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authorKay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>2015-06-09 14:27:33 +0200
committerKay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>2015-06-11 10:52:46 +0200
commita095315b3c31f7a419baceac82c26c3c5ac0cd12 (patch)
treea5a70cf5b5430c0a6873311437b8345d7071f249 /src/basic/util.c
parent37c47e5e5b8e47dd886ed6e8355b1203082b4a3e (diff)
build-sys: split internal basic/ library from shared/
basic/ can be used by everything cannot use anything outside of basic/ libsystemd/ can use basic/ cannot use shared/ shared/ can use libsystemd/
Diffstat (limited to 'src/basic/util.c')
-rw-r--r--src/basic/util.c6048
1 files changed, 6048 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/basic/util.c b/src/basic/util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f6906f877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,6048 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <libintl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+/* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
+ * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the XDG
+ * version which is really broken. */
+#include <libgen.h>
+#undef basename
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
+#include <sys/auxv.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "ioprio.h"
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "exit-status.h"
+#include "hashmap.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "device-nodes.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "gunicode.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "formats-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+
+/* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
+assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
+
+int saved_argc = 0;
+char **saved_argv = NULL;
+
+size_t page_size(void) {
+ static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
+ long r;
+
+ if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
+ return pgsz;
+
+ r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+ assert(r > 0);
+
+ pgsz = (size_t) r;
+ return pgsz;
+}
+
+bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
+
+ /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
+
+ if (a && b)
+ return streq(a, b);
+
+ if (!a && !b)
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
+ size_t sl, pl;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(postfix);
+
+ sl = strlen(s);
+ pl = strlen(postfix);
+
+ if (pl == 0)
+ return (char*) s + sl;
+
+ if (sl < pl)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return (char*) s + sl - pl;
+}
+
+char* endswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
+ size_t sl, pl;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(postfix);
+
+ sl = strlen(s);
+ pl = strlen(postfix);
+
+ if (pl == 0)
+ return (char*) s + sl;
+
+ if (sl < pl)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (strcasecmp(s + sl - pl, postfix) != 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return (char*) s + sl - pl;
+}
+
+char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
+ size_t sl, wl;
+ const char *p;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(word);
+
+ /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
+ * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
+ * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
+
+ sl = strlen(s);
+ wl = strlen(word);
+
+ if (sl < wl)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (wl == 0)
+ return (char*) s;
+
+ if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ p = s + wl;
+ if (*p == 0)
+ return (char*) p;
+
+ if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
+ return NULL;
+
+ p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+ return (char*) p;
+}
+
+size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
+ char * buf_old = buf;
+
+ switch (c) {
+
+ case '\a':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'a';
+ break;
+ case '\b':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'b';
+ break;
+ case '\f':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'f';
+ break;
+ case '\n':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'n';
+ break;
+ case '\r':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'r';
+ break;
+ case '\t':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 't';
+ break;
+ case '\v':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = 'v';
+ break;
+ case '\\':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ break;
+ case '"':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = '"';
+ break;
+ case '\'':
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = '\'';
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ /* For special chars we prefer octal over
+ * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
+ * g_strescape() does the same */
+ if ((c < ' ') || (c >= 127)) {
+ *(buf++) = '\\';
+ *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 6);
+ *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c >> 3);
+ *(buf++) = octchar((unsigned char) c);
+ } else
+ *(buf++) = c;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return buf - buf_old;
+}
+
+int close_nointr(int fd) {
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (close(fd) >= 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /*
+ * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
+ * Linux.
+ *
+ * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
+ * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
+ * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
+ * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
+ */
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ return 0;
+
+ return -errno;
+}
+
+int safe_close(int fd) {
+
+ /*
+ * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
+ * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
+ * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
+ *
+ * fd = safe_close(fd);
+ */
+
+ if (fd >= 0) {
+ PROTECT_ERRNO;
+
+ /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
+ * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
+ * only condition we want to check for here is whether
+ * the fd was invalid at all... */
+
+ assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
+ }
+
+ return -1;
+}
+
+void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
+ unsigned i;
+
+ assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
+ safe_close(fds[i]);
+}
+
+int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
+ PROTECT_ERRNO;
+ int r;
+
+ r = unlink(path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
+ assert(v);
+
+ if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
+ return 1;
+ else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
+ return 0;
+
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
+ unsigned long ul = 0;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_pid);
+
+ r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ pid = (pid_t) ul;
+
+ if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ if (pid <= 0)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret_pid = pid;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
+ unsigned long ul = 0;
+ uid_t uid;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(s);
+
+ r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ uid = (uid_t) ul;
+
+ if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ /* Some libc APIs use UID_INVALID as special placeholder */
+ if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
+ return -ENXIO;
+
+ /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
+ if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
+ return -ENXIO;
+
+ if (ret_uid)
+ *ret_uid = uid;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ unsigned long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_u);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_i);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((long) (int) l != l)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret_i = (int) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ unsigned long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret = (uint8_t) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ unsigned long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret = (uint16_t) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret = (int16_t) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ unsigned long long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_llu);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret_llu = l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ long long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_lli);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+ return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret_lli = l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
+ char *x = NULL;
+ double d = 0;
+ locale_t loc;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret_d);
+
+ loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
+ if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
+ freelocale(loc);
+ return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ freelocale(loc);
+ *ret_d = (double) d;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
+ bool escaped = false;
+ int n;
+
+ for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
+ if (escaped)
+ escaped = false;
+ else if (s[n] == '\\')
+ escaped = true;
+ else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
+ return n - escaped;
+}
+
+/* Split a string into words. */
+const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
+ const char *current;
+
+ current = *state;
+
+ if (!*current) {
+ assert(**state == '\0');
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ current += strspn(current, separator);
+ if (!*current) {
+ *state = current;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
+ char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
+
+ *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
+ if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' || current[*l + 1] != quotechars[0] ||
+ (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
+ /* right quote missing or garbage at the end */
+ *state = current;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ *state = current++ + *l + 2;
+ } else if (quoted) {
+ *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
+ if (current[*l] && !strchr(separator, current[*l])) {
+ /* unfinished escape */
+ *state = current;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ *state = current + *l;
+ } else {
+ *l = strcspn(current, separator);
+ *state = current + *l;
+ }
+
+ return current;
+}
+
+int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
+ mode_t u;
+ int r;
+
+ u = umask(0777);
+ r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
+ umask(u);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
+ assert(s);
+
+ s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
+ return s;
+}
+
+char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
+ size_t a;
+ char *r;
+
+ if (!s && !suffix)
+ return strdup("");
+
+ if (!s)
+ return strndup(suffix, b);
+
+ if (!suffix)
+ return strdup(s);
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(suffix);
+
+ a = strlen(s);
+ if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
+ return NULL;
+
+ r = new(char, a+b+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ memcpy(r, s, a);
+ memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
+ r[a+b] = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
+ return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
+}
+
+int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
+ size_t l = 100;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ char *c;
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ c = new(char, l);
+ if (!c)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
+ if (n < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ free(c);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
+ c[n] = 0;
+ *ret = c;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ free(c);
+ l *= 2;
+ }
+}
+
+int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
+ return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
+}
+
+int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+ char *value;
+ int r;
+
+ r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ value = basename(link);
+ if (!value)
+ return -ENOENT;
+
+ value = strdup(value);
+ if (!value)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *ret = value;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+ char *k;
+ int j;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(r);
+
+ j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
+ if (j < 0)
+ return j;
+
+ k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
+ if (!k)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *r = k;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
+ char *t, *s;
+ int j;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(r);
+
+ j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
+ if (j < 0)
+ return j;
+
+ s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
+ if (s) {
+ free(t);
+ *r = s;
+ } else
+ *r = t;
+
+ path_kill_slashes(*r);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char *strstrip(char *s) {
+ char *e;
+
+ /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
+ * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
+
+ s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
+
+ for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
+ if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
+ break;
+
+ *e = 0;
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
+ char *f, *t;
+
+ /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
+
+ for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
+ if (strchr(bad, *f))
+ continue;
+
+ *(t++) = *f;
+ }
+
+ *t = 0;
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
+ char *e, *ret;
+ size_t k;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(filename);
+
+ /* This removes the last component of path and appends
+ * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
+ * former isn't */
+
+ if (path_is_absolute(filename))
+ return strdup(filename);
+
+ e = strrchr(path, '/');
+ if (!e)
+ return strdup(filename);
+
+ k = strlen(filename);
+ ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
+ if (!ret)
+ return NULL;
+
+ memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
+ size_t l;
+ int r = 0;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(stop);
+
+ l = strlen(path);
+
+ /* Skip trailing slashes */
+ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
+ l--;
+
+ while (l > 0) {
+ char *t;
+
+ /* Skip last component */
+ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
+ l--;
+
+ /* Skip trailing slashes */
+ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
+ l--;
+
+ if (l <= 0)
+ break;
+
+ if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
+ free(t);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ r = rmdir(t);
+ free(t);
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ if (errno != ENOENT)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char hexchar(int x) {
+ static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+ return table[x & 15];
+}
+
+int unhexchar(char c) {
+
+ if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+ return c - '0';
+
+ if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+ return c - 'a' + 10;
+
+ if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+ return c - 'A' + 10;
+
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
+ char *r, *z;
+ const uint8_t *x;
+
+ z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
+ *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
+ *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
+ }
+
+ *z = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
+ uint8_t *r, *z;
+ const char *x;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
+ int a, b;
+
+ a = unhexchar(x[0]);
+ if (x+1 < p + l)
+ b = unhexchar(x[1]);
+ else
+ b = 0;
+
+ *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
+ }
+
+ *z = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+char octchar(int x) {
+ return '0' + (x & 7);
+}
+
+int unoctchar(char c) {
+
+ if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
+ return c - '0';
+
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char decchar(int x) {
+ return '0' + (x % 10);
+}
+
+int undecchar(char c) {
+
+ if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+ return c - '0';
+
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *cescape(const char *s) {
+ char *r, *t;
+ const char *f;
+
+ assert(s);
+
+ /* Does C style string escaping. May be reversed with
+ * cunescape(). */
+
+ r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
+ t += cescape_char(*f, t);
+
+ *t = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int cunescape_one(const char *p, size_t length, char *ret, uint32_t *ret_unicode) {
+ int r = 1;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(*p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* Unescapes C style. Returns the unescaped character in ret,
+ * unless we encountered a \u sequence in which case the full
+ * unicode character is returned in ret_unicode, instead. */
+
+ if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 1)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ switch (p[0]) {
+
+ case 'a':
+ *ret = '\a';
+ break;
+ case 'b':
+ *ret = '\b';
+ break;
+ case 'f':
+ *ret = '\f';
+ break;
+ case 'n':
+ *ret = '\n';
+ break;
+ case 'r':
+ *ret = '\r';
+ break;
+ case 't':
+ *ret = '\t';
+ break;
+ case 'v':
+ *ret = '\v';
+ break;
+ case '\\':
+ *ret = '\\';
+ break;
+ case '"':
+ *ret = '"';
+ break;
+ case '\'':
+ *ret = '\'';
+ break;
+
+ case 's':
+ /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
+ *ret = ' ';
+ break;
+
+ case 'x': {
+ /* hexadecimal encoding */
+ int a, b;
+
+ if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ a = unhexchar(p[1]);
+ if (a < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ b = unhexchar(p[2]);
+ if (b < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Don't allow NUL bytes */
+ if (a == 0 && b == 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret = (char) ((a << 4U) | b);
+ r = 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case 'u': {
+ /* C++11 style 16bit unicode */
+
+ int a[4];
+ unsigned i;
+ uint32_t c;
+
+ if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 5)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+ a[i] = unhexchar(p[1 + i]);
+ if (a[i] < 0)
+ return a[i];
+ }
+
+ c = ((uint32_t) a[0] << 12U) | ((uint32_t) a[1] << 8U) | ((uint32_t) a[2] << 4U) | (uint32_t) a[3];
+
+ /* Don't allow 0 chars */
+ if (c == 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (c < 128)
+ *ret = c;
+ else {
+ if (!ret_unicode)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret = 0;
+ *ret_unicode = c;
+ }
+
+ r = 5;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case 'U': {
+ /* C++11 style 32bit unicode */
+
+ int a[8];
+ unsigned i;
+ uint32_t c;
+
+ if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 9)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+ a[i] = unhexchar(p[1 + i]);
+ if (a[i] < 0)
+ return a[i];
+ }
+
+ c = ((uint32_t) a[0] << 28U) | ((uint32_t) a[1] << 24U) | ((uint32_t) a[2] << 20U) | ((uint32_t) a[3] << 16U) |
+ ((uint32_t) a[4] << 12U) | ((uint32_t) a[5] << 8U) | ((uint32_t) a[6] << 4U) | (uint32_t) a[7];
+
+ /* Don't allow 0 chars */
+ if (c == 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Don't allow invalid code points */
+ if (!unichar_is_valid(c))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (c < 128)
+ *ret = c;
+ else {
+ if (!ret_unicode)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret = 0;
+ *ret_unicode = c;
+ }
+
+ r = 9;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case '0':
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7': {
+ /* octal encoding */
+ int a, b, c;
+ uint32_t m;
+
+ if (length != (size_t) -1 && length < 3)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ a = unoctchar(p[0]);
+ if (a < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ b = unoctchar(p[1]);
+ if (b < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ c = unoctchar(p[2]);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* don't allow NUL bytes */
+ if (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Don't allow bytes above 255 */
+ m = ((uint32_t) a << 6U) | ((uint32_t) b << 3U) | (uint32_t) c;
+ if (m > 255)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ *ret = m;
+ r = 3;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ default:
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+ char *r, *t;
+ const char *f;
+ size_t pl;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
+
+ pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
+
+ r = new(char, pl+length+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (prefix)
+ memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
+
+ for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
+ size_t remaining;
+ uint32_t u;
+ char c;
+ int k;
+
+ remaining = s + length - f;
+ assert(remaining > 0);
+
+ if (*f != '\\') {
+ /* A literal literal, copy verbatim */
+ *(t++) = *f;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (remaining == 1) {
+ if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+ /* A trailing backslash, copy verbatim */
+ *(t++) = *f;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ free(r);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ k = cunescape_one(f + 1, remaining - 1, &c, &u);
+ if (k < 0) {
+ if (flags & UNESCAPE_RELAX) {
+ /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
+ *(t++) = '\\';
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ free(r);
+ return k;
+ }
+
+ if (c != 0)
+ /* Non-Unicode? Let's encode this directly */
+ *(t++) = c;
+ else
+ /* Unicode? Then let's encode this in UTF-8 */
+ t += utf8_encode_unichar(t, u);
+
+ f += k;
+ }
+
+ *t = 0;
+
+ *ret = r;
+ return t - r;
+}
+
+int cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+ return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL, flags, ret);
+}
+
+int cunescape(const char *s, UnescapeFlags flags, char **ret) {
+ return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s), flags, ret);
+}
+
+char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
+ char *r, *t;
+ const char *f;
+
+ /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
+ * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
+ * cunescape(). */
+
+ r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
+
+ if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
+ (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
+ *(t++) = '\\';
+ *(t++) = 'x';
+ *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
+ *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
+ } else
+ *(t++) = *f;
+ }
+
+ *t = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
+ char *p;
+
+ assert(t);
+
+ for (p = t; *p; p++)
+ if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
+ *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
+
+ return t;
+}
+
+_pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
+ assert(filename);
+
+ return
+ filename[0] == '.' ||
+ streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
+ streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
+ streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
+ endswith(filename, ".swp");
+}
+
+bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
+ assert(filename);
+
+ if (endswith(filename, "~"))
+ return true;
+
+ return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
+}
+
+int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
+ int flags, nflags;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+ if (flags < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (nonblock)
+ nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
+ else
+ nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
+
+ if (nflags == flags)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
+ int flags, nflags;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
+ if (flags < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (cloexec)
+ nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
+ else
+ nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
+
+ if (nflags == flags)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+_pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
+ unsigned i;
+
+ assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
+ if (fdset[i] == fd)
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+ struct dirent *de;
+ int r = 0;
+
+ assert(n_except == 0 || except);
+
+ d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
+ if (!d) {
+ int fd;
+ struct rlimit rl;
+
+ /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
+ * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
+ * table */
+
+ assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
+ for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
+
+ if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
+ continue;
+
+ if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
+ if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
+ r = -errno;
+ }
+
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ while ((de = readdir(d))) {
+ int fd = -1;
+
+ if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
+ continue;
+
+ if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
+ /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
+ continue;
+
+ if (fd < 3)
+ continue;
+
+ if (fd == dirfd(d))
+ continue;
+
+ if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
+ continue;
+
+ if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
+ /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
+ if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
+ r = -errno;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
+ const char *p;
+
+ /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
+ for (p = a; *p; p++)
+ if (strchr(b, *p))
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
+ static const char table[] =
+ "afs\0"
+ "cifs\0"
+ "smbfs\0"
+ "sshfs\0"
+ "ncpfs\0"
+ "ncp\0"
+ "nfs\0"
+ "nfs4\0"
+ "gfs\0"
+ "gfs2\0"
+ "glusterfs\0";
+
+ const char *x;
+
+ x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
+ if (x)
+ fstype = x;
+
+ return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
+}
+
+int flush_fd(int fd) {
+ struct pollfd pollfd = {
+ .fd = fd,
+ .events = POLLIN,
+ };
+
+ for (;;) {
+ char buf[LINE_MAX];
+ ssize_t l;
+ int r;
+
+ r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+
+ return -errno;
+
+ } else if (r == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+ if (l < 0) {
+
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+
+ if (errno == EAGAIN)
+ return 0;
+
+ return -errno;
+ } else if (l == 0)
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
+ assert(p);
+
+ if (p[0] == p[1]) {
+ /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
+ * directions... */
+ p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
+ p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
+}
+
+ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+ uint8_t *p = buf;
+ ssize_t n = 0;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(buf);
+
+ while (nbytes > 0) {
+ ssize_t k;
+
+ k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
+ if (k < 0) {
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+
+ if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
+
+ /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
+ * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
+ * via read() */
+
+ fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (k == 0)
+ return n;
+
+ p += k;
+ nbytes -= k;
+ n += k;
+ }
+
+ return n;
+}
+
+int loop_read_exact(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ n = loop_read(fd, buf, nbytes, do_poll);
+ if (n < 0)
+ return n;
+ if ((size_t) n != nbytes)
+ return -EIO;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
+ const uint8_t *p = buf;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(buf);
+
+ errno = 0;
+
+ do {
+ ssize_t k;
+
+ k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
+ if (k < 0) {
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+
+ if (errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
+ /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
+ * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
+ * via write() */
+
+ fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (nbytes > 0 && k == 0) /* Can't really happen */
+ return -EIO;
+
+ p += k;
+ nbytes -= k;
+ } while (nbytes > 0);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
+
+ /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffixes, and
+ * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
+ * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
+ * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
+ * hardware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
+ * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
+ * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
+ *
+ * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
+ * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
+ * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
+ * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
+ * call. */
+
+ struct table {
+ const char *suffix;
+ unsigned long long factor;
+ };
+
+ static const struct table iec[] = {
+ { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "K", 1024ULL },
+ { "B", 1 },
+ { "", 1 },
+ };
+
+ static const struct table si[] = {
+ { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+ { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+ { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+ { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+ { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
+ { "K", 1000ULL },
+ { "B", 1 },
+ { "", 1 },
+ };
+
+ const struct table *table;
+ const char *p;
+ unsigned long long r = 0;
+ unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
+
+ assert(t);
+ assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
+ assert(size);
+
+ if (base == 1000) {
+ table = si;
+ n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
+ } else {
+ table = iec;
+ n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
+ }
+
+ p = t;
+ do {
+ long long l;
+ unsigned long long l2;
+ double frac = 0;
+ char *e;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
+
+ if (errno > 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (l < 0)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ if (e == p)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (*e == '.') {
+ e++;
+ if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
+ char *e2;
+
+ /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
+ l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
+
+ if (errno == ERANGE)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
+ frac = l2;
+ for (; e < e2; e++)
+ frac /= 10;
+ }
+ }
+
+ e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
+
+ for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
+ if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
+ unsigned long long tmp;
+ if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
+ return -ERANGE;
+ tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
+ if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ r += tmp;
+ if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
+
+ start_pos = i + 1;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (i >= n_entries)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ } while (*p);
+
+ *size = r;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
+
+ /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
+ * sysfs or in /dev */
+
+ return
+ path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
+ path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
+}
+
+int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+
+ d = opendir(path);
+ if (!d)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ struct dirent *de;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ de = readdir(d);
+ if (!de && errno != 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (!de)
+ return 1;
+
+ if (!hidden_file(de->d_name))
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
+ char *d, *dir, *dir2;
+
+ d = strdup(path);
+ if (!d)
+ return NULL;
+ dir = dirname(d);
+ assert(dir);
+
+ if (dir != d) {
+ dir2 = strdup(dir);
+ free(d);
+ return dir2;
+ }
+
+ return dir;
+}
+
+void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
+ assert(name);
+
+ /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
+ * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
+ * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
+ * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
+ * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
+ * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
+ * truncated */
+
+ prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
+
+ if (program_invocation_name)
+ strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
+
+ if (saved_argc > 0) {
+ int i;
+
+ if (saved_argv[0])
+ strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
+
+ for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
+ if (!saved_argv[i])
+ break;
+
+ memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
+ long bufsize;
+ char *name;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+ struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
+
+ /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
+ if (uid == 0)
+ return strdup("root");
+
+ bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+ if (bufsize <= 0)
+ bufsize = 4096;
+
+ buf = malloc(bufsize);
+ if (!buf)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
+ return strdup(pw->pw_name);
+
+ if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return name;
+}
+
+char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
+ uid_t uid;
+ struct stat st;
+
+ if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
+ uid = st.st_uid;
+ else
+ uid = getuid();
+
+ return lookup_uid(uid);
+}
+
+char *getusername_malloc(void) {
+ const char *e;
+
+ e = getenv("USER");
+ if (e)
+ return strdup(e);
+
+ return lookup_uid(getuid());
+}
+
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
+ assert(s);
+
+ return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
+ F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
+}
+
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
+ struct statfs s;
+
+ if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return is_temporary_fs(&s);
+}
+
+int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+ assert(path);
+
+ /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
+ * first change the access mode and only then hand out
+ * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
+
+ if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
+ if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
+ if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
+ * first change the access mode and only then hand out
+ * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
+
+ if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
+ if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
+ if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
+ cpu_set_t *r;
+ unsigned n = 1024;
+
+ /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
+
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
+ CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
+
+ if (ncpus)
+ *ncpus = n;
+
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ CPU_FREE(r);
+
+ if (errno != EINVAL)
+ return NULL;
+
+ n *= 2;
+ }
+}
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
+ struct stat a, b;
+
+ if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
+ a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
+}
+
+int running_in_chroot(void) {
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+
+ return ret == 0;
+}
+
+static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+ size_t x;
+ char *r;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(percent <= 100);
+ assert(new_length >= 3);
+
+ if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
+ return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+ r = new0(char, new_length+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
+
+ if (x > new_length - 3)
+ x = new_length - 3;
+
+ memcpy(r, s, x);
+ r[x] = '.';
+ r[x+1] = '.';
+ r[x+2] = '.';
+ memcpy(r + x + 3,
+ s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
+ new_length - x - 3);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+ size_t x;
+ char *e;
+ const char *i, *j;
+ unsigned k, len, len2;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(percent <= 100);
+ assert(new_length >= 3);
+
+ /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
+ if (ascii_is_valid(s))
+ return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
+
+ if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
+ return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+ x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
+
+ if (x > new_length - 3)
+ x = new_length - 3;
+
+ k = 0;
+ for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
+ int c;
+
+ c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return NULL;
+ k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+ }
+
+ if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
+ x ++;
+
+ for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
+ int c;
+
+ j = utf8_prev_char(j);
+ c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return NULL;
+ k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+ }
+ assert(i <= j);
+
+ /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
+ if (i == j)
+ return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
+
+ /* make space for ellipsis */
+ j = utf8_next_char(j);
+
+ len = i - s;
+ len2 = s + old_length - j;
+ e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
+ if (!e)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /*
+ printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
+ old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
+ */
+
+ memcpy(e, s, len);
+ e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
+ e[len + 1] = 0x80;
+ e[len + 2] = 0xa6;
+
+ memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
+
+ return e;
+}
+
+char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
+ return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
+}
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ if (parents)
+ mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+
+ fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (mode > 0) {
+ r = fchmod(fd, mode);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
+ r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
+ struct timespec ts[2];
+
+ timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
+ ts[1] = ts[0];
+ r = futimens(fd, ts);
+ } else
+ r = futimens(fd, NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int touch(const char *path) {
+ return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
+}
+
+static char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
+ size_t l;
+ assert(s);
+
+ /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
+ * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
+ * escaping or anything.
+ *
+ * DON'T USE THIS FOR NEW CODE ANYMORE!*/
+
+ l = strlen(s);
+ if (l < 2)
+ return strdup(s);
+
+ if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
+ return strndup(s+1, l-2);
+
+ return strdup(s);
+}
+
+noreturn void freeze(void) {
+
+ /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
+ close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
+
+ sync();
+
+ for (;;)
+ pause();
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
+ assert(st);
+
+ if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
+ return true;
+
+ if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fn);
+
+ if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
+ int nfd;
+ DIR *d;
+
+ assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
+
+ nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
+ if (nfd < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ d = fdopendir(nfd);
+ if (!d) {
+ safe_close(nfd);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return d;
+}
+
+static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
+ size_t enc_len;
+
+ u = unquote(tagvalue, QUOTES);
+ if (!u)
+ return NULL;
+
+ enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
+ t = new(char, enc_len);
+ if (!t)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
+}
+
+char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
+ assert(p);
+
+ if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
+
+ return strdup(p);
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
+ return false;
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+ de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+ de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+ de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+ de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return false;
+
+ if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
+ return false;
+
+ return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
+}
+
+static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
+ char **directory;
+
+ /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
+ * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
+
+ (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+ (void) reset_signal_mask();
+
+ assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+
+ pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
+ if (!pids)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!seen)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+ struct dirent *de;
+
+ d = opendir(*directory);
+ if (!d) {
+ if (errno == ENOENT)
+ continue;
+
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
+ }
+
+ FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int r;
+
+ if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+ continue;
+
+ if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
+ log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
+ if (!path)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
+ log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+ continue;
+ } else if (pid == 0) {
+ char *_argv[2];
+
+ assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+
+ if (!argv) {
+ _argv[0] = path;
+ _argv[1] = NULL;
+ argv = _argv;
+ } else
+ argv[0] = path;
+
+ execv(path, argv);
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
+ }
+
+ log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
+
+ r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ path = NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
+ * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
+ * and turn on alarm(). */
+
+ if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
+ alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
+
+ while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+ pid_t pid;
+
+ pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
+ assert(pid > 0);
+
+ path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
+ assert(path);
+
+ wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+ pid_t executor_pid;
+ int r;
+ char *name;
+ char **dirs = (char**) directories;
+
+ assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
+
+ name = basename(dirs[0]);
+ assert(!isempty(name));
+
+ /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
+ * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
+ * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
+ * earliest one wins. */
+
+ executor_pid = fork();
+ if (executor_pid < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+ return;
+
+ } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
+ r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
+ _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
+}
+
+bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
+ const char *i;
+
+ if (!nulstr)
+ return false;
+
+ NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
+ if (streq(i, needle))
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool plymouth_running(void) {
+ return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
+}
+
+char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
+ assert(s);
+
+ if (l < strlen(s))
+ s[l] = 0;
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
+
+ if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
+ return false;
+
+ /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
+ * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
+ * limitation. */
+
+ if (strlen(s) > 64)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+int pipe_eof(int fd) {
+ struct pollfd pollfd = {
+ .fd = fd,
+ .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
+ };
+
+ int r;
+
+ r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
+}
+
+int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
+
+ struct pollfd pollfd = {
+ .fd = fd,
+ .events = event,
+ };
+
+ struct timespec ts;
+ int r;
+
+ r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ return pollfd.revents;
+}
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
+ FILE *f;
+ char *t;
+ int r, fd;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(_f);
+ assert(_temp_path);
+
+ r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ free(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ f = fdopen(fd, "we");
+ if (!f) {
+ unlink(t);
+ free(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ *_f = f;
+ *_temp_path = t;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(from);
+ assert(to);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(from);
+ assert(to);
+
+ if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
+ if (errno != EEXIST)
+ return -errno;
+
+ r = readlink_malloc(to, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (!streq(p, from))
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
+ assert(display);
+
+ return
+ display[0] == ':' &&
+ display[1] >= '0' &&
+ display[1] <= '9';
+}
+
+int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
+ size_t k;
+ char *f, *c;
+
+ assert(display);
+ assert(path);
+
+ if (!display_is_local(display))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
+
+ f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
+ if (!f)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
+ memcpy(c, display+1, k);
+ c[k] = 0;
+
+ *path = f;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_user_creds(
+ const char **username,
+ uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
+ const char **home,
+ const char **shell) {
+
+ struct passwd *p;
+ uid_t u;
+
+ assert(username);
+ assert(*username);
+
+ /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
+ * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+ if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
+ *username = "root";
+
+ if (uid)
+ *uid = 0;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = 0;
+
+ if (home)
+ *home = "/root";
+
+ if (shell)
+ *shell = "/bin/sh";
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwuid(u);
+
+ /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
+ * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
+ * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
+ * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
+ * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
+ if (p)
+ *username = p->pw_name;
+ } else {
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwnam(*username);
+ }
+
+ if (!p)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (uid)
+ *uid = p->pw_uid;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = p->pw_gid;
+
+ if (home)
+ *home = p->pw_dir;
+
+ if (shell)
+ *shell = p->pw_shell;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
+ struct passwd *p;
+ char *r;
+
+ if (uid == 0)
+ return strdup("root");
+
+ p = getpwuid(uid);
+ if (p)
+ return strdup(p->pw_name);
+
+ if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
+ struct group *p;
+ char *r;
+
+ if (gid == 0)
+ return strdup("root");
+
+ p = getgrgid(gid);
+ if (p)
+ return strdup(p->gr_name);
+
+ if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
+ struct group *g;
+ gid_t id;
+
+ assert(groupname);
+
+ /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
+ * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+ if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
+ *groupname = "root";
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = 0;
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
+ errno = 0;
+ g = getgrgid(id);
+
+ if (g)
+ *groupname = g->gr_name;
+ } else {
+ errno = 0;
+ g = getgrnam(*groupname);
+ }
+
+ if (!g)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = g->gr_gid;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
+ gid_t *gids;
+ int ngroups_max, r, i;
+
+ if (getgid() == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ if (getegid() == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
+ assert(ngroups_max > 0);
+
+ gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
+
+ r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
+ if (gids[i] == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int in_group(const char *name) {
+ int r;
+ gid_t gid;
+
+ r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ return in_gid(gid);
+}
+
+int glob_exists(const char *path) {
+ _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+ int k;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+ if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+ return 0;
+ else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ else if (k == 0)
+ return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
+ else
+ return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+}
+
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
+ _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+ int k;
+ char **p;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+ if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+ return -ENOENT;
+ else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
+ return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
+ k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
+ if (k < 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return k;
+}
+
+int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(d);
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ de->d_type =
+ S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
+ S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
+ S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
+ S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
+ S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
+ S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
+ S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
+ DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+ size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
+ * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
+ * number. */
+
+ d = opendir(path);
+ if (!d)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ struct dirent *de;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ de = readdir(d);
+ if (!de && errno != 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (!de)
+ break;
+
+ dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
+
+ if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+ continue;
+
+ if (list) {
+ /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
+ if (!l[n])
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ l[++n] = NULL;
+ } else
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ if (list) {
+ *list = l;
+ l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
+ }
+
+ return n;
+}
+
+char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
+ va_list ap;
+ size_t l;
+ char *r, *p;
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+
+ if (x) {
+ l = strlen(x);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+ size_t n;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ n = strlen(t);
+ if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
+ va_end(ap);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ l += n;
+ }
+ } else
+ l = 0;
+
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ r = new(char, l+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (x) {
+ p = stpcpy(r, x);
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ p = stpcpy(p, t);
+ }
+
+ va_end(ap);
+ } else
+ r[0] = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+bool is_main_thread(void) {
+ static thread_local int cached = 0;
+
+ if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
+ cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
+
+ return cached > 0;
+}
+
+int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
+ char *p, *s;
+ int r;
+ unsigned n, m;
+
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r >= 0) {
+ *ret = d;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -ENOENT;
+
+ /* Get parent dev_t */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
+ free(s);
+
+ if (r != 2)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r >= 0) {
+ *ret = makedev(m, n);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
+ [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
+ [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
+ [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
+ [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
+ [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
+ [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
+
+static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
+
+static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
+ [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
+ [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
+ [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
+ [LOG_ERR] = "err",
+ [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
+ [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
+ [LOG_INFO] = "info",
+ [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
+
+static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
+ [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
+ [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
+ [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
+ [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
+ [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
+ [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
+ [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
+ [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
+ [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
+ [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
+ [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
+ [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
+ [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
+ [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
+ [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
+ [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
+ [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
+ [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
+ [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
+ [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
+ [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
+
+static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
+ [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
+ [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
+ [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
+ [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
+
+bool kexec_loaded(void) {
+ bool loaded = false;
+ char *s;
+
+ if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
+ if (s[0] == '1')
+ loaded = true;
+ free(s);
+ }
+ return loaded;
+}
+
+int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
+
+ switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
+
+ case O_RDONLY:
+ return PROT_READ;
+
+ case O_WRONLY:
+ return PROT_WRITE;
+
+ case O_RDWR:
+ return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
+
+ default:
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+}
+
+char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
+ unsigned i;
+
+ static const struct {
+ const char *suffix;
+ off_t factor;
+ } table[] = {
+ { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "K", 1024ULL },
+ };
+
+ if (t == (off_t) -1)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+
+ if (t >= table[i].factor) {
+ snprintf(buf, l,
+ "%llu.%llu%s",
+ (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
+ (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
+ table[i].suffix);
+
+ goto finish;
+ }
+ }
+
+ snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
+
+finish:
+ buf[l-1] = 0;
+ return buf;
+
+}
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
+ void *r;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ r = malloc(l);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ memcpy(r, p, l);
+ return r;
+}
+
+int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
+ int r, value;
+ socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
+
+ r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
+ if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
+
+ value = (int) n;
+ if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
+ if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
+ int r, value;
+ socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
+
+ r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
+ if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
+
+ value = (int) n;
+ if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
+ if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
+ bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
+ pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
+ sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
+ unsigned n, i;
+ va_list ap;
+ char **l;
+
+ assert(pid);
+ assert(path);
+
+ /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
+ * we go away */
+
+ parent_pid = getpid();
+
+ /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
+ * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
+ * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
+ assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
+ assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
+
+ agent_pid = fork();
+ if (agent_pid < 0) {
+ assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (agent_pid != 0) {
+ assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
+ *pid = agent_pid;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* In the child:
+ *
+ * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
+ if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+ /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
+ * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
+ * SIGTERM or so... */
+ (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+ (void) reset_signal_mask();
+
+ /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
+ * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
+ if (getppid() != parent_pid)
+ _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+
+ /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
+ close_all_fds(except, n_except);
+
+ stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
+ stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
+
+ if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
+ int fd;
+
+ /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
+ * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
+ * ensure that when systemctl is started via
+ * popen() or a similar call that expects to
+ * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
+ * not delay this indefinitely by because we
+ * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
+ fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (!stdout_is_tty)
+ dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+ if (!stderr_is_tty)
+ dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
+
+ if (fd > 2)
+ close(fd);
+ }
+
+ /* Count arguments */
+ va_start(ap, path);
+ for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
+ ;
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ /* Allocate strv */
+ l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
+
+ /* Fill in arguments */
+ va_start(ap, path);
+ for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
+ l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ execv(path, l);
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
+ struct rlimit highest, fixed;
+
+ assert(rlim);
+
+ if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (errno != EPERM)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
+ * to get as close as we can */
+ assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
+
+ fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
+ fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
+
+ if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
+ if (isempty(etag))
+ return false;
+
+ if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
+ return false;
+
+ if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+ const char *p;
+
+ if (isempty(url))
+ return false;
+
+ p = startswith(url, "http://");
+ if (!p)
+ p = startswith(url, "https://");
+ if (!p)
+ return false;
+
+ if (isempty(p))
+ return false;
+
+ return ascii_is_valid(p);
+}
+
+bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+ const char *p;
+
+ if (isempty(url))
+ return false;
+
+ if (http_url_is_valid(url))
+ return true;
+
+ p = startswith(url, "file:/");
+ if (!p)
+ p = startswith(url, "info:");
+ if (!p)
+ p = startswith(url, "man:");
+
+ if (isempty(p))
+ return false;
+
+ return ascii_is_valid(p);
+}
+
+bool in_initrd(void) {
+ static int saved = -1;
+ struct statfs s;
+
+ if (saved >= 0)
+ return saved;
+
+ /* We make two checks here:
+ *
+ * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
+ * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
+ *
+ * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
+ * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
+ * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
+ */
+
+ saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
+ statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
+ is_temporary_fs(&s);
+
+ return saved;
+}
+
+int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
+ struct passwd *p;
+ const char *e;
+ char *h;
+ uid_t u;
+
+ assert(_h);
+
+ /* Take the user specified one */
+ e = secure_getenv("HOME");
+ if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
+ h = strdup(e);
+ if (!h)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_h = h;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
+ u = getuid();
+ if (u == 0) {
+ h = strdup("/root");
+ if (!h)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_h = h;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Check the database... */
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwuid(u);
+ if (!p)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
+ if (!h)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_h = h;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_shell(char **_s) {
+ struct passwd *p;
+ const char *e;
+ char *s;
+ uid_t u;
+
+ assert(_s);
+
+ /* Take the user specified one */
+ e = getenv("SHELL");
+ if (e) {
+ s = strdup(e);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_s = s;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
+ u = getuid();
+ if (u == 0) {
+ s = strdup("/bin/sh");
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_s = s;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* Check the database... */
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwuid(u);
+ if (!p)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ *_s = s;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
+
+ if (isempty(p))
+ return false;
+
+ if (strchr(p, '/'))
+ return false;
+
+ if (streq(p, "."))
+ return false;
+
+ if (streq(p, ".."))
+ return false;
+
+ if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
+ const char *t;
+
+ if (!p)
+ return false;
+
+ for (t = p; *t; t++) {
+ if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
+ return false;
+
+ if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
+ * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
+ */
+bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
+ const char *t;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ for (t = p; *t; t++) {
+ if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
+ continue;
+
+ if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
+ return true;
+
+ if (*t == 127)
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
+
+ if (isempty(p))
+ return false;
+
+ if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
+ return false;
+
+ if (strlen(p)+1 > PATH_MAX)
+ return false;
+
+ /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
+ if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
+ return false;
+
+ if (strstr(p, "//"))
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+/* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
+void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+ int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
+ size_t l, u, idx;
+ const void *p;
+ int comparison;
+
+ l = 0;
+ u = nmemb;
+ while (l < u) {
+ idx = (l + u) / 2;
+ p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
+ comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
+ if (comparison < 0)
+ u = idx;
+ else if (comparison > 0)
+ l = idx + 1;
+ else
+ return (void *)p;
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+void init_gettext(void) {
+ setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+ textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
+}
+
+bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
+ const char *set;
+ static int cached_answer = -1;
+
+ if (cached_answer >= 0)
+ goto out;
+
+ if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
+ cached_answer = true;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+ if (!set) {
+ cached_answer = true;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
+ cached_answer = true;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
+ * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
+ set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+ if (!set) {
+ cached_answer = true;
+ goto out;
+ }
+
+ /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
+ * explicitly. */
+ cached_answer =
+ streq(set, "C") &&
+ !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
+ !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
+ !getenv("LANG");
+
+out:
+ return (bool) cached_answer;
+}
+
+const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
+ static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
+
+ /* UTF-8 */ {
+ [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
+ [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
+ [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
+ [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
+ [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
+ [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
+ [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
+ [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
+ },
+
+ /* ASCII fallback */ {
+ [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
+ [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
+ [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
+ [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
+ [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
+ [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
+ [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
+ [DRAW_DASH] = "-",
+ }
+ };
+
+ return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
+}
+
+char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
+ const char *f;
+ char *t, *r;
+ size_t l, old_len, new_len;
+
+ assert(text);
+ assert(old_string);
+ assert(new_string);
+
+ old_len = strlen(old_string);
+ new_len = strlen(new_string);
+
+ l = strlen(text);
+ r = new(char, l+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ f = text;
+ t = r;
+ while (*f) {
+ char *a;
+ size_t d, nl;
+
+ if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
+ *(t++) = *(f++);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ d = t - r;
+ nl = l - old_len + new_len;
+ a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
+ if (!a)
+ goto oom;
+
+ l = nl;
+ r = a;
+ t = r + d;
+
+ t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
+ f += old_len;
+ }
+
+ *t = 0;
+ return r;
+
+oom:
+ free(r);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
+ const char *i, *begin = NULL;
+ enum {
+ STATE_OTHER,
+ STATE_ESCAPE,
+ STATE_BRACKET
+ } state = STATE_OTHER;
+ char *obuf = NULL;
+ size_t osz = 0, isz;
+ FILE *f;
+
+ assert(ibuf);
+ assert(*ibuf);
+
+ /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
+
+ isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
+
+ f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
+ if (!f)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
+
+ switch (state) {
+
+ case STATE_OTHER:
+ if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
+ break;
+ else if (*i == '\x1B')
+ state = STATE_ESCAPE;
+ else if (*i == '\t')
+ fputs(" ", f);
+ else
+ fputc(*i, f);
+ break;
+
+ case STATE_ESCAPE:
+ if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
+ fputc('\x1B', f);
+ break;
+ } else if (*i == '[') {
+ state = STATE_BRACKET;
+ begin = i + 1;
+ } else {
+ fputc('\x1B', f);
+ fputc(*i, f);
+ state = STATE_OTHER;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case STATE_BRACKET:
+
+ if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
+ (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
+ fputc('\x1B', f);
+ fputc('[', f);
+ state = STATE_OTHER;
+ i = begin-1;
+ } else if (*i == 'm')
+ state = STATE_OTHER;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (ferror(f)) {
+ fclose(f);
+ free(obuf);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ fclose(f);
+
+ free(*ibuf);
+ *ibuf = obuf;
+
+ if (_isz)
+ *_isz = osz;
+
+ return obuf;
+}
+
+int on_ac_power(void) {
+ bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+
+ d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
+ if (!d)
+ return errno == ENOENT ? true : -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ struct dirent *de;
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
+ char contents[6];
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ de = readdir(d);
+ if (!de && errno != 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (!de)
+ break;
+
+ if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
+ continue;
+
+ device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+ if (device < 0) {
+ if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
+ continue;
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ if (errno == ENOENT)
+ continue;
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
+ if (n < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
+ continue;
+
+ safe_close(fd);
+ fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ if (errno == ENOENT)
+ continue;
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
+ if (n < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
+ return -EIO;
+
+ if (contents[0] == '1') {
+ found_online = true;
+ break;
+ } else if (contents[0] == '0')
+ found_offline = true;
+ else
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
+ return found_online || !found_offline;
+}
+
+static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
+ char **i;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(mode);
+ assert(_f);
+
+ if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+ FILE *f;
+
+ if (root)
+ p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
+ else
+ p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
+ if (!p)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ f = fopen(p, mode);
+ if (f) {
+ *_f = f;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (errno != ENOENT)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(mode);
+ assert(_f);
+
+ if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
+ FILE *f;
+
+ f = fopen(path, mode);
+ if (f) {
+ *_f = f;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
+ if (!copy)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
+
+ if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
+ FILE *f;
+
+ f = fopen(path, mode);
+ if (f) {
+ *_f = f;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
+}
+
+char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
+ va_list ap;
+ size_t f, l;
+ char *r, *p;
+
+ assert(x);
+
+ l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+ size_t n;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ n = strlen(t);
+ if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
+ va_end(ap);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ l += n;
+ }
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ r = realloc(*x, l+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ p = r + f;
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ p = stpcpy(p, t);
+ }
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ *p = 0;
+ *x = r;
+
+ return r + l;
+}
+
+char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
+ size_t l;
+ char *r, *p;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ assert(s);
+
+ l = strlen(s);
+ p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+ p = stpcpy(p, s);
+
+ *p = 0;
+ return r;
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
+ size_t a, newalloc;
+ void *q;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(allocated);
+
+ if (*allocated >= need)
+ return *p;
+
+ newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
+ a = newalloc * size;
+
+ /* check for overflows */
+ if (a < size * need)
+ return NULL;
+
+ q = realloc(*p, a);
+ if (!q)
+ return NULL;
+
+ *p = q;
+ *allocated = newalloc;
+ return q;
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
+ size_t prev;
+ uint8_t *q;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(allocated);
+
+ prev = *allocated;
+
+ q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
+ if (!q)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (*allocated > prev)
+ memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
+
+ return q;
+}
+
+bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
+ size_t i, l;
+
+ l = strlen(s);
+ if (l == 32) {
+
+ /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
+
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+ char c = s[i];
+
+ if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
+ !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
+ !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ } else if (l == 36) {
+
+ /* Formatted UUID */
+
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+ char c = s[i];
+
+ if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
+ if (c != '-')
+ return false;
+ } else {
+ if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
+ !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
+ !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ } else
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
+ char *x, *a, *b;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(sep);
+ assert(l);
+ assert(r);
+
+ if (isempty(sep))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ x = strstr(s, sep);
+ if (!x)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ a = strndup(s, x - s);
+ if (!a)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
+ if (!b) {
+ free(a);
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+
+ *l = a;
+ *r = b;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int shall_restore_state(void) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (r == 0)
+ return true;
+
+ return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
+}
+
+int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
+ assert(ret);
+
+ if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
+ return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
+ else
+ return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
+}
+
+int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+ const char *p;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(parse_item);
+
+ r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ p = line;
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+ char *value = NULL;
+
+ r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (r == 0)
+ break;
+
+ /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
+ * initrd */
+ if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
+ continue;
+
+ value = strchr(word, '=');
+ if (value)
+ *(value++) = 0;
+
+ r = parse_item(word, value);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
+ bool found = false;
+ const char *p;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(key);
+
+ r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ p = line;
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+ const char *e;
+
+ r = unquote_first_word(&p, &word, UNQUOTE_RELAX);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (r == 0)
+ break;
+
+ /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
+ * initrd */
+ if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
+ continue;
+
+ if (value) {
+ e = startswith(word, key);
+ if (!e)
+ continue;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ found = true;
+ } else {
+ if (streq(word, key))
+ found = true;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (value) {
+ *value = ret;
+ ret = NULL;
+ }
+
+ return found;
+
+}
+
+int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
+ const char *p;
+ pid_t leader;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(machine);
+ assert(pid);
+
+ p = strjoina("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
+ r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
+ if (r == -ENOENT)
+ return -EHOSTDOWN;
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (!s)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (leader <= 1)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ *pid = leader;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
+ int rfd = -1;
+
+ assert(pid >= 0);
+
+ if (mntns_fd) {
+ const char *mntns;
+
+ mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
+ mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (mntnsfd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (pidns_fd) {
+ const char *pidns;
+
+ pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
+ pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (pidnsfd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (netns_fd) {
+ const char *netns;
+
+ netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
+ netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (netnsfd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (root_fd) {
+ const char *root;
+
+ root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
+ rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
+ if (rfd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (pidns_fd)
+ *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
+
+ if (mntns_fd)
+ *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
+
+ if (netns_fd)
+ *netns_fd = netnsfd;
+
+ if (root_fd)
+ *root_fd = rfd;
+
+ pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
+
+ if (pidns_fd >= 0)
+ if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (mntns_fd >= 0)
+ if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (netns_fd >= 0)
+ if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (root_fd >= 0) {
+ if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (chroot(".") < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return reset_uid_gid();
+}
+
+int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
+ socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
+ struct ucred u;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(ucred);
+
+ r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
+ * to namespacing issues */
+ if (u.pid <= 0)
+ return -ENODATA;
+ if (u.uid == UID_INVALID)
+ return -ENODATA;
+ if (u.gid == GID_INVALID)
+ return -ENODATA;
+
+ *ucred = u;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
+ socklen_t n = 64;
+ char *s;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ s = new0(char, n);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ free(s);
+
+ if (errno != ERANGE)
+ return -errno;
+
+ s = new0(char, n);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ free(s);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (isempty(s)) {
+ free(s);
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+ }
+
+ *ret = s;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
+int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
+ _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
+ int fd;
+
+ assert(pattern);
+
+ u = umask(077);
+
+ fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return fd;
+}
+
+int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
+ char *p;
+ int fd;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+#ifdef O_TMPFILE
+ /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
+ fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+ if (fd >= 0)
+ return fd;
+#endif
+
+ /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
+ p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
+
+ fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return fd;
+
+ unlink(p);
+ return fd;
+}
+
+int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (st.st_mode & 0111)
+ log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+ if (st.st_mode & 0002)
+ log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+ if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
+ log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
+
+ /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
+ * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
+ * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
+ * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
+ * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
+ * used by libseccomp. */
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+
+ if (streq(p, "x86"))
+ return PER_LINUX32;
+
+ if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
+ return PER_LINUX;
+
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+
+ if (streq(p, "x86"))
+ return PER_LINUX;
+#endif
+
+ return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+}
+
+const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+
+ if (p == PER_LINUX32)
+ return "x86";
+
+ if (p == PER_LINUX)
+ return "x86-64";
+
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+
+ if (p == PER_LINUX)
+ return "x86";
+#endif
+
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
+ long mem;
+
+ /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
+ * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
+
+ mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+ assert(mem > 0);
+
+ return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
+}
+
+void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
+ const uint8_t *b = p;
+ unsigned n = 0;
+
+ assert(s == 0 || b);
+
+ while (s > 0) {
+ size_t i;
+
+ fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+ if (i >= s)
+ fputs(" ", f);
+ else
+ fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
+
+ if (i == 7)
+ fputc(' ', f);
+ }
+
+ fputc(' ', f);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+ if (i >= s)
+ fputc(' ', f);
+ else
+ fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
+ }
+
+ fputc('\n', f);
+
+ if (s < 16)
+ break;
+
+ n += 16;
+ b += 16;
+ s -= 16;
+ }
+}
+
+int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
+ int r = 0;
+
+ if (param) {
+
+ r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
+ if (r < 0)
+ log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
+ REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
+ } else
+ unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
+ bool again;
+ int n = 0, r;
+
+ /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
+ * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
+ * unmounting them until they are gone. */
+
+ do {
+ _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
+
+ again = false;
+ r = 0;
+
+ proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
+ if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
+ int k;
+
+ k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
+ "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
+ "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
+ "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
+ "%*s " /* (4) root */
+ "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
+ "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
+ "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
+ "- " /* (8) separator */
+ "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
+ "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
+ "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
+ "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
+ &path);
+ if (k != 1) {
+ if (k == EOF)
+ break;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
+ continue;
+
+ if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ again = true;
+ n++;
+
+ break;
+ }
+
+ } while (again);
+
+ return r ? r : n;
+}
+
+static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
+ struct statvfs buf;
+
+ if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ *flags = buf.f_flag;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
+ * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
+ * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
+ * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
+ * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
+ * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
+ * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
+ * the same mount point we only care for each individual
+ * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
+ * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
+ * have any effect on future submounts that might get
+ * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
+ * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
+
+ cleaned = strdup(prefix);
+ if (!cleaned)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
+
+ done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!done)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
+ bool top_autofs = false;
+ char *x;
+ unsigned long orig_flags;
+
+ todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!todo)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
+ if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
+ int k;
+
+ k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
+ "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
+ "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
+ "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
+ "%*s " /* (4) root */
+ "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
+ "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
+ "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
+ "- " /* (8) separator */
+ "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
+ "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
+ "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
+ "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
+ &path,
+ &type);
+ if (k != 2) {
+ if (k == EOF)
+ break;
+
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
+ * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
+ * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
+ * future submounts anyway. If they are
+ * already triggered, then we will find
+ * another entry for this. */
+ if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
+ top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
+ !set_contains(done, p)) {
+
+ r = set_consume(todo, p);
+ p = NULL;
+
+ if (r == -EEXIST)
+ continue;
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
+ * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
+ * are done */
+ if (set_isempty(todo) &&
+ (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
+ !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
+ /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
+ * mount, make it one. */
+ if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ orig_flags = 0;
+ (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
+ orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
+
+ if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ x = strdup(cleaned);
+ if (!x)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = set_consume(done, x);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
+
+ r = set_consume(done, x);
+ if (r == -EEXIST || r == 0)
+ continue;
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
+ * don't care for errors, in case of
+ * obstructed mounts */
+ orig_flags = 0;
+ (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
+ orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
+
+ if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
+
+ /* Deal with mount points that are
+ * obstructed by a later mount */
+
+ if (errno != ENOENT)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
+ assert(f);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ fflush(f);
+
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, char **ret) {
+ const char *fn;
+ char *t;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /*
+ * Turns this:
+ * /foo/bar/waldo
+ *
+ * Into this:
+ * /foo/bar/.#waldoXXXXXX
+ */
+
+ fn = basename(p);
+ if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 6 + 1);
+ if (!t)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn), "XXXXXX");
+
+ *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_random(const char *p, char **ret) {
+ const char *fn;
+ char *t, *x;
+ uint64_t u;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /*
+ * Turns this:
+ * /foo/bar/waldo
+ *
+ * Into this:
+ * /foo/bar/.#waldobaa2a261115984a9
+ */
+
+ fn = basename(p);
+ if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + 16 + 1);
+ if (!t)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), fn);
+
+ u = random_u64();
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+ *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
+ u >>= 4;
+ }
+
+ *x = 0;
+
+ *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, char **ret) {
+ char *t, *x;
+ uint64_t u;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* Turns this:
+ * /foo/bar/waldo
+ * Into this:
+ * /foo/bar/waldo/.#3c2b6219aa75d7d0
+ */
+
+ t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + 16 + 1);
+ if (!t)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ x = stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#");
+
+ u = random_u64();
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+ *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
+ u >>= 4;
+ }
+
+ *x = 0;
+
+ *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
+
+ struct flock flock = {
+ .l_type = F_WRLCK,
+ .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
+ .l_start = 0,
+ .l_len = 0,
+ };
+
+ const char *path;
+ int fd, r;
+
+ /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
+ * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
+ * our own trivial version of this.
+ *
+ * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
+ * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
+ * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
+ * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
+ * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
+
+ if (root)
+ path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
+ else
+ path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
+
+ fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ safe_close(fd);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return fd;
+}
+
+int is_symlink(const char *path) {
+ struct stat info;
+
+ if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
+ struct stat st;
+ int r;
+
+ if (follow)
+ r = stat(path, &st);
+ else
+ r = lstat(path, &st);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_device_node(const char *path) {
+ struct stat info;
+
+ if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return !!(S_ISBLK(info.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(info.st_mode));
+}
+
+int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret, UnquoteFlags flags) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+ size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
+ int r;
+
+ enum {
+ START,
+ VALUE,
+ VALUE_ESCAPE,
+ SINGLE_QUOTE,
+ SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
+ DOUBLE_QUOTE,
+ DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
+ SPACE,
+ } state = START;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(*p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
+ * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
+ * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
+ * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
+
+ for (;;) {
+ char c = **p;
+
+ switch (state) {
+
+ case START:
+ if (c == 0)
+ goto finish;
+ else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
+ break;
+
+ state = VALUE;
+ /* fallthrough */
+
+ case VALUE:
+ if (c == 0)
+ goto finish;
+ else if (c == '\'')
+ state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
+ else if (c == '\"')
+ state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
+ else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
+ state = SPACE;
+ else {
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ s[sz++] = c;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case VALUE_ESCAPE:
+ if (c == 0) {
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
+ goto finish;
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+7))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+ uint32_t u;
+
+ r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c, &u);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ (*p) += r - 1;
+
+ if (c != 0)
+ s[sz++] = c; /* normal explicit char */
+ else
+ sz += utf8_encode_unichar(s + sz, u); /* unicode chars we'll encode as utf8 */
+ } else
+ s[sz++] = c;
+
+ state = VALUE;
+ break;
+
+ case SINGLE_QUOTE:
+ if (c == 0) {
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
+ goto finish;
+ return -EINVAL;
+ } else if (c == '\'')
+ state = VALUE;
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
+ else {
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ s[sz++] = c;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
+ if (c == 0) {
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
+ goto finish;
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+7))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+ uint32_t u;
+
+ r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c, &u);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ (*p) += r - 1;
+
+ if (c != 0)
+ s[sz++] = c;
+ else
+ sz += utf8_encode_unichar(s + sz, u);
+ } else
+ s[sz++] = c;
+
+ state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
+ break;
+
+ case DOUBLE_QUOTE:
+ if (c == 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ else if (c == '\"')
+ state = VALUE;
+ else if (c == '\\')
+ state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
+ else {
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ s[sz++] = c;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
+ if (c == 0) {
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_RELAX)
+ goto finish;
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+7))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (flags & UNQUOTE_CUNESCAPE) {
+ uint32_t u;
+
+ r = cunescape_one(*p, (size_t) -1, &c, &u);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ (*p) += r - 1;
+
+ if (c != 0)
+ s[sz++] = c;
+ else
+ sz += utf8_encode_unichar(s + sz, u);
+ } else
+ s[sz++] = c;
+
+ state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
+ break;
+
+ case SPACE:
+ if (c == 0)
+ goto finish;
+ if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
+ goto finish;
+
+ break;
+ }
+
+ (*p) ++;
+ }
+
+finish:
+ if (!s) {
+ *ret = NULL;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ s[sz] = 0;
+ *ret = s;
+ s = NULL;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int unquote_many_words(const char **p, UnquoteFlags flags, ...) {
+ va_list ap;
+ char **l;
+ int n = 0, i, c, r;
+
+ /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
+ * quotes if necessary. */
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ /* Count how many words are expected */
+ va_start(ap, flags);
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
+ break;
+ n++;
+ }
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ if (n <= 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Read all words into a temporary array */
+ l = newa0(char*, n);
+ for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
+
+ r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c], flags);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ int j;
+
+ for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
+ free(l[j]);
+
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
+ * in parameters */
+ va_start(ap, flags);
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ char **v;
+
+ v = va_arg(ap, char **);
+ assert(v);
+
+ *v = l[i];
+ }
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ return c;
+}
+
+int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
+ char *t;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
+ * possibly freeing the old one. */
+
+ if (streq_ptr(*p, s))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (s) {
+ t = strdup(s);
+ if (!t)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ } else
+ t = NULL;
+
+ free(*p);
+ *p = t;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int ptsname_malloc(int fd, char **ret) {
+ size_t l = 100;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ char *c;
+
+ c = new(char, l);
+ if (!c)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (ptsname_r(fd, c, l) == 0) {
+ *ret = c;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (errno != ERANGE) {
+ free(c);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ free(c);
+ l *= 2;
+ }
+}
+
+int openpt_in_namespace(pid_t pid, int flags) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, rootfd = -1;
+ _cleanup_close_pair_ int pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+ union {
+ struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
+ uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+ } control = {};
+ struct msghdr mh = {
+ .msg_control = &control,
+ .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
+ };
+ struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+ siginfo_t si;
+ pid_t child;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(pid > 0);
+
+ r = namespace_open(pid, &pidnsfd, &mntnsfd, NULL, &rootfd);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, pair) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ child = fork();
+ if (child < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (child == 0) {
+ int master;
+
+ pair[0] = safe_close(pair[0]);
+
+ r = namespace_enter(pidnsfd, mntnsfd, -1, rootfd);
+ if (r < 0)
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+ master = posix_openpt(flags);
+ if (master < 0)
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+ cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
+ cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+ cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+ cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+ memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &master, sizeof(int));
+
+ mh.msg_controllen = cmsg->cmsg_len;
+
+ if (sendmsg(pair[1], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
+ _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+ _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ pair[1] = safe_close(pair[1]);
+
+ r = wait_for_terminate(child, &si);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED || si.si_status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ if (recvmsg(pair[0], &mh, MSG_NOSIGNAL|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, &mh)
+ if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
+ int *fds;
+ unsigned n_fds;
+
+ fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+ n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
+
+ if (n_fds != 1) {
+ close_many(fds, n_fds);
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
+ return fds[0];
+ }
+
+ return -EIO;
+}
+
+ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+ ssize_t l;
+
+ /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
+
+ fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOATIME|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ l = fgetxattr(fd, attribute, value, size);
+ if (l < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return l;
+}
+
+static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
+ uint64_t u;
+
+ assert(usec);
+
+ u = le64toh(le);
+ if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ *usec = (usec_t) u;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
+ le64_t le;
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+ assert(usec);
+
+ /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
+ * let's fake one with xattrs */
+
+ n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
+ if (n < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (n != sizeof(le))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
+ le64_t le;
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
+ if (n < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (n != sizeof(le))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
+ le64_t le;
+ ssize_t n;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(usec);
+
+ n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
+ if (n < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (n != sizeof(le))
+ return -EIO;
+
+ return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
+ le64_t le;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (usec <= 0)
+ usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+ le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
+ if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int same_fd(int a, int b) {
+ struct stat sta, stb;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int r, fa, fb;
+
+ assert(a >= 0);
+ assert(b >= 0);
+
+ /* Compares two file descriptors. Note that semantics are
+ * quite different depending on whether we have kcmp() or we
+ * don't. If we have kcmp() this will only return true for
+ * dup()ed file descriptors, but not otherwise. If we don't
+ * have kcmp() this will also return true for two fds of the same
+ * file, created by separate open() calls. Since we use this
+ * call mostly for filtering out duplicates in the fd store
+ * this difference hopefully doesn't matter too much. */
+
+ if (a == b)
+ return true;
+
+ /* Try to use kcmp() if we have it. */
+ pid = getpid();
+ r = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, a, b);
+ if (r == 0)
+ return true;
+ if (r > 0)
+ return false;
+ if (errno != ENOSYS)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* We don't have kcmp(), use fstat() instead. */
+ if (fstat(a, &sta) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (fstat(b, &stb) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if ((sta.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (stb.st_mode & S_IFMT))
+ return false;
+
+ /* We consider all device fds different, since two device fds
+ * might refer to quite different device contexts even though
+ * they share the same inode and backing dev_t. */
+
+ if (S_ISCHR(sta.st_mode) || S_ISBLK(sta.st_mode))
+ return false;
+
+ if (sta.st_dev != stb.st_dev || sta.st_ino != stb.st_ino)
+ return false;
+
+ /* The fds refer to the same inode on disk, let's also check
+ * if they have the same fd flags. This is useful to
+ * distinguish the read and write side of a pipe created with
+ * pipe(). */
+ fa = fcntl(a, F_GETFL);
+ if (fa < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ fb = fcntl(b, F_GETFL);
+ if (fb < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return fa == fb;
+}
+
+int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
+ unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* Explicitly check whether this is a regular file or
+ * directory. If it is anything else (such as a device node or
+ * fifo), then the ioctl will not hit the file systems but
+ * possibly drivers, where the ioctl might have different
+ * effects. Notably, DRM is using the same ioctl() number. */
+
+ if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+ return -ENOTTY;
+
+ if (mask == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
+ if (new_attr == old_attr)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ if (mask == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return chattr_fd(fd, value, mask);
+}
+
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+ return -ENOTTY;
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
+}
+
+static size_t nul_length(const uint8_t *p, size_t sz) {
+ size_t n = 0;
+
+ while (sz > 0) {
+ if (*p != 0)
+ break;
+
+ n++;
+ p++;
+ sz--;
+ }
+
+ return n;
+}
+
+ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length) {
+ const uint8_t *q, *w, *e;
+ ssize_t l;
+
+ q = w = p;
+ e = q + sz;
+ while (q < e) {
+ size_t n;
+
+ n = nul_length(q, e - q);
+
+ /* If there are more than the specified run length of
+ * NUL bytes, or if this is the beginning or the end
+ * of the buffer, then seek instead of write */
+ if ((n > run_length) ||
+ (n > 0 && q == p) ||
+ (n > 0 && q + n >= e)) {
+ if (q > w) {
+ l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+ if (l < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (l != q -w)
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
+ if (lseek(fd, n, SEEK_CUR) == (off_t) -1)
+ return -errno;
+
+ q += n;
+ w = q;
+ } else if (n > 0)
+ q += n;
+ else
+ q ++;
+ }
+
+ if (q > w) {
+ l = write(fd, w, q - w);
+ if (l < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (l != q - w)
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+
+ return q - (const uint8_t*) p;
+}
+
+void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid) {
+ if (!pid)
+ return;
+ if (*pid <= 1)
+ return;
+
+ if (kill(*pid, SIGKILL) > 0)
+ (void) wait_for_terminate(*pid, NULL);
+}
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
+ int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
+ int k;
+
+ assert(p);
+ assert(*p);
+ assert(priority);
+
+ if ((*p)[0] != '<')
+ return 0;
+
+ if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
+ return 0;
+
+ if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
+ c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+ k = 3;
+ } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
+ b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+ c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+ k = 4;
+ } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
+ a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+ b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+ c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
+ k = 5;
+ } else
+ return 0;
+
+ if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
+ (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
+ return 0;
+
+ if (with_facility)
+ *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
+ else
+ *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
+
+ *p += k;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
+ size_t i;
+
+ if (!key)
+ return -1;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+ if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
+ return (ssize_t)i;
+
+ return -1;
+}
+
+void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
+ struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+ assert(mh);
+
+ CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)
+ if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
+ close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
+}
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
+ struct stat buf;
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
+ if (ret >= 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ /* Even though renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added
+ * support for it later. If it is not implemented, fallback to another
+ * method. */
+ if (errno != EINVAL)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
+ * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
+ * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
+ * good enough. */
+ ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+ if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
+ ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
+ return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
+ }
+
+ /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
+ ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
+ if (ret < 0) {
+ /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
+ ret = errno;
+ (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+ errno = ret;
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char *shell_maybe_quote(const char *s) {
+ const char *p;
+ char *r, *t;
+
+ assert(s);
+
+ /* Encloses a string in double quotes if necessary to make it
+ * OK as shell string. */
+
+ for (p = s; *p; p++)
+ if (*p <= ' ' ||
+ *p >= 127 ||
+ strchr(SHELL_NEED_QUOTES, *p))
+ break;
+
+ if (!*p)
+ return strdup(s);
+
+ r = new(char, 1+strlen(s)*2+1+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ t = r;
+ *(t++) = '"';
+ t = mempcpy(t, s, p - s);
+
+ for (; *p; p++) {
+
+ if (strchr(SHELL_NEED_ESCAPE, *p))
+ *(t++) = '\\';
+
+ *(t++) = *p;
+ }
+
+ *(t++)= '"';
+ *t = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret) {
+ char *x;
+ long l;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(ret);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ l = strtol(s, &x, 8);
+ if (errno != 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (!x || x == s || *x)
+ return -EINVAL;
+ if (l < 0 || l > 07777)
+ return -ERANGE;
+
+ *ret = (mode_t) l;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int mount_move_root(const char *path) {
+ assert(path);
+
+ if (chdir(path) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (mount(path, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (chroot(".") < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (chdir("/") < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int reset_uid_gid(void) {
+
+ if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}