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authorLennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>2010-05-17 22:45:52 +0200
committerLennart Poettering <lennart@poettering.net>2010-05-17 22:45:52 +0200
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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.special">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd.special</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd.special</refname>
+ <refpurpose>special systemd units</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
+ <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
+ <filename>default.target</filename>,
+ <filename>emergency.service</filename>,
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
+ <filename>halt.target</filename>,
+ <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
+ <filename>network.target</filename>,
+ <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+ <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+ <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
+ <filename>rtc-set.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel1.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
+ <filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+ <filename>swap.target</filename>,
+ <filename>syslog.target</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>,
+ <filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>A few units are treated specially by
+ systemd. They have special internal semantics and
+ cannot be renamed.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special System Units</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ covering early boot-up.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Requires and After for this
+ target unit to all SysV
+ service units configured for
+ runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of the types
+ Wants and After for all
+ SysV service units configured
+ for runlevels that are not 0
+ to 6 to this target unit.
+ This covers the special
+ boot-up runlevels some
+ distributions have, such as S
+ or b.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever
+ Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
+ the console. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup. Usually this
+ should be aliased (symlinked)
+ to
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ <para>The default unit systemd
+ starts at bootup can be
+ overriden with the
+ <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+ kernel command line option.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>emergency.service</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special service unit
+ that starts an emergency
+ shell on the main
+ console. This unit is supposed
+ to be used with the kernel
+ command line option
+ <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+ and has otherwise little use.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a graphical
+ login screen. This pulls in
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for graphical login shall add
+ Wants dependencies for their
+ unit to this unit (or
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
+ during installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ halt the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd starts this
+ target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
+ pressed on the console. This
+ is a good candidate to be
+ aliased (symlinked) to
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After to all mount units that
+ refer to local mount points
+ for this target unit. In
+ addition, systemd adds
+ dependencies of type Wants to
+ this target unit for those
+ mounts listed in
+ <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+ that have the
+ <literal>auto</literal> and
+ <literal>comment=systemd.mount</literal>
+ mount options set.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$local_fs</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up a multi-user
+ system (non-graphical). This
+ is pulled in by
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+
+ <para>Units that are needed
+ for a multi-user system shall
+ add Wants dependencies to
+ this unit for their unit during
+ installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$network</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$named</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ power off the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
+
+ <para>Applications wanting to
+ reboot the system should start
+ this unit.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Similar to
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ but for remote mount
+ points.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$remote-fs</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ for setting up the base system
+ and a rescue shell.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
+ is an alias for this target
+ unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$rpcbind</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rtc-set.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$time</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel0.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 0. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel1.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 1. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 2. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 3. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 4. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 5. It is a good idea
+ to make this an alias for
+ (i.e. symlink to)
+ <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+ or
+ <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>runlevel6.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is a target that is
+ called whever the SysV
+ compatibility code asks for
+ runlevel 6. This is an alias
+ for
+ <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+ for compatibility with
+ SysV.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that terminates the services
+ on system shutdown.</para>
+
+ <para>Services that shall be
+ terminated on system shutdown
+ shall add Conflicts
+ dependencies to this unit for
+ their service unit during
+ installation.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ Conflicts to this target unit
+ for all SysV init script
+ service units that shall be
+ terminated in SysV runlevels 0
+ or 6.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target that is
+ started when systemd receives
+ the SIGPWR process signal,
+ which is normally sent by the
+ kernel or UPS daemons when
+ power fails.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A special target unit
+ that sets up all service
+ sockets.</para>
+
+ <para>Services that can be
+ socket-activated shall add
+ Wants dependencies to this
+ unit for their socket unit
+ during installation.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Similar to
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
+ partitions and swap
+ files.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ After for this target unit to
+ all SysV init script service
+ units with an LSB header
+ referring to the
+ <literal>$syslog</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+
+ <para>Administrators should
+ ensure that this target pulls
+ in a service unit with the
+ name or alias of
+ <filename>@SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE@</filename>
+ (or a socket unit that
+ activates this
+ service).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This provides
+ compatibility with the SysV
+ /dev/initctl file system FIFO
+ for communication with the
+ init system.</para>
+ <para>This is a
+ socket-activated service, see
+ <filename>system-initctl.socket</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Socket activation unit
+ for
+ <filename>system-initctl.service</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This is internally used
+ by systemd to provide syslog
+ logging to the processes it
+ maintains.</para>
+ <para>This is a
+ socket-activated service, see
+ <filename>system-logger.socket</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Socket activation unit
+ for
+ <filename>system-logger.service</filename>. systemd
+ will automatically add
+ dependencies of types Requires
+ and After to all units that
+ have been configured for
+ stdout or stderr to be
+ connected to syslog or the
+ kernel log buffer.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special Session Units</title>
+
+ <para>When systemd runs as a service instance, the
+ following special units are available, which have
+ similar definitions as their system counterparts:
+ <filename>default.target</filename>,
+ <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+ <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+ <filename>swap.target</filename>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>