Merge pull request #1165 from poettering/nspawn-files

various fixes to the core, logind, machined, nspawn

22 files changed, 1582 insertions, 317 deletions

diff --git a/Makefile-man.am b/Makefile-man.am
index ab68c81b1d..3b8038611b 100644
--- a/Makefile-man.am
+++ b/Makefile-man.am
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ MANPAGES += \
 	man/systemd.kill.5 \
 	man/systemd.link.5 \
 	man/systemd.mount.5 \
+	man/systemd.nspawn.5 \
 	man/systemd.path.5 \
 	man/systemd.preset.5 \
 	man/systemd.resource-control.5 \
@@ -2382,6 +2383,7 @@ EXTRA_DIST += \
 	man/systemd.mount.xml \
 	man/systemd.netdev.xml \
 	man/systemd.network.xml \
+	man/systemd.nspawn.xml \
 	man/systemd.path.xml \
 	man/systemd.preset.xml \
 	man/systemd.resource-control.xml \
diff --git a/Makefile.am b/Makefile.am
index 003308e580..1a844acc13 100644
--- a/Makefile.am
+++ b/Makefile.am
@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ noinst_PROGRAMS =
 TESTS =
 endif
 udevlibexec_PROGRAMS =
+gperf_gperf_sources =
 
 in_files = $(filter %.in,$(EXTRA_DIST))
 in_in_files = $(filter %.in.in, $(in_files))
@@ -220,6 +221,7 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS = \
 	-I $(top_builddir)/src/journal \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/timedate \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/timesync \
+	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/nspawn \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/resolve \
 	-I $(top_builddir)/src/resolve \
 	-I $(top_srcdir)/src/systemd \
@@ -2776,11 +2778,20 @@ systemd_cgtop_LDADD = \
 # ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 systemd_nspawn_SOURCES = \
 	src/nspawn/nspawn.c \
+	src/nspawn/nspawn.h \
+	src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.c \
+	src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.h \
 	src/core/mount-setup.c \
 	src/core/mount-setup.h \
 	src/core/loopback-setup.c \
 	src/core/loopback-setup.h
 
+nodist_systemd_nspawn_SOURCES = \
+	src/nspawn/nspawn-gperf.c
+
+gperf_gperf_sources += \
+	src/nspawn/nspawn-gperf.gperf
+
 systemd_nspawn_CFLAGS = \
 	$(AM_CFLAGS) \
 	$(BLKID_CFLAGS) \
@@ -3486,7 +3497,7 @@ nodist_libudev_core_la_SOURCES = \
 	src/udev/keyboard-keys-to-name.h \
 	src/udev/net/link-config-gperf.c
 
-gperf_gperf_sources = \
+gperf_gperf_sources += \
 	src/udev/net/link-config-gperf.gperf
 
 libudev_core_la_CFLAGS = \
diff --git a/man/systemd-nspawn.xml b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
index 6165fe1357..b1d68b9ecd 100644
--- a/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
+++ b/man/systemd-nspawn.xml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
 
@@ -748,34 +748,86 @@
       </varlistentry>
 
       <varlistentry>
-        <term><option>--volatile</option><replaceable>=MODE</replaceable></term>
+        <term><option>--volatile</option></term>
+        <term><option>--volatile=</option><replaceable>MODE</replaceable></term>
 
         <listitem><para>Boots the container in volatile mode. When no
         mode parameter is passed or when mode is specified as
-        <literal>yes</literal> full volatile mode is enabled. This
+        <option>yes</option> full volatile mode is enabled. This
         means the root directory is mounted as mostly unpopulated
         <literal>tmpfs</literal> instance, and
         <filename>/usr</filename> from the OS tree is mounted into it,
         read-only (the system thus starts up with read-only OS
         resources, but pristine state and configuration, any changes
         to the either are lost on shutdown). When the mode parameter
-        is specified as <literal>state</literal> the OS tree is
+        is specified as <option>state</option> the OS tree is
         mounted read-only, but <filename>/var</filename> is mounted as
         <literal>tmpfs</literal> instance into it (the system thus
         starts up with read-only OS resources and configuration, but
         pristine state, any changes to the latter are lost on
         shutdown). When the mode parameter is specified as
-        <literal>no</literal> (the default) the whole OS tree is made
+        <option>no</option> (the default) the whole OS tree is made
         available writable.</para>
 
-        <para>Note that setting this to <literal>yes</literal> or
-        <literal>state</literal> will only work correctly with
+        <para>Note that setting this to <option>yes</option> or
+        <option>state</option> will only work correctly with
         operating systems in the container that can boot up with only
         <filename>/usr</filename> mounted, and are able to populate
         <filename>/var</filename> automatically, as
         needed.</para></listitem>
       </varlistentry>
 
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--settings=</option><replaceable>MODE</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Controls whether
+        <command>systemd-nspawn</command> shall search for and use
+        additional per-container settings from
+        <filename>.nspawn</filename> files. Takes a boolean or the
+        special values <option>override</option> or
+        <option>trusted</option>.</para>
+
+        <para>If enabled (the default) a settings file named after the
+        machine (as specified with the <option>--machine=</option>
+        setting, or derived from the directory or image file name)
+        with the suffix <filename>.nspawn</filename> is searched in
+        <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
+        <filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/</filename>. If it is found
+        there, its settings are read and used. If it is not found
+        there it is subequently searched in the same directory as the
+        image file or in the immediate parent of the root directory of
+        the container. In this case, if the file is found its settings
+        will be also read and used, but potentially unsafe settings
+        are ignored. Note that in both these cases settings on the
+        command line take precendence over the corresponding settings
+        from loaded <filename>.nspawn</filename> files, if both are
+        specified. Unsafe settings are considered all settings that
+        elevate the container's privileges or grant access to
+        additional resources such as files or directories of the
+        host. For details about the format and contents of
+        <filename>.nspawn</filename> files consult
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+        <para>If this option is set to <option>override</option> the
+        file is searched, read and used the same way, however the order of
+        precedence is reversed: settings read from the
+        <filename>.nspawn</filename> file will take precedence over
+        the corresponding command line options, if both are
+        specified.</para>
+
+        <para>If this option is set to <option>trusted</option> the
+        file is searched, read and used the same way, but regardless
+        if found in <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename>,
+        <filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/</filename> or next to the image
+        file or container root directory, all settings will take
+        effect, however command line arguments still take precedence
+        over corresponding settings.</para>
+
+        <para>If disabled no <filename>.nspawn</filename> file is read
+        and no settings except the ones on the command line are in
+        effect.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
       <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
     </variablelist>
@@ -859,6 +911,7 @@
     <title>See Also</title>
     <para>
       <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='mankier'><refentrytitle>dnf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
       <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
diff --git a/man/systemd.nspawn.xml b/man/systemd.nspawn.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac0b911373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/systemd.nspawn.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+  "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
+<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
+%entities;
+]>
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2015 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.nspawn">
+
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <title>systemd.nspawn</title>
+    <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+    <authorgroup>
+      <author>
+        <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+        <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+        <surname>Poettering</surname>
+        <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+      </author>
+    </authorgroup>
+  </refentryinfo>
+
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>systemd.nspawn</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+  </refmeta>
+
+  <refnamediv>
+    <refname>systemd.nspawn</refname>
+    <refpurpose>Container settings</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv>
+    <para><filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
+    <para><filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
+    <para><filename>/var/lib/machines/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Description</title>
+
+    <para>An nspawn container settings file (suffix
+    <filename>.nspawn</filename>) encodes additional runtime
+    information about a local container, and is searched, read and
+    used by
+    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+    when starting a container. Files of this type are named after the
+    containers they define settings for. They are optional, and only
+    required for containers whose execution environment shall differ
+    from the defaults. Files of this type mostly contain settings that
+    may also be set on the <command>systemd-nspawn</command> command
+    line, and make it easier to persistently attach specific settings
+    to specific containers. The syntax of these files is inspired by
+    <filename>.desktop</filename> files following the <ulink
+    url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG
+    Desktop Entry Specification</ulink>, which are in turn inspired by
+    Microsoft Windows <filename>.ini</filename> files.</para>
+
+    <para>Boolean arguments used in these settings files can be
+    written in various formats. For positive settings the strings
+    <option>1</option>, <option>yes</option>, <option>true</option>
+    and <option>on</option> are equivalent. For negative settings, the
+    strings <option>0</option>, <option>no</option>,
+    <option>false</option> and <option>off</option> are
+    equivalent.</para>
+
+    <para>Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are
+    ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending
+    in a backslash are concatenated with the following
+    line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a
+    space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para>
+
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title><filename>.nspawn</filename> File Discovery</title>
+
+    <para>Files are searched by appending the
+    <filename>.nspawn</filename> suffix to the machine name of the
+    container, as specified with the <option>--machine=</option>
+    switch of <command>systemd-nspawn</command>, or derived from the
+    directory or image file name. This file is first searched in
+    <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
+    <filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/</filename>. If found in these
+    directories its settings are read and all of them take full effect
+    (but are possibly overriden by corresponding command line
+    arguments). If not found the file will then be searched next to
+    the image file or in the immediate parent of the root directory of
+    the container. If the file is found there only a subset of the
+    settings will take effect however. All settings that possibly
+    elevate privileges or grant additional access to resources of the
+    host (such as files or directories) are ignored. To which options
+    this applies is documented below.</para>
+
+    <para>Persistent settings file created and maintained by the
+    administrator (and thus trusted) should be placed in
+    <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename>, while automatically
+    downloaded (and thus potentially untrusted) settings files are
+    placed in <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> instead (next to
+    the container images), where their security impact is limited. In
+    order to add privileged settings to <filename>.nspawn</filename>
+    files acquired from the image vendor it is recommended to copy the
+    settings files into <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
+    edit them there, so that the privileged options become
+    available. The precise algorithm how the files are searched and
+    interpreted may be configured with
+    <command>systemd-nspawn</command>'s <option>--settings=</option>
+    switch, see
+    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+    for details.</para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>[Exec] Section Options</title>
+
+    <para>Settings files may include an <literal>[Exec]</literal>
+    section, which carries various execution parameters:</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Boot=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to off. If
+        enabled <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will automatically
+        search for an <filename>init</filename> executable and invoke
+        it. In this case the specified parameters using
+        <varname>Parameters=</varname> are passed as additional
+        arguments to the <filename>init</filename> process. This
+        setting corresponds to the <option>--boot</option> switch on
+        the <command>systemd-nspawn</command> command
+        line. </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Parameters=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a space separated list of
+        arguments. This is either a command line, beginning with the
+        binary name to execute, or – if <varname>Boot=</varname> is
+        enabled – the list of arguments to pass to the init
+        process. This setting corresponds to the command line
+        parameters passed on the <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
+        command line.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes an environment variable assignment
+        consisting of key and value, separated by
+        <literal>=</literal>. Sets an environment variable for the
+        main process invoked in the container. This setting may be
+        used multiple times to set multiple environment variables. It
+        corresponds to the <option>--setenv=</option> command line
+        switch.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a UNIX user name. Specifies the user
+        name to invoke the main process of the container as. This user
+        must be known in the container's user database. This
+        corresponds to the <option>--user=</option> command line
+        switch.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Capability=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>DropCapability=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a space separated list of Linux process
+        capabilities (see
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        for details). The <varname>Capability=</varname> setting
+        specifies additional capabilities to pass on top of the
+        default set of capabilites. The
+        <varname>DropCapability=</varname> setting specifies
+        capabilities to drop from the default set. These settings
+        correspond to the <option>--capability=</option> and
+        <option>--drop-capability=</option> command line
+        switches. Note that <varname>Capability=</varname> is a
+        privileged setting, and only takes effect in
+        <filename>.nspawn</filename> files in
+        <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
+        <filename>/run/system/nspawn/</filename> (see above). On the
+        other hand <varname>DropCapability=</varname> takes effect in
+        all cases.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Personality=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Configures the kernel personality for the
+        container. This is equivalent to the
+        <option>--personality=</option> switch.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>MachineID=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Configures the 128bit machine ID (UUID) to pass to
+        the container. This is equivalent to the
+        <option>--uuid=</option> command line switch. This option is
+        privileged (see above). </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>[Files] Section Options</title>
+
+    <para>Settings files may include a <literal>[Files]</literal>
+    section, which carries various parameters configuring the file
+    system of the container:</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>ReadOnly=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to off. If
+        specified the container will be run with a read-only file
+        system. This setting corresponds to the
+        <option>--read-only</option> command line
+        switch.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Volatile=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, or the special value
+        <literal>state</literal>. This configures whether to run the
+        container with volatile state and/or configuration. This
+        option is equivalent to <option>--volatile=</option>, see
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        for details about the specific options
+        supported.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Bind=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>BindReadOnly=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Adds a bind mount from the host into the
+        container. Takes a single path, a pair of two paths separated
+        by a colon, or a triplet of two paths plus an option string
+        separated by colons. This option may be used multiple times to
+        configure multiple bind mounts. This option is equivalent to
+        the command line switches <option>--bind=</option> and
+        <option>--bind-ro=</option>, see
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        for details about the specific options supported. This setting
+        is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>TemporaryFileSystem=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Adds a <literal>tmpfs</literal> mount to the
+        container. Takes a path or a pair of path and option string,
+        separated by a colon. This option may be used mutiple times to
+        configure multiple <literal>tmpfs</literal> mounts. This
+        option is equivalent to the command line switch
+        <option>--tmpfs=</option>, see
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        for details about the specific options supported. This setting
+        is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
+
+    <para>Settings files may include a <literal>[Network]</literal>
+    section, which carries various parameters configuring the network
+    connectivity of the container:</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Private=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, defaults to off. If
+        enabled the container will run in its own network namespace
+        and not share network interfaces and configuration with the
+        host. This setting corresponds to the
+        <option>--private-network</option> command line
+        switch.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>VirtualEthernet=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
+        to create a virtual ethernet connection
+        (<literal>veth</literal>) between host and the container. This
+        setting implies <varname>Private=yes</varname>. This setting
+        corresponds to the <option>--network-veth</option> command
+        line switch. This option is privileged (see
+        above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Interface=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a space separated list of interfaces to
+        add to the container. This option corresponds to the
+        <option>--network-interface=</option> command line switch and
+        implies <varname>Private=yes</varname>. This option is
+        privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>IPVLAN=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes a space separated list of interfaces to
+        add MACLVAN or IPVLAN interfaces to, which are then added to
+        the container. These options correspond to the
+        <option>--network-macvlan=</option> and
+        <option>--network-ipvlan=</option> command line switches and
+        imply <varname>Private=yes</varname>. These options are
+        privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Takes an interface name. This setting implies
+        <varname>VirtualEthernet=yes</varname> and
+        <varname>Private=yes</varname> and has the effect that the
+        host side of the created virtual Ethernet link is connected to
+        the specified bridge interface. This option corresponds to the
+        <option>--network-bridge=</option> command line switch. This
+        option is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>Port=</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Exposes a TCP or UDP port of the container on
+        the host. This option corresponds to the
+        <option>--port=</option> command line switch, see
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        for the precise syntax of the argument this option takes. This
+        option is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>See Also</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>
diff --git a/man/systemd.unit.xml b/man/systemd.unit.xml
index 407f6d32eb..ea58580bba 100644
--- a/man/systemd.unit.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.unit.xml
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@
   </refsect1>
 
   <refsect1>
-    <title>Unit Load Path</title>
+    <title>Unit File Load Path</title>
 
     <para>Unit files are loaded from a set of paths determined during
     compilation, described in the two tables below. Unit files found
diff --git a/src/basic/conf-files.h b/src/basic/conf-files.h
index 3169a907f1..d8aebc5e5b 100644
--- a/src/basic/conf-files.h
+++ b/src/basic/conf-files.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-
-int conf_files_list(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char *dir, ...);
-int conf_files_list_strv(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char* const* dirs);
-int conf_files_list_nulstr(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char *dirs);
+int conf_files_list(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char *dir, ...);
+int conf_files_list_strv(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char* const* dirs);
+int conf_files_list_nulstr(char ***ret, const char *suffix, const char *root, const char *dirs);
diff --git a/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4 b/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
index 60b97722db..edd55b9e45 100644
--- a/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
+++ b/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ m4_define(`KILL_CONTEXT_CONFIG_ITEMS',
 `$1.SendSIGKILL,                 config_parse_bool,                  0,                             offsetof($1, kill_context.send_sigkill)
 $1.SendSIGHUP,                   config_parse_bool,                  0,                             offsetof($1, kill_context.send_sighup)
 $1.KillMode,                     config_parse_kill_mode,             0,                             offsetof($1, kill_context.kill_mode)
-$1.KillSignal,                   config_parse_kill_signal,           0,                             offsetof($1, kill_context.kill_signal)'
+$1.KillSignal,                   config_parse_signal,                0,                             offsetof($1, kill_context.kill_signal)'
 )m4_dnl
 m4_define(`CGROUP_CONTEXT_CONFIG_ITEMS',
 `$1.Slice,                       config_parse_unit_slice,            0,                             0
diff --git a/src/core/load-fragment.c b/src/core/load-fragment.c
index 745291c5c6..542bf8eb26 100644
--- a/src/core/load-fragment.c
+++ b/src/core/load-fragment.c
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ int config_parse_bounding_set(const char *unit,
 
                 cap = capability_from_name(t);
                 if (cap < 0) {
-                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, errno, "Failed to parse capability in bounding set, ignoring: %s", t);
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL, "Failed to parse capability in bounding set, ignoring: %s", t);
                         continue;
                 }
 
@@ -1143,39 +1143,8 @@ int config_parse_sysv_priority(const char *unit,
 #endif
 
 DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_exec_utmp_mode, exec_utmp_mode, ExecUtmpMode, "Failed to parse utmp mode");
-
 DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_kill_mode, kill_mode, KillMode, "Failed to parse kill mode");
 
-int config_parse_kill_signal(const char *unit,
-                             const char *filename,
-                             unsigned line,
-                             const char *section,
-                             unsigned section_line,
-                             const char *lvalue,
-                             int ltype,
-                             const char *rvalue,
-                             void *data,
-                             void *userdata) {
-
-        int *sig = data;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(filename);
-        assert(lvalue);
-        assert(rvalue);
-        assert(sig);
-
-        r = signal_from_string_try_harder(rvalue);
-        if (r <= 0) {
-                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -r,
-                           "Failed to parse kill signal, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        *sig = r;
-        return 0;
-}
-
 int config_parse_exec_mount_flags(const char *unit,
                                   const char *filename,
                                   unsigned line,
@@ -3021,36 +2990,6 @@ int config_parse_job_mode_isolate(
         return 0;
 }
 
-int config_parse_personality(
-                const char *unit,
-                const char *filename,
-                unsigned line,
-                const char *section,
-                unsigned section_line,
-                const char *lvalue,
-                int ltype,
-                const char *rvalue,
-                void *data,
-                void *userdata) {
-
-        unsigned long *personality = data, p;
-
-        assert(filename);
-        assert(lvalue);
-        assert(rvalue);
-        assert(personality);
-
-        p = personality_from_string(rvalue);
-        if (p == PERSONALITY_INVALID) {
-                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL,
-                           "Failed to parse personality, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        *personality = p;
-        return 0;
-}
-
 int config_parse_runtime_directory(
                 const char *unit,
                 const char *filename,
@@ -3720,7 +3659,7 @@ void unit_dump_config_items(FILE *f) {
                 { config_parse_sysv_priority,         "SYSVPRIORITY" },
 #endif
                 { config_parse_kill_mode,             "KILLMODE" },
-                { config_parse_kill_signal,           "SIGNAL" },
+                { config_parse_signal,                "SIGNAL" },
                 { config_parse_socket_listen,         "SOCKET [...]" },
                 { config_parse_socket_bind,           "SOCKETBIND" },
                 { config_parse_socket_bindtodevice,   "NETWORKINTERFACE" },
diff --git a/src/core/load-fragment.h b/src/core/load-fragment.h
index fcca2b0221..1d128716c4 100644
--- a/src/core/load-fragment.h
+++ b/src/core/load-fragment.h
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ int config_parse_blockio_bandwidth(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsig
 int config_parse_job_mode(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_job_mode_isolate(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_exec_selinux_context(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
-int config_parse_personality(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_exec_apparmor_profile(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_exec_smack_process_label(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_address_families(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
diff --git a/src/core/unit.c b/src/core/unit.c
index a5714adf38..45ce1b172d 100644
--- a/src/core/unit.c
+++ b/src/core/unit.c
@@ -1416,9 +1416,14 @@ int unit_start(Unit *u) {
 
         assert(u);
 
+        /* Units that aren't loaded cannot be started */
         if (u->load_state != UNIT_LOADED)
                 return -EINVAL;
 
+        /* Units of types that aren't supported annot be started either */
+        if (!unit_supported(u))
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
         /* If this is already started, then this will succeed. Note
          * that this will even succeed if this unit is not startable
          * by the user. This is relied on to detect when we need to
@@ -1451,9 +1456,6 @@ int unit_start(Unit *u) {
                 return unit_start(following);
         }
 
-        if (!unit_supported(u))
-                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-
         /* If it is stopped, but we cannot start it, then fail */
         if (!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->start)
                 return -EBADR;
@@ -1472,6 +1474,12 @@ int unit_start(Unit *u) {
 bool unit_can_start(Unit *u) {
         assert(u);
 
+        if (u->load_state != UNIT_LOADED)
+                return false;
+
+        if (!unit_supported(u))
+                return false;
+
         return !!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->start;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/login/logind-dbus.c b/src/login/logind-dbus.c
index 14b6e0ddad..b6fa50aa52 100644
--- a/src/login/logind-dbus.c
+++ b/src/login/logind-dbus.c
@@ -1789,10 +1789,9 @@ static int nologin_timeout_handler(
 }
 
 static int update_schedule_file(Manager *m) {
-
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *temp_path = NULL;
         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *temp_path = NULL;
+        int r;
 
         assert(m);
 
@@ -1800,12 +1799,6 @@ static int update_schedule_file(Manager *m) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create shutdown subdirectory: %m");
 
-        if (!isempty(m->wall_message)) {
-                t = cescape(m->wall_message);
-                if (!t)
-                        return log_oom();
-        }
-
         r = fopen_temporary("/run/systemd/shutdown/scheduled", &f, &temp_path);
         if (r < 0)
                 return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to save information about scheduled shutdowns: %m");
@@ -1820,8 +1813,17 @@ static int update_schedule_file(Manager *m) {
                 m->enable_wall_messages,
                 m->scheduled_shutdown_type);
 
-        if (t)
+        if (!isempty(m->wall_message)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
+
+                t = cescape(m->wall_message);
+                if (!t) {
+                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
                 fprintf(f, "WALL_MESSAGE=%s\n", t);
+        }
 
         r = fflush_and_check(f);
         if (r < 0)
diff --git a/src/machine/machine.c b/src/machine/machine.c
index 0d1b119dc1..a056ec3b08 100644
--- a/src/machine/machine.c
+++ b/src/machine/machine.c
@@ -547,8 +547,18 @@ int machine_openpt(Machine *m, int flags) {
 
         switch (m->class) {
 
-        case MACHINE_HOST:
-                return posix_openpt(flags);
+        case MACHINE_HOST: {
+                int fd;
+
+                fd = posix_openpt(flags);
+                if (fd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (unlockpt(fd) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                return fd;
+        }
 
         case MACHINE_CONTAINER:
                 if (m->leader <= 0)
diff --git a/src/nspawn/.gitignore b/src/nspawn/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85c81fff24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nspawn/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/nspawn-gperf.c
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn-gperf.gperf b/src/nspawn/nspawn-gperf.gperf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b68dfa9f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn-gperf.gperf
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+%{
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "nspawn.h"
+#include "nspawn-settings.h"
+%}
+struct ConfigPerfItem;
+%null_strings
+%language=ANSI-C
+%define slot-name section_and_lvalue
+%define hash-function-name nspawn_gperf_hash
+%define lookup-function-name nspawn_gperf_lookup
+%readonly-tables
+%omit-struct-type
+%struct-type
+%includes
+%%
+Exec.Boot,                 config_parse_tristate,      0, offsetof(Settings, boot)
+Exec.Parameters,           config_parse_strv,          0, offsetof(Settings, parameters)
+Exec.Environment,          config_parse_strv,          0, offsetof(Settings, environment)
+Exec.User,                 config_parse_string,        0, offsetof(Settings, user)
+Exec.Capability,           config_parse_capability,    0, offsetof(Settings, capability)
+Exec.DropCapability,       config_parse_capability,    0, offsetof(Settings, drop_capability)
+Exec.KillSignal,           config_parse_signal,        0, offsetof(Settings, kill_signal)
+Exec.Personality,          config_parse_personality,   0, offsetof(Settings, personality)
+Exec.MachineID,            config_parse_id128,         0, offsetof(Settings, machine_id)
+Files.ReadOnly,            config_parse_tristate,      0, offsetof(Settings, read_only)
+Files.Volatile,            config_parse_volatile_mode, 0, offsetof(Settings, volatile_mode)
+Files.Bind,                config_parse_bind,          0, 0
+Files.BindReadOnly,        config_parse_bind,          1, 0
+Files.TemporaryFileSystem, config_parse_tmpfs,         0, 0
+Network.Private,           config_parse_tristate,      0, offsetof(Settings, private_network)
+Network.Interface,         config_parse_strv,          0, offsetof(Settings, network_interfaces)
+Network.MACVLAN,           config_parse_strv,          0, offsetof(Settings, network_macvlan)
+Network.IPVLAN,            config_parse_strv,          0, offsetof(Settings, network_ipvlan)
+Network.VirtualEthernet,   config_parse_tristate,      0, offsetof(Settings, network_veth)
+Network.Bridge             config_parse_string,        0, offsetof(Settings, network_bridge)
+Network.Port,              config_parse_expose_port,   0, 0
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.c b/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a403a3068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.c
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2015 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "util.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "cap-list.h"
+
+#include "nspawn.h"
+#include "nspawn-settings.h"
+
+int settings_load(FILE *f, const char *path, Settings **ret) {
+        _cleanup_(settings_freep) Settings *s = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        s = new0(Settings, 1);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        s->boot = -1;
+        s->personality = PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+
+        s->read_only = -1;
+        s->volatile_mode = _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID;
+
+        s->private_network = -1;
+        s->network_veth = -1;
+
+        r = config_parse(NULL, path, f,
+                         "Exec\0"
+                         "Network\0"
+                         "Files\0",
+                         config_item_perf_lookup, nspawn_gperf_lookup,
+                         false,
+                         false,
+                         true,
+                         s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        s = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+Settings* settings_free(Settings *s) {
+
+        if (!s)
+                return NULL;
+
+        strv_free(s->parameters);
+        strv_free(s->environment);
+        free(s->user);
+
+        strv_free(s->network_interfaces);
+        strv_free(s->network_macvlan);
+        strv_free(s->network_ipvlan);
+        free(s->network_bridge);
+        expose_port_free_all(s->expose_ports);
+
+        custom_mount_free_all(s->custom_mounts, s->n_custom_mounts);
+        free(s);
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_volatile_mode, volatile_mode, VolatileMode, "Failed to parse volatile mode");
+
+int config_parse_expose_port(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Settings *s = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = expose_port_parse(&s->expose_ports, rvalue);
+        if (r == -EEXIST) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Duplicate port specification, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_capability(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        uint64_t u = 0, *result = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                int cap;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&rvalue, &word, NULL, 0);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to extract capability string, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                cap = capability_from_name(word);
+                if (cap < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, cap, "Failed to parse capability, ignoring: %s", word);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                u |= 1 << ((uint64_t) cap);
+        }
+
+        if (u == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        *result |= u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_id128(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        sd_id128_t t, *result = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = sd_id128_from_string(rvalue, &t);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse 128bit ID/UUID, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *result = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_bind(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Settings *settings = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = bind_mount_parse(&settings->custom_mounts, &settings->n_custom_mounts, rvalue, ltype);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Invalid bind mount specification %s: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_tmpfs(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        Settings *settings = data;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = tmpfs_mount_parse(&settings->custom_mounts, &settings->n_custom_mounts, rvalue);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Invalid temporary file system specification %s: %m", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (settings->network_bridge)
+                settings->network_veth = true;
+
+        if (settings->network_interfaces ||
+            settings->network_macvlan ||
+            settings->network_ipvlan ||
+            settings->network_bridge ||
+            settings->network_veth)
+                settings->private_network = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.h b/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d9b3b2f7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn-settings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2015 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "nspawn.h"
+
+typedef enum SettingsMask {
+        SETTING_BOOT          = 1 << 0,
+        SETTING_ENVIRONMENT   = 1 << 1,
+        SETTING_USER          = 1 << 2,
+        SETTING_CAPABILITY    = 1 << 3,
+        SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL   = 1 << 4,
+        SETTING_PERSONALITY   = 1 << 5,
+        SETTING_MACHINE_ID    = 1 << 6,
+        SETTING_NETWORK       = 1 << 7,
+        SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS  = 1 << 8,
+        SETTING_READ_ONLY     = 1 << 9,
+        SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE = 1 << 10,
+        SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS = 1 << 11,
+        _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL    = (1 << 12) -1
+} SettingsMask;
+
+typedef struct Settings {
+        /* [Run] */
+        int boot;
+        char **parameters;
+        char **environment;
+        char *user;
+        uint64_t capability;
+        uint64_t drop_capability;
+        int kill_signal;
+        unsigned long personality;
+        sd_id128_t machine_id;
+
+        /* [Image] */
+        int read_only;
+        VolatileMode volatile_mode;
+        CustomMount *custom_mounts;
+        unsigned n_custom_mounts;
+
+        /* [Network] */
+        int private_network;
+        int network_veth;
+        char *network_bridge;
+        char **network_interfaces;
+        char **network_macvlan;
+        char **network_ipvlan;
+        ExposePort *expose_ports;
+} Settings;
+
+int settings_load(FILE *f, const char *path, Settings **ret);
+Settings* settings_free(Settings *s);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Settings*, settings_free);
+
+const struct ConfigPerfItem* nspawn_gperf_lookup(const char *key, unsigned length);
+
+int config_parse_capability(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_id128(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_expose_port(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_volatile_mode(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_bind(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_tmpfs(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn.c b/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
index 1c64c3e771..a8afcd1466 100644
--- a/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn.c
@@ -102,12 +102,8 @@
 #include "seccomp-util.h"
 #endif
 
-typedef struct ExposePort {
-        int protocol;
-        uint16_t host_port;
-        uint16_t container_port;
-        LIST_FIELDS(struct ExposePort, ports);
-} ExposePort;
+#include "nspawn.h"
+#include "nspawn-settings.h"
 
 typedef enum ContainerStatus {
         CONTAINER_TERMINATED,
@@ -121,28 +117,6 @@ typedef enum LinkJournal {
         LINK_GUEST
 } LinkJournal;
 
-typedef enum Volatile {
-        VOLATILE_NO,
-        VOLATILE_YES,
-        VOLATILE_STATE,
-} Volatile;
-
-typedef enum CustomMountType {
-        CUSTOM_MOUNT_BIND,
-        CUSTOM_MOUNT_TMPFS,
-        CUSTOM_MOUNT_OVERLAY,
-} CustomMountType;
-
-typedef struct CustomMount {
-        CustomMountType type;
-        bool read_only;
-        char *source; /* for overlayfs this is the upper directory */
-        char *destination;
-        char *options;
-        char *work_dir;
-        char **lower;
-} CustomMount;
-
 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
 static char *arg_template = NULL;
 static char *arg_user = NULL;
@@ -195,16 +169,19 @@ static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
 static char **arg_network_macvlan = NULL;
 static char **arg_network_ipvlan = NULL;
 static bool arg_network_veth = false;
-static const char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
+static char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
 static unsigned long arg_personality = PERSONALITY_INVALID;
 static char *arg_image = NULL;
-static Volatile arg_volatile = VOLATILE_NO;
+static VolatileMode arg_volatile_mode = VOLATILE_NO;
 static ExposePort *arg_expose_ports = NULL;
 static char **arg_property = NULL;
 static uid_t arg_uid_shift = UID_INVALID, arg_uid_range = 0x10000U;
 static bool arg_userns = false;
 static int arg_kill_signal = 0;
 static bool arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy = false;
+static SettingsMask arg_settings_mask = 0;
+static int arg_settings_trusted = -1;
+static char **arg_parameters = NULL;
 
 static void help(void) {
         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
@@ -275,30 +252,36 @@ static void help(void) {
                "     --keep-unit            Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
                "                            the service unit nspawn is running in\n"
                "     --volatile[=MODE]      Run the system in volatile mode\n"
+               "     --settings=BOOLEAN     Load additional settings from .nspawn file\n"
                , program_invocation_short_name);
 }
 
-static CustomMount* custom_mount_add(CustomMountType t) {
+static CustomMount* custom_mount_add(CustomMount **l, unsigned *n, CustomMountType t) {
         CustomMount *c, *ret;
 
-        c = realloc(arg_custom_mounts, (arg_n_custom_mounts + 1) * sizeof(CustomMount));
+        assert(l);
+        assert(n);
+        assert(t >= 0);
+        assert(t < _CUSTOM_MOUNT_TYPE_MAX);
+
+        c = realloc(*l, (*n + 1) * sizeof(CustomMount));
         if (!c)
                 return NULL;
 
-        arg_custom_mounts = c;
-        ret = arg_custom_mounts + arg_n_custom_mounts;
-        arg_n_custom_mounts++;
+        *l = c;
+        ret = *l + *n;
+        (*n)++;
 
         *ret = (CustomMount) { .type = t };
 
         return ret;
 }
 
-static void custom_mount_free_all(void) {
+void custom_mount_free_all(CustomMount *l, unsigned n) {
         unsigned i;
 
-        for (i = 0; i < arg_n_custom_mounts; i++) {
-                CustomMount *m = &arg_custom_mounts[i];
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                CustomMount *m = l + i;
 
                 free(m->source);
                 free(m->destination);
@@ -312,8 +295,7 @@ static void custom_mount_free_all(void) {
                 strv_free(m->lower);
         }
 
-        arg_custom_mounts = mfree(arg_custom_mounts);
-        arg_n_custom_mounts = 0;
+        free(l);
 }
 
 static int custom_mount_compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
@@ -410,6 +392,161 @@ static int detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+VolatileMode volatile_mode_from_string(const char *s) {
+        int b;
+
+        if (isempty(s))
+                return _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID;
+
+        b = parse_boolean(s);
+        if (b > 0)
+                return VOLATILE_YES;
+        if (b == 0)
+                return VOLATILE_NO;
+
+        if (streq(s, "state"))
+                return VOLATILE_STATE;
+
+        return _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID;
+}
+
+int expose_port_parse(ExposePort **l, const char *s) {
+
+        const char *split, *e;
+        uint16_t container_port, host_port;
+        int protocol;
+        ExposePort *p;
+        int r;
+
+        if ((e = startswith(s, "tcp:")))
+                protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+        else if ((e = startswith(s, "udp:")))
+                protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
+        else {
+                e = s;
+                protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+        }
+
+        split = strchr(e, ':');
+        if (split) {
+                char v[split - e + 1];
+
+                memcpy(v, e, split - e);
+                v[split - e] = 0;
+
+                r = safe_atou16(v, &host_port);
+                if (r < 0 || host_port <= 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                r = safe_atou16(split + 1, &container_port);
+        } else {
+                r = safe_atou16(e, &container_port);
+                host_port = container_port;
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0 || container_port <= 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(ports, p, arg_expose_ports)
+                if (p->protocol == protocol && p->host_port == host_port)
+                        return -EEXIST;
+
+        p = new(ExposePort, 1);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        p->protocol = protocol;
+        p->host_port = host_port;
+        p->container_port = container_port;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(ports, *l, p);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bind_mount_parse(CustomMount **l, unsigned *n, const char *s, bool read_only) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *source = NULL, *destination = NULL, *opts = NULL;
+        const char *p = s;
+        CustomMount *m;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(l);
+        assert(n);
+
+        r = extract_many_words(&p, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS, &source, &destination, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (r == 1) {
+                destination = strdup(source);
+                if (!destination)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (r == 2 && !isempty(p)) {
+                opts = strdup(p);
+                if (!opts)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(source))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(destination))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        m = custom_mount_add(l, n, CUSTOM_MOUNT_BIND);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m->source = source;
+        m->destination = destination;
+        m->read_only = read_only;
+        m->options = opts;
+
+        source = destination = opts = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int tmpfs_mount_parse(CustomMount **l, unsigned *n, const char *s) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *opts = NULL;
+        const char *p = s;
+        CustomMount *m;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(l);
+        assert(n);
+        assert(s);
+
+        r = extract_first_word(&p, &path, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                opts = strdup("mode=0755");
+        else
+                opts = strdup(p);
+        if (!opts)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(path))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        m = custom_mount_add(l, n, CUSTOM_MOUNT_TMPFS);
+        if (!m)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        m->destination = path;
+        m->options = opts;
+
+        path = opts = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         enum {
@@ -439,6 +576,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_PROPERTY,
                 ARG_PRIVATE_USERS,
                 ARG_KILL_SIGNAL,
+                ARG_SETTINGS,
         };
 
         static const struct option options[] = {
@@ -481,11 +619,13 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "property",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_PROPERTY          },
                 { "private-users",         optional_argument, NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_USERS     },
                 { "kill-signal",           required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_SIGNAL       },
+                { "settings",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETTINGS          },
                 {}
         };
 
         int c, r;
         uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
+        bool mask_all_settings = false, mask_no_settings = false;
 
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
@@ -533,16 +673,20 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         if (r < 0)
                                 return log_oom();
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_USER;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
-                        arg_network_bridge = optarg;
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_network_bridge, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
 
                         /* fall through */
 
                 case 'n':
                         arg_network_veth = true;
                         arg_private_network = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_NETWORK;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
@@ -550,6 +694,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 return log_oom();
 
                         arg_private_network = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_NETWORK;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NETWORK_MACVLAN:
@@ -557,6 +702,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 return log_oom();
 
                         arg_private_network = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_NETWORK;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NETWORK_IPVLAN:
@@ -567,10 +713,12 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
                         arg_private_network = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_NETWORK;
                         break;
 
                 case 'b':
                         arg_boot = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_BOOT;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_UUID:
@@ -579,6 +727,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
                                 return r;
                         }
+
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_MACHINE_ID;
                         break;
 
                 case 'S':
@@ -611,6 +761,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_READ_ONLY:
                         arg_read_only = true;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_READ_ONLY;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_CAPABILITY:
@@ -646,6 +797,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 }
                         }
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_CAPABILITY;
                         break;
                 }
 
@@ -681,83 +833,21 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_BIND:
-                case ARG_BIND_RO: {
-                        const char *current = optarg;
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *source = NULL, *destination = NULL, *opts = NULL;
-                        CustomMount *m;
-
-                        r = extract_many_words(&current, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS, &source, &destination, &opts, NULL);
-                        switch (r) {
-                        case 1:
-                                destination = strdup(source);
-                        case 2:
-                        case 3:
-                                break;
-                        case -ENOMEM:
-                                return log_oom();
-                        default:
-                                log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!source || !destination)
-                                return log_oom();
-
-                        if (!path_is_absolute(source) || !path_is_absolute(destination)) {
-                                log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        m = custom_mount_add(CUSTOM_MOUNT_BIND);
-                        if (!m)
-                                return log_oom();
-
-                        m->source = source;
-                        m->destination = destination;
-                        m->read_only = c == ARG_BIND_RO;
-                        m->options = opts;
-
-                        source = destination = opts = NULL;
+                case ARG_BIND_RO:
+                        r = bind_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts, &arg_n_custom_mounts, optarg, c == ARG_BIND_RO);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --bind(-ro)= argument %s: %m", optarg);
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS;
                         break;
-                }
-
-                case ARG_TMPFS: {
-                        const char *current = optarg;
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *opts = NULL;
-                        CustomMount *m;
-
-                        r = extract_first_word(&current, &path, ":", EXTRACT_DONT_COALESCE_SEPARATORS);
-                        if (r == -ENOMEM)
-                                return log_oom();
-                        else if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Invalid tmpfs specification: %s", optarg);
-                                return r;
-                        }
-                        if (r)
-                                opts = strdup(current);
-                        else
-                                opts = strdup("mode=0755");
-
-                        if (!path || !opts)
-                                return log_oom();
-
-                        if (!path_is_absolute(path)) {
-                                log_error("Invalid tmpfs specification: %s", optarg);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        m = custom_mount_add(CUSTOM_MOUNT_TMPFS);
-                        if (!m)
-                                return log_oom();
-
-                        m->destination = path;
-                        m->options = opts;
 
-                        path = opts = NULL;
+                case ARG_TMPFS:
+                        r = tmpfs_mount_parse(&arg_custom_mounts, &arg_n_custom_mounts, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --tmpfs= argument %s: %m", optarg);
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS;
                         break;
-                }
 
                 case ARG_OVERLAY:
                 case ARG_OVERLAY_RO: {
@@ -808,7 +898,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 lower[n - 2] = NULL;
                         }
 
-                        m = custom_mount_add(CUSTOM_MOUNT_OVERLAY);
+                        m = custom_mount_add(&arg_custom_mounts, &arg_n_custom_mounts, CUSTOM_MOUNT_OVERLAY);
                         if (!m)
                                 return log_oom();
 
@@ -820,6 +910,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         upper = destination = NULL;
                         lower = NULL;
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS;
                         break;
                 }
 
@@ -837,6 +928,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         strv_free(arg_setenv);
                         arg_setenv = n;
+
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_ENVIRONMENT;
                         break;
                 }
 
@@ -870,85 +963,36 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_PERSONALITY;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_VOLATILE:
 
                         if (!optarg)
-                                arg_volatile = VOLATILE_YES;
+                                arg_volatile_mode = VOLATILE_YES;
                         else {
-                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
-                                if (r < 0) {
-                                        if (streq(optarg, "state"))
-                                                arg_volatile = VOLATILE_STATE;
-                                        else {
-                                                log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg);
-                                                return r;
-                                        }
-                                } else
-                                        arg_volatile = r ? VOLATILE_YES : VOLATILE_NO;
-                        }
+                                VolatileMode m;
 
-                        break;
-
-                case 'p': {
-                        const char *split, *e;
-                        uint16_t container_port, host_port;
-                        int protocol;
-                        ExposePort *p;
-
-                        if ((e = startswith(optarg, "tcp:")))
-                                protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
-                        else if ((e = startswith(optarg, "udp:")))
-                                protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
-                        else {
-                                e = optarg;
-                                protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
-                        }
-
-                        split = strchr(e, ':');
-                        if (split) {
-                                char v[split - e + 1];
-
-                                memcpy(v, e, split - e);
-                                v[split - e] = 0;
-
-                                r = safe_atou16(v, &host_port);
-                                if (r < 0 || host_port <= 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to parse host port: %s", optarg);
-                                        return -EINVAL;
-                                }
-
-                                r = safe_atou16(split + 1, &container_port);
-                        } else {
-                                r = safe_atou16(e, &container_port);
-                                host_port = container_port;
-                        }
-
-                        if (r < 0 || container_port <= 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse host port: %s", optarg);
-                                return -EINVAL;
-                        }
-
-                        LIST_FOREACH(ports, p, arg_expose_ports) {
-                                if (p->protocol == protocol && p->host_port == host_port) {
-                                        log_error("Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg);
+                                m = volatile_mode_from_string(optarg);
+                                if (m < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse --volatile= argument: %s", optarg);
                                         return -EINVAL;
-                                }
+                                } else
+                                        arg_volatile_mode = m;
                         }
 
-                        p = new(ExposePort, 1);
-                        if (!p)
-                                return log_oom();
-
-                        p->protocol = protocol;
-                        p->host_port = host_port;
-                        p->container_port = container_port;
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE;
+                        break;
 
-                        LIST_PREPEND(ports, arg_expose_ports, p);
+                case 'p':
+                        r = expose_port_parse(&arg_expose_ports, optarg);
+                        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Duplicate port specification: %s", optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse host port %s: %m", optarg);
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS;
                         break;
-                }
 
                 case ARG_PROPERTY:
                         if (strv_extend(&arg_property, optarg) < 0)
@@ -992,6 +1036,42 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
 
+                        arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SETTINGS:
+
+                        /* no               → do not read files
+                         * yes              → read files, do not override cmdline, trust only subset
+                         * override         → read files, override cmdline, trust only subset
+                         * trusted          → read files, do not override cmdline, trust all
+                         */
+
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                if (streq(optarg, "trusted")) {
+                                        mask_all_settings = false;
+                                        mask_no_settings = false;
+                                        arg_settings_trusted = true;
+
+                                } else if (streq(optarg, "override")) {
+                                        mask_all_settings = false;
+                                        mask_no_settings = true;
+                                        arg_settings_trusted = -1;
+                                } else
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse --settings= argument: %s", optarg);
+                        } else if (r > 0) {
+                                /* yes */
+                                mask_all_settings = false;
+                                mask_no_settings = false;
+                                arg_settings_trusted = -1;
+                        } else {
+                                /* no */
+                                mask_all_settings = true;
+                                mask_no_settings = false;
+                                arg_settings_trusted = false;
+                        }
+
                         break;
 
                 case '?':
@@ -1044,7 +1124,37 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_NO && arg_read_only) {
+        if (arg_userns && access("/proc/self/uid_map", F_OK) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(EOPNOTSUPP, "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
+
+        if (argc > optind) {
+                arg_parameters = strv_copy(argv + optind);
+                if (!arg_parameters)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                arg_settings_mask |= SETTING_BOOT;
+        }
+
+        /* Load all settings from .nspawn files */
+        if (mask_no_settings)
+                arg_settings_mask = 0;
+
+        /* Don't load any settings from .nspawn files */
+        if (mask_all_settings)
+                arg_settings_mask = _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL;
+
+        arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
+
+        r = detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int verify_arguments(void) {
+
+        if (arg_volatile_mode != VOLATILE_NO && arg_read_only) {
                 log_error("Cannot combine --read-only with --volatile. Note that --volatile already implies a read-only base hierarchy.");
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
@@ -1054,19 +1164,10 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        if (arg_userns && access("/proc/self/uid_map", F_OK) < 0)
-                return log_error_errno(EOPNOTSUPP, "--private-users= is not supported, kernel compiled without user namespace support.");
-
-        arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
-
         if (arg_boot && arg_kill_signal <= 0)
                 arg_kill_signal = SIGRTMIN+3;
 
-        r = detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy();
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        return 1;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int tmpfs_patch_options(const char *options, char **ret) {
@@ -1743,7 +1844,7 @@ static int setup_volatile_state(const char *directory) {
 
         assert(directory);
 
-        if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_STATE)
+        if (arg_volatile_mode != VOLATILE_STATE)
                 return 0;
 
         /* --volatile=state means we simply overmount /var
@@ -1780,7 +1881,7 @@ static int setup_volatile(const char *directory) {
 
         assert(directory);
 
-        if (arg_volatile != VOLATILE_YES)
+        if (arg_volatile_mode != VOLATILE_YES)
                 return 0;
 
         /* --volatile=yes means we mount a tmpfs to the root dir, and
@@ -2208,6 +2309,15 @@ static int expose_ports(sd_netlink *rtnl, union in_addr_union *exposed) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+void expose_port_free_all(ExposePort *p) {
+
+        while (p) {
+                ExposePort *q = p;
+                LIST_REMOVE(ports, p, q);
+                free(q);
+        }
+}
+
 static int on_address_change(sd_netlink *rtnl, sd_netlink_message *m, void *userdata) {
         union in_addr_union *exposed = userdata;
 
@@ -4254,9 +4364,7 @@ static int inner_child(
                 bool secondary,
                 int kmsg_socket,
                 int rtnl_socket,
-                FDSet *fds,
-                int argc,
-                char *argv[]) {
+                FDSet *fds) {
 
         _cleanup_free_ char *home = NULL;
         unsigned n_env = 2;
@@ -4412,9 +4520,12 @@ static int inner_child(
 
                 /* Automatically search for the init system */
 
-                m = 1 + argc - optind;
+                m = 1 + strv_length(arg_parameters);
                 a = newa(char*, m + 1);
-                memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, m * sizeof(char*));
+                if (strv_isempty(arg_parameters))
+                        a[1] = NULL;
+                else
+                        memcpy(a + 1, arg_parameters, m * sizeof(char*));
 
                 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
                 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
@@ -4424,10 +4535,10 @@ static int inner_child(
 
                 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
                 execve(a[0], a, env_use);
-        } else if (argc > optind)
-                execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
+        } else if (!strv_isempty(arg_parameters))
+                execvpe(arg_parameters[0], arg_parameters, env_use);
         else {
-                chdir(home ? home : "/root");
+                chdir(home ?: "/root");
                 execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
                 execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
         }
@@ -4449,9 +4560,7 @@ static int outer_child(
                 int kmsg_socket,
                 int rtnl_socket,
                 int uid_shift_socket,
-                FDSet *fds,
-                int argc,
-                char *argv[]) {
+                FDSet *fds) {
 
         pid_t pid;
         ssize_t l;
@@ -4604,7 +4713,7 @@ static int outer_child(
                  * requested, so that we all are owned by the user if
                  * user namespaces are turned on. */
 
-                r = inner_child(barrier, directory, secondary, kmsg_socket, rtnl_socket, fds, argc, argv);
+                r = inner_child(barrier, directory, secondary, kmsg_socket, rtnl_socket, fds);
                 if (r < 0)
                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -4780,6 +4889,202 @@ static int create_subcgroup(pid_t pid) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int load_settings(void) {
+        _cleanup_(settings_freep) Settings *settings = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        const char *fn, *i;
+        int r;
+
+        /* If all settings are masked, there's no point in looking for
+         * the settings file */
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL) == _SETTINGS_MASK_ALL)
+                return 0;
+
+        fn = strjoina(arg_machine, ".nspawn");
+
+        /* We first look in the admin's directories in /etc and /run */
+        FOREACH_STRING(i, "/etc/systemd/nspawn", "/run/systemd/nspawn") {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *j = NULL;
+
+                j = strjoin(i, "/", fn, NULL);
+                if (!j)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                f = fopen(j, "re");
+                if (f) {
+                        p = j;
+                        j = NULL;
+
+                        /* By default we trust configuration from /etc and /run */
+                        if (arg_settings_trusted < 0)
+                                arg_settings_trusted = true;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", j);
+        }
+
+        if (!f) {
+                /* After that, let's look for a file next to the
+                 * actual image we shall boot. */
+
+                if (arg_image) {
+                        p = file_in_same_dir(arg_image, fn);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
+                } else if (arg_directory) {
+                        p = file_in_same_dir(arg_directory, fn);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                if (p) {
+                        f = fopen(p, "re");
+                        if (!f && errno != ENOENT)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", p);
+
+                        /* By default we do not trust configuration from /var/lib/machines */
+                        if (arg_settings_trusted < 0)
+                                arg_settings_trusted = false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!f)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_debug("Settings are trusted: %s", yes_no(arg_settings_trusted));
+
+        r = settings_load(f, p, &settings);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Copy over bits from the settings, unless they have been
+         * explicitly masked by command line switches. */
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_BOOT) == 0 &&
+            settings->boot >= 0) {
+                arg_boot = settings->boot;
+
+                strv_free(arg_parameters);
+                arg_parameters = settings->parameters;
+                settings->parameters = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_ENVIRONMENT) == 0 &&
+            settings->environment) {
+                strv_free(arg_setenv);
+                arg_setenv = settings->environment;
+                settings->environment = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_USER) == 0 &&
+            settings->user) {
+                free(arg_user);
+                arg_user = settings->user;
+                settings->user = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_CAPABILITY) == 0) {
+
+                if (!arg_settings_trusted && settings->capability != 0)
+                        log_warning("Ignoring Capability= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p);
+                else
+                        arg_retain |= settings->capability;
+
+                arg_retain &= ~settings->drop_capability;
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_KILL_SIGNAL) == 0 &&
+            settings->kill_signal > 0)
+                arg_kill_signal = settings->kill_signal;
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_PERSONALITY) == 0 &&
+            settings->personality != PERSONALITY_INVALID)
+                arg_personality = settings->personality;
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_MACHINE_ID) == 0 &&
+            !sd_id128_is_null(settings->machine_id)) {
+
+                if (!arg_settings_trusted)
+                        log_warning("Ignoring MachineID= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p);
+                else
+                        arg_uuid = settings->machine_id;
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_READ_ONLY) == 0 &&
+            settings->read_only >= 0)
+                arg_read_only = settings->read_only;
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_VOLATILE_MODE) == 0 &&
+            settings->volatile_mode != _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID)
+                arg_volatile_mode = settings->volatile_mode;
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_CUSTOM_MOUNTS) == 0 &&
+            settings->n_custom_mounts > 0) {
+
+                if (!arg_settings_trusted)
+                        log_warning("Ignoring TemporaryFileSystem=, Bind= and BindReadOnly= settings, file %s is not trusted.", p);
+                else {
+                        custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts, arg_n_custom_mounts);
+                        arg_custom_mounts = settings->custom_mounts;
+                        arg_n_custom_mounts = settings->n_custom_mounts;
+
+                        settings->custom_mounts = NULL;
+                        settings->n_custom_mounts = 0;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_NETWORK) == 0 &&
+            (settings->private_network >= 0 ||
+             settings->network_veth >= 0 ||
+             settings->network_bridge ||
+             settings->network_interfaces ||
+             settings->network_macvlan ||
+             settings->network_ipvlan)) {
+
+                if (!arg_settings_trusted)
+                        log_warning("Ignoring network settings, file %s is not trusted.", p);
+                else {
+                        strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
+                        arg_network_interfaces = settings->network_interfaces;
+                        settings->network_interfaces = NULL;
+
+                        strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
+                        arg_network_macvlan = settings->network_macvlan;
+                        settings->network_macvlan = NULL;
+
+                        strv_free(arg_network_ipvlan);
+                        arg_network_ipvlan = settings->network_ipvlan;
+                        settings->network_ipvlan = NULL;
+
+                        free(arg_network_bridge);
+                        arg_network_bridge = settings->network_bridge;
+                        settings->network_bridge = NULL;
+
+                        arg_network_veth = settings->network_veth > 0 || settings->network_bridge;
+
+                        arg_private_network = true; /* all these settings imply private networking */
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ((arg_settings_mask & SETTING_EXPOSE_PORTS) == 0 &&
+            settings->expose_ports) {
+
+                if (!arg_settings_trusted)
+                        log_warning("Ignoring Port= setting, file %s is not trusted.", p);
+                else {
+                        expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports);
+                        arg_expose_ports = settings->expose_ports;
+                        settings->expose_ports = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         _cleanup_free_ char *device_path = NULL, *root_device = NULL, *home_device = NULL, *srv_device = NULL, *console = NULL;
@@ -4803,15 +5108,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         if (r <= 0)
                 goto finish;
 
-        r = determine_names();
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto finish;
-
         if (geteuid() != 0) {
                 log_error("Need to be root.");
                 r = -EPERM;
                 goto finish;
         }
+        r = determine_names();
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = load_settings();
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = verify_arguments();
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto finish;
 
         n_fd_passed = sd_listen_fds(false);
         if (n_fd_passed > 0) {
@@ -5092,8 +5404,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                         kmsg_socket_pair[1],
                                         rtnl_socket_pair[1],
                                         uid_shift_socket_pair[1],
-                                        fds,
-                                        argc, argv);
+                                        fds);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
@@ -5342,24 +5653,21 @@ finish:
                 (void) rm_rf(p, REMOVE_ROOT);
         }
 
+        flush_ports(&exposed);
+
         free(arg_directory);
         free(arg_template);
         free(arg_image);
         free(arg_machine);
         free(arg_user);
         strv_free(arg_setenv);
+        free(arg_network_bridge);
         strv_free(arg_network_interfaces);
         strv_free(arg_network_macvlan);
         strv_free(arg_network_ipvlan);
-        custom_mount_free_all();
-
-        flush_ports(&exposed);
-
-        while (arg_expose_ports) {
-                ExposePort *p = arg_expose_ports;
-                LIST_REMOVE(ports, arg_expose_ports, p);
-                free(p);
-        }
+        strv_free(arg_parameters);
+        custom_mount_free_all(arg_custom_mounts, arg_n_custom_mounts);
+        expose_port_free_all(arg_expose_ports);
 
         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : ret;
 }
diff --git a/src/nspawn/nspawn.h b/src/nspawn/nspawn.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2124b434fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/nspawn/nspawn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2015 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "list.h"
+
+typedef enum VolatileMode {
+        VOLATILE_NO,
+        VOLATILE_YES,
+        VOLATILE_STATE,
+        _VOLATILE_MODE_MAX,
+        _VOLATILE_MODE_INVALID = -1
+} VolatileMode;
+
+typedef enum CustomMountType {
+        CUSTOM_MOUNT_BIND,
+        CUSTOM_MOUNT_TMPFS,
+        CUSTOM_MOUNT_OVERLAY,
+        _CUSTOM_MOUNT_TYPE_MAX,
+        _CUSTOM_MOUNT_TYPE_INVALID = -1
+} CustomMountType;
+
+typedef struct CustomMount {
+        CustomMountType type;
+        bool read_only;
+        char *source; /* for overlayfs this is the upper directory */
+        char *destination;
+        char *options;
+        char *work_dir;
+        char **lower;
+} CustomMount;
+
+typedef struct ExposePort {
+        int protocol;
+        uint16_t host_port;
+        uint16_t container_port;
+        LIST_FIELDS(struct ExposePort, ports);
+} ExposePort;
+
+void custom_mount_free_all(CustomMount *l, unsigned n);
+int bind_mount_parse(CustomMount **l, unsigned *n, const char *s, bool read_only);
+int tmpfs_mount_parse(CustomMount **l, unsigned *n, const char *s);
+
+void expose_port_free_all(ExposePort *p);
+int expose_port_parse(ExposePort **l, const char *s);
+
+VolatileMode volatile_mode_from_string(const char *s);
diff --git a/src/shared/conf-parser.c b/src/shared/conf-parser.c
index 1f4aea6d6b..36150d8744 100644
--- a/src/shared/conf-parser.c
+++ b/src/shared/conf-parser.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "sd-messages.h"
 #include "conf-files.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
 #include "log.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
-#include "sd-messages.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
 
 int config_item_table_lookup(
                 const void *table,
@@ -575,6 +576,39 @@ int config_parse_bool(const char* unit,
         return 0;
 }
 
+int config_parse_tristate(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int k, *t = data;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        /* A tristate is pretty much a boolean, except that it can
+         * also take the special value -1, indicating "uninitialized",
+         * much like NULL is for a pointer type. */
+
+        k = parse_boolean(rvalue);
+        if (k < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, k, "Failed to parse boolean value, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *t = !!k;
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int config_parse_string(
                 const char *unit,
                 const char *filename,
@@ -802,3 +836,61 @@ int config_parse_log_level(
         *o = (*o & LOG_FACMASK) | x;
         return 0;
 }
+
+int config_parse_signal(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int *sig = data, r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(sig);
+
+        r = signal_from_string_try_harder(rvalue);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL, "Failed to parse signal name, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *sig = r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int config_parse_personality(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        unsigned long *personality = data, p;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(personality);
+
+        p = personality_from_string(rvalue);
+        if (p == PERSONALITY_INVALID) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL, "Failed to parse personality, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        *personality = p;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/shared/conf-parser.h b/src/shared/conf-parser.h
index 66c80890d3..34e3815782 100644
--- a/src/shared/conf-parser.h
+++ b/src/shared/conf-parser.h
@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ int config_parse_iec_size(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line,
 int config_parse_si_size(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_iec_off(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_bool(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_tristate(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_string(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_path(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_strv(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
@@ -119,6 +120,8 @@ int config_parse_nsec(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, con
 int config_parse_mode(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_log_facility(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 int config_parse_log_level(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_signal(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
+int config_parse_personality(const char *unit, const char *filename, unsigned line, const char *section, unsigned section_line, const char *lvalue, int ltype, const char *rvalue, void *data, void *userdata);
 
 #define log_invalid_utf8(unit, level, config_file, config_line, error, rvalue) \
         do {                                                            \
diff --git a/src/shared/machine-image.c b/src/shared/machine-image.c
index 273dacff1f..70220bdd14 100644
--- a/src/shared/machine-image.c
+++ b/src/shared/machine-image.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
 static const char image_search_path[] =
         "/var/lib/machines\0"
-        "/var/lib/container\0"
+        "/var/lib/container\0" /* legacy */
         "/usr/local/lib/machines\0"
         "/usr/lib/machines\0";
 
diff --git a/units/systemd-nspawn@.service.in b/units/systemd-nspawn@.service.in
index 074b916d38..6b86e0a7f7 100644
--- a/units/systemd-nspawn@.service.in
+++ b/units/systemd-nspawn@.service.in
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Before=machines.target
 After=network.target
 
 [Service]
-ExecStart=@bindir@/systemd-nspawn --quiet --keep-unit --boot --link-journal=try-guest --network-veth --machine=%I
+ExecStart=@bindir@/systemd-nspawn --quiet --keep-unit --boot --link-journal=try-guest --network-veth --settings=override --machine=%I
 KillMode=mixed
 Type=notify
 RestartForceExitStatus=133