+#ifdef O_TMPFILE
+        {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *dn = NULL;
+
+                dn = dirname_malloc(target);
+                if (!dn)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                fd = open(dn, O_TMPFILE|flags, 0640);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                        *ret_path = NULL;
+                        return fd;
+                }
+
+                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to use O_TMPFILE on %s: %m", dn);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        r = tempfn_random(target, NULL, &tmp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOCTTY|flags, 0640);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        *ret_path = tmp;
+        tmp = NULL;
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int link_tmpfile(int fd, const char *path, const char *target) {
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(target);
+
+        /* Moves a temporary file created with open_tmpfile() above into its final place. if "path" is NULL an fd
+         * created with O_TMPFILE is assumed, and linkat() is used. Otherwise it is assumed O_TMPFILE is not supported
+         * on the directory, and renameat2() is used instead.
+         *
+         * Note that in both cases we will not replace existing files. This is because linkat() dos not support this
+         * operation currently (renameat2() does), and there is no nice way to emulate this. */
+
+        if (path) {
+                if (rename_noreplace(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_FDCWD, target) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        } else {
+                char proc_fd_path[strlen("/proc/self/fd/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(fd) + 1];
+
+                xsprintf(proc_fd_path, "/proc/self/fd/%i", fd);
+
+                if (linkat(AT_FDCWD, proc_fd_path, AT_FDCWD, target, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.h b/src/basic/fileio.h
index 8084895ff3..58dbc80c24 100644
--- a/src/basic/fileio.h
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.h
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);
 
 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);
 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags);
-int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags);
 
 int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
 int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
@@ -82,3 +81,8 @@ int write_timestamp_file_atomic(const char *fn, usec_t n);
 int read_timestamp_file(const char *fn, usec_t *ret);
 
 int fputs_with_space(FILE *f, const char *s, const char *separator, bool *space);
+
+int open_tmpfile_unlinkable(const char *directory, int flags);
+int open_tmpfile_linkable(const char *target, int flags, char **ret_path);
+
+int link_tmpfile(int fd, const char *path, const char *target);
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.c b/src/basic/process-util.c
index ae3f6109ad..f2cea01979 100644
--- a/src/basic/process-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.c
@@ -731,6 +731,18 @@ void valgrind_summary_hack(void) {
 #endif
 }
 
+int pid_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const pid_t *p = a, *q = b;
+
+        /* Suitable for usage in qsort() */
+
+        if (*p < *q)
+                return -1;
+        if (*p > *q)
+                return 1;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
         [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
         [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.h b/src/basic/process-util.h
index f5d193e762..ffd4bcb0ff 100644
--- a/src/basic/process-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.h
@@ -101,3 +101,5 @@ int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
 #define PID_TO_PTR(p) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) p))
 
 void valgrind_summary_hack(void);
+
+int pid_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b);
diff --git a/src/basic/time-util.c b/src/basic/time-util.c
index 7ca764abeb..edd9179cb8 100644
--- a/src/basic/time-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/time-util.c
@@ -1080,22 +1080,31 @@ bool timezone_is_valid(const char *name) {
         return true;
 }
 
-clockid_t clock_boottime_or_monotonic(void) {
-        static clockid_t clock = -1;
-        int fd;
-
-        if (clock != -1)
-                return clock;
-
-        fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, TFD_NONBLOCK|TFD_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                clock = CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
-        else {
-                safe_close(fd);
-                clock = CLOCK_BOOTTIME;
+bool clock_boottime_supported(void) {
+        static int supported = -1;
+
+        /* Note that this checks whether CLOCK_BOOTTIME is available in general as well as available for timerfds()! */
+
+        if (supported < 0) {
+                int fd;
+
+                fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, TFD_NONBLOCK|TFD_CLOEXEC);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        supported = false;
+                else {
+                        safe_close(fd);
+                        supported = true;
+                }
         }
 
-        return clock;
+        return supported;
+}
+
+clockid_t clock_boottime_or_monotonic(void) {
+        if (clock_boottime_supported())
+                return CLOCK_BOOTTIME;
+        else
+                return CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
 }
 
 int get_timezone(char **tz) {
diff --git a/src/basic/time-util.h b/src/basic/time-util.h
index 77e3cd08d4..a5e3f567ec 100644
--- a/src/basic/time-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/time-util.h
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ bool ntp_synced(void);
 int get_timezones(char ***l);
 bool timezone_is_valid(const char *name);
 
+bool clock_boottime_supported(void);
 clockid_t clock_boottime_or_monotonic(void);
 
 #define xstrftime(buf, fmt, tm) \
diff --git a/src/cgls/cgls.c b/src/cgls/cgls.c
index d6fb10cac5..dcb5912b83 100644
--- a/src/cgls/cgls.c
+++ b/src/cgls/cgls.c
@@ -191,7 +191,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         output_flags =
                 arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
-                (arg_full > 0) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH;
+                (arg_full > 0) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                arg_kernel_threads * OUTPUT_KERNEL_THREADS;
 
         if (optind < argc) {
                 _cleanup_free_ char *root = NULL;
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 printf("Directory %s:\n", argv[i]);
                                 fflush(stdout);
 
-                                q = show_cgroup_by_path(argv[i], NULL, 0, arg_kernel_threads, output_flags);
+                                q = show_cgroup_by_path(argv[i], NULL, 0, output_flags);
                         } else {
                                 _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL, *p = NULL, *j = NULL;
                                 const char *controller, *path;
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                                 show_cg_info(controller, path);
 
-                                q = show_cgroup(controller, path, NULL, 0, arg_kernel_threads, output_flags);
+                                q = show_cgroup(controller, path, NULL, 0, output_flags);
                         }
 
                         if (q < 0)
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 printf("Working directory %s:\n", cwd);
                                 fflush(stdout);
 
-                                r = show_cgroup_by_path(cwd, NULL, 0, arg_kernel_threads, output_flags);
+                                r = show_cgroup_by_path(cwd, NULL, 0, output_flags);
                                 done = true;
                         }
                 }
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         show_cg_info(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, root);
 
                         printf("-.slice\n");
-                        r = show_cgroup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, root, NULL, 0, arg_kernel_threads, output_flags);
+                        r = show_cgroup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, root, NULL, 0, output_flags);
                 }
         }
 
diff --git a/src/core/busname.c b/src/core/busname.c
index bbe61af4f0..f4f433340c 100644
--- a/src/core/busname.c
+++ b/src/core/busname.c
@@ -999,6 +999,14 @@ static bool busname_supported(void) {
         return supported;
 }
 
+static int busname_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        BusName *n = BUSNAME(u);
+
+        assert(n);
+
+        return n->control_pid;
+}
+
 static const char* const busname_result_table[_BUSNAME_RESULT_MAX] = {
         [BUSNAME_SUCCESS] = "success",
         [BUSNAME_FAILURE_RESOURCES] = "resources",
@@ -1052,6 +1060,8 @@ const UnitVTable busname_vtable = {
 
         .supported = busname_supported,
 
+        .control_pid = busname_control_pid,
+
         .bus_vtable = bus_busname_vtable,
 
         .status_message_formats = {
diff --git a/src/core/dbus-manager.c b/src/core/dbus-manager.c
index 0c86791fe3..d2eb388f7c 100644
--- a/src/core/dbus-manager.c
+++ b/src/core/dbus-manager.c
@@ -642,6 +642,30 @@ static int method_set_unit_properties(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, s
         return bus_unit_method_set_properties(message, u, error);
 }
 
+static int method_get_unit_processes(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        const char *name;
+        Unit *u;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "s", &name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = manager_load_unit(m, name, NULL, error, &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = bus_unit_check_load_state(u, error);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return bus_unit_method_get_processes(message, u, error);
+}
+
 static int transient_unit_from_message(
                 Manager *m,
                 sd_bus_message *message,
@@ -2042,6 +2066,7 @@ const sd_bus_vtable bus_manager_vtable[] = {
         SD_BUS_METHOD("ResetFailedUnit", "s", NULL, method_reset_failed_unit, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_METHOD("SetUnitProperties", "sba(sv)", NULL, method_set_unit_properties, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_METHOD("StartTransientUnit", "ssa(sv)a(sa(sv))", "o", method_start_transient_unit, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("GetUnitProcesses", "s", "a(sus)", method_get_unit_processes, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_METHOD("GetJob", "u", "o", method_get_job, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_METHOD("CancelJob", "u", NULL, method_cancel_job, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_METHOD("ClearJobs", NULL, NULL, method_clear_jobs, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
diff --git a/src/core/dbus-unit.c b/src/core/dbus-unit.c
index c507265070..ed207f15b9 100644
--- a/src/core/dbus-unit.c
+++ b/src/core/dbus-unit.c
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "dbus-unit.h"
 #include "dbus.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
 #include "locale-util.h"
 #include "log.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
 #include "selinux-access.h"
 #include "signal-util.h"
 #include "special.h"
@@ -841,6 +843,146 @@ static int property_get_cgroup(
         return sd_bus_message_append(reply, "s", t);
 }
 
+static int append_process(sd_bus_message *reply, const char *p, pid_t pid, Set *pids) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL, *cmdline = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(pid > 0);
+
+        r = set_put(pids, PID_TO_PTR(pid));
+        if (r == -EEXIST || r == 0)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!p) {
+                r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, pid, &buf);
+                if (r == -ESRCH)
+                        return 0;
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                p = buf;
+        }
+
+        (void) get_process_cmdline(pid, 0, true, &cmdline);
+
+        return sd_bus_message_append(reply,
+                                     "(sus)",
+                                     p,
+                                     (uint32_t) pid,
+                                     cmdline);
+}
+
+static int append_cgroup(sd_bus_message *reply, const char *p, Set *pids) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(reply);
+        assert(p);
+
+        r = cg_enumerate_processes(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p, &f);
+        if (r == ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (is_kernel_thread(pid) > 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = append_process(reply, p, pid, pids);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p, &d);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *g = NULL, *j = NULL;
+
+                r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &g);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                j = strjoin(p, "/", g, NULL);
+                if (!j)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = append_cgroup(reply, j, pids);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bus_unit_method_get_processes(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(set_freep) Set *pids = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(message);
+
+        pids = set_new(NULL);
+        if (!pids)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_return(message, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(reply, 'a', "(sus)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (u->cgroup_path) {
+                r = append_cgroup(reply, u->cgroup_path, pids);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* The main and control pids might live outside of the cgroup, hence fetch them separately */
+        pid = unit_main_pid(u);
+        if (pid > 0) {
+                r = append_process(reply, NULL, pid, pids);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        pid = unit_control_pid(u);
+        if (pid > 0) {
+                r = append_process(reply, NULL, pid, pids);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_bus_send(NULL, reply, NULL);
+}
+
 const sd_bus_vtable bus_unit_cgroup_vtable[] = {
         SD_BUS_VTABLE_START(0),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("Slice", "s", property_get_slice, 0, 0),
@@ -848,6 +990,7 @@ const sd_bus_vtable bus_unit_cgroup_vtable[] = {
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("MemoryCurrent", "t", property_get_current_memory, 0, 0),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("CPUUsageNSec", "t", property_get_cpu_usage, 0, 0),
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY("TasksCurrent", "t", property_get_current_tasks, 0, 0),
+        SD_BUS_METHOD("GetProcesses", NULL, "a(sus)", bus_unit_method_get_processes, SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED),
         SD_BUS_VTABLE_END
 };
 
diff --git a/src/core/dbus-unit.h b/src/core/dbus-unit.h
index 07948b9cd0..4db88dbebc 100644
--- a/src/core/dbus-unit.h
+++ b/src/core/dbus-unit.h
@@ -36,5 +36,6 @@ int bus_unit_method_reset_failed(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus
 int bus_unit_queue_job(sd_bus_message *message, Unit *u, JobType type, JobMode mode, bool reload_if_possible, sd_bus_error *error);
 int bus_unit_set_properties(Unit *u, sd_bus_message *message, UnitSetPropertiesMode mode, bool commit, sd_bus_error *error);
 int bus_unit_method_set_properties(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error);
+int bus_unit_method_get_processes(sd_bus_message *message, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error);
 
 int bus_unit_check_load_state(Unit *u, sd_bus_error *error);
diff --git a/src/core/machine-id-setup.c b/src/core/machine-id-setup.c
index 9de528b6cf..0145fe2894 100644
--- a/src/core/machine-id-setup.c
+++ b/src/core/machine-id-setup.c
@@ -101,14 +101,23 @@ static int read_machine_id(int fd, char id[34]) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int write_machine_id(int fd, char id[34]) {
+static int write_machine_id(int fd, const char id[34]) {
+        int r;
+
         assert(fd >= 0);
         assert(id);
 
         if (lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        return loop_write(fd, id, 33, false);
+        r = loop_write(fd, id, 33, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (fsync(fd) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int generate_machine_id(char id[34], const char *root) {
diff --git a/src/core/manager.c b/src/core/manager.c
index 5601770670..bd00c224f4 100644
--- a/src/core/manager.c
+++ b/src/core/manager.c
@@ -2191,7 +2191,7 @@ int manager_open_serialization(Manager *m, FILE **_f) {
         assert(_f);
 
         path = MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM(m) ? "/run/systemd" : "/tmp";
-        fd = open_tmpfile(path, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
+        fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(path, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
         if (fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
diff --git a/src/core/mount.c b/src/core/mount.c
index 632c5c824c..188fb0aa40 100644
--- a/src/core/mount.c
+++ b/src/core/mount.c
@@ -1790,6 +1790,14 @@ static int mount_kill(Unit *u, KillWho who, int signo, sd_bus_error *error) {
         return unit_kill_common(u, who, signo, -1, MOUNT(u)->control_pid, error);
 }
 
+static int mount_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        Mount *m = MOUNT(u);
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        return m->control_pid;
+}
+
 static const char* const mount_exec_command_table[_MOUNT_EXEC_COMMAND_MAX] = {
         [MOUNT_EXEC_MOUNT] = "ExecMount",
         [MOUNT_EXEC_UNMOUNT] = "ExecUnmount",
@@ -1851,6 +1859,8 @@ const UnitVTable mount_vtable = {
 
         .reset_failed = mount_reset_failed,
 
+        .control_pid = mount_control_pid,
+
         .bus_vtable = bus_mount_vtable,
         .bus_set_property = bus_mount_set_property,
         .bus_commit_properties = bus_mount_commit_properties,
diff --git a/src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf b/src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
index f78eedbd6e..b732501364 100644
--- a/src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
+++ b/src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
@@ -78,6 +78,10 @@
 
                 <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
                        send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetUnitProcesses"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
                        send_member="ListJobs"/>
 
                 <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
diff --git a/src/core/service.c b/src/core/service.c
index 58084e2f82..b46dd8bcdd 100644
--- a/src/core/service.c
+++ b/src/core/service.c
@@ -3195,6 +3195,22 @@ static int service_kill(Unit *u, KillWho who, int signo, sd_bus_error *error) {
         return unit_kill_common(u, who, signo, s->main_pid, s->control_pid, error);
 }
 
+static int service_main_pid(Unit *u) {
+        Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        return s->main_pid;
+}
+
+static int service_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        return s->control_pid;
+}
+
 static const char* const service_restart_table[_SERVICE_RESTART_MAX] = {
         [SERVICE_RESTART_NO] = "no",
         [SERVICE_RESTART_ON_SUCCESS] = "on-success",
@@ -3303,6 +3319,9 @@ const UnitVTable service_vtable = {
         .notify_cgroup_empty = service_notify_cgroup_empty_event,
         .notify_message = service_notify_message,
 
+        .main_pid = service_main_pid,
+        .control_pid = service_control_pid,
+
         .bus_name_owner_change = service_bus_name_owner_change,
 
         .bus_vtable = bus_service_vtable,
diff --git a/src/core/socket.c b/src/core/socket.c
index 65da0e3c5e..a9fff9c259 100644
--- a/src/core/socket.c
+++ b/src/core/socket.c
@@ -2781,6 +2781,14 @@ char *socket_fdname(Socket *s) {
         return UNIT(s)->id;
 }
 
+static int socket_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        Socket *s = SOCKET(u);
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        return s->control_pid;
+}
+
 static const char* const socket_exec_command_table[_SOCKET_EXEC_COMMAND_MAX] = {
         [SOCKET_EXEC_START_PRE] = "StartPre",
         [SOCKET_EXEC_START_CHOWN] = "StartChown",
@@ -2846,6 +2854,8 @@ const UnitVTable socket_vtable = {
 
         .reset_failed = socket_reset_failed,
 
+        .control_pid = socket_control_pid,
+
         .bus_vtable = bus_socket_vtable,
         .bus_set_property = bus_socket_set_property,
         .bus_commit_properties = bus_socket_commit_properties,
diff --git a/src/core/swap.c b/src/core/swap.c
index c6502eb821..d8802470d2 100644
--- a/src/core/swap.c
+++ b/src/core/swap.c
@@ -1426,6 +1426,14 @@ static bool swap_supported(void) {
         return supported;
 }
 
+static int swap_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        Swap *s = SWAP(u);
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        return s->control_pid;
+}
+
 static const char* const swap_exec_command_table[_SWAP_EXEC_COMMAND_MAX] = {
         [SWAP_EXEC_ACTIVATE] = "ExecActivate",
         [SWAP_EXEC_DEACTIVATE] = "ExecDeactivate",
@@ -1487,6 +1495,8 @@ const UnitVTable swap_vtable = {
 
         .reset_failed = swap_reset_failed,
 
+        .control_pid = swap_control_pid,
+
         .bus_vtable = bus_swap_vtable,
         .bus_set_property = bus_swap_set_property,
         .bus_commit_properties = bus_swap_commit_properties,
diff --git a/src/core/timer.c b/src/core/timer.c
index b286b714fa..f8f5f4b2e4 100644
--- a/src/core/timer.c
+++ b/src/core/timer.c
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ static void timer_enter_waiting(Timer *t, bool initial) {
          * rather than the monotonic clock. */
 
         ts_realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
-        ts_monotonic = now(t->wake_system ? CLOCK_BOOTTIME : CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        ts_monotonic = now(t->wake_system ? clock_boottime_or_monotonic() : CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
         t->next_elapse_monotonic_or_boottime = t->next_elapse_realtime = 0;
 
         LIST_FOREACH(value, v, t->values) {
diff --git a/src/core/unit.c b/src/core/unit.c
index 1f57293a0b..cb79c7c6b1 100644
--- a/src/core/unit.c
+++ b/src/core/unit.c
@@ -3801,3 +3801,21 @@ bool unit_is_pristine(Unit *u) {
                  u->job ||
                  u->merged_into);
 }
+
+pid_t unit_control_pid(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->control_pid)
+                return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->control_pid(u);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+pid_t unit_main_pid(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->main_pid)
+                return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->main_pid(u);
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/core/unit.h b/src/core/unit.h
index cfdac852a5..5909652976 100644
--- a/src/core/unit.h
+++ b/src/core/unit.h
@@ -390,6 +390,12 @@ struct UnitVTable {
         /* Returns the next timeout of a unit */
         int (*get_timeout)(Unit *u, usec_t *timeout);
 
+        /* Returns the main PID if there is any defined, or 0. */
+        pid_t (*main_pid)(Unit *u);
+
+        /* Returns the main PID if there is any defined, or 0. */
+        pid_t (*control_pid)(Unit *u);
+
         /* This is called for each unit type and should be used to
          * enumerate existing devices and load them. However,
          * everything that is loaded here should still stay in
@@ -601,6 +607,9 @@ bool unit_type_supported(UnitType t);
 
 bool unit_is_pristine(Unit *u);
 
+pid_t unit_control_pid(Unit *u);
+pid_t unit_main_pid(Unit *u);
+
 static inline bool unit_supported(Unit *u) {
         return unit_type_supported(u->type);
 }
diff --git a/src/coredump/coredump.c b/src/coredump/coredump.c
index 2bbb958861..41fc1993d5 100644
--- a/src/coredump/coredump.c
+++ b/src/coredump/coredump.c
@@ -224,6 +224,8 @@ static int fix_permissions(
                 const char *context[_CONTEXT_MAX],
                 uid_t uid) {
 
+        int r;
+
         assert(fd >= 0);
         assert(target);
         assert(context);
@@ -236,18 +238,9 @@ static int fix_permissions(
         if (fsync(fd) < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to sync coredump %s: %m", coredump_tmpfile_name(filename));
 
-        if (filename) {
-                if (rename(filename, target) < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rename coredump %s -> %s: %m", filename, target);
-        } else {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *proc_fd_path = NULL;
-
-                if (asprintf(&proc_fd_path, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd) < 0)
-                        return log_oom();
-
-                if (linkat(AT_FDCWD, proc_fd_path, AT_FDCWD, target, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create coredump %s: %m", target);
-        }
+        r = link_tmpfile(fd, filename, target);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to move coredump %s into place: %m", target);
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -308,33 +301,6 @@ static int make_filename(const char *context[_CONTEXT_MAX], char **ret) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int open_coredump_tmpfile(const char *target, char **ret_filename) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *tmp = NULL;
-        int fd;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(target);
-        assert(ret_filename);
-
-        fd = open("/var/lib/systemd/coredump", O_TMPFILE|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_RDWR, 0640);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-                log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to use O_TMPFILE: %m");
-
-                r = tempfn_random(target, NULL, &tmp);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine temporary file name: %m");
-
-                fd = open(tmp, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0640);
-                if (fd < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create coredump file %s: %m", tmp);
-        }
-
-        *ret_filename = tmp;
-        tmp = NULL;
-
-        return fd;
-}
-
 static int save_external_coredump(
                 const char *context[_CONTEXT_MAX],
                 int input_fd,
@@ -378,9 +344,9 @@ static int save_external_coredump(
 
         mkdir_p_label("/var/lib/systemd/coredump", 0755);
 
-        fd = open_coredump_tmpfile(fn, &tmp);
+        fd = open_tmpfile_linkable(fn, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC, &tmp);
         if (fd < 0)
-                return fd;
+                return log_error_errno(fd, "Failed to create temporary file for coredump %s: %m", fn);
 
         r = copy_bytes(input_fd, fd, max_size, false);
         if (r == -EFBIG) {
@@ -418,9 +384,11 @@ static int save_external_coredump(
                         goto uncompressed;
                 }
 
-                fd_compressed = open_coredump_tmpfile(fn_compressed, &tmp_compressed);
-                if (fd_compressed < 0)
+                fd_compressed = open_tmpfile_linkable(fn_compressed, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC, &tmp_compressed);
+                if (fd_compressed < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(fd_compressed, "Failed to create temporary file for coredump %s: %m", fn_compressed);
                         goto uncompressed;
+                }
 
                 r = compress_stream(fd, fd_compressed, -1);
                 if (r < 0) {
diff --git a/src/journal-remote/journal-gatewayd.c b/src/journal-remote/journal-gatewayd.c
index 60d897758b..4ad9184993 100644
--- a/src/journal-remote/journal-gatewayd.c
+++ b/src/journal-remote/journal-gatewayd.c
@@ -122,12 +122,14 @@ static int open_journal(RequestMeta *m) {
 }
 
 static int request_meta_ensure_tmp(RequestMeta *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
         if (m->tmp)
                 rewind(m->tmp);
         else {
                 int fd;
 
-                fd = open_tmpfile("/tmp", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
+                fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable("/tmp", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
                 if (fd < 0)
                         return fd;
 
diff --git a/src/journal/journal-send.c b/src/journal/journal-send.c
index a79846146a..f0959b6237 100644
--- a/src/journal/journal-send.c
+++ b/src/journal/journal-send.c
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ _public_ int sd_journal_sendv(const struct iovec *iov, int n) {
         buffer_fd = memfd_new(NULL);
         if (buffer_fd < 0) {
                 if (buffer_fd == -ENOSYS) {
-                        buffer_fd = open_tmpfile("/dev/shm", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+                        buffer_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable("/dev/shm", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
                         if (buffer_fd < 0)
                                 return buffer_fd;
 
diff --git a/src/journal/journal-verify.c b/src/journal/journal-verify.c
index a1241c9bcf..26572ddd76 100644
--- a/src/journal/journal-verify.c
+++ b/src/journal/journal-verify.c
@@ -838,19 +838,19 @@ int journal_file_verify(
         } else if (f->seal)
                 return -ENOKEY;
 
-        data_fd = open_tmpfile("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        data_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (data_fd < 0) {
                 r = log_error_errno(data_fd, "Failed to create data file: %m");
                 goto fail;
         }
 
-        entry_fd = open_tmpfile("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        entry_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (entry_fd < 0) {
                 r = log_error_errno(entry_fd, "Failed to create entry file: %m");
                 goto fail;
         }
 
-        entry_array_fd = open_tmpfile("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+        entry_array_fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable("/var/tmp", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (entry_array_fd < 0) {
                 r = log_error_errno(entry_array_fd,
                                     "Failed to create entry array file: %m");
diff --git a/src/journal/journalctl.c b/src/journal/journalctl.c
index fd2cb99410..c9a2c3812d 100644
--- a/src/journal/journalctl.c
+++ b/src/journal/journalctl.c
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ static bool arg_boot = false;
 static sd_id128_t arg_boot_id = {};
 static int arg_boot_offset = 0;
 static bool arg_dmesg = false;
+static bool arg_no_hostname = false;
 static const char *arg_cursor = NULL;
 static const char *arg_after_cursor = NULL;
 static bool arg_show_cursor = false;
@@ -304,6 +305,7 @@ static void help(void) {
                "  -a --all                 Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
                "  -q --quiet               Do not show info messages and privilege warning\n"
                "     --no-pager            Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --no-hostname         Suppress output of hostname field\n"
                "  -m --merge               Show entries from all available journals\n"
                "  -D --directory=PATH      Show journal files from directory\n"
                "     --file=PATH           Show journal file\n"
@@ -370,6 +372,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_VACUUM_SIZE,
                 ARG_VACUUM_FILES,
                 ARG_VACUUM_TIME,
+                ARG_NO_HOSTNAME,
         };
 
         static const struct option options[] = {
@@ -427,6 +430,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "vacuum-size",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_SIZE    },
                 { "vacuum-files",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_FILES   },
                 { "vacuum-time",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_TIME    },
+                { "no-hostname",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_HOSTNAME    },
                 {}
         };
 
@@ -780,6 +784,10 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_action = ACTION_LIST_FIELD_NAMES;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_NO_HOSTNAME:
+                        arg_no_hostname = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case 'x':
                         arg_catalog = true;
                         break;
@@ -2444,7 +2452,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
                                 colors_enabled() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
                                 arg_catalog * OUTPUT_CATALOG |
-                                arg_utc * OUTPUT_UTC;
+                                arg_utc * OUTPUT_UTC |
+                                arg_no_hostname * OUTPUT_NO_HOSTNAME;
 
                         r = output_journal(stdout, j, arg_output, 0, flags, &ellipsized);
                         need_seek = true;
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-event/sd-event.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-event/sd-event.c
index 79b98c293c..7ba6527f63 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd/sd-event/sd-event.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-event/sd-event.c
@@ -1072,6 +1072,10 @@ _public_ int sd_event_add_time(
         assert_return(e->state != SD_EVENT_FINISHED, -ESTALE);
         assert_return(!event_pid_changed(e), -ECHILD);
 
+        if (IN_SET(clock, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM) &&
+            !clock_boottime_supported())
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
         if (!callback)
                 callback = time_exit_callback;
 
@@ -2527,7 +2531,8 @@ _public_ int sd_event_wait(sd_event *e, uint64_t timeout) {
         }
 
         dual_timestamp_get(&e->timestamp);
-        e->timestamp_boottime = now(clock_boottime_or_monotonic());
+        if (clock_boottime_supported())
+                e->timestamp_boottime = now(CLOCK_BOOTTIME);
 
         for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
 
@@ -2761,6 +2766,9 @@ _public_ int sd_event_now(sd_event *e, clockid_t clock, uint64_t *usec) {
                              CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
                              CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM), -EOPNOTSUPP);
 
+        if (IN_SET(clock, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM) && !clock_boottime_supported())
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
         if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(&e->timestamp)) {
                 /* Implicitly fall back to now() if we never ran
                  * before and thus have no cached time. */
diff --git a/src/libsystemd/sd-event/test-event.c b/src/libsystemd/sd-event/test-event.c
index fd31588b8f..289114490c 100644
--- a/src/libsystemd/sd-event/test-event.c
+++ b/src/libsystemd/sd-event/test-event.c
@@ -270,8 +270,10 @@ static void test_sd_event_now(void) {
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &event_now) > 0);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_REALTIME, &event_now) > 0);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, &event_now) > 0);
-        assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &event_now) > 0);
-        assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, &event_now) > 0);
+        if (clock_boottime_supported()) {
+                assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &event_now) > 0);
+                assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, &event_now) > 0);
+        }
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, -1, &event_now) == -EOPNOTSUPP);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, 900 /* arbitrary big number */, &event_now) == -EOPNOTSUPP);
 
@@ -280,8 +282,10 @@ static void test_sd_event_now(void) {
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &event_now) == 0);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_REALTIME, &event_now) == 0);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM, &event_now) == 0);
-        assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &event_now) == 0);
-        assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, &event_now) == 0);
+        if (clock_boottime_supported()) {
+                assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &event_now) == 0);
+                assert_se(sd_event_now(e, CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, &event_now) == 0);
+        }
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, -1, &event_now) == -EOPNOTSUPP);
         assert_se(sd_event_now(e, 900 /* arbitrary big number */, &event_now) == -EOPNOTSUPP);
 }
diff --git a/src/login/loginctl.c b/src/login/loginctl.c
index 8b23135edd..1c75565636 100644
--- a/src/login/loginctl.c
+++ b/src/login/loginctl.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-show.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
@@ -227,18 +228,15 @@ static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *interface, const char *unit
         _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
         _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
         const char *cgroup;
-        int r;
         unsigned c;
+        int r;
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(unit);
 
-        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
-                return 0;
-
         path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(unit);
         if (!path)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return log_oom();
 
         r = sd_bus_get_property(
                         bus,
@@ -246,27 +244,40 @@ static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *interface, const char *unit
                         path,
                         interface,
                         "ControlGroup",
-                        &error, &reply, "s");
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s");
         if (r < 0)
-                return r;
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query ControlGroup: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
 
         r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &cgroup);
         if (r < 0)
-                return r;
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
 
         if (isempty(cgroup))
                 return 0;
 
-        if (cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup) != 0 && leader <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
         c = columns();
         if (c > 18)
                 c -= 18;
         else
                 c = 0;
 
-        show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, false, &leader, leader > 0, get_output_flags());
+        r = unit_show_processes(bus, unit, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, get_output_flags(), &error);
+        if (r == -EBADR) {
+
+                if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* Fallback for older systemd versions where the GetUnitProcesses() call is not yet available */
+
+                if (cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup) != 0 && leader <= 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, &leader, leader > 0, get_output_flags());
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump process list: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
         return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/machine/machinectl.c b/src/machine/machinectl.c
index c370ed57ec..7b1ede7116 100644
--- a/src/machine/machinectl.c
+++ b/src/machine/machinectl.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-show.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
@@ -331,8 +332,8 @@ static int list_images(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
 }
 
 static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit, pid_t leader) {
-        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
         _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
         _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
         const char *cgroup;
         int r;
@@ -341,9 +342,6 @@ static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit, pid_t leader) {
         assert(bus);
         assert(unit);
 
-        if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE)
-                return 0;
-
         path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(unit);
         if (!path)
                 return log_oom();
@@ -357,16 +355,14 @@ static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit, pid_t leader) {
                         &error,
                         &reply,
                         "s");
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to query ControlGroup: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query ControlGroup: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
 
         r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &cgroup);
         if (r < 0)
                 return bus_log_parse_error(r);
 
-        if (cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup) != 0 && leader <= 0)
+        if (isempty(cgroup))
                 return 0;
 
         c = columns();
@@ -375,7 +371,21 @@ static int show_unit_cgroup(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit, pid_t leader) {
         else
                 c = 0;
 
-        show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, false, &leader, leader > 0, get_output_flags());
+        r = unit_show_processes(bus, unit, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, get_output_flags(), &error);
+        if (r == -EBADR) {
+
+                if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /* Fallback for older systemd versions where the GetUnitProcesses() call is not yet available */
+
+                if (cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup) != 0 && leader <= 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, cgroup, "\t\t  ", c, &leader, leader > 0, get_output_flags());
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to dump process list: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
         return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/network/networkd-link.c b/src/network/networkd-link.c
index 5cdf123652..5101d553d5 100644
--- a/src/network/networkd-link.c
+++ b/src/network/networkd-link.c
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
 static bool link_dhcp6_enabled(Link *link) {
         assert(link);
 
+        if (!socket_ipv6_is_supported())
+                return false;
+
         if (link->flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
                 return false;
 
@@ -90,6 +93,9 @@ static bool link_ipv4ll_enabled(Link *link) {
 static bool link_ipv6ll_enabled(Link *link) {
         assert(link);
 
+        if (!socket_ipv6_is_supported())
+                return false;
+
         if (link->flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
                 return false;
 
@@ -192,6 +198,9 @@ static bool link_proxy_arp_enabled(Link *link) {
 static bool link_ipv6_accept_ra_enabled(Link *link) {
         assert(link);
 
+        if (!socket_ipv6_is_supported())
+                return false;
+
         if (link->flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)
                 return false;
 
@@ -214,6 +223,7 @@ static bool link_ipv6_accept_ra_enabled(Link *link) {
 }
 
 static IPv6PrivacyExtensions link_ipv6_privacy_extensions(Link *link) {
+        assert(link);
 
         if (!socket_ipv6_is_supported())
                 return _IPV6_PRIVACY_EXTENSIONS_INVALID;
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn-register.c b/src/nspawn/nspawn-register.c
index 760861089d..20103c5e88 100644
--- a/src/nspawn/nspawn-register.c
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn-register.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "sd-bus.h"
 
 #include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "nspawn-register.h"
 #include "stat-util.h"
diff --git a/src/run/run.c b/src/run/run.c
index 1993a424ca..4a0143d4e6 100644
--- a/src/run/run.c
+++ b/src/run/run.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "calendarspec.h"
 #include "env-util.h"
diff --git a/src/shared/bus-unit-util.c b/src/shared/bus-unit-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da479aec8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/bus-unit-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1287 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2016 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int bus_parse_unit_info(sd_bus_message *message, UnitInfo *u) {
+        assert(message);
+        assert(u);
+
+        u->machine = NULL;
+
+        return sd_bus_message_read(
+                        message,
+                        "(ssssssouso)",
+                        &u->id,
+                        &u->description,
+                        &u->load_state,
+                        &u->active_state,
+                        &u->sub_state,
+                        &u->following,
+                        &u->unit_path,
+                        &u->job_id,
+                        &u->job_type,
+                        &u->job_path);
+}
+
+int bus_append_unit_property_assignment(sd_bus_message *m, const char *assignment) {
+        const char *eq, *field;
+        int r, rl;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(assignment);
+
+        eq = strchr(assignment, '=');
+        if (!eq) {
+                log_error("Not an assignment: %s", assignment);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        field = strndupa(assignment, eq - assignment);
+        eq++;
+
+        if (streq(field, "CPUQuota")) {
+
+                if (isempty(eq))
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec", "t", USEC_INFINITY);
+                else if (endswith(eq, "%")) {
+                        double percent;
+
+                        if (sscanf(eq, "%lf%%", &percent) != 1 || percent <= 0) {
+                                log_error("CPU quota '%s' invalid.", eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec", "t", (usec_t) percent * USEC_PER_SEC / 100);
+                } else {
+                        log_error("CPU quota needs to be in percent.");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                goto finish;
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "EnvironmentFile")) {
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "EnvironmentFiles", "a(sb)", 1,
+                                          eq[0] == '-' ? eq + 1 : eq,
+                                          eq[0] == '-');
+                goto finish;
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "AccuracySec", "RandomizedDelaySec", "RuntimeMaxSec")) {
+                char *n;
+                usec_t t;
+                size_t l;
+                r = parse_sec(eq, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s= parameter: %s", field, eq);
+
+                l = strlen(field);
+                n = newa(char, l + 2);
+                if (!n)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                /* Change suffix Sec → USec */
+                strcpy(mempcpy(n, field, l - 3), "USec");
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", n, "t", t);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, field);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        rl = rlimit_from_string(field);
+        if (rl >= 0) {
+                const char *sn;
+                struct rlimit l;
+
+                r = rlimit_parse(rl, eq, &l);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", l.rlim_max);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                sn = strjoina(field, "Soft");
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", sn, "t", l.rlim_cur);
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field,
+                       "CPUAccounting", "MemoryAccounting", "BlockIOAccounting", "TasksAccounting",
+                       "SendSIGHUP", "SendSIGKILL", "WakeSystem", "DefaultDependencies",
+                       "IgnoreSIGPIPE", "TTYVHangup", "TTYReset", "RemainAfterExit",
+                       "PrivateTmp", "PrivateDevices", "PrivateNetwork", "NoNewPrivileges",
+                       "SyslogLevelPrefix", "Delegate", "RemainAfterElapse")) {
+
+                r = parse_boolean(eq);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse boolean assignment %s.", assignment);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "b", r);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "MemoryLimit")) {
+                uint64_t bytes;
+
+                if (isempty(eq) || streq(eq, "infinity"))
+                        bytes = (uint64_t) -1;
+                else {
+                        r = parse_size(eq, 1024, &bytes);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse bytes specification %s", assignment);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", bytes);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "TasksMax")) {
+                uint64_t n;
+
+                if (isempty(eq) || streq(eq, "infinity"))
+                        n = (uint64_t) -1;
+                else {
+                        r = safe_atou64(eq, &n);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse maximum tasks specification %s", assignment);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", n);
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "CPUShares", "StartupCPUShares")) {
+                uint64_t u;
+
+                r = cg_cpu_shares_parse(eq, &u);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", u);
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "BlockIOWeight", "StartupBlockIOWeight")) {
+                uint64_t u;
+
+                r = cg_cpu_shares_parse(eq, &u);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", u);
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field,
+                              "User", "Group", "DevicePolicy", "KillMode",
+                              "UtmpIdentifier", "UtmpMode", "PAMName", "TTYPath",
+                              "StandardInput", "StandardOutput", "StandardError",
+                              "Description", "Slice", "Type", "WorkingDirectory",
+                              "RootDirectory", "SyslogIdentifier", "ProtectSystem",
+                              "ProtectHome"))
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "s", eq);
+
+        else if (streq(field, "SyslogLevel")) {
+                int level;
+
+                level = log_level_from_string(eq);
+                if (level < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", level);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "SyslogFacility")) {
+                int facility;
+
+                facility = log_facility_unshifted_from_string(eq);
+                if (facility < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", facility);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "DeviceAllow")) {
+
+                if (isempty(eq))
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(ss)", 0);
+                else {
+                        const char *path, *rwm, *e;
+
+                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
+                        if (e) {
+                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
+                                rwm = e+1;
+                        } else {
+                                path = eq;
+                                rwm = "";
+                        }
+
+                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
+                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(ss)", 1, path, rwm);
+                }
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "BlockIOReadBandwidth", "BlockIOWriteBandwidth")) {
+
+                if (isempty(eq))
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 0);
+                else {
+                        const char *path, *bandwidth, *e;
+                        uint64_t bytes;
+
+                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
+                        if (e) {
+                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
+                                bandwidth = e+1;
+                        } else {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
+                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = parse_size(bandwidth, 1000, &bytes);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse byte value %s.", bandwidth);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 1, path, bytes);
+                }
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "BlockIODeviceWeight")) {
+
+                if (isempty(eq))
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 0);
+                else {
+                        const char *path, *weight, *e;
+                        uint64_t u;
+
+                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
+                        if (e) {
+                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
+                                weight = e+1;
+                        } else {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
+                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = safe_atou64(weight, &u);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, weight);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", path, u);
+                }
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "Nice")) {
+                int32_t i;
+
+                r = safe_atoi32(eq, &i);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", i);
+
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "Environment", "PassEnvironment")) {
+                const char *p;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                p = eq;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse Environment value %s", eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (streq(field, "Environment")) {
+                                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(word)) {
+                                        log_error("Invalid environment assignment: %s", word);
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                }
+                        } else {  /* PassEnvironment */
+                                if (!env_name_is_valid(word)) {
+                                        log_error("Invalid environment variable name: %s", word);
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "KillSignal")) {
+                int sig;
+
+                sig = signal_from_string_try_harder(eq);
+                if (sig < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", sig);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "TimerSlackNSec")) {
+                nsec_t n;
+
+                r = parse_nsec(eq, &n);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", n);
+        } else if (streq(field, "OOMScoreAdjust")) {
+                int oa;
+
+                r = safe_atoi(eq, &oa);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                if (!oom_score_adjust_is_valid(oa)) {
+                        log_error("OOM score adjust value out of range");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", oa);
+        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "ReadWriteDirectories", "ReadOnlyDirectories", "InaccessibleDirectories")) {
+                const char *p;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                p = eq;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                        int offset;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        if (!utf8_is_valid(word)) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        offset = word[0] == '-';
+                        if (!path_is_absolute(word + offset)) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        path_kill_slashes(word + offset);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+
+        } else if (streq(field, "RuntimeDirectory")) {
+                const char *p;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                p = eq;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+
+                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
+
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+
+        } else {
+                log_error("Unknown assignment %s.", assignment);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+finish:
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+typedef struct BusWaitForJobs {
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        Set *jobs;
+
+        char *name;
+        char *result;
+
+        sd_bus_slot *slot_job_removed;
+        sd_bus_slot *slot_disconnected;
+} BusWaitForJobs;
+
+static int match_disconnected(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
+        sd_bus_close(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int match_job_removed(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+        const char *path, *unit, *result;
+        BusWaitForJobs *d = userdata;
+        uint32_t id;
+        char *found;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(d);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "uoss", &id, &path, &unit, &result);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        found = set_remove(d->jobs, (char*) path);
+        if (!found)
+                return 0;
+
+        free(found);
+
+        if (!isempty(result))
+                d->result = strdup(result);
+
+        if (!isempty(unit))
+                d->name = strdup(unit);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void bus_wait_for_jobs_free(BusWaitForJobs *d) {
+        if (!d)
+                return;
+
+        set_free_free(d->jobs);
+
+        sd_bus_slot_unref(d->slot_disconnected);
+        sd_bus_slot_unref(d->slot_job_removed);
+
+        sd_bus_unref(d->bus);
+
+        free(d->name);
+        free(d->result);
+
+        free(d);
+}
+
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_new(sd_bus *bus, BusWaitForJobs **ret) {
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *d = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        d = new0(BusWaitForJobs, 1);
+        if (!d)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        d->bus = sd_bus_ref(bus);
+
+        /* When we are a bus client we match by sender. Direct
+         * connections OTOH have no initialized sender field, and
+         * hence we ignore the sender then */
+        r = sd_bus_add_match(
+                        bus,
+                        &d->slot_job_removed,
+                        bus->bus_client ?
+                        "type='signal',"
+                        "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
+                        "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
+                        "member='JobRemoved',"
+                        "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'" :
+                        "type='signal',"
+                        "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
+                        "member='JobRemoved',"
+                        "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
+                        match_job_removed, d);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_add_match(
+                        bus,
+                        &d->slot_disconnected,
+                        "type='signal',"
+                        "sender='org.freedesktop.DBus.Local',"
+                        "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Local',"
+                        "member='Disconnected'",
+                        match_disconnected, d);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = d;
+        d = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bus_process_wait(sd_bus *bus) {
+        int r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = sd_bus_process(bus, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r > 0)
+                        return 0;
+
+                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+}
+
+static int bus_job_get_service_result(BusWaitForJobs *d, char **result) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *dbus_path = NULL;
+
+        assert(d);
+        assert(d->name);
+        assert(result);
+
+        dbus_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(d->name);
+        if (!dbus_path)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return sd_bus_get_property_string(d->bus,
+                                          "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                          dbus_path,
+                                          "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Service",
+                                          "Result",
+                                          NULL,
+                                          result);
+}
+
+static const struct {
+        const char *result, *explanation;
+} explanations [] = {
+        { "resources",   "a configured resource limit was exceeded" },
+        { "timeout",     "a timeout was exceeded" },
+        { "exit-code",   "the control process exited with error code" },
+        { "signal",      "a fatal signal was delivered to the control process" },
+        { "core-dump",   "a fatal signal was delivered causing the control process to dump core" },
+        { "watchdog",    "the service failed to send watchdog ping" },
+        { "start-limit", "start of the service was attempted too often" }
+};
+
+static void log_job_error_with_service_result(const char* service, const char *result, const char* const* extra_args) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *service_shell_quoted = NULL;
+        const char *systemctl = "systemctl", *journalctl = "journalctl";
+
+        assert(service);
+
+        service_shell_quoted = shell_maybe_quote(service);
+
+        if (extra_args && extra_args[1]) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
+
+                t = strv_join((char**) extra_args, " ");
+                systemctl = strjoina("systemctl ", t ? : "<args>");
+                journalctl = strjoina("journalctl ", t ? : "<args>");
+        }
+
+        if (!isempty(result)) {
+                unsigned i;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(explanations); ++i)
+                        if (streq(result, explanations[i].result))
+                                break;
+
+                if (i < ELEMENTSOF(explanations)) {
+                        log_error("Job for %s failed because %s.\n"
+                                  "See \"%s status %s\" and \"%s -xe\" for details.\n",
+                                  service,
+                                  explanations[i].explanation,
+                                  systemctl,
+                                  service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>",
+                                  journalctl);
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        log_error("Job for %s failed.\n"
+                  "See \"%s status %s\" and \"%s -xe\" for details.\n",
+                  service,
+                  systemctl,
+                  service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>",
+                  journalctl);
+
+finish:
+        /* For some results maybe additional explanation is required */
+        if (streq_ptr(result, "start-limit"))
+                log_info("To force a start use \"%1$s reset-failed %2$s\"\n"
+                         "followed by \"%1$s start %2$s\" again.",
+                         systemctl,
+                         service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>");
+}
+
+static int check_wait_response(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args) {
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(d->result);
+
+        if (!quiet) {
+                if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
+                        log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
+                        log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
+                        log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -xe' for details.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (streq(d->result, "invalid"))
+                        log_error("%s is not active, cannot reload.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (streq(d->result, "assert"))
+                        log_error("Assertion failed on job for %s.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (streq(d->result, "unsupported"))
+                        log_error("Operation on or unit type of %s not supported on this system.", strna(d->name));
+                else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped")) {
+                        if (d->name) {
+                                int q;
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *result = NULL;
+
+                                q = bus_job_get_service_result(d, &result);
+                                if (q < 0)
+                                        log_debug_errno(q, "Failed to get Result property of service %s: %m", d->name);
+
+                                log_job_error_with_service_result(d->name, result, extra_args);
+                        } else
+                                log_error("Job failed. See \"journalctl -xe\" for details.");
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
+                r = -ECANCELED;
+        else if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
+                r = -ETIME;
+        else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
+                r = -EIO;
+        else if (streq(d->result, "invalid"))
+                r = -ENOEXEC;
+        else if (streq(d->result, "assert"))
+                r = -EPROTO;
+        else if (streq(d->result, "unsupported"))
+                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped"))
+                r = -EIO;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_wait_for_jobs(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args) {
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(d);
+
+        while (!set_isempty(d->jobs)) {
+                int q;
+
+                q = bus_process_wait(d->bus);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(q, "Failed to wait for response: %m");
+
+                if (d->result) {
+                        q = check_wait_response(d, quiet, extra_args);
+                        /* Return the first error as it is most likely to be
+                         * meaningful. */
+                        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                        log_debug_errno(q, "Got result %s/%m for job %s", strna(d->result), strna(d->name));
+                }
+
+                d->name = mfree(d->name);
+                d->result = mfree(d->result);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_add(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(d);
+
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&d->jobs, &string_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return set_put_strdup(d->jobs, path);
+}
+
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_one(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path, bool quiet) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = bus_wait_for_jobs_add(d, path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        return bus_wait_for_jobs(d, quiet, NULL);
+}
+
+int bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(sd_bus_message *m, bool quiet, UnitFileChange **changes, unsigned *n_changes) {
+        const char *type, *path, *source;
+        int r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source)) > 0) {
+                /* We expect only "success" changes to be sent over the bus.
+                   Hence, reject anything negative. */
+                UnitFileChangeType ch = unit_file_change_type_from_string(type);
+
+                if (ch < 0) {
+                        log_notice("Manager reported unknown change type \"%s\" for path \"%s\", ignoring.", type, path);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = unit_file_changes_add(changes, n_changes, ch, path, source);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        unit_file_dump_changes(0, NULL, *changes, *n_changes, false);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+struct CGroupInfo {
+        char *cgroup_path;
+        bool is_const; /* If false, cgroup_path should be free()'d */
+
+        Hashmap *pids; /* PID → process name */
+        bool done;
+
+        struct CGroupInfo *parent;
+        LIST_FIELDS(struct CGroupInfo, siblings);
+        LIST_HEAD(struct CGroupInfo, children);
+        size_t n_children;
+};
+
+static bool IS_ROOT(const char *p) {
+        return isempty(p) || streq(p, "/");
+}
+
+static int add_cgroup(Hashmap *cgroups, const char *path, bool is_const, struct CGroupInfo **ret) {
+        struct CGroupInfo *parent = NULL, *cg;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(cgroups);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (IS_ROOT(path))
+                path = "/";
+
+        cg = hashmap_get(cgroups, path);
+        if (cg) {
+                *ret = cg;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!IS_ROOT(path)) {
+                const char *e, *pp;
+
+                e = strrchr(path, '/');
+                if (!e)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                pp = strndupa(path, e - path);
+                if (!pp)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = add_cgroup(cgroups, pp, false, &parent);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        cg = new0(struct CGroupInfo, 1);
+        if (!cg)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (is_const)
+                cg->cgroup_path = (char*) path;
+        else {
+                cg->cgroup_path = strdup(path);
+                if (!cg->cgroup_path) {
+                        free(cg);
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+                }
+        }
+
+        cg->is_const = is_const;
+        cg->parent = parent;
+
+        r = hashmap_put(cgroups, cg->cgroup_path, cg);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!is_const)
+                        free(cg->cgroup_path);
+                free(cg);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (parent) {
+                LIST_PREPEND(siblings, parent->children, cg);
+                parent->n_children++;
+        }
+
+        *ret = cg;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int add_process(
+                Hashmap *cgroups,
+                const char *path,
+                pid_t pid,
+                const char *name) {
+
+        struct CGroupInfo *cg;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(cgroups);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(pid > 0);
+
+        r = add_cgroup(cgroups, path, true, &cg);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&cg->pids, &trivial_hash_ops);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return hashmap_put(cg->pids, PID_TO_PTR(pid), (void*) name);
+}
+
+static void remove_cgroup(Hashmap *cgroups, struct CGroupInfo *cg) {
+        assert(cgroups);
+        assert(cg);
+
+        while (cg->children)
+                remove_cgroup(cgroups, cg->children);
+
+        hashmap_remove(cgroups, cg->cgroup_path);
+
+        if (!cg->is_const)
+                free(cg->cgroup_path);
+
+        hashmap_free(cg->pids);
+
+        if (cg->parent)
+                LIST_REMOVE(siblings, cg->parent->children, cg);
+
+        free(cg);
+}
+
+static int cgroup_info_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const struct CGroupInfo *x = *(const struct CGroupInfo* const*) a, *y = *(const struct CGroupInfo* const*) b;
+
+        assert(x);
+        assert(y);
+
+        return strcmp(x->cgroup_path, y->cgroup_path);
+}
+
+static int dump_processes(
+                Hashmap *cgroups,
+                const char *cgroup_path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
+        struct CGroupInfo *cg;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(prefix);
+
+        if (IS_ROOT(cgroup_path))
+                cgroup_path = "/";
+
+        cg = hashmap_get(cgroups, cgroup_path);
+        if (!cg)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!hashmap_isempty(cg->pids)) {
+                const char *name;
+                size_t n = 0, i;
+                pid_t *pids;
+                void *pidp;
+                Iterator j;
+                int width;
+
+                /* Order processes by their PID */
+                pids = newa(pid_t, hashmap_size(cg->pids));
+
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(name, pidp, cg->pids, j)
+                        pids[n++] = PTR_TO_PID(pidp);
+
+                assert(n == hashmap_size(cg->pids));
+                qsort_safe(pids, n, sizeof(pid_t), pid_compare_func);
+
+                width = DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(pids[n-1]);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+                        const char *special;
+                        bool more;
+
+                        name = hashmap_get(cg->pids, PID_TO_PTR(pids[i]));
+                        assert(name);
+
+                        if (n_columns != 0) {
+                                unsigned k;
+
+                                k = MAX(LESS_BY(n_columns, 2U + width + 1U), 20U);
+
+                                e = ellipsize(name, k, 100);
+                                if (e)
+                                        name = e;
+                        }
+
+                        more = i+1 < n || cg->children;
+                        special = draw_special_char(more ? DRAW_TREE_BRANCH : DRAW_TREE_RIGHT);
+
+                        fprintf(stdout, "%s%s%*"PID_PRI" %s\n",
+                                prefix,
+                                special,
+                                width, pids[i],
+                                name);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (cg->children) {
+                struct CGroupInfo **children, *child;
+                size_t n = 0, i;
+
+                /* Order subcgroups by their name */
+                children = newa(struct CGroupInfo*, cg->n_children);
+                LIST_FOREACH(siblings, child, cg->children)
+                        children[n++] = child;
+                assert(n == cg->n_children);
+                qsort_safe(children, n, sizeof(struct CGroupInfo*), cgroup_info_compare_func);
+
+                n_columns = MAX(LESS_BY(n_columns, 2U), 20U);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *pp = NULL;
+                        const char *name, *special;
+                        bool more;
+
+                        child = children[i];
+
+                        name = strrchr(child->cgroup_path, '/');
+                        if (!name)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        name++;
+
+                        more = i+1 < n;
+                        special = draw_special_char(more ? DRAW_TREE_BRANCH : DRAW_TREE_RIGHT);
+
+                        fputs(prefix, stdout);
+                        fputs(special, stdout);
+                        fputs(name, stdout);
+                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+
+                        special = draw_special_char(more ? DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL : DRAW_TREE_SPACE);
+
+                        pp = strappend(prefix, special);
+                        if (!pp)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = dump_processes(cgroups, child->cgroup_path, pp, n_columns, flags);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        cg->done = true;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dump_extra_processes(
+                Hashmap *cgroups,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ pid_t *pids = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *names = NULL;
+        struct CGroupInfo *cg;
+        size_t n_allocated = 0, n = 0, k;
+        Iterator i;
+        int width, r;
+
+        /* Prints the extra processes, i.e. those that are in cgroups we haven't displayed yet. We show them as
+         * combined, sorted, linear list. */
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(cg, cgroups, i) {
+                const char *name;
+                void *pidp;
+                Iterator j;
+
+                if (cg->done)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (hashmap_isempty(cg->pids))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&names, &trivial_hash_ops);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(pids, n_allocated, n + hashmap_size(cg->pids)))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(name, pidp, cg->pids, j) {
+                        pids[n++] = PTR_TO_PID(pidp);
+
+                        r = hashmap_put(names, pidp, (void*) name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (n == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        qsort_safe(pids, n, sizeof(pid_t), pid_compare_func);
+        width = DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(pids[n-1]);
+
+        for (k = 0; k < n; k++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+                const char *name;
+
+                name = hashmap_get(names, PID_TO_PTR(pids[k]));
+                assert(name);
+
+                if (n_columns != 0) {
+                        unsigned z;
+
+                        z = MAX(LESS_BY(n_columns, 2U + width + 1U), 20U);
+
+                        e = ellipsize(name, z, 100);
+                        if (e)
+                                name = e;
+                }
+
+                fprintf(stdout, "%s%s %*" PID_PRI " %s\n",
+                        prefix,
+                        draw_special_char(DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET),
+                        width, pids[k],
+                        name);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int unit_show_processes(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *cgroup_path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                OutputFlags flags,
+                sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        Hashmap *cgroups = NULL;
+        struct CGroupInfo *cg;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(unit);
+
+        if (flags & OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH)
+                n_columns = 0;
+        else if (n_columns <= 0)
+                n_columns = columns();
+
+        prefix = strempty(prefix);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnitProcesses",
+                        error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s",
+                        unit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        cgroups = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!cgroups)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(sus)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *path = NULL, *name = NULL;
+                uint32_t pid;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(sus)", &path, &pid, &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                r = add_process(cgroups, path, pid, name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = dump_processes(cgroups, cgroup_path, prefix, n_columns, flags);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = dump_extra_processes(cgroups, prefix, n_columns, flags);
+
+finish:
+        while ((cg = hashmap_first(cgroups)))
+               remove_cgroup(cgroups, cg);
+
+        hashmap_free(cgroups);
+
+        return r;
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/bus-unit-util.h b/src/shared/bus-unit-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0c172f336
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/bus-unit-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2016 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+
+#include "output-mode.h"
+#include "install.h"
+
+typedef struct UnitInfo {
+        const char *machine;
+        const char *id;
+        const char *description;
+        const char *load_state;
+        const char *active_state;
+        const char *sub_state;
+        const char *following;
+        const char *unit_path;
+        uint32_t job_id;
+        const char *job_type;
+        const char *job_path;
+} UnitInfo;
+
+int bus_parse_unit_info(sd_bus_message *message, UnitInfo *u);
+
+int bus_append_unit_property_assignment(sd_bus_message *m, const char *assignment);
+
+typedef struct BusWaitForJobs BusWaitForJobs;
+
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_new(sd_bus *bus, BusWaitForJobs **ret);
+void bus_wait_for_jobs_free(BusWaitForJobs *d);
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_add(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path);
+int bus_wait_for_jobs(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args);
+int bus_wait_for_jobs_one(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path, bool quiet);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(BusWaitForJobs*, bus_wait_for_jobs_free);
+
+int bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(sd_bus_message *m, bool quiet, UnitFileChange **changes, unsigned *n_changes);
+
+int unit_show_processes(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit, const char *cgroup_path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, OutputFlags flags, sd_bus_error *error);
diff --git a/src/shared/bus-util.c b/src/shared/bus-util.c
index 6a1877d8aa..4efbf3710f 100644
--- a/src/shared/bus-util.c
+++ b/src/shared/bus-util.c
@@ -39,34 +39,16 @@
 #include "bus-label.h"
 #include "bus-message.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
-#include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "def.h"
-#include "env-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
-#include "extract-word.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
-#include "hashmap.h"
-#include "install.h"
-#include "kdbus.h"
-#include "log.h"
-#include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
 #include "parse-util.h"
-#include "path-util.h"
 #include "proc-cmdline.h"
-#include "process-util.h"
 #include "rlimit-util.h"
-#include "set.h"
-#include "signal-util.h"
 #include "stdio-util.h"
-#include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
-#include "syslog-util.h"
-#include "time-util.h"
-#include "unit-name.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
-#include "utf8.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
 static int name_owner_change_callback(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *ret_error) {
         sd_event *e = userdata;
@@ -1383,847 +1365,6 @@ int bus_log_create_error(int r) {
         return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus message: %m");
 }
 
-int bus_parse_unit_info(sd_bus_message *message, UnitInfo *u) {
-        assert(message);
-        assert(u);
-
-        u->machine = NULL;
-
-        return sd_bus_message_read(
-                        message,
-                        "(ssssssouso)",
-                        &u->id,
-                        &u->description,
-                        &u->load_state,
-                        &u->active_state,
-                        &u->sub_state,
-                        &u->following,
-                        &u->unit_path,
-                        &u->job_id,
-                        &u->job_type,
-                        &u->job_path);
-}
-
-int bus_append_unit_property_assignment(sd_bus_message *m, const char *assignment) {
-        const char *eq, *field;
-        int r, rl;
-
-        assert(m);
-        assert(assignment);
-
-        eq = strchr(assignment, '=');
-        if (!eq) {
-                log_error("Not an assignment: %s", assignment);
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv");
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-        field = strndupa(assignment, eq - assignment);
-        eq++;
-
-        if (streq(field, "CPUQuota")) {
-
-                if (isempty(eq))
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec", "t", USEC_INFINITY);
-                else if (endswith(eq, "%")) {
-                        double percent;
-
-                        if (sscanf(eq, "%lf%%", &percent) != 1 || percent <= 0) {
-                                log_error("CPU quota '%s' invalid.", eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "CPUQuotaPerSecUSec", "t", (usec_t) percent * USEC_PER_SEC / 100);
-                } else {
-                        log_error("CPU quota needs to be in percent.");
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                goto finish;
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "EnvironmentFile")) {
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", "EnvironmentFiles", "a(sb)", 1,
-                                          eq[0] == '-' ? eq + 1 : eq,
-                                          eq[0] == '-');
-                goto finish;
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "AccuracySec", "RandomizedDelaySec", "RuntimeMaxSec")) {
-                char *n;
-                usec_t t;
-                size_t l;
-                r = parse_sec(eq, &t);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s= parameter: %s", field, eq);
-
-                l = strlen(field);
-                n = newa(char, l + 2);
-                if (!n)
-                        return log_oom();
-
-                /* Change suffix Sec → USec */
-                strcpy(mempcpy(n, field, l - 3), "USec");
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", n, "t", t);
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, field);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-        rl = rlimit_from_string(field);
-        if (rl >= 0) {
-                const char *sn;
-                struct rlimit l;
-
-                r = rlimit_parse(rl, eq, &l);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse resource limit: %s", eq);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", l.rlim_max);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sv");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                sn = strjoina(field, "Soft");
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sv", sn, "t", l.rlim_cur);
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field,
-                       "CPUAccounting", "MemoryAccounting", "BlockIOAccounting", "TasksAccounting",
-                       "SendSIGHUP", "SendSIGKILL", "WakeSystem", "DefaultDependencies",
-                       "IgnoreSIGPIPE", "TTYVHangup", "TTYReset", "RemainAfterExit",
-                       "PrivateTmp", "PrivateDevices", "PrivateNetwork", "NoNewPrivileges",
-                       "SyslogLevelPrefix", "Delegate", "RemainAfterElapse")) {
-
-                r = parse_boolean(eq);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse boolean assignment %s.", assignment);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "b", r);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "MemoryLimit")) {
-                uint64_t bytes;
-
-                if (isempty(eq) || streq(eq, "infinity"))
-                        bytes = (uint64_t) -1;
-                else {
-                        r = parse_size(eq, 1024, &bytes);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse bytes specification %s", assignment);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", bytes);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "TasksMax")) {
-                uint64_t n;
-
-                if (isempty(eq) || streq(eq, "infinity"))
-                        n = (uint64_t) -1;
-                else {
-                        r = safe_atou64(eq, &n);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse maximum tasks specification %s", assignment);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", n);
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "CPUShares", "StartupCPUShares")) {
-                uint64_t u;
-
-                r = cg_cpu_shares_parse(eq, &u);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", u);
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "BlockIOWeight", "StartupBlockIOWeight")) {
-                uint64_t u;
-
-                r = cg_cpu_shares_parse(eq, &u);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", u);
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field,
-                              "User", "Group", "DevicePolicy", "KillMode",
-                              "UtmpIdentifier", "UtmpMode", "PAMName", "TTYPath",
-                              "StandardInput", "StandardOutput", "StandardError",
-                              "Description", "Slice", "Type", "WorkingDirectory",
-                              "RootDirectory", "SyslogIdentifier", "ProtectSystem",
-                              "ProtectHome"))
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "s", eq);
-
-        else if (streq(field, "SyslogLevel")) {
-                int level;
-
-                level = log_level_from_string(eq);
-                if (level < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", level);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "SyslogFacility")) {
-                int facility;
-
-                facility = log_facility_unshifted_from_string(eq);
-                if (facility < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", facility);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "DeviceAllow")) {
-
-                if (isempty(eq))
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(ss)", 0);
-                else {
-                        const char *path, *rwm, *e;
-
-                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
-                        if (e) {
-                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
-                                rwm = e+1;
-                        } else {
-                                path = eq;
-                                rwm = "";
-                        }
-
-                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
-                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(ss)", 1, path, rwm);
-                }
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "BlockIOReadBandwidth", "BlockIOWriteBandwidth")) {
-
-                if (isempty(eq))
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 0);
-                else {
-                        const char *path, *bandwidth, *e;
-                        uint64_t bytes;
-
-                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
-                        if (e) {
-                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
-                                bandwidth = e+1;
-                        } else {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
-                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        r = parse_size(bandwidth, 1000, &bytes);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse byte value %s.", bandwidth);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 1, path, bytes);
-                }
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "BlockIODeviceWeight")) {
-
-                if (isempty(eq))
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", 0);
-                else {
-                        const char *path, *weight, *e;
-                        uint64_t u;
-
-                        e = strchr(eq, ' ');
-                        if (e) {
-                                path = strndupa(eq, e - eq);
-                                weight = e+1;
-                        } else {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!path_startswith(path, "/dev")) {
-                                log_error("%s is not a device file in /dev.", path);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        r = safe_atou64(weight, &u);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, weight);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "a(st)", path, u);
-                }
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "Nice")) {
-                int32_t i;
-
-                r = safe_atoi32(eq, &i);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", i);
-
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "Environment", "PassEnvironment")) {
-                const char *p;
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                p = eq;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-
-                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_CUNESCAPE);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse Environment value %s", eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                break;
-
-                        if (streq(field, "Environment")) {
-                                if (!env_assignment_is_valid(word)) {
-                                        log_error("Invalid environment assignment: %s", word);
-                                        return -EINVAL;
-                                }
-                        } else {  /* PassEnvironment */
-                                if (!env_name_is_valid(word)) {
-                                        log_error("Invalid environment variable name: %s", word);
-                                        return -EINVAL;
-                                }
-                        }
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "KillSignal")) {
-                int sig;
-
-                sig = signal_from_string_try_harder(eq);
-                if (sig < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s.", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", sig);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "TimerSlackNSec")) {
-                nsec_t n;
-
-                r = parse_nsec(eq, &n);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "t", n);
-        } else if (streq(field, "OOMScoreAdjust")) {
-                int oa;
-
-                r = safe_atoi(eq, &oa);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                if (!oom_score_adjust_is_valid(oa)) {
-                        log_error("OOM score adjust value out of range");
-                        return -EINVAL;
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "v", "i", oa);
-        } else if (STR_IN_SET(field, "ReadWriteDirectories", "ReadOnlyDirectories", "InaccessibleDirectories")) {
-                const char *p;
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                p = eq;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-                        int offset;
-
-                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                break;
-
-                        if (!utf8_is_valid(word)) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        offset = word[0] == '-';
-                        if (!path_is_absolute(word + offset)) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        path_kill_slashes(word + offset);
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-
-        } else if (streq(field, "RuntimeDirectory")) {
-                const char *p;
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                p = eq;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-
-                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse %s value %s", field, eq);
-
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                break;
-
-                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, 's', word);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-                }
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-
-        } else {
-                log_error("Unknown assignment %s.", assignment);
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-finish:
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_create_error(r);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-typedef struct BusWaitForJobs {
-        sd_bus *bus;
-        Set *jobs;
-
-        char *name;
-        char *result;
-
-        sd_bus_slot *slot_job_removed;
-        sd_bus_slot *slot_disconnected;
-} BusWaitForJobs;
-
-static int match_disconnected(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
-        assert(m);
-
-        log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
-        sd_bus_close(sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int match_job_removed(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
-        const char *path, *unit, *result;
-        BusWaitForJobs *d = userdata;
-        uint32_t id;
-        char *found;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(m);
-        assert(d);
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "uoss", &id, &path, &unit, &result);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                bus_log_parse_error(r);
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        found = set_remove(d->jobs, (char*) path);
-        if (!found)
-                return 0;
-
-        free(found);
-
-        if (!isempty(result))
-                d->result = strdup(result);
-
-        if (!isempty(unit))
-                d->name = strdup(unit);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-void bus_wait_for_jobs_free(BusWaitForJobs *d) {
-        if (!d)
-                return;
-
-        set_free_free(d->jobs);
-
-        sd_bus_slot_unref(d->slot_disconnected);
-        sd_bus_slot_unref(d->slot_job_removed);
-
-        sd_bus_unref(d->bus);
-
-        free(d->name);
-        free(d->result);
-
-        free(d);
-}
-
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_new(sd_bus *bus, BusWaitForJobs **ret) {
-        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *d = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        d = new0(BusWaitForJobs, 1);
-        if (!d)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        d->bus = sd_bus_ref(bus);
-
-        /* When we are a bus client we match by sender. Direct
-         * connections OTOH have no initialized sender field, and
-         * hence we ignore the sender then */
-        r = sd_bus_add_match(
-                        bus,
-                        &d->slot_job_removed,
-                        bus->bus_client ?
-                        "type='signal',"
-                        "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
-                        "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
-                        "member='JobRemoved',"
-                        "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'" :
-                        "type='signal',"
-                        "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
-                        "member='JobRemoved',"
-                        "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
-                        match_job_removed, d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        r = sd_bus_add_match(
-                        bus,
-                        &d->slot_disconnected,
-                        "type='signal',"
-                        "sender='org.freedesktop.DBus.Local',"
-                        "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Local',"
-                        "member='Disconnected'",
-                        match_disconnected, d);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        *ret = d;
-        d = NULL;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int bus_process_wait(sd_bus *bus) {
-        int r;
-
-        for (;;) {
-                r = sd_bus_process(bus, NULL);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r > 0)
-                        return 0;
-
-                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-}
-
-static int bus_job_get_service_result(BusWaitForJobs *d, char **result) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *dbus_path = NULL;
-
-        assert(d);
-        assert(d->name);
-        assert(result);
-
-        dbus_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(d->name);
-        if (!dbus_path)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        return sd_bus_get_property_string(d->bus,
-                                          "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                          dbus_path,
-                                          "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Service",
-                                          "Result",
-                                          NULL,
-                                          result);
-}
-
-static const struct {
-        const char *result, *explanation;
-} explanations [] = {
-        { "resources",   "a configured resource limit was exceeded" },
-        { "timeout",     "a timeout was exceeded" },
-        { "exit-code",   "the control process exited with error code" },
-        { "signal",      "a fatal signal was delivered to the control process" },
-        { "core-dump",   "a fatal signal was delivered causing the control process to dump core" },
-        { "watchdog",    "the service failed to send watchdog ping" },
-        { "start-limit", "start of the service was attempted too often" }
-};
-
-static void log_job_error_with_service_result(const char* service, const char *result, const char* const* extra_args) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *service_shell_quoted = NULL;
-        const char *systemctl = "systemctl", *journalctl = "journalctl";
-
-        assert(service);
-
-        service_shell_quoted = shell_maybe_quote(service);
-
-        if (extra_args && extra_args[1]) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
-
-                t = strv_join((char**) extra_args, " ");
-                systemctl = strjoina("systemctl ", t ? : "<args>");
-                journalctl = strjoina("journalctl ", t ? : "<args>");
-        }
-
-        if (!isempty(result)) {
-                unsigned i;
-
-                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(explanations); ++i)
-                        if (streq(result, explanations[i].result))
-                                break;
-
-                if (i < ELEMENTSOF(explanations)) {
-                        log_error("Job for %s failed because %s.\n"
-                                  "See \"%s status %s\" and \"%s -xe\" for details.\n",
-                                  service,
-                                  explanations[i].explanation,
-                                  systemctl,
-                                  service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>",
-                                  journalctl);
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-        }
-
-        log_error("Job for %s failed.\n"
-                  "See \"%s status %s\" and \"%s -xe\" for details.\n",
-                  service,
-                  systemctl,
-                  service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>",
-                  journalctl);
-
-finish:
-        /* For some results maybe additional explanation is required */
-        if (streq_ptr(result, "start-limit"))
-                log_info("To force a start use \"%1$s reset-failed %2$s\"\n"
-                         "followed by \"%1$s start %2$s\" again.",
-                         systemctl,
-                         service_shell_quoted ?: "<service>");
-}
-
-static int check_wait_response(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args) {
-        int r = 0;
-
-        assert(d->result);
-
-        if (!quiet) {
-                if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
-                        log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
-                        log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
-                        log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -xe' for details.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "invalid"))
-                        log_error("%s is not active, cannot reload.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "assert"))
-                        log_error("Assertion failed on job for %s.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (streq(d->result, "unsupported"))
-                        log_error("Operation on or unit type of %s not supported on this system.", strna(d->name));
-                else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped")) {
-                        if (d->name) {
-                                int q;
-                                _cleanup_free_ char *result = NULL;
-
-                                q = bus_job_get_service_result(d, &result);
-                                if (q < 0)
-                                        log_debug_errno(q, "Failed to get Result property of service %s: %m", d->name);
-
-                                log_job_error_with_service_result(d->name, result, extra_args);
-                        } else
-                                log_error("Job failed. See \"journalctl -xe\" for details.");
-                }
-        }
-
-        if (streq(d->result, "canceled"))
-                r = -ECANCELED;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "timeout"))
-                r = -ETIME;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "dependency"))
-                r = -EIO;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "invalid"))
-                r = -ENOEXEC;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "assert"))
-                r = -EPROTO;
-        else if (streq(d->result, "unsupported"))
-                r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
-        else if (!streq(d->result, "done") && !streq(d->result, "skipped"))
-                r = -EIO;
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int bus_wait_for_jobs(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args) {
-        int r = 0;
-
-        assert(d);
-
-        while (!set_isempty(d->jobs)) {
-                int q;
-
-                q = bus_process_wait(d->bus);
-                if (q < 0)
-                        return log_error_errno(q, "Failed to wait for response: %m");
-
-                if (d->result) {
-                        q = check_wait_response(d, quiet, extra_args);
-                        /* Return the first error as it is most likely to be
-                         * meaningful. */
-                        if (q < 0 && r == 0)
-                                r = q;
-
-                        log_debug_errno(q, "Got result %s/%m for job %s", strna(d->result), strna(d->name));
-                }
-
-                d->name = mfree(d->name);
-                d->result = mfree(d->result);
-        }
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_add(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path) {
-        int r;
-
-        assert(d);
-
-        r = set_ensure_allocated(&d->jobs, &string_hash_ops);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return set_put_strdup(d->jobs, path);
-}
-
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_one(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path, bool quiet) {
-        int r;
-
-        r = bus_wait_for_jobs_add(d, path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return log_oom();
-
-        return bus_wait_for_jobs(d, quiet, NULL);
-}
-
-int bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(sd_bus_message *m, bool quiet, UnitFileChange **changes, unsigned *n_changes) {
-        const char *type, *path, *source;
-        int r;
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sss)");
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sss)", &type, &path, &source)) > 0) {
-                /* We expect only "success" changes to be sent over the bus.
-                   Hence, reject anything negative. */
-                UnitFileChangeType ch = unit_file_change_type_from_string(type);
-
-                if (ch < 0) {
-                        log_notice("Manager reported unknown change type \"%s\" for path \"%s\", ignoring.", type, path);
-                        continue;
-                }
-
-                r = unit_file_changes_add(changes, n_changes, ch, path, source);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
-
-        unit_file_dump_changes(0, NULL, *changes, *n_changes, false);
-        return 0;
-}
-
 /**
  * bus_path_encode_unique() - encode unique object path
  * @b: bus connection or NULL
diff --git a/src/shared/bus-util.h b/src/shared/bus-util.h
index 1a0841ce81..d792258ecd 100644
--- a/src/shared/bus-util.h
+++ b/src/shared/bus-util.h
@@ -24,15 +24,12 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include "sd-bus-vtable.h"
 #include "sd-bus.h"
 #include "sd-event.h"
 
 #include "hashmap.h"
-#include "install.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
-#include "time-util.h"
 
 typedef enum BusTransport {
         BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL,
@@ -126,22 +123,6 @@ assert_cc(sizeof(mode_t) == sizeof(uint32_t));
 int bus_log_parse_error(int r);
 int bus_log_create_error(int r);
 
-typedef struct UnitInfo {
-        const char *machine;
-        const char *id;
-        const char *description;
-        const char *load_state;
-        const char *active_state;
-        const char *sub_state;
-        const char *following;
-        const char *unit_path;
-        uint32_t job_id;
-        const char *job_type;
-        const char *job_path;
-} UnitInfo;
-
-int bus_parse_unit_info(sd_bus_message *message, UnitInfo *u);
-
 #define BUS_DEFINE_PROPERTY_GET_ENUM(function, name, type)              \
         int function(sd_bus *bus,                                       \
                      const char *path,                                  \
@@ -173,20 +154,6 @@ int bus_parse_unit_info(sd_bus_message *message, UnitInfo *u);
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY(name, "t", bus_property_get_usec, (offset) + offsetof(struct dual_timestamp, realtime), (flags)), \
         SD_BUS_PROPERTY(name "Monotonic", "t", bus_property_get_usec, (offset) + offsetof(struct dual_timestamp, monotonic), (flags))
 
-int bus_append_unit_property_assignment(sd_bus_message *m, const char *assignment);
-
-typedef struct BusWaitForJobs BusWaitForJobs;
-
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_new(sd_bus *bus, BusWaitForJobs **ret);
-void bus_wait_for_jobs_free(BusWaitForJobs *d);
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_add(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path);
-int bus_wait_for_jobs(BusWaitForJobs *d, bool quiet, const char* const* extra_args);
-int bus_wait_for_jobs_one(BusWaitForJobs *d, const char *path, bool quiet);
-
-DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(BusWaitForJobs*, bus_wait_for_jobs_free);
-
-int bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(sd_bus_message *m, bool quiet, UnitFileChange **changes, unsigned *n_changes);
-
 int bus_path_encode_unique(sd_bus *b, const char *prefix, const char *sender_id, const char *external_id, char **ret_path);
 int bus_path_decode_unique(const char *path, const char *prefix, char **ret_sender, char **ret_external);
 
diff --git a/src/shared/cgroup-show.c b/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
index f3039b23f7..7539891bf2 100644
--- a/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
+++ b/src/shared/cgroup-show.c
@@ -37,23 +37,21 @@
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "terminal-util.h"
 
-static int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
-        const pid_t *p = a, *q = b;
+static void show_pid_array(
+                pid_t pids[],
+                unsigned n_pids,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                bool extra,
+                bool more,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
 
-        if (*p < *q)
-                return -1;
-        if (*p > *q)
-                return 1;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static void show_pid_array(pid_t pids[], unsigned n_pids, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool extra, bool more, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags) {
         unsigned i, j, pid_width;
 
         if (n_pids == 0)
                 return;
 
-        qsort(pids, n_pids, sizeof(pid_t), compare);
+        qsort(pids, n_pids, sizeof(pid_t), pid_compare_func);
 
         /* Filter duplicates */
         for (j = 0, i = 1; i < n_pids; i++) {
@@ -86,8 +84,13 @@ static void show_pid_array(pid_t pids[], unsigned n_pids, const char *prefix, un
         }
 }
 
+static int show_cgroup_one_by_path(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                bool more,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
 
-static int show_cgroup_one_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool more, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags) {
         char *fn;
         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
         size_t n = 0, n_allocated = 0;
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ static int show_cgroup_one_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigne
 
         while ((r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid)) > 0) {
 
-                if (!kernel_threads && is_kernel_thread(pid) > 0)
+                if (!(flags & OUTPUT_KERNEL_THREADS) && is_kernel_thread(pid) > 0)
                         continue;
 
                 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(pids, n_allocated, n + 1))
@@ -120,12 +123,17 @@ static int show_cgroup_one_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigne
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        show_pid_array(pids, n, prefix, n_columns, false, more, kernel_threads, flags);
+        show_pid_array(pids, n, prefix, n_columns, false, more, flags);
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags) {
+int show_cgroup_by_path(
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
         _cleanup_free_ char *fn = NULL, *p1 = NULL, *last = NULL, *p2 = NULL;
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
         char *gn = NULL;
@@ -137,8 +145,7 @@ int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns
         if (n_columns <= 0)
                 n_columns = columns();
 
-        if (!prefix)
-                prefix = "";
+        prefix = strempty(prefix);
 
         r = cg_mangle_path(path, &fn);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -160,7 +167,7 @@ int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns
                         continue;
 
                 if (!shown_pids) {
-                        show_cgroup_one_by_path(path, prefix, n_columns, true, kernel_threads, flags);
+                        show_cgroup_one_by_path(path, prefix, n_columns, true, flags);
                         shown_pids = true;
                 }
 
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns
                                         return -ENOMEM;
                         }
 
-                        show_cgroup_by_path(last, p1, n_columns-2, kernel_threads, flags);
+                        show_cgroup_by_path(last, p1, n_columns-2, flags);
                         free(last);
                 }
 
@@ -185,7 +192,7 @@ int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns
                 return r;
 
         if (!shown_pids)
-                show_cgroup_one_by_path(path, prefix, n_columns, !!last, kernel_threads, flags);
+                show_cgroup_one_by_path(path, prefix, n_columns, !!last, flags);
 
         if (last) {
                 printf("%s%s%s\n", prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_RIGHT), cg_unescape(basename(last)));
@@ -196,13 +203,17 @@ int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns
                                 return -ENOMEM;
                 }
 
-                show_cgroup_by_path(last, p2, n_columns-2, kernel_threads, flags);
+                show_cgroup_by_path(last, p2, n_columns-2, flags);
         }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-int show_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags) {
+int show_cgroup(const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
         int r;
 
@@ -212,10 +223,18 @@ int show_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, un
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        return show_cgroup_by_path(p, prefix, n_columns, kernel_threads, flags);
+        return show_cgroup_by_path(p, prefix, n_columns, flags);
 }
 
-static int show_extra_pids(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, const pid_t pids[], unsigned n_pids, OutputFlags flags) {
+static int show_extra_pids(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                const pid_t pids[],
+                unsigned n_pids,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
         _cleanup_free_ pid_t *copy = NULL;
         unsigned i, j;
         int r;
@@ -247,24 +266,39 @@ static int show_extra_pids(const char *controller, const char *path, const char
                 copy[j++] = pids[i];
         }
 
-        show_pid_array(copy, j, prefix, n_columns, true, false, false, flags);
+        show_pid_array(copy, j, prefix, n_columns, true, false, flags);
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-int show_cgroup_and_extra(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags) {
+int show_cgroup_and_extra(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                const pid_t extra_pids[],
+                unsigned n_extra_pids,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
         int r;
 
         assert(path);
 
-        r = show_cgroup(controller, path, prefix, n_columns, kernel_threads, flags);
+        r = show_cgroup(controller, path, prefix, n_columns, flags);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         return show_extra_pids(controller, path, prefix, n_columns, extra_pids, n_extra_pids, flags);
 }
 
-int show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(const char *spec, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags) {
+int show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(
+                const char *spec,
+                const char *prefix,
+                unsigned n_columns,
+                const pid_t extra_pids[],
+                unsigned n_extra_pids,
+                OutputFlags flags) {
+
         _cleanup_free_ char *controller = NULL, *path = NULL;
         int r;
 
@@ -274,5 +308,5 @@ int show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(const char *spec, const char *prefix, unsigned
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        return show_cgroup_and_extra(controller, path, prefix, n_columns, kernel_threads, extra_pids, n_extra_pids, flags);
+        return show_cgroup_and_extra(controller, path, prefix, n_columns, extra_pids, n_extra_pids, flags);
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/cgroup-show.h b/src/shared/cgroup-show.h
index 3ab7dfb33c..5c1d6e6d98 100644
--- a/src/shared/cgroup-show.h
+++ b/src/shared/cgroup-show.h
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 #include "logs-show.h"
 #include "output-mode.h"
 
-int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned columns, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags);
-int show_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned columns, bool kernel_threads, OutputFlags flags);
+int show_cgroup_by_path(const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned columns, OutputFlags flags);
+int show_cgroup(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned columns, OutputFlags flags);
 
-int show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(const char *spec, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags);
-int show_cgroup_and_extra(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, bool kernel_threads, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags);
+int show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(const char *spec, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags);
+int show_cgroup_and_extra(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *prefix, unsigned n_columns, const pid_t extra_pids[], unsigned n_extra_pids, OutputFlags flags);
diff --git a/src/shared/logs-show.c b/src/shared/logs-show.c
index 38a55525c0..cd3d53669c 100644
--- a/src/shared/logs-show.c
+++ b/src/shared/logs-show.c
@@ -344,16 +344,22 @@ static int output_short(
 
                 t = (time_t) (x / USEC_PER_SEC);
 
-                switch(mode) {
+                switch (mode) {
+
+                case OUTPUT_SHORT_UNIX:
+                        r = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%10llu.%06llu", (unsigned long long) t, (unsigned long long) (x % USEC_PER_SEC));
+                        break;
+
                 case OUTPUT_SHORT_ISO:
                         r = strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z", gettime_r(&t, &tm));
                         break;
+
                 case OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE:
                         r = strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%b %d %H:%M:%S", gettime_r(&t, &tm));
                         if (r > 0)
-                                snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf),
-                                         ".%06llu", (unsigned long long) (x % USEC_PER_SEC));
+                                snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), ".%06llu", (unsigned long long) (x % USEC_PER_SEC));
                         break;
+
                 default:
                         r = strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%b %d %H:%M:%S", gettime_r(&t, &tm));
                 }
@@ -367,6 +373,12 @@ static int output_short(
                 n += strlen(buf);
         }
 
+        if (hostname && (flags & OUTPUT_NO_HOSTNAME)) {
+                /* Suppress display of the hostname if this is requested. */
+                hostname = NULL;
+                hostname_len = 0;
+        }
+
         if (hostname && shall_print(hostname, hostname_len, flags)) {
                 fprintf(f, " %.*s", (int) hostname_len, hostname);
                 n += hostname_len + 1;
@@ -894,6 +906,7 @@ static int (*output_funcs[_OUTPUT_MODE_MAX])(
         [OUTPUT_SHORT_ISO] = output_short,
         [OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE] = output_short,
         [OUTPUT_SHORT_MONOTONIC] = output_short,
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT_UNIX] = output_short,
         [OUTPUT_VERBOSE] = output_verbose,
         [OUTPUT_EXPORT] = output_export,
         [OUTPUT_JSON] = output_json,
@@ -1040,8 +1053,8 @@ static int show_journal(FILE *f,
 }
 
 int add_matches_for_unit(sd_journal *j, const char *unit) {
+        const char *m1, *m2, *m3, *m4;
         int r;
-        char *m1, *m2, *m3, *m4;
 
         assert(j);
         assert(unit);
@@ -1073,7 +1086,9 @@ int add_matches_for_unit(sd_journal *j, const char *unit) {
         );
 
         if (r == 0 && endswith(unit, ".slice")) {
-                const char *m5 = strjoina("_SYSTEMD_SLICE=", unit);
+                const char *m5;
+
+                m5 = strjoina("_SYSTEMD_SLICE=", unit);
 
                 /* Show all messages belonging to a slice */
                 (void)(
@@ -1123,7 +1138,9 @@ int add_matches_for_user_unit(sd_journal *j, const char *unit, uid_t uid) {
         );
 
         if (r == 0 && endswith(unit, ".slice")) {
-                char *m5 = strappend("_SYSTEMD_SLICE=", unit);
+                const char *m5;
+
+                m5 = strjoina("_SYSTEMD_SLICE=", unit);
 
                 /* Show all messages belonging to a slice */
                 (void)(
@@ -1288,18 +1305,3 @@ int show_journal_by_unit(
 
         return show_journal(f, j, mode, n_columns, not_before, how_many, flags, ellipsized);
 }
-
-static const char *const output_mode_table[_OUTPUT_MODE_MAX] = {
-        [OUTPUT_SHORT] = "short",
-        [OUTPUT_SHORT_ISO] = "short-iso",
-        [OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE] = "short-precise",
-        [OUTPUT_SHORT_MONOTONIC] = "short-monotonic",
-        [OUTPUT_VERBOSE] = "verbose",
-        [OUTPUT_EXPORT] = "export",
-        [OUTPUT_JSON] = "json",
-        [OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY] = "json-pretty",
-        [OUTPUT_JSON_SSE] = "json-sse",
-        [OUTPUT_CAT] = "cat"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(output_mode, OutputMode);
diff --git a/src/shared/logs-show.h b/src/shared/logs-show.h
index 9765a24ff2..6643440881 100644
--- a/src/shared/logs-show.h
+++ b/src/shared/logs-show.h
@@ -68,6 +68,3 @@ void json_escape(
                 const char* p,
                 size_t l,
                 OutputFlags flags);
-
-const char* output_mode_to_string(OutputMode m) _const_;
-OutputMode output_mode_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/shared/output-mode.c b/src/shared/output-mode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bec53ee0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/shared/output-mode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "output-mode.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+
+static const char *const output_mode_table[_OUTPUT_MODE_MAX] = {
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT] = "short",
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT_ISO] = "short-iso",
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE] = "short-precise",
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT_MONOTONIC] = "short-monotonic",
+        [OUTPUT_SHORT_UNIX] = "short-unix",
+        [OUTPUT_VERBOSE] = "verbose",
+        [OUTPUT_EXPORT] = "export",
+        [OUTPUT_JSON] = "json",
+        [OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY] = "json-pretty",
+        [OUTPUT_JSON_SSE] = "json-sse",
+        [OUTPUT_CAT] = "cat"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(output_mode, OutputMode);
diff --git a/src/shared/output-mode.h b/src/shared/output-mode.h
index c5470e7c1b..f37189e57f 100644
--- a/src/shared/output-mode.h
+++ b/src/shared/output-mode.h
@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "macro.h"
+
 typedef enum OutputMode {
         OUTPUT_SHORT,
         OUTPUT_SHORT_ISO,
         OUTPUT_SHORT_PRECISE,
         OUTPUT_SHORT_MONOTONIC,
+        OUTPUT_SHORT_UNIX,
         OUTPUT_VERBOSE,
         OUTPUT_EXPORT,
         OUTPUT_JSON,
@@ -34,6 +37,9 @@ typedef enum OutputMode {
         _OUTPUT_MODE_INVALID = -1
 } OutputMode;
 
+/* The output flags definitions are shared by the logs and process tree output. Some apply to both, some only to the
+ * logs output, others only to the process tree output. */
+
 typedef enum OutputFlags {
         OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL       = 1 << 0,
         OUTPUT_FOLLOW         = 1 << 1,
@@ -43,4 +49,9 @@ typedef enum OutputFlags {
         OUTPUT_CATALOG        = 1 << 5,
         OUTPUT_BEGIN_NEWLINE  = 1 << 6,
         OUTPUT_UTC            = 1 << 7,
+        OUTPUT_KERNEL_THREADS = 1 << 8,
+        OUTPUT_NO_HOSTNAME    = 1 << 9,
 } OutputFlags;
+
+const char* output_mode_to_string(OutputMode m) _const_;
+OutputMode output_mode_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/shared/path-lookup.c b/src/shared/path-lookup.c
index 80a2ea7940..ca593b6963 100644
--- a/src/shared/path-lookup.c
+++ b/src/shared/path-lookup.c
@@ -586,9 +586,16 @@ int lookup_paths_init(
                 if (!add)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
-                r = strv_extend_strv(&paths, add, true);
-                if (r < 0)
+                if (paths) {
+                        r = strv_extend_strv(&paths, add, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
+                } else {
+                        /* Small optimization: if paths is NULL (and it usually is), we can simply assign 'add' to it,
+                         * and don't have to copy anything */
+                        paths = add;
+                        add = NULL;
+                }
         }
 
         r = patch_root_prefix(&persistent_config, root);
diff --git a/src/systemctl/systemctl.c b/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
index 04205411dd..595d6853c6 100644
--- a/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
+++ b/src/systemctl/systemctl.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include "bus-common-errors.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
 #include "bus-message.h"
+#include "bus-unit-util.h"
 #include "bus-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-show.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
@@ -324,6 +325,8 @@ static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
 }
 
 static bool output_show_unit(const UnitInfo *u, char **patterns) {
+        assert(u);
+
         if (!strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, u->id, FNM_NOESCAPE))
                 return false;
 
@@ -1280,6 +1283,8 @@ static int compare_unit_file_list(const void *a, const void *b) {
 }
 
 static bool output_show_unit_file(const UnitFileList *u, char **patterns) {
+        assert(u);
+
         if (!strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, basename(u->path), FNM_NOESCAPE))
                 return false;
 
@@ -3434,6 +3439,7 @@ typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
 } UnitStatusInfo;
 
 static void print_status_info(
+                sd_bus *bus,
                 UnitStatusInfo *i,
                 bool *ellipsized) {
 
@@ -3444,6 +3450,7 @@ static void print_status_info(
         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
         const char *path;
         char **t, **t2;
+        int r;
 
         assert(i);
 
@@ -3716,25 +3723,26 @@ static void print_status_info(
                 printf("      CPU: %s\n", format_timespan(buf, sizeof(buf), i->cpu_usage_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC, USEC_PER_MSEC));
         }
 
-        if (i->control_group &&
-            (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0 ||
-             (!IN_SET(arg_transport, BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL, BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) || cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group) == 0))) {
+        if (i->control_group)
+                printf("   CGroup: %s\n", i->control_group);
+
+        {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                static const char prefix[] = "           ";
                 unsigned c;
 
-                printf("   CGroup: %s\n", i->control_group);
+                c = columns();
+                if (c > sizeof(prefix) - 1)
+                        c -= sizeof(prefix) - 1;
+                else
+                        c = 0;
 
-                if (IN_SET(arg_transport,
-                           BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL,
-                           BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE)) {
+                r = unit_show_processes(bus, i->id, i->control_group, prefix, c, get_output_flags(), &error);
+                if (r == -EBADR) {
                         unsigned k = 0;
                         pid_t extra[2];
-                        static const char prefix[] = "           ";
 
-                        c = columns();
-                        if (c > sizeof(prefix) - 1)
-                                c -= sizeof(prefix) - 1;
-                        else
-                                c = 0;
+                        /* Fallback for older systemd versions where the GetUnitProcesses() call is not yet available */
 
                         if (i->main_pid > 0)
                                 extra[k++] = i->main_pid;
@@ -3742,8 +3750,9 @@ static void print_status_info(
                         if (i->control_pid > 0)
                                 extra[k++] = i->control_pid;
 
-                        show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group, prefix, c, false, extra, k, get_output_flags());
-                }
+                        show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group, prefix, c, extra, k, get_output_flags());
+                } else if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to dump process list, ignoring: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
         }
 
         if (i->id && arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
@@ -4504,7 +4513,7 @@ static int show_one(
                 if (streq(verb, "help"))
                         show_unit_help(&info);
                 else
-                        print_status_info(&info, ellipsized);
+                        print_status_info(bus, &info, ellipsized);
         }
 
         strv_free(info.documentation);
@@ -4658,7 +4667,7 @@ static int show_system_status(sd_bus *bus) {
                 else
                         c = 0;
 
-                show_cgroup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, strempty(mi.control_group), prefix, c, false, get_output_flags());
+                show_cgroup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, strempty(mi.control_group), prefix, c, get_output_flags());
         }
 
         return 0;
diff --git a/src/test/test-tmpfiles.c b/src/test/test-tmpfiles.c
index d7223dd2bf..8fda0904f3 100644
--- a/src/test/test-tmpfiles.c
+++ b/src/test/test-tmpfiles.c
@@ -32,15 +32,17 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cmd = NULL, *cmd2 = NULL, *ans = NULL, *ans2 = NULL, *d = NULL, *tmp = NULL, *line = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, fd2 = -1, fd3 = -1;
         const char *p = argv[1] ?: "/tmp";
-        char *pattern = strjoina(p, "/systemd-test-XXXXXX");
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd, fd2;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *cmd, *cmd2, *ans, *ans2;
+        char *pattern;
 
         log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
         log_parse_environment();
 
-        fd = open_tmpfile(p, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
+        pattern = strjoina(p, "/systemd-test-XXXXXX");
+
+        fd = open_tmpfile_unlinkable(p, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
         assert_se(fd >= 0);
 
         assert_se(asprintf(&cmd, "ls -l /proc/"PID_FMT"/fd/%d", getpid(), fd) > 0);
@@ -59,5 +61,21 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
         log_debug("link2: %s", ans2);
         assert_se(endswith(ans2, " (deleted)"));
 
+        pattern = strjoina(p, "/tmpfiles-test");
+        assert_se(tempfn_random(pattern, NULL, &d) >= 0);
+
+        fd = open_tmpfile_linkable(d, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC, &tmp);
+        assert_se(fd >= 0);
+        assert_se(write(fd, "foobar\n", 7) == 7);
+
+        assert_se(touch(d) >= 0);
+        assert_se(link_tmpfile(fd, tmp, d) == -EEXIST);
+        assert_se(unlink(d) >= 0);
+        assert_se(link_tmpfile(fd, tmp, d) >= 0);
+
+        assert_se(read_one_line_file(d, &line) >= 0);
+        assert_se(streq(line, "foobar"));
+        assert_se(unlink(d) >= 0);
+
         return 0;
 }
diff --git a/units/systemd-user-sessions.service.in b/units/systemd-user-sessions.service.in
index c09c05d4d5..b4ea5a134b 100644
--- a/units/systemd-user-sessions.service.in
+++ b/units/systemd-user-sessions.service.in
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 [Unit]
 Description=Permit User Sessions
 Documentation=man:systemd-user-sessions.service(8)
-After=remote-fs.target nss-user-lookup.target
+After=remote-fs.target nss-user-lookup.target network.target
 
 [Service]
 Type=oneshot