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authorAnthony G. Basile <blueness@gentoo.org>2012-11-15 10:33:16 -0500
committerAnthony G. Basile <blueness@gentoo.org>2012-11-15 10:33:16 -0500
commit7d4a62f8c1404ed426500b97af03d4ef8d034a71 (patch)
tree2436cd4f0460a3a3d589875d4ffba55556f3c582 /man/systemctl.xml
parent2944f347d087ff24ec808e4b70fe104a772a97a0 (diff)
Isolation of udev code from remaining systemd
This commit is a first attempt to isolate the udev code from the remaining code base. It intentionally does not modify any files but purely delete files which, on a first examination, appear to not be needed. This is a sweeping commit which may easily have missed needed code. Files can be retrieved by doing a checkout from the previous commit: git checkout 2944f347d0 -- <filename>
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diff --git a/man/systemctl.xml b/man/systemctl.xml
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-<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
-<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
- "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
-
-<!--
- This file is part of systemd.
-
- Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
-
- systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
--->
-
-<refentry id="systemctl">
-
- <refentryinfo>
- <title>systemctl</title>
- <productname>systemd</productname>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <contrib>Developer</contrib>
- <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
- <surname>Poettering</surname>
- <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
- </refentryinfo>
-
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
- </refmeta>
-
- <refnamediv>
- <refname>systemctl</refname>
- <refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
- </refnamediv>
-
- <refsynopsisdiv>
- <cmdsynopsis>
- <command>systemctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="req">COMMAND</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">NAME</arg></command>
- </cmdsynopsis>
- </refsynopsisdiv>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
-
- <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
- introspect and control the state of the
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- system and service manager.</para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Options</title>
-
- <para>The following options are understood:</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--help</option></term>
- <term><option>-h</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Prints a short help
- text and exits.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--version</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Prints a short version
- string and exits.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--type=</option></term>
- <term><option>-t</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>The argument should
- be a unit type name such as
- <option>service</option> and
- <option>socket</option>,
- or a unit load state such as
- <option>loaded</option> and
- <option>masked</option>.
- </para>
-
- <para>If the argument is a unit type,
- when listing units, limit display to
- certain unit types. If not specified
- units of all types will be shown.</para>
-
- <para>If the argument is a unit load state,
- when listing units, limit display to
- certain unit types. If not specified
- units of in all load states will be
- shown.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--property=</option></term>
- <term><option>-p</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When showing
- unit/job/manager properties, limit
- display to certain properties as
- specified as argument. If not
- specified all set properties are
- shown. The argument should be a
- property name, such as
- <literal>MainPID</literal>. If
- specified more than once all
- properties with the specified names
- are shown.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--all</option></term>
- <term><option>-a</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When listing units,
- show all units, regardless of their
- state, including inactive units. When
- showing unit/job/manager properties,
- show all properties regardless whether
- they are set or not.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--failed</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When listing units,
- show only failed units. Do not confuse
- with
- <option>--fail</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--full</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Do not ellipsize unit
- names and truncate unit descriptions
- in the output of
- <command>list-units</command> and
- <command>list-jobs</command>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--fail</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>If the requested
- operation conflicts with a pending
- unfinished job, fail the command. If
- this is not specified the requested
- operation will replace the pending job,
- if necessary. Do not confuse
- with
- <option>--failed</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--ignore-dependencies</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When enqueuing a new
- job ignore all its dependencies and
- execute it immediately. If passed no
- required units of the unit passed will
- be pulled in, and no ordering
- dependencies will be honored. This is
- mostly a debugging and rescue tool for
- the administrator and should not be
- used by
- applications.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
- <term><option>-q</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Suppress output to
- STDOUT in
- <command>snapshot</command>,
- <command>is-active</command>,
- <command>enable</command> and
- <command>disable</command>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Do not synchronously wait for
- the requested operation to finish. If this is
- not specified the job will be verified,
- enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
- wait until it is completed. By passing this
- argument it is only verified and
- enqueued.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-legend</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Do not print a legend, i.e.
- the column headers and the footer with hints.
- </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
- pager.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--system</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
- system manager. (Default)</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--user</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Talk to the systemd
- manager of the calling user.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--order</option></term>
- <term><option>--require</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used in
- conjunction with the
- <command>dot</command> command (see
- below), selects which dependencies are
- shown in the dependency graph. If
- <option>--order</option> is passed
- only dependencies of type
- <varname>After=</varname> or
- <varname>Before=</varname> are
- shown. If <option>--require</option>
- is passed only dependencies of type
- <varname>Requires=</varname>,
- <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
- <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
- <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
- <varname>Wants=</varname> and
- <varname>Conflicts=</varname> are
- shown. If neither is passed, shows
- dependencies of all these
- types.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Don't send wall
- message before
- halt, power-off, reboot.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--global</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>enable</command> and
- <command>disable</command>, operate on the
- global user configuration
- directory, thus enabling or disabling
- a unit file globally for all future
- logins of all users.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>enable</command> and
- <command>disable</command>, do not
- implicitly reload daemon configuration
- after executing the
- changes.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>start</command> and related
- commands, disables asking for
- passwords. Background services may
- require input of a password or
- passphrase string, for example to
- unlock system hard disks or
- cryptographic certificates. Unless
- this option is specified and the
- command is invoked from a terminal
- <command>systemctl</command> will
- query the user on the terminal for the
- necessary secrets. Use this option to
- switch this behavior off. In this case
- the password must be supplied by some
- other means (for example graphical
- password agents) or the service might
- fail. This also disables querying the
- user for authentication for privileged
- operations.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>kill</command>, choose which
- processes to kill. Must be one of
- <option>main</option>,
- <option>control</option> or
- <option>all</option> to select whether
- to kill only the main process of the
- unit, the control process or all
- processes of the unit. If omitted
- defaults to
- <option>all</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--signal=</option></term>
- <term><option>-s</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>kill</command>, choose which
- signal to send to selected
- processes. Must be one of the well
- known signal specifiers such as
- SIGTERM, SIGINT or SIGSTOP. If
- omitted defaults to
- <option>SIGTERM</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--force</option></term>
- <term><option>-f</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>enable</command>, overwrite any
- existing conflicting
- symlinks.</para></listitem>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>halt</command>,
- <command>poweroff</command>,
- <command>reboot</command> or
- <command>kexec</command> execute the
- selected operation without shutting
- down all units. However, all processes
- will be killed forcibly and all file
- systems are unmounted or remounted
- read-only. This is hence a drastic but
- relatively safe option to request an
- immediate reboot. If
- <option>--force</option> is specified
- twice for these operations, they will
- be executed immediately without
- terminating any processes or umounting
- any file systems. Warning: specifying
- <option>--force</option> twice with
- any of these operations might result
- in data loss.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--root=</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command> (and
- related commands), use alternative
- root path when looking for unit
- files.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--runtime</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command> (and related commands), make
- changes only temporarily, so that they
- are dropped on the next reboot. This
- will have the effect that changes are
- not made in subdirectories of
- <filename>/etc</filename> but in
- <filename>/run</filename>, with
- identical immediate effects, however,
- since the latter is lost on reboot,
- the changes are lost
- too.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-H</option></term>
- <term><option>--host</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Execute operation
- remotely. Specify a hostname, or
- username and hostname separated by @,
- to connect to. This will use SSH to
- talk to the remote systemd
- instance.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-P</option></term>
- <term><option>--privileged</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Acquire privileges via
- PolicyKit before executing the
- operation.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--lines=</option></term>
- <term><option>-n</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>status</command> controls the
- number of journal lines to show,
- counting from the most recent
- ones. Takes a positive integer
- argument. Defaults to
- 10.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--output=</option></term>
- <term><option>-o</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>When used with
- <command>status</command> controls the
- formatting of the journal entries that
- are shown. For the available choices
- see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Defaults
- to
- <literal>short</literal>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-units</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>List known units.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>start [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Start (activate) one
- or more units specified on the command
- line.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>stop [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Stop (deactivate) one
- or more units specified on the command
- line.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Asks all units listed
- on the command line to reload their
- configuration. Note that this will
- reload the service-specific
- configuration, not the unit
- configuration file of systemd. If you
- want systemd to reload the
- configuration file of a unit use the
- <command>daemon-reload</command>
- command. In other words: for the
- example case of Apache, this will
- reload Apache's
- <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the
- web server, not the
- <filename>apache.service</filename>
- systemd unit file. </para>
-
- <para>This command should not be
- confused with the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> or
- <command>load</command>
- commands.</para></listitem>
-
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>restart [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Restart one or more
- units specified on the command
- line. If the units are not running yet
- they will be
- started.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Restart one or more
- units specified on the command
- line if the units are running. Do
- nothing if units are not running.
- Note that for compatibility
- with Red Hat init scripts
- <command>condrestart</command> is
- equivalent to this command.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reload one or more
- units if they support it. If not,
- restart them instead. If the units
- are not running yet they will be
- started.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-try-restart [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reload one or more
- units if they support it. If not,
- restart them instead. Do nothing if
- the units are not running. Note that
- for compatibility with SysV init
- scripts
- <command>force-reload</command> is
- equivalent to this
- command.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>isolate [NAME]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Start the unit
- specified on the command line and its
- dependencies and stop all others.</para>
-
- <para>This is similar to changing the
- runlevel in a traditional init system. The
- <command>isolate</command> command will
- immediately stop processes that are not
- enabled in the new unit, possibly including
- the graphical environment or terminal you
- are currently using.</para>
-
- <para>Note that this works only on units
- where <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is
- enabled. See
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for details.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>kill [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Send a signal to one
- or more processes of the unit. Use
- <option>--kill-who=</option> to select
- which process to kill. Use
- <option>--kill-mode=</option> to
- select the kill mode and
- <option>--signal=</option> to select
- the signal to send.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-active [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Check whether any of
- the specified units are active
- (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
- 0 if at least one is active, non-zero
- otherwise. Unless
- <option>--quiet</option> is specified
- this will also print the current unit
- state to STDOUT.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>status [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Show terse runtime
- status information about one or more
- units, followed by its most recent log
- data from the journal. This function
- is intended to generate human-readable
- output. If you are looking for
- computer-parsable output, use
- <command>show</command> instead. If a
- PID is passed information about the
- unit the process of the PID belongs to
- is shown.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>show [NAME...|JOB...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Show properties of one
- or more units, jobs or the manager
- itself. If no argument is specified
- properties of the manager will be
- shown. If a unit name is specified
- properties of the unit is shown, and
- if a job id is specified properties of
- the job is shown. By default, empty
- properties are suppressed. Use
- <option>--all</option> to show those
- too. To select specific properties to
- show use
- <option>--property=</option>. This
- command is intended to be used
- whenever computer-parsable output is
- required. Use
- <command>status</command> if you are
- looking for formatted human-readable
- output.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>help [NAME...|PID...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Show manual pages for
- one or more units, if available. If a
- PID is passed the manual pages for the
- unit the process of the PID belongs to
- is shown.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reset-failed [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reset the
- '<literal>failed</literal>' state of the
- specified units, or if no unit name is
- passed of all units. When a unit fails
- in some way (i.e. process exiting with
- non-zero error code, terminating
- abnormally or timing out) it will
- automatically enter the
- '<literal>failed</literal>' state and
- its exit code and status is recorded
- for introspection by the administrator
- until the service is restarted or
- reset with this
- command.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-unit-files</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>List installed unit files.
- </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>enable [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Enable one or
- more unit files or unit file
- instances, as specified on the
- command line. This will create a
- number of symlinks as encoded in
- the <literal>[Install]</literal>
- sections of the unit files. After
- the symlinks have been created the
- systemd configuration is reloaded
- (in a way that is equivalent to
- <command>daemon-reload</command>)
- to ensure the changes are taken into
- account immediately. Note that this
- does not have the effect that any of
- the units enabled are also started at
- the same time. If this is desired
- a separate <command>start</command>
- command must be invoked for the unit.
- Also note that in case of instance
- enablement, symlinks named same as
- instances are created in install
- location, however they all point to
- the same template unit file.</para>
-
- <para>This command will
- print the actions executed. This
- output may be suppressed by passing
- <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
-
- <para>Note that this operation creates
- only the suggested symlinks for the
- units. While this command is the
- recommended way to manipulate the unit
- configuration directory, the
- administrator is free to make
- additional changes manually, by
- placing or removing symlinks in the
- directory. This is particularly useful
- to create configurations that deviate
- from the suggested default
- installation. In this case the
- administrator must make sure to invoke
- <command>daemon-reload</command>
- manually as necessary, to ensure his
- changes are taken into account.</para>
-
- <para>Enabling units should not be
- confused with starting (activating)
- units, as done by the
- <command>start</command>
- command. Enabling and starting units
- is orthogonal: units may be enabled
- without being started and started
- without being enabled. Enabling simply
- hooks the unit into various suggested
- places (for example, so that the unit
- is automatically started on boot or
- when a particular kind of hardware is
- plugged in). Starting actually spawns
- the daemon process (in case of service
- units), or binds the socket (in case
- of socket units), and so
- on.</para>
-
- <para>Depending on whether
- <option>--system</option>,
- <option>--user</option> or
- <option>--global</option> is specified
- this enables the unit for the system,
- for the calling user only
- or for all future logins of all
- users. Note that in the latter case no
- systemd daemon configuration is
- reloaded.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>disable [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Disables one or more
- units. This removes all symlinks to
- the specified unit files from the unit
- configuration directory, and hence
- undoes the changes made by
- <command>enable</command>. Note
- however that this removes
- all symlinks to the unit files
- (i.e. including manual additions), not
- just those actually created by
- <command>enable</command>. This call
- implicitly reloads the systemd daemon
- configuration after completing the
- disabling of the units. Note that this
- command does not implicitly stop the
- units that are being disabled. If this
- is desired an additional
- <command>stop</command> command should
- be executed afterwards.</para>
-
- <para>This command will print the
- actions executed. This output may be
- suppressed by passing
- <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <para>This command honors
- <option>--system</option>,
- <option>--user</option>,
- <option>--global</option> in a similar
- way as
- <command>enable</command>.</para>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-enabled [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Checks whether any of
- the specified unit files are enabled
- (as with
- <command>enable</command>). Returns an
- exit code of 0 if at least one is
- enabled, non-zero otherwise. Prints
- the current enable status. To suppress
- this output use
- <option>--quiet</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reenable [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reenable one or more
- unit files, as specified on the
- command line. This is a combination of
- <command>disable</command> and
- <command>enable</command> and is
- useful to reset the symlinks a unit is
- enabled with to the defaults
- configured in the
- <literal>[Install]</literal> section
- of the unit file.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>preset [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reset one or more unit
- files, as specified on the command
- line, to the defaults configured in
- the preset policy files. This has the
- same effect as
- <command>disable</command> or
- <command>enable</command>, depending
- how the unit is listed in the preset
- files. For more information on preset
- policy format see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. For
- more information on the concept of
- presets please consult the <ulink
- url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
- document.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>mask [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Mask one or more unit
- files, as specified on the command
- line. This will link these units to
- <filename>/dev/null</filename>, making
- it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version
- of <command>disable</command>, since
- it prohibits all kinds of activation
- of the unit, including manual
- activation. Use this option with
- care.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>unmask [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Unmask one or more
- unit files, as specified on the
- command line. This will undo the
- effect of
- <command>mask</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>link [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Link a unit file that
- is not in the unit file search paths
- into the unit file search path. This
- requires an absolute path to a unit
- file. The effect of this can be undone
- with <command>disable</command>. The
- effect of this command is that a unit
- file is available for
- <command>start</command> and other
- commands although it isn't installed
- directly in the unit search
- path.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>load [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Load one or more units
- specified on the command line. This
- will simply load their configuration
- from disk, but not start them. To
- start them you need to use the
- <command>start</command> command which
- will implicitly load a unit that has
- not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
- garbage collects loaded units that are
- not active or referenced by an active
- unit. This means that units loaded
- this way will usually not stay loaded
- for long. Also note that this command
- cannot be used to reload unit
- configuration. Use the
- <command>daemon-reload</command>
- command for that. All in all, this
- command is of little use except for
- debugging.</para>
- <para>This command should not be
- confused with the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> or
- <command>reload</command>
- commands.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>List jobs that are in progress.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>cancel [JOB...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Cancel one or more
- jobs specified on the command line by
- their numeric job
- IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel all pending jobs.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>dump</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Dump server
- status. This will output a (usually
- very long) human readable manager
- status dump. Its format is subject to
- change without notice and should not
- be parsed by
- applications.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>dot</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Generate textual
- dependency graph description in dot
- format for further processing with the
- GraphViz
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- tool. Use a command line like
- <command>systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg >
- systemd.svg</command> to generate a
- graphical dependency tree. Unless
- <option>--order</option> or
- <option>--require</option> is passed
- the generated graph will show both
- ordering and requirement
- dependencies.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>snapshot [NAME]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Create a snapshot. If
- a snapshot name is specified, the new
- snapshot will be named after it. If
- none is specified an automatic
- snapshot name is generated. In either
- case, the snapshot name used is
- printed to STDOUT, unless
- <option>--quiet</option> is
- specified.</para>
-
- <para>A snapshot refers to a saved
- state of the systemd manager. It is
- implemented itself as a unit that is
- generated dynamically with this
- command and has dependencies on all
- units active at the time. At a later
- time the user may return to this state
- by using the
- <command>isolate</command> command on
- the snapshot unit.</para></listitem>
-
- <para>Snapshots are only useful for
- saving and restoring which units are
- running or are stopped, they do not
- save/restore any other
- state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
- on reboot.</para>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>delete [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Remove a snapshot
- previously created with
- <command>snapshot</command>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reload systemd manager
- configuration. This will reload all
- unit files and recreate the entire
- dependency tree. While the daemon is
- reloaded, all sockets systemd listens
- on on behalf of user configuration will
- stay accessible.</para> <para>This
- command should not be confused with
- the <command>load</command> or
- <command>reload</command>
- commands.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Reexecute the systemd
- manager. This will serialize the
- manager state, reexecute the process
- and deserialize the state again. This
- command is of little use except for
- debugging and package
- upgrades. Sometimes it might be
- helpful as a heavy-weight
- <command>daemon-reload</command>. While
- the daemon is reexecuted all sockets
- systemd listens on on behalf of user
- configuration will stay
- accessible.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Dump the systemd
- manager environment block. The
- environment block will be dumped in
- straight-forward form suitable for
- sourcing into a shell script. This
- environment block will be passed to
- all processes the manager
- spawns.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>set-environment [NAME=VALUE...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Set one or more
- systemd manager environment variables,
- as specified on the command
- line.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>unset-environment [NAME...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Unset one or more
- systemd manager environment
- variables. If only a variable name is
- specified it will be removed
- regardless of its value. If a variable
- and a value are specified the variable
- is only removed if it has the
- specified value.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>default</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Enter default
- mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>start
- default.target</command>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>rescue</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Enter rescue
- mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>isolate
- rescue.target</command> but also
- prints a wall message to all
- users.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>emergency</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Enter emergency
- mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>isolate
- emergency.target</command> but also
- prints a wall message to all
- users.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>halt</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Shut down and halt the
- system. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>start halt.target</command>
- but also prints a wall message to all
- users. If combined with
- <option>--force</option> shutdown of
- all running services is skipped,
- however all processes are killed and
- all file systems are unmounted or
- mounted read-only, immediately
- followed by the system halt. If
- <option>--force</option> is specified
- twice the operation is immediately
- executed without terminating any
- processes or unmounting any file
- systems. This may result in data
- loss.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Shut down and
- power-off the system. This is mostly
- equivalent to <command>start
- poweroff.target</command> but also
- prints a wall message to all users. If
- combined with <option>--force</option>
- shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are
- killed and all file systems are
- unmounted or mounted read-only,
- immediately followed by the powering
- off. If <option>--force</option> is
- specified twice the operation is
- immediately executed without
- terminating any processes or
- unmounting any file systems. This may
- result in data loss.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reboot</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
- the system. This is mostly equivalent
- to <command>start
- reboot.target</command> but also
- prints a wall message to all users. If
- combined with <option>--force</option>
- shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are
- killed and all file systems are
- unmounted or mounted read-only,
- immediately followed by the reboot. If
- <option>--force</option> is specified
- twice the operation is immediately
- executed without terminating any
- processes or unmounting any file
- systems. This may result in data
- loss.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>kexec</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Shut down and reboot
- the system via kexec. This is mostly
- equivalent to <command>start
- kexec.target</command> but also prints
- a wall message to all users. If
- combined with <option>--force</option>
- shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are killed
- and all file systems are unmounted or
- mounted read-only, immediately
- followed by the
- reboot.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>exit</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Ask the systemd
- manager to quit. This is only
- supported for user service managers
- (i.e. in conjunction with the
- <option>--user</option> option) and
- will fail otherwise.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>suspend</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Suspend the
- system. This will trigger activation
- of the special
- <filename>suspend.target</filename>
- target.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>hibernate</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Hibernate the
- system. This will trigger activation
- of the special
- <filename>hibernate.target</filename>
- target.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Hibernate and suspend
- the system. This will trigger
- activation of the special
- <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>
- target.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Switches to a
- different root directory and executes
- a new system manager process below
- it. This is intended for usage in
- initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will
- transition from the initrd's system
- manager process (a.k.a "init" process)
- to the main system manager
- process. Takes two arguments: the
- directory to make the new root
- directory, and the path to the new
- system manager binary below it to
- execute as PID 1. If the latter is
- omitted or the empty string, a
- systemd binary will automatically be
- searched for and used as init. If the
- system manager path is omitted or
- equal the empty string the state of
- the initrd's system manager process is
- passed to the main system manager,
- which allows later introspection of the
- state of the services involved in the
- initrd boot.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exit status</title>
-
- <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
- code otherwise.</para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Environment</title>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
- <listitem><para>Pager to use when
- <option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
- overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
- this to an empty string or the value
- <literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
- <option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemadm</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
-</refentry>