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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+        "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd.special">
+
+        <refentryinfo>
+                <title>systemd.special</title>
+                <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+                <authorgroup>
+                        <author>
+                                <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+                                <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+                                <surname>Poettering</surname>
+                                <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+                        </author>
+                </authorgroup>
+        </refentryinfo>
+
+        <refmeta>
+                <refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle>
+                <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+        </refmeta>
+
+        <refnamediv>
+                <refname>systemd.special</refname>
+                <refpurpose>special systemd units</refpurpose>
+        </refnamediv>
+
+        <refsynopsisdiv>
+                <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
+                <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
+                <filename>default.target</filename>,
+                <filename>emergency.service</filename>,
+                <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
+                <filename>halt.target</filename>,
+                <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
+                <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
+                <filename>network.target</filename>,
+                <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
+                <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+                <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+                <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+                <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
+                <filename>rtc-set.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel1.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+                <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+                <filename>swap.target</filename>,
+                <filename>syslog.target</filename>,
+                <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>,
+                <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename>,
+                <filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>,
+                <filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></para>
+        </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Description</title>
+
+                <para>A few units are treated specially by
+                systemd. They have special internal semantics and
+                cannot be renamed.</para>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Special System Units</title>
+
+                <variablelist>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        covering early boot-up.</para>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of the types
+                                        Requires and After for this
+                                        target unit to all SysV
+                                        service units configured for
+                                        runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of the types
+                                        Wants and After for all
+                                        SysV service units configured
+                                        for runlevels that are not 0
+                                        to 6 to this target unit.
+                                        This covers the special
+                                        boot-up runlevels some
+                                        distributions have, such as S
+                                        or b.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd starts this
+                                        target whenever
+                                        Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
+                                        the console. Usually this
+                                        should be aliased (symlinked)
+                                        to
+                                        <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>The default unit systemd
+                                        starts at bootup. Usually this
+                                        should be aliased (symlinked)
+                                        to
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+                                        or
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>The default unit systemd
+                                        starts at bootup can be
+                                        overriden with the
+                                        <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+                                        kernel command line option.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>emergency.service</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special service unit
+                                        that starts an emergency
+                                        shell on the main
+                                        console. This unit is supposed
+                                        to be used with the kernel
+                                        command line option
+                                        <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+                                        and has otherwise little use.
+                                        </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for setting up a graphical
+                                        login screen. This pulls in
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Units that are needed
+                                        for graphical login shall add
+                                        Wants dependencies for their
+                                        unit to this unit (or
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
+                                        during installation.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Applications wanting to
+                                        halt the system should start
+                                        this unit.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd starts this
+                                        target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
+                                        pressed on the console. This
+                                        is a good candidate to be
+                                        aliased (symlinked) to
+                                        <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After to all mount units that
+                                        refer to local mount points
+                                        for this target unit. In
+                                        addition, systemd adds
+                                        dependencies of type Wants to
+                                        this target unit for those
+                                        mounts listed in
+                                        <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+                                        that have the
+                                        <literal>auto</literal> and
+                                        <literal>comment=systemd.mount</literal>
+                                        mount options set.</para>
+
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$local_fs</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for setting up a multi-user
+                                        system (non-graphical). This
+                                        is pulled in by
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Units that are needed
+                                        for a multi-user system shall
+                                        add Wants dependencies to
+                                        this unit for their unit during
+                                        installation.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$network</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$named</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Applications wanting to
+                                        power off the system should start
+                                        this unit.</para>
+
+                                        <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
+                                        is an alias for this target
+                                        unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Applications wanting to
+                                        reboot the system should start
+                                        this unit.</para>
+
+                                        <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
+                                        is an alias for this target
+                                        unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>Similar to
+                                        <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+                                        but for remote mount
+                                        points.</para>
+
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$remote-fs</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for setting up the base system
+                                        and a rescue shell.</para>
+
+                                        <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
+                                        is an alias for this target
+                                        unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$rpcbind</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>rtc-set.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$time</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel0.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 0. This is an alias
+                                        for
+                                        <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+                                        for compatibility with
+                                        SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel1.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 1. This is an alias
+                                        for
+                                        <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+                                        for compatibility with
+                                        SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 2. It is a good idea
+                                        to make this an alias for
+                                        (i.e. symlink to)
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 3. It is a good idea
+                                        to make this an alias for
+                                        (i.e. symlink to)
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+                                        or
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 4. It is a good idea
+                                        to make this an alias for
+                                        (i.e. symlink to)
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+                                        or
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 5. It is a good idea
+                                        to make this an alias for
+                                        (i.e. symlink to)
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+                                        or
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel6.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is a target that is
+                                        called whever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 6. This is an alias
+                                        for
+                                        <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+                                        for compatibility with
+                                        SysV.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that terminates the services
+                                        on system shutdown.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Services that shall be
+                                        terminated on system shutdown
+                                        shall add Conflicts
+                                        dependencies to this unit for
+                                        their service unit during
+                                        installation.</para>
+
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        Conflicts to this target unit
+                                        for all SysV init script
+                                        service units that shall be
+                                        terminated in SysV runlevels 0
+                                        or 6.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target that is
+                                        started when systemd receives
+                                        the SIGPWR process signal,
+                                        which is normally sent by the
+                                        kernel or UPS daemons when
+                                        power fails.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that sets up all service
+                                        sockets.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Services that can be
+                                        socket-activated shall add
+                                        Wants dependencies to this
+                                        unit for their socket unit
+                                        during installation.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>Similar to
+                                        <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
+                                        partitions and swap
+                                        files.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        After for this target unit to
+                                        all SysV init script service
+                                        units with an LSB header
+                                        referring to the
+                                        <literal>$syslog</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Administrators should
+                                        ensure that this target pulls
+                                        in a service unit with the
+                                        name or alias of
+                                        <filename>@SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE@</filename>
+                                        (or a socket unit that
+                                        activates this
+                                        service).</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This provides
+                                        compatibility with the SysV
+                                        /dev/initctl file system FIFO
+                                        for communication with the
+                                        init system.</para>
+                                        <para>This is a
+                                        socket-activated service, see
+                                        <filename>system-initctl.socket</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>Socket activation unit
+                                        for
+                                        <filename>system-initctl.service</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This is internally used
+                                        by systemd to provide syslog
+                                        logging to the processes it
+                                        maintains.</para>
+                                        <para>This is a
+                                        socket-activated service, see
+                                        <filename>system-logger.socket</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>Socket activation unit
+                                        for
+                                        <filename>system-logger.service</filename>. systemd
+                                        will automatically add
+                                        dependencies of types Requires
+                                        and After to all units that
+                                        have been configured for
+                                        stdout or stderr to be
+                                        connected to syslog or the
+                                        kernel log buffer.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                </variablelist>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Special Session Units</title>
+
+                <para>When systemd runs as a service instance, the
+                following special units are available, which have
+                similar definitions as their system counterparts:
+                <filename>default.target</filename>,
+                <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+                <filename>swap.target</filename>.</para>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                  <title>See Also</title>
+                  <para>
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                  </para>
+        </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>