Merge pull request #1691 from poettering/util-lib-3

split up util.h and macro.h into even more bits

95 files changed, 5366 insertions, 4471 deletions

diff --git a/src/basic/alloc-util.c b/src/basic/alloc-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48183e381f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/alloc-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        void *r;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        r = malloc(l);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        memcpy(r, p, l);
+        return r;
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
+        size_t a, newalloc;
+        void *q;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(allocated);
+
+        if (*allocated >= need)
+                return *p;
+
+        newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
+        a = newalloc * size;
+
+        /* check for overflows */
+        if (a < size * need)
+                return NULL;
+
+        q = realloc(*p, a);
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        *p = q;
+        *allocated = newalloc;
+        return q;
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
+        size_t prev;
+        uint8_t *q;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(allocated);
+
+        prev = *allocated;
+
+        q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
+        if (!q)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (*allocated > prev)
+                memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
+
+        return q;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/alloc-util.h b/src/basic/alloc-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12b602e185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/alloc-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <alloca.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply(sizeof(t), (n)))
+
+#define new0(t, n) ((t*) calloc((n), sizeof(t)))
+
+#define newa(t, n) ((t*) alloca(sizeof(t)*(n)))
+
+#define newa0(t, n) ((t*) alloca0(sizeof(t)*(n)))
+
+#define newdup(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_multiply(p, sizeof(t), (n)))
+
+#define malloc0(n) (calloc(1, (n)))
+
+static inline void *mfree(void *memory) {
+        free(memory);
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) _alloc_(2);
+
+static inline void freep(void *p) {
+        free(*(void**) p);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
+
+_malloc_  _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
+        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return malloc(a * b);
+}
+
+_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *realloc_multiply(void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
+        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return realloc(p, a * b);
+}
+
+_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
+        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
+                return NULL;
+
+        return memdup(p, a * b);
+}
+
+void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
+void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
+
+#define GREEDY_REALLOC(array, allocated, need)                          \
+        greedy_realloc((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define GREEDY_REALLOC0(array, allocated, need)                         \
+        greedy_realloc0((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
+
+#define alloca0(n)                                      \
+        ({                                              \
+                char *_new_;                            \
+                size_t _len_ = n;                       \
+                _new_ = alloca(_len_);                  \
+                (void *) memset(_new_, 0, _len_);       \
+        })
+
+/* It's not clear what alignment glibc/gcc alloca() guarantee, hence provide a guaranteed safe version */
+#define alloca_align(size, align)                                       \
+        ({                                                              \
+                void *_ptr_;                                            \
+                size_t _mask_ = (align) - 1;                            \
+                _ptr_ = alloca((size) + _mask_);                        \
+                (void*)(((uintptr_t)_ptr_ + _mask_) & ~_mask_);         \
+        })
+
+#define alloca0_align(size, align)                                      \
+        ({                                                              \
+                void *_new_;                                            \
+                size_t _size_ = (size);                                 \
+                _new_ = alloca_align(_size_, (align));                  \
+                (void*)memset(_new_, 0, _size_);                        \
+        })
diff --git a/src/basic/audit.c b/src/basic/audit-util.c
index c9b762151a..4612297334 100644
--- a/src/basic/audit.c
+++ b/src/basic/audit-util.c
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include "audit.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "audit-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/audit.h b/src/basic/audit-util.h
index 6de331c73e..6de331c73e 100644
--- a/src/basic/audit.h
+++ b/src/basic/audit-util.h
diff --git a/src/basic/bitmap.c b/src/basic/bitmap.c
index 2eabf3e1c1..1449e2ea85 100644
--- a/src/basic/bitmap.c
+++ b/src/basic/bitmap.c
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include "util.h"
-
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bitmap.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 struct Bitmap {
         uint64_t *bitmaps;
diff --git a/src/basic/btrfs-util.c b/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
index f799f8dcc2..4c90bc0c80 100644
--- a/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/btrfs-util.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <linux/btrfs.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "btrfs-ctree.h"
 #include "btrfs-util.h"
 #include "copy.h"
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "selinux-util.h"
 #include "smack-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -60,13 +62,13 @@ static int validate_subvolume_name(const char *name) {
 
 static int open_parent(const char *path, int flags) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
-        int r, fd;
+        int fd;
 
         assert(path);
 
-        r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
+        parent = dirname_malloc(path);
+        if (!parent)
+                return -ENOMEM;
 
         fd = open(parent, flags);
         if (fd < 0)
diff --git a/src/basic/bus-label.c b/src/basic/bus-label.c
index ccc9f2bf8e..c1534657ac 100644
--- a/src/basic/bus-label.c
+++ b/src/basic/bus-label.c
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
-#include "macro.h"
-
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bus-label.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 char *bus_label_escape(const char *s) {
         char *r, *t;
diff --git a/src/basic/calendarspec.c b/src/basic/calendarspec.c
index 50328e4187..a6a906f453 100644
--- a/src/basic/calendarspec.c
+++ b/src/basic/calendarspec.c
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "calendarspec.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
 
 #define BITS_WEEKDAYS   127
 
diff --git a/src/basic/cap-list.c b/src/basic/cap-list.c
index bd5bffbfa5..4d391510bc 100644
--- a/src/basic/cap-list.c
+++ b/src/basic/cap-list.c
@@ -21,9 +21,10 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
 #include "cap-list.h"
 #include "missing.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 static const struct capability_name* lookup_capability(register const char *str, register unsigned int len);
 
diff --git a/src/basic/capability.c b/src/basic/capability-util.c
index 6f25b5dee9..4479200306 100644
--- a/src/basic/capability.c
+++ b/src/basic/capability-util.c
@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "capability.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
diff --git a/src/basic/capability.h b/src/basic/capability-util.h
index 4eb5c2a835..4eb5c2a835 100644
--- a/src/basic/capability.h
+++ b/src/basic/capability-util.h
diff --git a/src/basic/cgroup-util.c b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
index 4af991200c..f7fc2c2c97 100644
--- a/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/cgroup-util.c
@@ -29,18 +29,25 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "extract-word.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "formats-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "login-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "set.h"
 #include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "unit-name.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/chattr-util.c b/src/basic/chattr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d49ca0537a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chattr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+#include "chattr-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
+        unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* Explicitly check whether this is a regular file or
+         * directory. If it is anything else (such as a device node or
+         * fifo), then the ioctl will not hit the file systems but
+         * possibly drivers, where the ioctl might have different
+         * effects. Notably, DRM is using the same ioctl() number. */
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return -ENOTTY;
+
+        if (mask == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
+        if (new_attr == old_attr)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        if (mask == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return chattr_fd(fd, value, mask);
+}
+
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
+                return -ENOTTY;
+
+        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/chattr-util.h b/src/basic/chattr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ba6b8eb5c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/chattr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
+int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
+
+int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret);
+int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/conf-files.c b/src/basic/conf-files.c
index 3af3fe392c..be9972ffff 100644
--- a/src/basic/conf-files.c
+++ b/src/basic/conf-files.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include "conf-files.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "log.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/copy.c b/src/basic/copy.c
index 9f274c4d51..a187ae08fe 100644
--- a/src/basic/copy.c
+++ b/src/basic/copy.c
@@ -22,13 +22,20 @@
 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/xattr.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "btrfs-util.h"
+#include "chattr-util.h"
 #include "copy.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "io-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
 
 #define COPY_BUFFER_SIZE (16*1024)
 
diff --git a/src/basic/cpu-set-util.c b/src/basic/cpu-set-util.c
index 5e064d854f..9122ea5d48 100644
--- a/src/basic/cpu-set-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/cpu-set-util.c
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "cpu-set-util.h"
 #include "extract-word.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
-#include "cpu-set-util.h"
 
 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
         cpu_set_t *c;
diff --git a/src/basic/device-nodes.h b/src/basic/device-nodes.h
index 04ba4897e5..7db81f3d52 100644
--- a/src/basic/device-nodes.h
+++ b/src/basic/device-nodes.h
@@ -21,5 +21,7 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
 int encode_devnode_name(const char *str, char *str_enc, size_t len);
 int whitelisted_char_for_devnode(char c, const char *additional);
diff --git a/src/basic/dirent-util.c b/src/basic/dirent-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c433d5844a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/dirent-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(d);
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        de->d_type =
+                S_ISREG(st.st_mode)  ? DT_REG  :
+                S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)  ? DT_DIR  :
+                S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)  ? DT_LNK  :
+                S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
+                S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
+                S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)  ? DT_CHR  :
+                S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)  ? DT_BLK  :
+                                       DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
+                return false;
+
+        if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+            de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+            de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
+        assert(de);
+
+        if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+            de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+            de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+                return false;
+
+        if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
+                return false;
+
+        return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/dirent-util.h b/src/basic/dirent-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5866a755f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/dirent-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#include "path-util.h"
+
+int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de);
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;
+
+#define FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, on_error)                                 \
+        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
+                if (!de) {                                              \
+                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
+                                on_error;                               \
+                        }                                               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                } else if (hidden_file((de)->d_name))                   \
+                        continue;                                       \
+                else
+
+#define FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error)                             \
+        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
+                if (!de) {                                              \
+                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
+                                on_error;                               \
+                        }                                               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                } else
diff --git a/src/basic/env-util.c b/src/basic/env-util.c
index a392af737c..94cb251698 100644
--- a/src/basic/env-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/env-util.c
@@ -22,12 +22,13 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "def.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
-#include "env-util.h"
 
 #define VALID_CHARS_ENV_NAME                    \
         DIGITS LETTERS                          \
diff --git a/src/basic/escape.c b/src/basic/escape.c
index cf05ce10ef..add0d7795b 100644
--- a/src/basic/escape.c
+++ b/src/basic/escape.c
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#include "escape.h"
-
 size_t cescape_char(char c, char *buf) {
         char * buf_old = buf;
 
diff --git a/src/basic/extract-word.c b/src/basic/extract-word.c
index f2b74802fa..c0f9394fad 100644
--- a/src/basic/extract-word.c
+++ b/src/basic/extract-word.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/fd-util.c b/src/basic/fd-util.c
index e54c104597..d1b1db3a4d 100644
--- a/src/basic/fd-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/fd-util.c
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 int close_nointr(int fd) {
@@ -319,3 +322,30 @@ void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh) {
                 if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET && cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS)
                         close_many((int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg), (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int));
 }
+
+bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        /* Validates a name for $LISTEN_FDNAMES. We basically allow
+         * everything ASCII that's not a control character. Also, as
+         * special exception the ":" character is not allowed, as we
+         * use that as field separator in $LISTEN_FDNAMES.
+         *
+         * Note that the empty string is explicitly allowed
+         * here. However, we limit the length of the names to 255
+         * characters. */
+
+        if (!s)
+                return false;
+
+        for (p = s; *p; p++) {
+                if (*p < ' ')
+                        return false;
+                if (*p >= 127)
+                        return false;
+                if (*p == ':')
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return p - s < 256;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fd-util.h b/src/basic/fd-util.h
index be00d881c3..1ca10f0383 100644
--- a/src/basic/fd-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/fd-util.h
@@ -67,3 +67,5 @@ int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except);
 int same_fd(int a, int b);
 
 void cmsg_close_all(struct msghdr *mh);
+
+bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s);
diff --git a/src/basic/fdset.c b/src/basic/fdset.c
index 9669110828..4b11e4ea09 100644
--- a/src/basic/fdset.c
+++ b/src/basic/fdset.c
@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@
 
 #include "sd-daemon.h"
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fdset.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "set.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.c b/src/basic/fileio.c
index 5d33309ab2..619dafb517 100644
--- a/src/basic/fileio.c
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.c
@@ -21,12 +21,18 @@
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "ctype.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "random-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
+#include "umask-util.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@ static int write_string_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line, bool enfor
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
+        (void) fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
 
         r = write_string_stream(f, line, enforce_newline);
         if (r >= 0) {
@@ -63,7 +69,7 @@ static int write_string_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line, bool enfor
         }
 
         if (r < 0)
-                unlink(p);
+                (void) unlink(p);
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -848,3 +854,298 @@ int get_proc_field(const char *filename, const char *pattern, const char *termin
         *field = f;
         return 0;
 }
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
+        int nfd;
+        DIR *d;
+
+        assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
+
+        nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
+        if (nfd < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        d = fdopendir(nfd);
+        if (!d) {
+                safe_close(nfd);
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return d;
+}
+
+static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
+        char **i;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(mode);
+        assert(_f);
+
+        if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                FILE *f;
+
+                if (root)
+                        p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
+                else
+                        p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                f = fopen(p, mode);
+                if (f) {
+                        *_f = f;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(mode);
+        assert(_f);
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
+                FILE *f;
+
+                f = fopen(path, mode);
+                if (f) {
+                        *_f = f;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
+        if (!copy)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
+}
+
+int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
+                FILE *f;
+
+                f = fopen(path, mode);
+                if (f) {
+                        *_f = f;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
+}
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
+        FILE *f;
+        char *t;
+        int r, fd;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(_f);
+        assert(_temp_path);
+
+        r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                free(t);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        f = fdopen(fd, "we");
+        if (!f) {
+                unlink_noerrno(t);
+                free(t);
+                safe_close(fd);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        *_f = f;
+        *_temp_path = t;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
+        assert(f);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        fflush(f);
+
+        if (ferror(f))
+                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
+int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
+        int fd;
+
+        assert(pattern);
+
+        u = umask(077);
+
+        fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
+        char *p;
+        int fd;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+#ifdef O_TMPFILE
+        /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
+        fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                return fd;
+#endif
+
+        /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
+        p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
+
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        unlink(p);
+        return fd;
+}
+
+int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        const char *fn;
+        char *t;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /*
+         * Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         *
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldoXXXXXX
+         */
+
+        fn = basename(p);
+        if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (extra == NULL)
+                extra = "";
+
+        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 6 + 1);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn), "XXXXXX");
+
+        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        const char *fn;
+        char *t, *x;
+        uint64_t u;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /*
+         * Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         *
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldobaa2a261115984a9
+         */
+
+        fn = basename(p);
+        if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!extra)
+                extra = "";
+
+        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn);
+
+        u = random_u64();
+        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
+                u >>= 4;
+        }
+
+        *x = 0;
+
+        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
+        char *t, *x;
+        uint64_t u;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* Turns this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo
+         * Into this:
+         *         /foo/bar/waldo/.#<extra>3c2b6219aa75d7d0
+         */
+
+        if (!extra)
+                extra = "";
+
+        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
+        if (!t)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#"), extra);
+
+        u = random_u64();
+        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+                *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
+                u >>= 4;
+        }
+
+        *x = 0;
+
+        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fileio.h b/src/basic/fileio.h
index 4998d4d042..fa7f192331 100644
--- a/src/basic/fileio.h
+++ b/src/basic/fileio.h
@@ -20,8 +20,12 @@
   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include "macro.h"
 
@@ -49,3 +53,27 @@ int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l);
 int executable_is_script(const char *path, char **interpreter);
 
 int get_proc_field(const char *filename, const char *pattern, const char *terminator, char **field);
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);
+
+int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f);
+int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f);
+
+#define FOREACH_LINE(line, f, on_error)                         \
+        for (;;)                                                \
+                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {            \
+                        if (ferror(f)) {                        \
+                                on_error;                       \
+                        }                                       \
+                        break;                                  \
+                } else
+
+int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);
+int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags);
+int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags);
+
+int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
+int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
+int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
diff --git a/src/basic/fs-util.c b/src/basic/fs-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7aee404bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fs-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
+        int r;
+
+        r = unlink(path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
+        size_t l;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(stop);
+
+        l = strlen(path);
+
+        /* Skip trailing slashes */
+        while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
+                l--;
+
+        while (l > 0) {
+                char *t;
+
+                /* Skip last component */
+                while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
+                        l--;
+
+                /* Skip trailing slashes */
+                while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
+                        l--;
+
+                if (l <= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                t = strndup(path, l);
+                if (!t)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
+                        free(t);
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                r = rmdir(t);
+                free(t);
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
+        struct stat buf;
+        int ret;
+
+        ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
+        if (ret >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added support for it later.
+         * If it is not implemented, fallback to another method. */
+        if (!IN_SET(errno, EINVAL, ENOSYS))
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
+         * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
+         * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
+         * good enough. */
+        ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
+        if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
+                ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
+                return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
+        ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+                /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
+                ret = errno;
+                (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
+                errno = ret;
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
+        size_t l = 100;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                char *c;
+                ssize_t n;
+
+                c = new(char, l);
+                if (!c)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
+                if (n < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        free(c);
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
+                        c[n] = 0;
+                        *ret = c;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                free(c);
+                l *= 2;
+        }
+}
+
+int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
+        return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
+}
+
+int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
+        char *value;
+        int r;
+
+        r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        value = basename(link);
+        if (!value)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        value = strdup(value);
+        if (!value)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = value;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+        char *k;
+        int j;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(r);
+
+        j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
+        if (j < 0)
+                return j;
+
+        k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
+        if (!k)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *r = k;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
+        char *t, *s;
+        int j;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(r);
+
+        j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
+        if (j < 0)
+                return j;
+
+        s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
+        if (s) {
+                free(t);
+                *r = s;
+        } else
+                *r = t;
+
+        path_kill_slashes(*r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
+         * first change the access mode and only then hand out
+         * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
+
+        if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
+                if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
+                if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
+         * first change the access mode and only then hand out
+         * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
+
+        if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
+                if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
+                if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
+        mode_t u;
+        int r;
+
+        u = umask(0777);
+        r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
+        umask(u);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (st.st_mode & 0111)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        if (st.st_mode & 0002)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
+                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (parents)
+                mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+
+        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (mode > 0) {
+                r = fchmod(fd, mode);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
+                r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
+                struct timespec ts[2];
+
+                timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
+                ts[1] = ts[0];
+                r = futimens(fd, ts);
+        } else
+                r = futimens(fd, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int touch(const char *path) {
+        return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
+}
+
+int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+
+        if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                r = readlink_malloc(to, &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!streq(p, from))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
+                unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+                unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+                unlink_noerrno(t);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
+         * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
+         * number. */
+
+        d = opendir(path);
+        if (!d)
+                return -errno;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct dirent *de;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                de = readdir(d);
+                if (!de && errno != 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (!de)
+                        break;
+
+                dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
+
+                if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (list) {
+                        /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!l[n])
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        l[++n] = NULL;
+                } else
+                        n++;
+        }
+
+        if (list) {
+                *list = l;
+                l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
+        }
+
+        return n;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/fs-util.h b/src/basic/fs-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b94873e65b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/fs-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int unlink_noerrno(const char *path);
+
+int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop);
+
+int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);
+
+int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret);
+int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r);
+int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret);
+int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r);
+int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r);
+
+int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+
+int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);
+
+int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd);
+
+#define laccess(path, mode) faccessat(AT_FDCWD, (path), (mode), AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode);
+int touch(const char *path);
+
+int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to);
+
+int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to);
+int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
+int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode);
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list);
+
+#define INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX (sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1)
+
+#define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz) \
+        for ((e) = &buffer.ev;                                \
+             (uint8_t*) (e) < (uint8_t*) (buffer.raw) + (sz); \
+             (e) = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) (e) + sizeof(struct inotify_event) + (e)->len))
+
+union inotify_event_buffer {
+        struct inotify_event ev;
+        uint8_t raw[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX];
+};
diff --git a/src/basic/glob-util.c b/src/basic/glob-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..112c6392e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glob-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <glob.h>
+
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int glob_exists(const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+        int k;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+        if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+                return 0;
+        if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (k != 0)
+                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+        return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
+}
+
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+        int k;
+        char **p;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+        if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+                return -ENOENT;
+        if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (k != 0)
+                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+        if (strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
+                k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        return k;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/glob-util.h b/src/basic/glob-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8817df14b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/glob-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int glob_exists(const char *path);
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path);
+
+#define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
+
+_pure_ static inline bool string_is_glob(const char *p) {
+        /* Check if a string contains any glob patterns. */
+        return !!strpbrk(p, GLOB_CHARS);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hashmap.c b/src/basic/hashmap.c
index 20e7e51d9e..4109a08c6c 100644
--- a/src/basic/hashmap.c
+++ b/src/basic/hashmap.c
@@ -20,18 +20,20 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
-#include "set.h"
 #include "macro.h"
-#include "siphash24.h"
-#include "strv.h"
 #include "mempool.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
 #include "random-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "siphash24.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_DEBUG_HASHMAP
 #include "list.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/hexdecoct.c b/src/basic/hexdecoct.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4eb566b15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hexdecoct.c
@@ -0,0 +1,698 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+char octchar(int x) {
+        return '0' + (x & 7);
+}
+
+int unoctchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char decchar(int x) {
+        return '0' + (x % 10);
+}
+
+int undecchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char hexchar(int x) {
+        static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+        return table[x & 15];
+}
+
+int unhexchar(char c) {
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                return c - 'a' + 10;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                return c - 'A' + 10;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        char *r, *z;
+        const uint8_t *x;
+
+        z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
+                *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        const char *x;
+
+        assert(mem);
+        assert(len);
+        assert(p);
+
+        z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
+                int a, b;
+
+                a = unhexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return a;
+                else if (x+1 < p + l) {
+                        b = unhexchar(x[1]);
+                        if (b < 0)
+                                return b;
+                } else
+                        b = 0;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        *mem = r;
+        r = NULL;
+        *len = (l + 1) / 2;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-6
+ * Notice that base32hex differs from base32 in the alphabet it uses.
+ * The distinction is that the base32hex representation preserves the
+ * order of the underlying data when compared as bytestrings, this is
+ * useful when representing NSEC3 hashes, as one can then verify the
+ * order of hashes directly from their representation. */
+char base32hexchar(int x) {
+        static const char table[32] = "0123456789"
+                                      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV";
+
+        return table[x & 31];
+}
+
+int unbase32hexchar(char c) {
+        unsigned offset;
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0';
+
+        offset = '9' - '0' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'V')
+                return c - 'A' + offset;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding) {
+        char *r, *z;
+        const uint8_t *x;
+        size_t len;
+
+        if (padding)
+                /* five input bytes makes eight output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
+                len = 8 * (l + 4) / 5;
+        else {
+                /* same, but round down as there is no padding */
+                len = 8 * l / 5;
+
+                switch (l % 5) {
+                case 4:
+                        len += 7;
+                        break;
+                case 3:
+                        len += 5;
+                        break;
+                case 2:
+                        len += 4;
+                        break;
+                case 1:
+                        len += 2;
+                        break;
+                }
+        }
+
+        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 5) * 5; x += 5) {
+                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ
+                   x[3] == QQQQQQQQ; x[4] == WWWWWWWW */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);  /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3 | x[4] >> 5);  /* 000QQWWW */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[4] & 31));                  /* 000WWWWW */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 5) {
+        case 4:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);   /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3);              /* 000QQ000 */
+                if (padding)
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+
+        case 3:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4); /* 000YZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1);            /* 000ZZZZ0 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case 2:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4);             /* 000Y0000 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case 1:
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);       /* 000XXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2); /* 000XXX00 */
+                if (padding) {
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                        *(z++) = '=';
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *_len) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
+        int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        const char *x;
+        size_t len;
+        unsigned pad = 0;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* padding ensures any base32hex input has input divisible by 8 */
+        if (padding && l % 8 != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (padding) {
+                /* strip the padding */
+                while (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=' && pad < 7) {
+                        pad ++;
+                        l --;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* a group of eight input bytes needs five output bytes, in case of
+           padding we need to add some extra bytes */
+        len = (l / 8) * 5;
+
+        switch (l % 8) {
+        case 7:
+                len += 4;
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                len += 3;
+                break;
+        case 4:
+                len += 2;
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                len += 1;
+                break;
+        case 0:
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p; x < p + (l / 8) * 8; x += 8) {
+                /* a == 000XXXXX; b == 000YYYYY; c == 000ZZZZZ; d == 000WWWWW
+                   e == 000SSSSS; f == 000QQQQQ; g == 000VVVVV; h == 000RRRRR */
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
+                if (f < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
+                if (g < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                h = unbase32hexchar(x[7]);
+                if (h < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) g << 5 | (uint8_t) h;                         /* VVVRRRRR */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 8) {
+        case 7:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
+                if (f < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
+                if (g < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* g == 000VV000 */
+                if (g & 7)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
+
+                break;
+        case 5:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
+                if (e < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* e == 000SSSS0 */
+                if (e & 1)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
+
+                break;
+        case 4:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* d == 000W0000 */
+                if (d & 15)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
+
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* b == 000YYY00 */
+                if (b & 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2; /* XXXXXYYY */
+
+                break;
+        case 0:
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        *mem = r;
+        r = NULL;
+        *_len = len;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-4 */
+char base64char(int x) {
+        static const char table[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                                      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                                      "0123456789+/";
+        return table[x & 63];
+}
+
+int unbase64char(char c) {
+        unsigned offset;
+
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
+                return c - 'A';
+
+        offset = 'Z' - 'A' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+                return c - 'a' + offset;
+
+        offset += 'z' - 'a' + 1;
+
+        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                return c - '0' + offset;
+
+        offset += '9' - '0' + 1;
+
+        if (c == '+')
+                return offset;
+
+        offset ++;
+
+        if (c == '/')
+                return offset;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+char *base64mem(const void *p, size_t l) {
+        char *r, *z;
+        const uint8_t *x;
+
+        /* three input bytes makes four output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
+        z = r = malloc(4 * (l + 2) / 3 + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 3) * 3; x += 3) {
+                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                    /* 00XXXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4);  /* 00XXYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2 | x[2] >> 6); /* 00YYYYZZ */
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[2] & 63);                    /* 00ZZZZZZ */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 3) {
+        case 2:
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                   /* 00XXXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4); /* 00XXYYYY */
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2);            /* 00YYYY00 */
+                *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+        case 1:
+                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);        /* 00XXXXXX */
+                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4);  /* 00XX0000 */
+                *(z++) = '=';
+                *(z++) = '=';
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+        return r;
+}
+
+int unbase64mem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *_len) {
+        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
+        int a, b, c, d;
+        uint8_t *z;
+        const char *x;
+        size_t len;
+
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* padding ensures any base63 input has input divisible by 4 */
+        if (l % 4 != 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        /* strip the padding */
+        if (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=')
+                l --;
+        if (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=')
+                l --;
+
+        /* a group of four input bytes needs three output bytes, in case of
+           padding we need to add two or three extra bytes */
+        len = (l / 4) * 3 + (l % 4 ? (l % 4) - 1 : 0);
+
+        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
+        if (!r)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (x = p; x < p + (l / 4) * 4; x += 4) {
+                /* a == 00XXXXXX; b == 00YYYYYY; c == 00ZZZZZZ; d == 00WWWWWW */
+                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase64char(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                d = unbase64char(x[3]);
+                if (d < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) c << 6 | (uint8_t) d;      /* ZZWWWWWW */
+        }
+
+        switch (l % 4) {
+        case 3:
+                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = unbase64char(x[2]);
+                if (c < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* c == 00ZZZZ00 */
+                if (c & 3)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
+
+                break;
+        case 2:
+                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
+                if (a < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                /* b == 00YY0000 */
+                if (b & 15)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) (b >> 4); /* XXXXXXYY */
+
+                break;
+        case 0:
+
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        *z = 0;
+
+        *mem = r;
+        r = NULL;
+        *_len = len;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
+        const uint8_t *b = p;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+
+        assert(s == 0 || b);
+
+        while (s > 0) {
+                size_t i;
+
+                fprintf(f, "%04x  ", n);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+                        if (i >= s)
+                                fputs("   ", f);
+                        else
+                                fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
+
+                        if (i == 7)
+                                fputc(' ', f);
+                }
+
+                fputc(' ', f);
+
+                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+                        if (i >= s)
+                                fputc(' ', f);
+                        else
+                                fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
+                }
+
+                fputc('\n', f);
+
+                if (s < 16)
+                        break;
+
+                n += 16;
+                b += 16;
+                s -= 16;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/hexdecoct.h b/src/basic/hexdecoct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4aeb4c3bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/hexdecoct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+char octchar(int x) _const_;
+int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char decchar(int x) _const_;
+int undecchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char hexchar(int x) _const_;
+int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
+int unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len);
+
+char base32hexchar(int x) _const_;
+int unbase32hexchar(char c) _const_;
+
+char base64char(int x) _const_;
+int unbase64char(char c) _const_;
+
+char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding);
+int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *len);
+
+char *base64mem(const void *p, size_t l);
+int unbase64mem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len);
+
+void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s);
diff --git a/src/basic/hostname-util.c b/src/basic/hostname-util.c
index 7d058416e5..ea0528c6fc 100644
--- a/src/basic/hostname-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/hostname-util.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 
 #include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
 #include "hostname-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/in-addr-util.c b/src/basic/in-addr-util.c
index d88864b598..f4e24121e7 100644
--- a/src/basic/in-addr-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/in-addr-util.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "in-addr-util.h"
 
 int in_addr_is_null(int family, const union in_addr_union *u) {
diff --git a/src/basic/io-util.h b/src/basic/io-util.h
index ff7c2a9ac4..cd2aa75ad2 100644
--- a/src/basic/io-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/io-util.h
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 
 #include "time-util.h"
 
@@ -37,3 +38,39 @@ int pipe_eof(int fd);
 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t timeout);
 
 ssize_t sparse_write(int fd, const void *p, size_t sz, size_t run_length);
+
+#define IOVEC_SET_STRING(i, s)                  \
+        do {                                    \
+                struct iovec *_i = &(i);        \
+                char *_s = (char *)(s);         \
+                _i->iov_base = _s;              \
+                _i->iov_len = strlen(_s);       \
+        } while(false)
+
+static inline size_t IOVEC_TOTAL_SIZE(const struct iovec *i, unsigned n) {
+        unsigned j;
+        size_t r = 0;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+                r += i[j].iov_len;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static inline size_t IOVEC_INCREMENT(struct iovec *i, unsigned n, size_t k) {
+        unsigned j;
+
+        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+                size_t sub;
+
+                if (_unlikely_(k <= 0))
+                        break;
+
+                sub = MIN(i[j].iov_len, k);
+                i[j].iov_len -= sub;
+                i[j].iov_base = (uint8_t*) i[j].iov_base + sub;
+                k -= sub;
+        }
+
+        return k;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/json.c b/src/basic/json.c
index 2b634aa7f8..716705e5ff 100644
--- a/src/basic/json.c
+++ b/src/basic/json.c
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 #include <math.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "json.h"
 #include "macro.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
-#include "json.h"
 
 int json_variant_new(JsonVariant **ret, JsonVariantType type) {
         JsonVariant *v;
diff --git a/src/basic/locale-util.c b/src/basic/locale-util.c
index 44e1628664..b87fd7670b 100644
--- a/src/basic/locale-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/locale-util.c
@@ -19,11 +19,16 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 
+#include "dirent-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "locale-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
 #include "set.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
@@ -205,6 +210,88 @@ bool locale_is_valid(const char *name) {
         return true;
 }
 
+void init_gettext(void) {
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+        textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
+}
+
+bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
+        const char *set;
+        static int cached_answer = -1;
+
+        /* Note that we default to 'true' here, since today UTF8 is
+         * pretty much supported everywhere. */
+
+        if (cached_answer >= 0)
+                goto out;
+
+        if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+        if (!set) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
+         * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
+        set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+        if (!set) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
+         * explicitly. */
+        cached_answer =
+                STR_IN_SET(set, "C", "POSIX") &&
+                !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
+                !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
+                !getenv("LANG");
+
+out:
+        return (bool) cached_answer;
+}
+
+
+const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
+
+        static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
+
+                /* UTF-8 */ {
+                        [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL]      = "\342\224\202 ",            /* │  */
+                        [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
+                        [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
+                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",                       /*    */
+                        [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = "\342\200\243",             /* ‣ */
+                        [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE]       = "\342\227\217",             /* ● */
+                        [DRAW_ARROW]              = "\342\206\222",             /* → */
+                        [DRAW_DASH]               = "\342\200\223",             /* – */
+                },
+
+                /* ASCII fallback */ {
+                        [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL]      = "| ",
+                        [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "|-",
+                        [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "`-",
+                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",
+                        [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = ">",
+                        [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE]       = "*",
+                        [DRAW_ARROW]              = "->",
+                        [DRAW_DASH]               = "-",
+                }
+        };
+
+        return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
+}
+
 static const char * const locale_variable_table[_VARIABLE_LC_MAX] = {
         [VARIABLE_LANG] = "LANG",
         [VARIABLE_LANGUAGE] = "LANGUAGE",
diff --git a/src/basic/locale-util.h b/src/basic/locale-util.h
index e48aa3d9af..c71d145139 100644
--- a/src/basic/locale-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/locale-util.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include <libintl.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include "macro.h"
@@ -50,5 +51,25 @@ typedef enum LocaleVariable {
 int get_locales(char ***l);
 bool locale_is_valid(const char *name);
 
+#define _(String) gettext(String)
+#define N_(String) String
+void init_gettext(void);
+
+bool is_locale_utf8(void);
+
+typedef enum DrawSpecialChar {
+        DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL,
+        DRAW_TREE_BRANCH,
+        DRAW_TREE_RIGHT,
+        DRAW_TREE_SPACE,
+        DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
+        DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE,
+        DRAW_ARROW,
+        DRAW_DASH,
+        _DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX
+} DrawSpecialChar;
+
+const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch);
+
 const char* locale_variable_to_string(LocaleVariable i) _const_;
 LocaleVariable locale_variable_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/lockfile-util.c b/src/basic/lockfile-util.c
index e573dcb56f..87c3aef7af 100644
--- a/src/basic/lockfile-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/lockfile-util.c
@@ -27,9 +27,12 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <sys/file.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "lockfile-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 int make_lock_file(const char *p, int operation, LockFile *ret) {
diff --git a/src/basic/log.c b/src/basic/log.c
index 99dccb1f10..1582fce61c 100644
--- a/src/basic/log.c
+++ b/src/basic/log.c
@@ -31,15 +31,22 @@
 
 #include "sd-messages.h"
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "formats-util.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "signal-util.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
 #include "terminal-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/src/basic/macro.h b/src/basic/macro.h
index f55d65e2f1..daa7c416f7 100644
--- a/src/basic/macro.h
+++ b/src/basic/macro.h
@@ -22,11 +22,10 @@
 ***/
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #define _printf_(a,b) __attribute__ ((format (printf, a, b)))
 #define _alloc_(...) __attribute__ ((alloc_size(__VA_ARGS__)))
@@ -295,111 +294,10 @@ static inline unsigned long ALIGN_POWER2(unsigned long u) {
 #define PTR_TO_SIZE(p) ((size_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
 #define SIZE_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
 
-/* The following macros add 1 when converting things, since UID 0 is a
- * valid UID, while the pointer NULL is special */
-#define PTR_TO_UID(p) ((uid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
-#define UID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
-
-#define PTR_TO_GID(p) ((gid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
-#define GID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
-
-#define PTR_TO_PID(p) ((pid_t) ((uintptr_t) p))
-#define PID_TO_PTR(p) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) p))
-
-#define memzero(x,l) (memset((x), 0, (l)))
-#define zero(x) (memzero(&(x), sizeof(x)))
-
 #define CHAR_TO_STR(x) ((char[2]) { x, 0 })
 
 #define char_array_0(x) x[sizeof(x)-1] = 0;
 
-#define IOVEC_SET_STRING(i, s)                  \
-        do {                                    \
-                struct iovec *_i = &(i);        \
-                char *_s = (char *)(s);         \
-                _i->iov_base = _s;              \
-                _i->iov_len = strlen(_s);       \
-        } while(false)
-
-static inline size_t IOVEC_TOTAL_SIZE(const struct iovec *i, unsigned n) {
-        unsigned j;
-        size_t r = 0;
-
-        for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
-                r += i[j].iov_len;
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-static inline size_t IOVEC_INCREMENT(struct iovec *i, unsigned n, size_t k) {
-        unsigned j;
-
-        for (j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-                size_t sub;
-
-                if (_unlikely_(k <= 0))
-                        break;
-
-                sub = MIN(i[j].iov_len, k);
-                i[j].iov_len -= sub;
-                i[j].iov_base = (uint8_t*) i[j].iov_base + sub;
-                k -= sub;
-        }
-
-        return k;
-}
-
-#define VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap)                                   \
-do {                                                                    \
-        int _argtypes[128];                                             \
-        size_t _i, _k;                                                  \
-        _k = parse_printf_format((format), ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes), _argtypes); \
-        assert(_k < ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes));                             \
-        for (_i = 0; _i < _k; _i++) {                                   \
-                if (_argtypes[_i] & PA_FLAG_PTR)  {                     \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
-                        continue;                                       \
-                }                                                       \
-                                                                        \
-                switch (_argtypes[_i]) {                                \
-                case PA_INT:                                            \
-                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_SHORT:                              \
-                case PA_CHAR:                                           \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, int);                         \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG:                               \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, long int);                    \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG:                          \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, long long int);               \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_WCHAR:                                          \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, wchar_t);                     \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_WSTRING:                                        \
-                case PA_STRING:                                         \
-                case PA_POINTER:                                        \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_FLOAT:                                          \
-                case PA_DOUBLE:                                         \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, double);                      \
-                        break;                                          \
-                case PA_DOUBLE|PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE:                     \
-                        (void) va_arg(ap, long double);                 \
-                        break;                                          \
-                default:                                                \
-                        assert_not_reached("Unknown format string argument."); \
-                }                                                       \
-        }                                                               \
-} while(false)
-
- /* Because statfs.t_type can be int on some architectures, we have to cast
-  * the const magic to the type, otherwise the compiler warns about
-  * signed/unsigned comparison, because the magic can be 32 bit unsigned.
- */
-#define F_TYPE_EQUAL(a, b) (a == (typeof(a)) b)
-
 /* Returns the number of chars needed to format variables of the
  * specified type as a decimal string. Adds in extra space for a
  * negative '-' prefix (hence works correctly on signed
@@ -410,6 +308,15 @@ do {                                                                    \
             sizeof(type) <= 4 ? 10 :                                    \
             sizeof(type) <= 8 ? 20 : sizeof(int[-2*(sizeof(type) > 8)])))
 
+#define DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(x)                            \
+        ({                                              \
+                typeof(x) _x_ = (x);                    \
+                unsigned ans = 1;                       \
+                while (_x_ /= 10)                       \
+                        ans++;                          \
+                ans;                                    \
+        })
+
 #define SET_FLAG(v, flag, b) \
         (v) = (b) ? ((v) | (flag)) : ((v) & ~(flag))
 
@@ -466,10 +373,6 @@ do {                                                                    \
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#define UID_INVALID ((uid_t) -1)
-#define GID_INVALID ((gid_t) -1)
-#define MODE_INVALID ((mode_t) -1)
-
 #define DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(type, func)                 \
         static inline void func##p(type *p) {                   \
                 if (*p)                                         \
@@ -477,7 +380,4 @@ do {                                                                    \
         }                                                       \
         struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
 
-#define CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)                                          \
-        for ((cmsg) = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); (cmsg); (cmsg) = CMSG_NXTHDR((mh), (cmsg)))
-
 #include "log.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/memfd-util.c b/src/basic/memfd-util.c
index 9d638b27f0..92630f6b25 100644
--- a/src/basic/memfd-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/memfd-util.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "memfd-util.h"
 #include "missing.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/mkdir.c b/src/basic/mkdir.c
index 7ee4546988..0214c4627e 100644
--- a/src/basic/mkdir.c
+++ b/src/basic/mkdir.c
@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
-#include "path-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 int mkdir_safe_internal(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mkdir_func_t _mkdir) {
         struct stat st;
diff --git a/src/basic/mount-util.c b/src/basic/mount-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29997b1ce7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mount-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "mount-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+static int fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(int fd, const char *filename, int flags, int *mnt_id) {
+        char path[strlen("/proc/self/fdinfo/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fdinfo = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int subfd = -1;
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        if ((flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH) && isempty(filename))
+                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", fd);
+        else {
+                subfd = openat(fd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_PATH);
+                if (subfd < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", subfd);
+        }
+
+        r = read_full_file(path, &fdinfo, NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) /* The fdinfo directory is a relatively new addition */
+                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        p = startswith(fdinfo, "mnt_id:");
+        if (!p) {
+                p = strstr(fdinfo, "\nmnt_id:");
+                if (!p) /* The mnt_id field is a relatively new addition */
+                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+                p += 8;
+        }
+
+        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+        p[strcspn(p, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
+
+        return safe_atoi(p, mnt_id);
+}
+
+
+int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags) {
+        union file_handle_union h = FILE_HANDLE_INIT, h_parent = FILE_HANDLE_INIT;
+        int mount_id = -1, mount_id_parent = -1;
+        bool nosupp = false, check_st_dev = true;
+        struct stat a, b;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(filename);
+
+        /* First we will try the name_to_handle_at() syscall, which
+         * tells us the mount id and an opaque file "handle". It is
+         * not supported everywhere though (kernel compile-time
+         * option, not all file systems are hooked up). If it works
+         * the mount id is usually good enough to tell us whether
+         * something is a mount point.
+         *
+         * If that didn't work we will try to read the mount id from
+         * /proc/self/fdinfo/<fd>. This is almost as good as
+         * name_to_handle_at(), however, does not return the
+         * opaque file handle. The opaque file handle is pretty useful
+         * to detect the root directory, which we should always
+         * consider a mount point. Hence we use this only as
+         * fallback. Exporting the mnt_id in fdinfo is a pretty recent
+         * kernel addition.
+         *
+         * As last fallback we do traditional fstat() based st_dev
+         * comparisons. This is how things were traditionally done,
+         * but unionfs breaks breaks this since it exposes file
+         * systems with a variety of st_dev reported. Also, btrfs
+         * subvolumes have different st_dev, even though they aren't
+         * real mounts of their own. */
+
+        r = name_to_handle_at(fd, filename, &h.handle, &mount_id, flags);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOSYS)
+                        /* This kernel does not support name_to_handle_at()
+                         * fall back to simpler logic. */
+                        goto fallback_fdinfo;
+                else if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
+                        /* This kernel or file system does not support
+                         * name_to_handle_at(), hence let's see if the
+                         * upper fs supports it (in which case it is a
+                         * mount point), otherwise fallback to the
+                         * traditional stat() logic */
+                        nosupp = true;
+                else
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        r = name_to_handle_at(fd, "", &h_parent.handle, &mount_id_parent, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP) {
+                        if (nosupp)
+                                /* Neither parent nor child do name_to_handle_at()?
+                                   We have no choice but to fall back. */
+                                goto fallback_fdinfo;
+                        else
+                                /* The parent can't do name_to_handle_at() but the
+                                 * directory we are interested in can?
+                                 * If so, it must be a mount point. */
+                                return 1;
+                } else
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* The parent can do name_to_handle_at() but the
+         * directory we are interested in can't? If so, it
+         * must be a mount point. */
+        if (nosupp)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* If the file handle for the directory we are
+         * interested in and its parent are identical, we
+         * assume this is the root directory, which is a mount
+         * point. */
+
+        if (h.handle.handle_bytes == h_parent.handle.handle_bytes &&
+            h.handle.handle_type == h_parent.handle.handle_type &&
+            memcmp(h.handle.f_handle, h_parent.handle.f_handle, h.handle.handle_bytes) == 0)
+                return 1;
+
+        return mount_id != mount_id_parent;
+
+fallback_fdinfo:
+        r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, filename, flags, &mount_id);
+        if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+                goto fallback_fstat;
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &mount_id_parent);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (mount_id != mount_id_parent)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* Hmm, so, the mount ids are the same. This leaves one
+         * special case though for the root file system. For that,
+         * let's see if the parent directory has the same inode as we
+         * are interested in. Hence, let's also do fstat() checks now,
+         * too, but avoid the st_dev comparisons, since they aren't
+         * that useful on unionfs mounts. */
+        check_st_dev = false;
+
+fallback_fstat:
+        /* yay for fstatat() taking a different set of flags than the other
+         * _at() above */
+        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW)
+                flags &= ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW;
+        else
+                flags |= AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
+        if (fstatat(fd, filename, &a, flags) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (fstatat(fd, "", &b, AT_EMPTY_PATH) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* A directory with same device and inode as its parent? Must
+         * be the root directory */
+        if (a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
+            a.st_ino == b.st_ino)
+                return 1;
+
+        return check_st_dev && (a.st_dev != b.st_dev);
+}
+
+/* flags can be AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW or 0 */
+int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, int flags) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *canonical = NULL, *parent = NULL;
+
+        assert(t);
+
+        if (path_equal(t, "/"))
+                return 1;
+
+        /* we need to resolve symlinks manually, we can't just rely on
+         * fd_is_mount_point() to do that for us; if we have a structure like
+         * /bin -> /usr/bin/ and /usr is a mount point, then the parent that we
+         * look at needs to be /usr, not /. */
+        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) {
+                canonical = canonicalize_file_name(t);
+                if (!canonical)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                t = canonical;
+        }
+
+        parent = dirname_malloc(t);
+        if (!parent)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, parent, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fd_is_mount_point(fd, basename(t), flags);
+}
+
+int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
+        bool again;
+        int n = 0, r;
+
+        /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
+         * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
+         * unmounting them until they are gone. */
+
+        do {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
+
+                again = false;
+                r = 0;
+
+                proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
+                if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
+                        int k;
+
+                        k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
+                                   "%*s "       /* (1) mount id */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (2) parent id */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (3) major:minor */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (4) root */
+                                   "%ms "       /* (5) mount point */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (6) mount options */
+                                   "%*[^-]"     /* (7) optional fields */
+                                   "- "         /* (8) separator */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (9) file system type */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (10) mount source */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (11) mount options 2 */
+                                   "%*[^\n]",   /* some rubbish at the end */
+                                   &path);
+                        if (k != 1) {
+                                if (k == EOF)
+                                        break;
+
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
+                                r = -errno;
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        again = true;
+                        n++;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        } while (again);
+
+        return r ? r : n;
+}
+
+static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
+        struct statvfs buf;
+
+        if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        *flags = buf.f_flag;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
+         * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
+         * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
+         * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
+         * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
+         * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
+         * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
+         * the same mount point we only care for each individual
+         * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
+         * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
+         * have any effect on future submounts that might get
+         * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
+         * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
+
+        cleaned = strdup(prefix);
+        if (!cleaned)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
+
+        done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!done)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
+                _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
+                bool top_autofs = false;
+                char *x;
+                unsigned long orig_flags;
+
+                todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+                if (!todo)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
+                if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
+                        int k;
+
+                        k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
+                                   "%*s "       /* (1) mount id */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (2) parent id */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (3) major:minor */
+                                   "%*s "       /* (4) root */
+                                   "%ms "       /* (5) mount point */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
+                                   "%*[^-]"     /* (7) optional fields */
+                                   "- "         /* (8) separator */
+                                   "%ms "       /* (9) file system type */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (10) mount source */
+                                   "%*s"        /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
+                                   "%*[^\n]",   /* some rubbish at the end */
+                                   &path,
+                                   &type);
+                        if (k != 2) {
+                                if (k == EOF)
+                                        break;
+
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Let's ignore autofs mounts.  If they aren't
+                         * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
+                         * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
+                         * future submounts anyway.  If they are
+                         * already triggered, then we will find
+                         * another entry for this. */
+                        if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
+                                top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
+                            !set_contains(done, p)) {
+
+                                r = set_consume(todo, p);
+                                p = NULL;
+
+                                if (r == -EEXIST)
+                                        continue;
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
+                 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
+                 * are done */
+                if (set_isempty(todo) &&
+                    (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
+                    !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
+                        /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
+                         * mount, make it one. */
+                        if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        orig_flags = 0;
+                        (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
+                        orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
+
+                        if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        x = strdup(cleaned);
+                        if (!x)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        r = set_consume(done, x);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+
+                while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
+
+                        r = set_consume(done, x);
+                        if (r == -EEXIST || r == 0)
+                                continue;
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
+                         * don't care for errors, in case of
+                         * obstructed mounts */
+                        orig_flags = 0;
+                        (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
+                        orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
+
+                        if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
+
+                                /* Deal with mount points that are
+                                 * obstructed by a later mount */
+
+                                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                                        return -errno;
+                        }
+
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+int mount_move_root(const char *path) {
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (chdir(path) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (mount(path, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (chroot(".") < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (chdir("/") < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
+        static const char table[] =
+                "afs\0"
+                "cifs\0"
+                "smbfs\0"
+                "sshfs\0"
+                "ncpfs\0"
+                "ncp\0"
+                "nfs\0"
+                "nfs4\0"
+                "gfs\0"
+                "gfs2\0"
+                "glusterfs\0";
+
+        const char *x;
+
+        x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
+        if (x)
+                fstype = x;
+
+        return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
+}
+
+int repeat_unmount(const char *path, int flags) {
+        bool done = false;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* If there are multiple mounts on a mount point, this
+         * removes them all */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (umount2(path, flags) < 0) {
+
+                        if (errno == EINVAL)
+                                return done;
+
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                done = true;
+        }
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/mount-util.h b/src/basic/mount-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48954c2d67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/mount-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <mntent.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "missing.h"
+
+int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags);
+int path_is_mount_point(const char *path, int flags);
+
+int repeat_unmount(const char *path, int flags);
+
+int umount_recursive(const char *target, int flags);
+int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro);
+
+int mount_move_root(const char *path);
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, endmntent);
+#define _cleanup_endmntent_ _cleanup_(endmntentp)
+
+bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
+
+union file_handle_union {
+        struct file_handle handle;
+        char padding[sizeof(struct file_handle) + MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
+};
+
+#define FILE_HANDLE_INIT { .handle.handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ }
diff --git a/src/basic/parse-util.c b/src/basic/parse-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2437fee60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/parse-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
+        assert(v);
+
+        if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
+                return 1;
+        else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
+                return 0;
+
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
+        unsigned long ul = 0;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_pid);
+
+        r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        pid = (pid_t) ul;
+
+        if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        if (pid <= 0)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret_pid = pid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret) {
+        char *x;
+        long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtol(s, &x, 8);
+        if (errno != 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x)
+                return -EINVAL;
+        if (l < 0 || l  > 07777)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (mode_t) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size) {
+
+        /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffixes, and
+         * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
+         * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
+         * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
+         * hardware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
+         * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
+         * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
+         *
+         * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
+         * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
+         * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
+         * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
+         * call. */
+
+        struct table {
+                const char *suffix;
+                unsigned long long factor;
+        };
+
+        static const struct table iec[] = {
+                { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
+                { "K", 1024ULL },
+                { "B", 1ULL },
+                { "",  1ULL },
+        };
+
+        static const struct table si[] = {
+                { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
+                { "K", 1000ULL },
+                { "B", 1ULL },
+                { "",  1ULL },
+        };
+
+        const struct table *table;
+        const char *p;
+        unsigned long long r = 0;
+        unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
+
+        assert(t);
+        assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
+        assert(size);
+
+        if (base == 1000) {
+                table = si;
+                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
+        } else {
+                table = iec;
+                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
+        }
+
+        p = t;
+        do {
+                unsigned long long l, tmp;
+                double frac = 0;
+                char *e;
+                unsigned i;
+
+                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
+                if (*p == '-')
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                l = strtoull(p, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0)
+                        return -errno;
+                if (e == p)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (*e == '.') {
+                        e++;
+
+                        /* strtoull() itself would accept space/+/- */
+                        if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
+                                unsigned long long l2;
+                                char *e2;
+
+                                l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
+                                if (errno > 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+
+                                /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
+                                frac = l2;
+                                for (; e < e2; e++)
+                                        frac /= 10;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
+
+                for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
+                        if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix))
+                                break;
+
+                if (i >= n_entries)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
+                if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                r += tmp;
+                if ((unsigned long long) (uint64_t) r != r)
+                        return -ERANGE;
+
+                p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
+
+                start_pos = i + 1;
+
+        } while (*p);
+
+        *size = r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        /* This only does IEC units so far */
+
+        static const struct {
+                const char *suffix;
+                uint64_t factor;
+        } table[] = {
+                { "E", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "P", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "T", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "G", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "M", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
+                { "K", UINT64_C(1024) },
+        };
+
+        if (t == (uint64_t) -1)
+                return NULL;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+
+                if (t >= table[i].factor) {
+                        snprintf(buf, l,
+                                 "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64 "%s",
+                                 t / table[i].factor,
+                                 ((t*UINT64_C(10)) / table[i].factor) % UINT64_C(10),
+                                 table[i].suffix);
+
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        snprintf(buf, l, "%" PRIu64 "B", t);
+
+finish:
+        buf[l-1] = 0;
+        return buf;
+
+}
+
+int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_u);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_i);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((long) (int) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret_i = (int) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_llu);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret_llu = l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_lli);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        *ret_lli = l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (uint8_t) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        unsigned long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (uint16_t) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        long l;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        errno = 0;
+        l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+
+        if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
+                return -ERANGE;
+
+        *ret = (int16_t) l;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
+        char *x = NULL;
+        double d = 0;
+        locale_t loc;
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(ret_d);
+
+        loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
+        if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
+
+        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
+                freelocale(loc);
+                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        freelocale(loc);
+        *ret_d = (double) d;
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/parse-util.h b/src/basic/parse-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..72a619c38f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/parse-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#define MODE_INVALID ((mode_t) -1)
+
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
+int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid);
+int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret);
+
+int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size);
+
+#define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 8
+char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t);
+
+int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u);
+int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i);
+int safe_atollu(const char *s, unsigned long long *ret_u);
+int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_i);
+
+int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret);
+
+int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret);
+int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret);
+
+static inline int safe_atou32(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
+        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoi32(const char *s, int32_t *ret_i) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
+        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_i);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atou64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
+        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
+}
+
+static inline int safe_atoi64(const char *s, int64_t *ret_i) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(long long int));
+        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_i);
+}
+
+#if LONG_MAX == INT_MAX
+static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
+        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
+}
+static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(int));
+        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_u);
+}
+#else
+static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
+        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
+}
+static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(long long int));
+        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_u);
+}
+#endif
+
+int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d);
diff --git a/src/basic/path-util.c b/src/basic/path-util.c
index e25e50e78a..ec90c432a4 100644
--- a/src/basic/path-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/path-util.c
@@ -27,12 +27,22 @@
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+/* When we include libgen.h because we need dirname() we immediately
+ * undefine basename() since libgen.h defines it as a macro to the
+ * POSIX version which is really broken. We prefer GNU basename(). */
+#include <libgen.h>
+#undef basename
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -45,47 +55,6 @@ bool is_path(const char *p) {
         return !!strchr(p, '/');
 }
 
-int path_get_parent(const char *path, char **_r) {
-        const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
-        char *r;
-        bool slash = false;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(_r);
-
-        if (!*path)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        for (e = path; *e; e++) {
-
-                if (!slash && *e == '/') {
-                        a = b;
-                        b = e;
-                        slash = true;
-                } else if (slash && *e != '/')
-                        slash = false;
-        }
-
-        if (*(e-1) == '/')
-                p = a;
-        else
-                p = b;
-
-        if (!p)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (p == path)
-                r = strdup("/");
-        else
-                r = strndup(path, p-path);
-
-        if (!r)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        *_r = r;
-        return 0;
-}
-
 int path_split_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char ***ret) {
         char **l;
         int r;
@@ -488,243 +457,6 @@ char* path_join(const char *root, const char *path, const char *rest) {
                                NULL);
 }
 
-static int fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(int fd, const char *filename, int flags, int *mnt_id) {
-        char path[strlen("/proc/self/fdinfo/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
-        _cleanup_free_ char *fdinfo = NULL;
-        _cleanup_close_ int subfd = -1;
-        char *p;
-        int r;
-
-        if ((flags & AT_EMPTY_PATH) && isempty(filename))
-                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", fd);
-        else {
-                subfd = openat(fd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_PATH);
-                if (subfd < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                xsprintf(path, "/proc/self/fdinfo/%i", subfd);
-        }
-
-        r = read_full_file(path, &fdinfo, NULL);
-        if (r == -ENOENT) /* The fdinfo directory is a relatively new addition */
-                return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        p = startswith(fdinfo, "mnt_id:");
-        if (!p) {
-                p = strstr(fdinfo, "\nmnt_id:");
-                if (!p) /* The mnt_id field is a relatively new addition */
-                        return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-
-                p += 8;
-        }
-
-        p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
-        p[strcspn(p, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
-
-        return safe_atoi(p, mnt_id);
-}
-
-int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags) {
-        union file_handle_union h = FILE_HANDLE_INIT, h_parent = FILE_HANDLE_INIT;
-        int mount_id = -1, mount_id_parent = -1;
-        bool nosupp = false, check_st_dev = true;
-        struct stat a, b;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-        assert(filename);
-
-        /* First we will try the name_to_handle_at() syscall, which
-         * tells us the mount id and an opaque file "handle". It is
-         * not supported everywhere though (kernel compile-time
-         * option, not all file systems are hooked up). If it works
-         * the mount id is usually good enough to tell us whether
-         * something is a mount point.
-         *
-         * If that didn't work we will try to read the mount id from
-         * /proc/self/fdinfo/<fd>. This is almost as good as
-         * name_to_handle_at(), however, does not return the
-         * opaque file handle. The opaque file handle is pretty useful
-         * to detect the root directory, which we should always
-         * consider a mount point. Hence we use this only as
-         * fallback. Exporting the mnt_id in fdinfo is a pretty recent
-         * kernel addition.
-         *
-         * As last fallback we do traditional fstat() based st_dev
-         * comparisons. This is how things were traditionally done,
-         * but unionfs breaks breaks this since it exposes file
-         * systems with a variety of st_dev reported. Also, btrfs
-         * subvolumes have different st_dev, even though they aren't
-         * real mounts of their own. */
-
-        r = name_to_handle_at(fd, filename, &h.handle, &mount_id, flags);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                if (errno == ENOSYS)
-                        /* This kernel does not support name_to_handle_at()
-                         * fall back to simpler logic. */
-                        goto fallback_fdinfo;
-                else if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP)
-                        /* This kernel or file system does not support
-                         * name_to_handle_at(), hence let's see if the
-                         * upper fs supports it (in which case it is a
-                         * mount point), otherwise fallback to the
-                         * traditional stat() logic */
-                        nosupp = true;
-                else
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-
-        r = name_to_handle_at(fd, "", &h_parent.handle, &mount_id_parent, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                if (errno == EOPNOTSUPP) {
-                        if (nosupp)
-                                /* Neither parent nor child do name_to_handle_at()?
-                                   We have no choice but to fall back. */
-                                goto fallback_fdinfo;
-                        else
-                                /* The parent can't do name_to_handle_at() but the
-                                 * directory we are interested in can?
-                                 * If so, it must be a mount point. */
-                                return 1;
-                } else
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-
-        /* The parent can do name_to_handle_at() but the
-         * directory we are interested in can't? If so, it
-         * must be a mount point. */
-        if (nosupp)
-                return 1;
-
-        /* If the file handle for the directory we are
-         * interested in and its parent are identical, we
-         * assume this is the root directory, which is a mount
-         * point. */
-
-        if (h.handle.handle_bytes == h_parent.handle.handle_bytes &&
-            h.handle.handle_type == h_parent.handle.handle_type &&
-            memcmp(h.handle.f_handle, h_parent.handle.f_handle, h.handle.handle_bytes) == 0)
-                return 1;
-
-        return mount_id != mount_id_parent;
-
-fallback_fdinfo:
-        r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, filename, flags, &mount_id);
-        if (r == -EOPNOTSUPP)
-                goto fallback_fstat;
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        r = fd_fdinfo_mnt_id(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &mount_id_parent);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (mount_id != mount_id_parent)
-                return 1;
-
-        /* Hmm, so, the mount ids are the same. This leaves one
-         * special case though for the root file system. For that,
-         * let's see if the parent directory has the same inode as we
-         * are interested in. Hence, let's also do fstat() checks now,
-         * too, but avoid the st_dev comparisons, since they aren't
-         * that useful on unionfs mounts. */
-        check_st_dev = false;
-
-fallback_fstat:
-        /* yay for fstatat() taking a different set of flags than the other
-         * _at() above */
-        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW)
-                flags &= ~AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW;
-        else
-                flags |= AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW;
-        if (fstatat(fd, filename, &a, flags) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (fstatat(fd, "", &b, AT_EMPTY_PATH) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        /* A directory with same device and inode as its parent? Must
-         * be the root directory */
-        if (a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
-            a.st_ino == b.st_ino)
-                return 1;
-
-        return check_st_dev && (a.st_dev != b.st_dev);
-}
-
-/* flags can be AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW or 0 */
-int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, int flags) {
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *canonical = NULL, *parent = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(t);
-
-        if (path_equal(t, "/"))
-                return 1;
-
-        /* we need to resolve symlinks manually, we can't just rely on
-         * fd_is_mount_point() to do that for us; if we have a structure like
-         * /bin -> /usr/bin/ and /usr is a mount point, then the parent that we
-         * look at needs to be /usr, not /. */
-        if (flags & AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW) {
-                canonical = canonicalize_file_name(t);
-                if (!canonical)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                t = canonical;
-        }
-
-        r = path_get_parent(t, &parent);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, parent, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_PATH);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return fd_is_mount_point(fd, basename(t), flags);
-}
-
-int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path) {
-        struct statvfs st;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        if (statvfs(path, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (st.f_flag & ST_RDONLY)
-                return true;
-
-        /* On NFS, statvfs() might not reflect whether we can actually
-         * write to the remote share. Let's try again with
-         * access(W_OK) which is more reliable, at least sometimes. */
-        if (access(path, W_OK) < 0 && errno == EROFS)
-                return true;
-
-        return false;
-}
-
-int path_is_os_tree(const char *path) {
-        char *p;
-        int r;
-
-        /* We use /usr/lib/os-release as flag file if something is an OS */
-        p = strjoina(path, "/usr/lib/os-release");
-        r = access(p, F_OK);
-        if (r >= 0)
-                return 1;
-
-        /* Also check for the old location in /etc, just in case. */
-        p = strjoina(path, "/etc/os-release");
-        r = access(p, F_OK);
-
-        return r >= 0;
-}
-
 int find_binary(const char *name, char **ret) {
         int last_error, r;
         const char *p;
@@ -936,3 +668,134 @@ int parse_path_argument_and_warn(const char *path, bool suppress_root, char **ar
         *arg = p;
         return 0;
 }
+
+char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
+        char *d, *dir, *dir2;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        d = strdup(path);
+        if (!d)
+                return NULL;
+
+        dir = dirname(d);
+        assert(dir);
+
+        if (dir == d)
+                return d;
+
+        dir2 = strdup(dir);
+        free(d);
+
+        return dir2;
+}
+
+bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(p, "."))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(p, ".."))
+                return false;
+
+        e = strchrnul(p, '/');
+        if (*e != 0)
+                return false;
+
+        if (e - p > FILENAME_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strlen(p)+1 > PATH_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
+        if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
+                return false;
+
+        if (strstr(p, "//"))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
+        char *e, *ret;
+        size_t k;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(filename);
+
+        /* This removes the last component of path and appends
+         * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
+         * former isn't */
+
+        if (path_is_absolute(filename))
+                return strdup(filename);
+
+        e = strrchr(path, '/');
+        if (!e)
+                return strdup(filename);
+
+        k = strlen(filename);
+        ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
+        if (!ret)
+                return NULL;
+
+        memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
+        assert(filename);
+
+        return
+                filename[0] == '.' ||
+                streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
+                streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
+                streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
+                endswith(filename, ".swp");
+}
+
+bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
+        assert(filename);
+
+        if (endswith(filename, "~"))
+                return true;
+
+        return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
+}
+
+bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
+
+        /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
+         * sysfs or in /dev */
+
+        return
+                path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
+                path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/path-util.h b/src/basic/path-util.h
index 9d4522c8eb..989e0f9004 100644
--- a/src/basic/path-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/path-util.h
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 
 bool is_path(const char *p) _pure_;
 int path_split_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char ***ret);
-int path_get_parent(const char *path, char **parent);
 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) _pure_;
 char* path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix);
 int path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p, char **ret);
@@ -53,11 +52,6 @@ int path_strv_make_absolute_cwd(char **l);
 char** path_strv_resolve(char **l, const char *prefix);
 char** path_strv_resolve_uniq(char **l, const char *prefix);
 
-int fd_is_mount_point(int fd, const char *filename, int flags);
-int path_is_mount_point(const char *path, int flags);
-int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path);
-int path_is_os_tree(const char *path);
-
 int find_binary(const char *name, char **filename);
 
 bool paths_check_timestamp(const char* const* paths, usec_t *paths_ts_usec, bool update);
@@ -103,3 +97,15 @@ char *prefix_root(const char *root, const char *path);
         })
 
 int parse_path_argument_and_warn(const char *path, bool suppress_root, char **arg);
+
+char* dirname_malloc(const char *path);
+
+bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
+bool path_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
+
+char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename);
+
+bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename);
+bool hidden_file(const char *filename) _pure_;
+
+bool is_device_path(const char *path);
diff --git a/src/basic/prioq.c b/src/basic/prioq.c
index d55b348c22..7590698911 100644
--- a/src/basic/prioq.c
+++ b/src/basic/prioq.c
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@
  * The underlying algorithm used in this implementation is a Heap.
  */
 
-#include "util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "prioq.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 struct prioq_item {
         void *data;
diff --git a/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd91ce7dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.c
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "extract-word.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (detect_container() > 0)
+                return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
+        else
+                return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
+}
+
+int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(parse_item);
+
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                char *value = NULL;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_RELAX);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
+                 * initrd */
+                if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
+                        continue;
+
+                value = strchr(word, '=');
+                if (value)
+                        *(value++) = 0;
+
+                r = parse_item(word, value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
+        bool found = false;
+        const char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(key);
+
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = line;
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                const char *e;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_RELAX);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
+                 * initrd */
+                if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (value) {
+                        e = startswith(word, key);
+                        if (!e)
+                                continue;
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        found = true;
+                } else {
+                        if (streq(word, key))
+                                found = true;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (value) {
+                *value = ret;
+                ret = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return found;
+
+}
+
+int shall_restore_state(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return true;
+
+        return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea8277b053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/proc-cmdline.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+int proc_cmdline(char **ret);
+int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_word)(const char *key, const char *value));
+int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *parameter, char **value);
+
+int shall_restore_state(void);
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.c b/src/basic/process-util.c
index 72fc82e7cb..7631928d5f 100644
--- a/src/basic/process-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.c
@@ -20,20 +20,27 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <sched.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/personality.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "ioprio.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "signal-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "user-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -178,6 +185,37 @@ int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char *
         return 0;
 }
 
+void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
+         * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
+         * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
+         * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
+         * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
+         * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
+         * truncated */
+
+        prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
+
+        if (program_invocation_name)
+                strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
+
+        if (saved_argc > 0) {
+                int i;
+
+                if (saved_argv[0])
+                        strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
+
+                for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
+                        if (!saved_argv[i])
+                                break;
+
+                        memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
+                }
+        }
+}
+
 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
         const char *p;
         size_t count;
@@ -368,7 +406,7 @@ int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **env) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
+int get_process_ppid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
         int r;
         _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
         long unsigned ppid;
@@ -561,9 +599,12 @@ int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
         /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
 
-        if (pid <= 0)
+        if (pid < 0)
                 return false;
 
+        if (pid <= 1) /* If we or PID 1 would be dead and have been waited for, this code would not be running */
+                return true;
+
         if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
                 return true;
 
@@ -575,12 +616,141 @@ bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
 
         /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
 
-        if (pid <= 0)
+        if (pid < 0)
                 return false;
 
+        if (pid <= 1) /* If we or PID 1 would be a zombie, this code would not be running */
+                return true;
+
         r = get_process_state(pid);
         if (r == -ESRCH || r == 'Z')
                 return false;
 
         return true;
 }
+
+bool is_main_thread(void) {
+        static thread_local int cached = 0;
+
+        if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
+                cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
+
+        return cached > 0;
+}
+
+noreturn void freeze(void) {
+
+        /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
+        close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
+
+        sync();
+
+        for (;;)
+                pause();
+}
+
+bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa) {
+        return oa >= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN && oa <= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
+}
+
+unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
+
+        /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
+         * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
+         * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
+         * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
+         * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
+         * used by libseccomp. */
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+
+        if (streq(p, "x86"))
+                return PER_LINUX32;
+
+        if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
+                return PER_LINUX;
+
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+
+        if (streq(p, "x86"))
+                return PER_LINUX;
+
+#elif defined(__s390x__)
+
+        if (streq(p, "s390"))
+                return PER_LINUX32;
+
+        if (streq(p, "s390x"))
+                return PER_LINUX;
+
+#elif defined(__s390__)
+
+        if (streq(p, "s390"))
+                return PER_LINUX;
+#endif
+
+        return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
+}
+
+const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
+
+#if defined(__x86_64__)
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX32)
+                return "x86";
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX)
+                return "x86-64";
+
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX)
+                return "x86";
+
+#elif defined(__s390x__)
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX)
+                return "s390x";
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX32)
+                return "s390";
+
+#elif defined(__s390__)
+
+        if (p == PER_LINUX)
+                return "s390";
+
+#endif
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
+        [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
+        [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
+        [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
+        [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
+        [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
+        [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
+        [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
+
+static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
+        [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
+        [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
+        [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
+        [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
+        [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
diff --git a/src/basic/process-util.h b/src/basic/process-util.h
index 2c0d1af000..72633ebf70 100644
--- a/src/basic/process-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/process-util.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 
 #include "formats-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
 
 #define procfs_file_alloca(pid, field)                                  \
         ({                                                              \
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff);
 int get_process_cwd(pid_t pid, char **cwd);
 int get_process_root(pid_t pid, char **root);
 int get_process_environ(pid_t pid, char **environ);
+int get_process_ppid(pid_t pid, pid_t *ppid);
 
 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status);
 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code);
@@ -59,10 +61,39 @@ void sigkill_wait(pid_t *pid);
 #define _cleanup_sigkill_wait_ _cleanup_(sigkill_wait)
 
 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig);
-pid_t get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *ppid);
+
 void rename_process(const char name[8]);
 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid);
+
 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value);
 
 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid);
 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid);
+
+bool is_main_thread(void);
+
+noreturn void freeze(void);
+
+bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa);
+
+#ifndef PERSONALITY_INVALID
+/* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for querying the
+ * current personality, hence let's use that here as error
+ * indicator. */
+#define PERSONALITY_INVALID 0xffffffffLU
+#endif
+
+unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p);
+const char *personality_to_string(unsigned long);
+
+int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);
+
+const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
+
+#define PTR_TO_PID(p) ((pid_t) ((uintptr_t) p))
+#define PID_TO_PTR(p) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) p))
diff --git a/src/basic/replace-var.c b/src/basic/replace-var.c
index 478fc43a38..18b49a9227 100644
--- a/src/basic/replace-var.c
+++ b/src/basic/replace-var.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "replace-var.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/rlimit-util.c b/src/basic/rlimit-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2627c813fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/rlimit-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
+        struct rlimit highest, fixed;
+
+        assert(rlim);
+
+        if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (errno != EPERM)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
+         * to get as close as we can */
+        assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
+
+        fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
+        fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
+
+        if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
+        [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
+        [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
+        [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
+        [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
+        [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
+        [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
+        [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
+        [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
+        [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
+        [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
+        [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
+        [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
+        [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
+        [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
+        [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
+        [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
diff --git a/src/basic/rlimit-util.h b/src/basic/rlimit-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..262f86dd04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/rlimit-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
+
+int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);
+
+#define RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(lim) ((struct rlimit) { lim, lim })
diff --git a/src/basic/rm-rf.c b/src/basic/rm-rf.c
index a5daa23f86..8ec7dd75ee 100644
--- a/src/basic/rm-rf.c
+++ b/src/basic/rm-rf.c
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 
 #include "btrfs-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
+#include "mount-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "rm-rf.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/src/basic/selinux-util.c b/src/basic/selinux-util.c
index 7a7dc90e3c..a821a3d5bb 100644
--- a/src/basic/selinux-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/selinux-util.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <selinux/context.h>
 #endif
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "selinux-util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/signal-util.c b/src/basic/signal-util.c
index 730f99e0af..8038bc891d 100644
--- a/src/basic/signal-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/signal-util.c
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#include "signal-util.h"
-
 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
         static const struct sigaction sa = {
                 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
@@ -268,3 +269,7 @@ int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
 
         return signo;
 }
+
+void nop_signal_handler(int sig) {
+        /* nothing here */
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/signal-util.h b/src/basic/signal-util.h
index 5e6eb50b07..e7393e2dac 100644
--- a/src/basic/signal-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/signal-util.h
@@ -39,3 +39,5 @@ const char *signal_to_string(int i) _const_;
 int signal_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 
 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s);
+
+void nop_signal_handler(int sig);
diff --git a/src/basic/smack-util.c b/src/basic/smack-util.c
index 5f570ff02a..fcc046098d 100644
--- a/src/basic/smack-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/smack-util.c
@@ -23,11 +23,14 @@
 
 #include <sys/xattr.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
-#include "process-util.h"
-#include "path-util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
 #include "smack-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SMACK
 bool mac_smack_use(void) {
diff --git a/src/basic/socket-label.c b/src/basic/socket-label.c
index 4099ea6f9f..e5d4efc719 100644
--- a/src/basic/socket-label.c
+++ b/src/basic/socket-label.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/socket-util.c b/src/basic/socket-util.c
index 684ac765f5..1acab1ef95 100644
--- a/src/basic/socket-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/socket-util.c
@@ -30,14 +30,18 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "formats-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 int socket_address_parse(SocketAddress *a, const char *s) {
diff --git a/src/basic/socket-util.h b/src/basic/socket-util.h
index 8b5410b391..c60f2556af 100644
--- a/src/basic/socket-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/socket-util.h
@@ -127,3 +127,6 @@ int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret);
 
 int send_one_fd(int transport_fd, int fd, int flags);
 int receive_one_fd(int transport_fd, int flags);
+
+#define CMSG_FOREACH(cmsg, mh)                                          \
+        for ((cmsg) = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(mh); (cmsg); (cmsg) = CMSG_NXTHDR((mh), (cmsg)))
diff --git a/src/basic/stat-util.c b/src/basic/stat-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3bc66b3be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stat-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+int is_symlink(const char *path) {
+        struct stat info;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
+        struct stat st;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (follow)
+                r = stat(path, &st);
+        else
+                r = lstat(path, &st);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+int is_device_node(const char *path) {
+        struct stat info;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return !!(S_ISBLK(info.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(info.st_mode));
+}
+
+int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+        struct dirent *de;
+
+        d = opendir(path);
+        if (!d)
+                return -errno;
+
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno)
+                return 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
+        assert(st);
+
+        if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
+                return true;
+
+        /* We don't want to hardcode the major/minor of /dev/null,
+         * hence we do a simpler "is this a device node?" check. */
+
+        if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fn);
+
+        if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path) {
+        struct statvfs st;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        if (statvfs(path, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (st.f_flag & ST_RDONLY)
+                return true;
+
+        /* On NFS, statvfs() might not reflect whether we can actually
+         * write to the remote share. Let's try again with
+         * access(W_OK) which is more reliable, at least sometimes. */
+        if (access(path, W_OK) < 0 && errno == EROFS)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+int path_is_os_tree(const char *path) {
+        char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+
+        /* We use /usr/lib/os-release as flag file if something is an OS */
+        p = strjoina(path, "/usr/lib/os-release");
+        r = access(p, F_OK);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                return 1;
+
+        /* Also check for the old location in /etc, just in case. */
+        p = strjoina(path, "/etc/os-release");
+        r = access(p, F_OK);
+
+        return r >= 0;
+}
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
+        struct stat a, b;
+
+        assert(filea);
+        assert(fileb);
+
+        if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
+               a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
+}
+
+bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        assert(s);
+        assert_cc(sizeof(statfs_f_type_t) >= sizeof(s->f_type));
+
+        return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, magic_value);
+}
+
+int fd_check_fstype(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_fs_type(&s, magic_value);
+}
+
+int path_check_fstype(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return fd_check_fstype(fd, magic_value);
+}
+
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
+    return is_fs_type(s, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
+           is_fs_type(s, RAMFS_MAGIC);
+}
+
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
+        struct statfs s;
+
+        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return is_temporary_fs(&s);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/stat-util.h b/src/basic/stat-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..909b220a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stat-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+int is_symlink(const char *path);
+int is_dir(const char *path, bool follow);
+int is_device_node(const char *path);
+
+int dir_is_empty(const char *path);
+
+static inline int dir_is_populated(const char *path) {
+        int r;
+        r = dir_is_empty(path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        return !r;
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
+int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn);
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd);
+
+int path_is_read_only_fs(const char *path);
+int path_is_os_tree(const char *path);
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb);
+
+/* The .f_type field of struct statfs is really weird defined on
+ * different archs. Let's use our own type we know is sufficiently
+ * larger to store the possible values. */
+typedef long statfs_f_type_t;
+
+bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) _pure_;
+int fd_check_fstype(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
+int path_check_fstype(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
+
+bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) _pure_;
+int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd);
+
+/* Because statfs.t_type can be int on some architectures, we have to cast
+ * the const magic to the type, otherwise the compiler warns about
+ * signed/unsigned comparison, because the magic can be 32 bit unsigned.
+ */
+#define F_TYPE_EQUAL(a, b) (a == (typeof(a)) b)
diff --git a/src/basic/stdio-util.h b/src/basic/stdio-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b36e8a947e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/stdio-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <printf.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+#define xsprintf(buf, fmt, ...) \
+        assert_message_se((size_t) snprintf(buf, ELEMENTSOF(buf), fmt, __VA_ARGS__) < ELEMENTSOF(buf), "xsprintf: " #buf "[] must be big enough")
+
+
+#define VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap)                                   \
+do {                                                                    \
+        int _argtypes[128];                                             \
+        size_t _i, _k;                                                  \
+        _k = parse_printf_format((format), ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes), _argtypes); \
+        assert(_k < ELEMENTSOF(_argtypes));                             \
+        for (_i = 0; _i < _k; _i++) {                                   \
+                if (_argtypes[_i] & PA_FLAG_PTR)  {                     \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
+                        continue;                                       \
+                }                                                       \
+                                                                        \
+                switch (_argtypes[_i]) {                                \
+                case PA_INT:                                            \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_SHORT:                              \
+                case PA_CHAR:                                           \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, int);                         \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG:                               \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long int);                    \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_INT|PA_FLAG_LONG_LONG:                          \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long long int);               \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_WCHAR:                                          \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, wchar_t);                     \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_WSTRING:                                        \
+                case PA_STRING:                                         \
+                case PA_POINTER:                                        \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, void*);                       \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_FLOAT:                                          \
+                case PA_DOUBLE:                                         \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, double);                      \
+                        break;                                          \
+                case PA_DOUBLE|PA_FLAG_LONG_DOUBLE:                     \
+                        (void) va_arg(ap, long double);                 \
+                        break;                                          \
+                default:                                                \
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown format string argument."); \
+                }                                                       \
+        }                                                               \
+} while(false)
diff --git a/src/basic/strbuf.c b/src/basic/strbuf.c
index 01a076c2ba..f4f702a05a 100644
--- a/src/basic/strbuf.c
+++ b/src/basic/strbuf.c
@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "strbuf.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 /*
  * Strbuf stores given strings in a single continuous allocated memory
diff --git a/src/basic/string-table.c b/src/basic/string-table.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a860324fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-table.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include "string-table.h"
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
+        size_t i;
+
+        if (!key)
+                return -1;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
+                        return (ssize_t) i;
+
+        return -1;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/string-table.h b/src/basic/string-table.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..51b6007214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/string-table.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+
+ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key);
+
+/* For basic lookup tables with strictly enumerated entries */
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
+        scope const char *name##_to_string(type i) {                    \
+                if (i < 0 || i >= (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table))      \
+                        return NULL;                                    \
+                return name##_table[i];                                 \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
+        scope type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                  \
+                return (type) string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
+        }
+
+#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,scope)                    \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
+        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
+        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
+
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,static)
+#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,static)
+
+/* For string conversions where numbers are also acceptable */
+#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(name,type,max)         \
+        int name##_to_string_alloc(type i, char **str) {                \
+                char *s;                                                \
+                if (i < 0 || i > max)                                   \
+                        return -ERANGE;                                 \
+                if (i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table)) {              \
+                        s = strdup(name##_table[i]);                    \
+                        if (!s)                                         \
+                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
+                } else {                                                \
+                        if (asprintf(&s, "%i", i) < 0)                  \
+                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
+                }                                                       \
+                *str = s;                                               \
+                return 0;                                               \
+        }                                                               \
+        type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                        \
+                type i;                                                 \
+                unsigned u = 0;                                         \
+                if (!s)                                                 \
+                        return (type) -1;                               \
+                for (i = 0; i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table); i++)   \
+                        if (streq_ptr(name##_table[i], s))              \
+                                return i;                               \
+                if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0 && u <= max)                  \
+                        return (type) u;                                \
+                return (type) -1;                                       \
+        }                                                               \
+        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
diff --git a/src/basic/string-util.c b/src/basic/string-util.c
index a7cf4e8520..63b9b79df9 100644
--- a/src/basic/string-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/string-util.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "gunicode.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -765,3 +766,20 @@ char *string_free_erase(char *s) {
         string_erase(s);
         return mfree(s);
 }
+
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
+        const char *t;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        for (t = p; *t; t++) {
+                if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ') /* no control characters */
+                        return false;
+
+                if (strchr(QUOTES "\\\x7f", *t))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/string-util.h b/src/basic/string-util.h
index 7b7c0e5f32..297b8f8232 100644
--- a/src/basic/string-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/string-util.h
@@ -168,3 +168,5 @@ void string_erase(char *x);
 char *string_free_erase(char *s);
 DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(char *, string_free_erase);
 #define _cleanup_string_free_erase_ _cleanup_(string_free_erasep)
+
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/strv.c b/src/basic/strv.c
index f5df269006..ba6df716a7 100644
--- a/src/basic/strv.c
+++ b/src/basic/strv.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "escape.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/syslog-util.c b/src/basic/syslog-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..01577941a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syslog-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#include "assert.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
+#include "syslog-util.h"
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
+        int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
+        int k;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(*p);
+        assert(priority);
+
+        if ((*p)[0] != '<')
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
+                return 0;
+
+        if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
+                c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                k = 3;
+        } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
+                b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+                k = 4;
+        } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
+                a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
+                b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
+                c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
+                k = 5;
+        } else
+                return 0;
+
+        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
+            (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (with_facility)
+                *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
+        else
+                *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
+
+        *p += k;
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
+        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
+
+bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int facility) {
+        return facility >= 0 && facility <= LOG_FAC(~0);
+}
+
+static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
+        [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
+        [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
+        [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
+        [LOG_ERR] = "err",
+        [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
+        [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
+        [LOG_INFO] = "info",
+        [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
+
+bool log_level_is_valid(int level) {
+        return level >= 0 && level <= LOG_DEBUG;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/syslog-util.h b/src/basic/syslog-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eb79c6dbd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/syslog-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);
+bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int faciliy);
+
+int log_level_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
+int log_level_from_string(const char *s);
+bool log_level_is_valid(int level);
+
+int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility);
diff --git a/src/basic/terminal-util.c b/src/basic/terminal-util.c
index 7dfab0af62..b96bfcb8ef 100644
--- a/src/basic/terminal-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/terminal-util.c
@@ -31,12 +31,16 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "io-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "terminal-util.h"
 #include "time-util.h"
@@ -624,84 +628,6 @@ int make_console_stdio(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
-        static const char status_indent[] = "         "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
-        _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-        struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
-        int n = 0;
-        static bool prev_ephemeral;
-
-        assert(format);
-
-        /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
-         * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
-
-        if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
-                return log_oom();
-
-        fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return fd;
-
-        if (ellipse) {
-                char *e;
-                size_t emax, sl;
-                int c;
-
-                c = fd_columns(fd);
-                if (c <= 0)
-                        c = 80;
-
-                sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
-
-                emax = c - sl - 1;
-                if (emax < 3)
-                        emax = 3;
-
-                e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
-                if (e) {
-                        free(s);
-                        s = e;
-                }
-        }
-
-        if (prev_ephemeral)
-                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
-        prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
-
-        if (status) {
-                if (!isempty(status)) {
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
-                } else
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
-        }
-
-        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
-        if (!ephemeral)
-                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
-
-        if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
-        va_list ap;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(format);
-
-        va_start(ap, format);
-        r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
-        va_end(ap);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
         assert(tty);
 
diff --git a/src/basic/terminal-util.h b/src/basic/terminal-util.h
index ee0b68b433..f2185c1c11 100644
--- a/src/basic/terminal-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/terminal-util.h
@@ -71,9 +71,6 @@ int make_stdio(int fd);
 int make_null_stdio(void);
 int make_console_stdio(void);
 
-int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) _printf_(4,0);
-int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) _printf_(4,5);
-
 int fd_columns(int fd);
 unsigned columns(void);
 int fd_lines(int fd);
diff --git a/src/basic/time-util.c b/src/basic/time-util.c
index b348ed4204..9dc280efc6 100644
--- a/src/basic/time-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/time-util.c
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
 #include <sys/timerfd.h>
 #include <sys/timex.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
diff --git a/src/basic/umask-util.h b/src/basic/umask-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8ed34658b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/umask-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+static inline void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
+        umask(*u);
+}
+
+#define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
+
+struct _umask_struct_ {
+        mode_t mask;
+        bool quit;
+};
+
+static inline void _reset_umask_(struct _umask_struct_ *s) {
+        umask(s->mask);
+};
+
+#define RUN_WITH_UMASK(mask)                                            \
+        for (_cleanup_(_reset_umask_) struct _umask_struct_ _saved_umask_ = { umask(mask), false }; \
+             !_saved_umask_.quit ;                                      \
+             _saved_umask_.quit = true)
diff --git a/src/basic/unit-name.c b/src/basic/unit-name.c
index 383c4ab871..0775ae7c14 100644
--- a/src/basic/unit-name.c
+++ b/src/basic/unit-name.c
@@ -22,13 +22,16 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "bus-label.h"
 #include "def.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
-#include "util.h"
 #include "unit-name.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define VALID_CHARS                             \
         DIGITS LETTERS                          \
diff --git a/src/basic/user-util.c b/src/basic/user-util.c
index 7e6c4c645d..d6c936db37 100644
--- a/src/basic/user-util.c
+++ b/src/basic/user-util.c
@@ -22,11 +22,14 @@
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <grp.h>
 
-#include "user-util.h"
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
 #include "macro.h"
-#include "util.h"
-#include "string-util.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 bool uid_is_valid(uid_t uid) {
 
@@ -427,3 +430,43 @@ int reset_uid_gid(void) {
 
         return 0;
 }
+
+int take_etc_passwd_lock(const char *root) {
+
+        struct flock flock = {
+                .l_type = F_WRLCK,
+                .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
+                .l_start = 0,
+                .l_len = 0,
+        };
+
+        const char *path;
+        int fd, r;
+
+        /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
+         * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
+         * our own trivial version of this.
+         *
+         * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
+         * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
+         * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
+         * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
+         * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
+
+        if (root)
+                path = prefix_roota(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
+        else
+                path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
+
+        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                safe_close(fd);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return fd;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/user-util.h b/src/basic/user-util.h
index 7995698f27..11ff6674cf 100644
--- a/src/basic/user-util.h
+++ b/src/basic/user-util.h
@@ -52,3 +52,16 @@ int get_home_dir(char **ret);
 int get_shell(char **_ret);
 
 int reset_uid_gid(void);
+
+int take_etc_passwd_lock(const char *root);
+
+#define UID_INVALID ((uid_t) -1)
+#define GID_INVALID ((gid_t) -1)
+
+/* The following macros add 1 when converting things, since UID 0 is a
+ * valid UID, while the pointer NULL is special */
+#define PTR_TO_UID(p) ((uid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
+#define UID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
+
+#define PTR_TO_GID(p) ((gid_t) (((uintptr_t) (p))-1))
+#define GID_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) (((uintptr_t) (u))+1))
diff --git a/src/basic/utf8.c b/src/basic/utf8.c
index 800884ffee..7600d99903 100644
--- a/src/basic/utf8.c
+++ b/src/basic/utf8.c
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/src/basic/util.c b/src/basic/util.c
index d5227aa6d0..08bdcd28f2 100644
--- a/src/basic/util.c
+++ b/src/basic/util.c
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <glob.h>
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <langinfo.h>
 #include <libintl.h>
@@ -46,7 +45,6 @@
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/personality.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
-#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -54,7 +52,6 @@
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <sys/vfs.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <sys/xattr.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -72,6 +69,7 @@
  * otherwise conflicts with sys/mount.h. Yay, Linux is great! */
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "build.h"
 #include "def.h"
 #include "device-nodes.h"
@@ -89,11 +87,14 @@
 #include "macro.h"
 #include "missing.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
+#include "hexdecoct.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
 #include "random-util.h"
 #include "signal-util.h"
 #include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "terminal-util.h"
@@ -101,6 +102,8 @@
 #include "utf8.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "virt.h"
+#include "dirent-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
 
 /* Put this test here for a lack of better place */
 assert_cc(EAGAIN == EWOULDBLOCK);
@@ -122,1571 +125,6 @@ size_t page_size(void) {
         return pgsz;
 }
 
-int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
-        PROTECT_ERRNO;
-        int r;
-
-        r = unlink(path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
-        assert(v);
-
-        if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
-                return 1;
-        else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
-                return 0;
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
-        unsigned long ul = 0;
-        pid_t pid;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_pid);
-
-        r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        pid = (pid_t) ul;
-
-        if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        if (pid <= 0)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret_pid = pid;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        unsigned long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_u);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_i);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        if ((long) (int) l != l)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret_i = (int) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        unsigned long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret = (uint8_t) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        unsigned long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        if ((unsigned long) (uint16_t) l != l)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret = (uint16_t) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        if ((long) (int16_t) l != l)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret = (int16_t) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        unsigned long long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_llu);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        *ret_llu = l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        long long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_lli);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-
-        *ret_lli = l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
-        char *x = NULL;
-        double d = 0;
-        locale_t loc;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret_d);
-
-        loc = newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", (locale_t) 0);
-        if (loc == (locale_t) 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        errno = 0;
-        d = strtod_l(s, &x, loc);
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) {
-                freelocale(loc);
-                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        freelocale(loc);
-        *ret_d = (double) d;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-
-int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
-        mode_t u;
-        int r;
-
-        u = umask(0777);
-        r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
-        umask(u);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
-        size_t l = 100;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        for (;;) {
-                char *c;
-                ssize_t n;
-
-                c = new(char, l);
-                if (!c)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
-                if (n < 0) {
-                        r = -errno;
-                        free(c);
-                        return r;
-                }
-
-                if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
-                        c[n] = 0;
-                        *ret = c;
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                free(c);
-                l *= 2;
-        }
-}
-
-int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
-        return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
-}
-
-int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *link = NULL;
-        char *value;
-        int r;
-
-        r = readlink_malloc(p, &link);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        value = basename(link);
-        if (!value)
-                return -ENOENT;
-
-        value = strdup(value);
-        if (!value)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        *ret = value;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
-        char *k;
-        int j;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(r);
-
-        j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
-        if (j < 0)
-                return j;
-
-        k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
-        if (!k)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        *r = k;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
-        char *t, *s;
-        int j;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(r);
-
-        j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
-        if (j < 0)
-                return j;
-
-        s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
-        if (s) {
-                free(t);
-                *r = s;
-        } else
-                *r = t;
-
-        path_kill_slashes(*r);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
-        char *e, *ret;
-        size_t k;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(filename);
-
-        /* This removes the last component of path and appends
-         * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
-         * former isn't */
-
-        if (path_is_absolute(filename))
-                return strdup(filename);
-
-        e = strrchr(path, '/');
-        if (!e)
-                return strdup(filename);
-
-        k = strlen(filename);
-        ret = new(char, (e + 1 - path) + k + 1);
-        if (!ret)
-                return NULL;
-
-        memcpy(mempcpy(ret, path, e + 1 - path), filename, k + 1);
-        return ret;
-}
-
-int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
-        size_t l;
-        int r = 0;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(stop);
-
-        l = strlen(path);
-
-        /* Skip trailing slashes */
-        while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
-                l--;
-
-        while (l > 0) {
-                char *t;
-
-                /* Skip last component */
-                while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
-                        l--;
-
-                /* Skip trailing slashes */
-                while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
-                        l--;
-
-                if (l <= 0)
-                        break;
-
-                if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
-                        free(t);
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                r = rmdir(t);
-                free(t);
-
-                if (r < 0)
-                        if (errno != ENOENT)
-                                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-char hexchar(int x) {
-        static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
-
-        return table[x & 15];
-}
-
-int unhexchar(char c) {
-
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                return c - '0';
-
-        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
-                return c - 'a' + 10;
-
-        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
-                return c - 'A' + 10;
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
-        char *r, *z;
-        const uint8_t *x;
-
-        z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return NULL;
-
-        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
-                *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
-                *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-        return r;
-}
-
-int unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len) {
-        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
-        uint8_t *z;
-        const char *x;
-
-        assert(mem);
-        assert(len);
-        assert(p);
-
-        z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
-                int a, b;
-
-                a = unhexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return a;
-                else if (x+1 < p + l) {
-                        b = unhexchar(x[1]);
-                        if (b < 0)
-                                return b;
-                } else
-                        b = 0;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-
-        *mem = r;
-        r = NULL;
-        *len = (l + 1) / 2;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-6
- * Notice that base32hex differs from base32 in the alphabet it uses.
- * The distinction is that the base32hex representation preserves the
- * order of the underlying data when compared as bytestrings, this is
- * useful when representing NSEC3 hashes, as one can then verify the
- * order of hashes directly from their representation. */
-char base32hexchar(int x) {
-        static const char table[32] = "0123456789"
-                                      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV";
-
-        return table[x & 31];
-}
-
-int unbase32hexchar(char c) {
-        unsigned offset;
-
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                return c - '0';
-
-        offset = '9' - '0' + 1;
-
-        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'V')
-                return c - 'A' + offset;
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding) {
-        char *r, *z;
-        const uint8_t *x;
-        size_t len;
-
-        if (padding)
-                /* five input bytes makes eight output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
-                len = 8 * (l + 4) / 5;
-        else {
-                /* same, but round down as there is no padding */
-                len = 8 * l / 5;
-
-                switch (l % 5) {
-                case 4:
-                        len += 7;
-                        break;
-                case 3:
-                        len += 5;
-                        break;
-                case 2:
-                        len += 4;
-                        break;
-                case 1:
-                        len += 2;
-                        break;
-                }
-        }
-
-        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return NULL;
-
-        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 5) * 5; x += 5) {
-                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ
-                   x[3] == QQQQQQQQ; x[4] == WWWWWWWW */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);  /* 000YZZZZ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3 | x[4] >> 5);  /* 000QQWWW */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[4] & 31));                  /* 000WWWWW */
-        }
-
-        switch (l % 5) {
-        case 4:
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                    /* 000XXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6);  /* 000XXXYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);             /* 000YYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4);   /* 000YZZZZ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1 | x[3] >> 7); /* 000ZZZZQ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 127) >> 2);            /* 000QQQQQ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[3] & 3) << 3);              /* 000QQ000 */
-                if (padding)
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-
-                break;
-
-        case 3:
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4 | x[2] >> 4); /* 000YZZZZ */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[2] & 15) << 1);            /* 000ZZZZ0 */
-                if (padding) {
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                }
-
-                break;
-
-        case 2:
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);                   /* 000XXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2 | x[1] >> 6); /* 000XXXYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 63) >> 1);            /* 000YYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[1] & 1) << 4);             /* 000Y0000 */
-                if (padding) {
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                }
-
-                break;
-
-        case 1:
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar(x[0] >> 3);       /* 000XXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base32hexchar((x[0] & 7) << 2); /* 000XXX00 */
-                if (padding) {
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                        *(z++) = '=';
-                }
-
-                break;
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-        return r;
-}
-
-int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *_len) {
-        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
-        int a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h;
-        uint8_t *z;
-        const char *x;
-        size_t len;
-        unsigned pad = 0;
-
-        assert(p);
-
-        /* padding ensures any base32hex input has input divisible by 8 */
-        if (padding && l % 8 != 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (padding) {
-                /* strip the padding */
-                while (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=' && pad < 7) {
-                        pad ++;
-                        l --;
-                }
-        }
-
-        /* a group of eight input bytes needs five output bytes, in case of
-           padding we need to add some extra bytes */
-        len = (l / 8) * 5;
-
-        switch (l % 8) {
-        case 7:
-                len += 4;
-                break;
-        case 5:
-                len += 3;
-                break;
-        case 4:
-                len += 2;
-                break;
-        case 2:
-                len += 1;
-                break;
-        case 0:
-                break;
-        default:
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        for (x = p; x < p + (l / 8) * 8; x += 8) {
-                /* a == 000XXXXX; b == 000YYYYY; c == 000ZZZZZ; d == 000WWWWW
-                   e == 000SSSSS; f == 000QQQQQ; g == 000VVVVV; h == 000RRRRR */
-                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
-                if (d < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
-                if (e < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
-                if (f < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
-                if (g < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                h = unbase32hexchar(x[7]);
-                if (h < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) g << 5 | (uint8_t) h;                         /* VVVRRRRR */
-        }
-
-        switch (l % 8) {
-        case 7:
-                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
-                if (d < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
-                if (e < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                f = unbase32hexchar(x[5]);
-                if (f < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                g = unbase32hexchar(x[6]);
-                if (g < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* g == 000VV000 */
-                if (g & 7)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) e << 7 | (uint8_t) f << 2 | (uint8_t) g >> 3; /* SQQQQQVV */
-
-                break;
-        case 5:
-                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
-                if (d < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                e = unbase32hexchar(x[4]);
-                if (e < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* e == 000SSSS0 */
-                if (e & 1)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) d << 4 | (uint8_t) e >> 1;                    /* WWWWSSSS */
-
-                break;
-        case 4:
-                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase32hexchar(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                d = unbase32hexchar(x[3]);
-                if (d < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* d == 000W0000 */
-                if (d & 15)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2;                    /* XXXXXYYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 6 | (uint8_t) c << 1 | (uint8_t) d >> 4; /* YYZZZZZW */
-
-                break;
-        case 2:
-                a = unbase32hexchar(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase32hexchar(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* b == 000YYY00 */
-                if (b & 3)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 3 | (uint8_t) b >> 2; /* XXXXXYYY */
-
-                break;
-        case 0:
-                break;
-        default:
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-
-        *mem = r;
-        r = NULL;
-        *_len = len;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-/* https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648#section-4 */
-char base64char(int x) {
-        static const char table[64] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-                                      "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-                                      "0123456789+/";
-        return table[x & 63];
-}
-
-int unbase64char(char c) {
-        unsigned offset;
-
-        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')
-                return c - 'A';
-
-        offset = 'Z' - 'A' + 1;
-
-        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
-                return c - 'a' + offset;
-
-        offset += 'z' - 'a' + 1;
-
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                return c - '0' + offset;
-
-        offset += '9' - '0' + 1;
-
-        if (c == '+')
-                return offset;
-
-        offset ++;
-
-        if (c == '/')
-                return offset;
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-char *base64mem(const void *p, size_t l) {
-        char *r, *z;
-        const uint8_t *x;
-
-        /* three input bytes makes four output bytes, padding is added so we must round up */
-        z = r = malloc(4 * (l + 2) / 3 + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return NULL;
-
-        for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + (l / 3) * 3; x += 3) {
-                /* x[0] == XXXXXXXX; x[1] == YYYYYYYY; x[2] == ZZZZZZZZ */
-                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                    /* 00XXXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4);  /* 00XXYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2 | x[2] >> 6); /* 00YYYYZZ */
-                *(z++) = base64char(x[2] & 63);                    /* 00ZZZZZZ */
-        }
-
-        switch (l % 3) {
-        case 2:
-                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);                   /* 00XXXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4 | x[1] >> 4); /* 00XXYYYY */
-                *(z++) = base64char((x[1] & 15) << 2);            /* 00YYYY00 */
-                *(z++) = '=';
-
-                break;
-        case 1:
-                *(z++) = base64char(x[0] >> 2);        /* 00XXXXXX */
-                *(z++) = base64char((x[0] & 3) << 4);  /* 00XX0000 */
-                *(z++) = '=';
-                *(z++) = '=';
-
-                break;
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-        return r;
-}
-
-int unbase64mem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *_len) {
-        _cleanup_free_ uint8_t *r = NULL;
-        int a, b, c, d;
-        uint8_t *z;
-        const char *x;
-        size_t len;
-
-        assert(p);
-
-        /* padding ensures any base63 input has input divisible by 4 */
-        if (l % 4 != 0)
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        /* strip the padding */
-        if (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=')
-                l --;
-        if (l > 0 && p[l - 1] == '=')
-                l --;
-
-        /* a group of four input bytes needs three output bytes, in case of
-           padding we need to add two or three extra bytes */
-        len = (l / 4) * 3 + (l % 4 ? (l % 4) - 1 : 0);
-
-        z = r = malloc(len + 1);
-        if (!r)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        for (x = p; x < p + (l / 4) * 4; x += 4) {
-                /* a == 00XXXXXX; b == 00YYYYYY; c == 00ZZZZZZ; d == 00WWWWWW */
-                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase64char(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                d = unbase64char(x[3]);
-                if (d < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) c << 6 | (uint8_t) d;      /* ZZWWWWWW */
-        }
-
-        switch (l % 4) {
-        case 3:
-                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                c = unbase64char(x[2]);
-                if (c < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* c == 00ZZZZ00 */
-                if (c & 3)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) b >> 4; /* XXXXXXYY */
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) b << 4 | (uint8_t) c >> 2; /* YYYYZZZZ */
-
-                break;
-        case 2:
-                a = unbase64char(x[0]);
-                if (a < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                b = unbase64char(x[1]);
-                if (b < 0)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                /* b == 00YY0000 */
-                if (b & 15)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 2 | (uint8_t) (b >> 4); /* XXXXXXYY */
-
-                break;
-        case 0:
-
-                break;
-        default:
-                return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        *z = 0;
-
-        *mem = r;
-        r = NULL;
-        *_len = len;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-char octchar(int x) {
-        return '0' + (x & 7);
-}
-
-int unoctchar(char c) {
-
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
-                return c - '0';
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-char decchar(int x) {
-        return '0' + (x % 10);
-}
-
-int undecchar(char c) {
-
-        if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
-                return c - '0';
-
-        return -EINVAL;
-}
-
-_pure_ static bool hidden_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
-        assert(filename);
-
-        return
-                filename[0] == '.' ||
-                streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
-                streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
-                streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-dist") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-bak") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-backup") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".dpkg-remove") ||
-                endswith(filename, ".swp");
-}
-
-bool hidden_file(const char *filename) {
-        assert(filename);
-
-        if (endswith(filename, "~"))
-                return true;
-
-        return hidden_file_allow_backup(filename);
-}
-
-bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
-        static const char table[] =
-                "afs\0"
-                "cifs\0"
-                "smbfs\0"
-                "sshfs\0"
-                "ncpfs\0"
-                "ncp\0"
-                "nfs\0"
-                "nfs4\0"
-                "gfs\0"
-                "gfs2\0"
-                "glusterfs\0";
-
-        const char *x;
-
-        x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
-        if (x)
-                fstype = x;
-
-        return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
-}
-
-int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size) {
-
-        /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffixes, and
-         * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
-         * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
-         * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
-         * hardware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
-         * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
-         * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
-         *
-         * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
-         * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
-         * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
-         * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
-         * call. */
-
-        struct table {
-                const char *suffix;
-                unsigned long long factor;
-        };
-
-        static const struct table iec[] = {
-                { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
-                { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
-                { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
-                { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
-                { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
-                { "K", 1024ULL },
-                { "B", 1ULL },
-                { "",  1ULL },
-        };
-
-        static const struct table si[] = {
-                { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
-                { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
-                { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
-                { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
-                { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
-                { "K", 1000ULL },
-                { "B", 1ULL },
-                { "",  1ULL },
-        };
-
-        const struct table *table;
-        const char *p;
-        unsigned long long r = 0;
-        unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
-
-        assert(t);
-        assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
-        assert(size);
-
-        if (base == 1000) {
-                table = si;
-                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
-        } else {
-                table = iec;
-                n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
-        }
-
-        p = t;
-        do {
-                unsigned long long l, tmp;
-                double frac = 0;
-                char *e;
-                unsigned i;
-
-                p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
-                if (*p == '-')
-                        return -ERANGE;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                l = strtoull(p, &e, 10);
-                if (errno > 0)
-                        return -errno;
-                if (e == p)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                if (*e == '.') {
-                        e++;
-
-                        /* strtoull() itself would accept space/+/- */
-                        if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
-                                unsigned long long l2;
-                                char *e2;
-
-                                l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
-                                if (errno > 0)
-                                        return -errno;
-
-                                /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
-                                frac = l2;
-                                for (; e < e2; e++)
-                                        frac /= 10;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
-
-                for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
-                        if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix))
-                                break;
-
-                if (i >= n_entries)
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
-                if (l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
-                        return -ERANGE;
-
-                tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
-                if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
-                        return -ERANGE;
-
-                r += tmp;
-                if ((unsigned long long) (uint64_t) r != r)
-                        return -ERANGE;
-
-                p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
-
-                start_pos = i + 1;
-
-        } while (*p);
-
-        *size = r;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
-
-        /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
-         * sysfs or in /dev */
-
-        return
-                path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
-                path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
-}
-
-int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
-        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
-        struct dirent *de;
-
-        d = opendir(path);
-        if (!d)
-                return -errno;
-
-        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno)
-                return 0;
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
-        char *d, *dir, *dir2;
-
-        d = strdup(path);
-        if (!d)
-                return NULL;
-        dir = dirname(d);
-        assert(dir);
-
-        if (dir != d) {
-                dir2 = strdup(dir);
-                free(d);
-                return dir2;
-        }
-
-        return dir;
-}
-
-void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
-        assert(name);
-
-        /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
-         * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
-         * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
-         * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
-         * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
-         * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
-         * truncated */
-
-        prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
-
-        if (program_invocation_name)
-                strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
-
-        if (saved_argc > 0) {
-                int i;
-
-                if (saved_argv[0])
-                        strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
-
-                for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
-                        if (!saved_argv[i])
-                                break;
-
-                        memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
-                }
-        }
-}
-
-bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
-        assert(s);
-        assert_cc(sizeof(statfs_f_type_t) >= sizeof(s->f_type));
-
-        return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, magic_value);
-}
-
-int fd_check_fstype(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
-        struct statfs s;
-
-        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return is_fs_type(&s, magic_value);
-}
-
-int path_check_fstype(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) {
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-
-        fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return fd_check_fstype(fd, magic_value);
-}
-
-bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) {
-    return is_fs_type(s, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
-           is_fs_type(s, RAMFS_MAGIC);
-}
-
-int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd) {
-        struct statfs s;
-
-        if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return is_temporary_fs(&s);
-}
-
-int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
-        assert(path);
-
-        /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
-         * first change the access mode and only then hand out
-         * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
-
-        if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
-                if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
-                if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
-         * first change the access mode and only then hand out
-         * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
-
-        if (mode != MODE_INVALID)
-                if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID)
-                if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
-        struct stat a, b;
-
-        if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
-               a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
-}
-
-int running_in_chroot(void) {
-        int ret;
-
-        ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
-        if (ret < 0)
-                return ret;
-
-        return ret == 0;
-}
-
-int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        if (parents)
-                mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
-
-        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (mode > 0) {
-                r = fchmod(fd, mode);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-
-        if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
-                r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-
-        if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
-                struct timespec ts[2];
-
-                timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
-                ts[1] = ts[0];
-                r = futimens(fd, ts);
-        } else
-                r = futimens(fd, NULL);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int touch(const char *path) {
-        return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
-}
-
-static char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
-        size_t l;
-        assert(s);
-
-        /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
-         * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
-         * escaping or anything.
-         *
-         * DON'T USE THIS FOR NEW CODE ANYMORE!*/
-
-        l = strlen(s);
-        if (l < 2)
-                return strdup(s);
-
-        if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
-                return strndup(s+1, l-2);
-
-        return strdup(s);
-}
-
-noreturn void freeze(void) {
-
-        /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
-        close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
-
-        sync();
-
-        for (;;)
-                pause();
-}
-
-bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
-        assert(st);
-
-        if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
-                return true;
-
-        if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
-                return true;
-
-        return false;
-}
-
-int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(fn);
-
-        if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return null_or_empty(&st);
-}
-
-int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return null_or_empty(&st);
-}
-
-DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
-        int nfd;
-        DIR *d;
-
-        assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
-
-        nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
-        if (nfd < 0)
-                return NULL;
-
-        d = fdopendir(nfd);
-        if (!d) {
-                safe_close(nfd);
-                return NULL;
-        }
-
-        return d;
-}
-
-static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
-        size_t enc_len;
-
-        u = unquote(tagvalue, QUOTES);
-        if (!u)
-                return NULL;
-
-        enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
-        t = new(char, enc_len);
-        if (!t)
-                return NULL;
-
-        if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
-                return NULL;
-
-        return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
-}
-
-char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
-        assert(p);
-
-        if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
-                return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
-
-        if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
-                return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
-
-        if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
-                return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
-
-        if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
-                return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
-
-        return strdup(p);
-}
-
-bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
-        assert(de);
-
-        if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
-                return false;
-
-        if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
-            de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
-            de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
-                return false;
-
-        return true;
-}
-
-bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
-        assert(de);
-
-        if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
-            de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
-            de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
-                return false;
-
-        if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
-                return false;
-
-        return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
-}
-
 static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
         _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
         _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
@@ -1831,125 +269,6 @@ bool plymouth_running(void) {
         return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
 }
 
-int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
-        FILE *f;
-        char *t;
-        int r, fd;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(_f);
-        assert(_temp_path);
-
-        r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, NULL, &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-                free(t);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        f = fdopen(fd, "we");
-        if (!f) {
-                unlink_noerrno(t);
-                free(t);
-                safe_close(fd);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        *_f = f;
-        *_temp_path = t;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(from);
-        assert(to);
-
-        r = tempfn_random(to, NULL, &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
-                unlink_noerrno(t);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(from);
-        assert(to);
-
-        if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
-                if (errno != EEXIST)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                r = readlink_malloc(to, &p);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (!streq(p, from))
-                        return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
-                unlink_noerrno(t);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        r = tempfn_random(path, NULL, &t);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
-                unlink_noerrno(t);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
         assert(display);
 
@@ -1984,135 +303,6 @@ int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int glob_exists(const char *path) {
-        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
-        int k;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
-
-        if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
-                return 0;
-        else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        else if (k == 0)
-                return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
-        else
-                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
-}
-
-int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
-        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
-        int k;
-        char **p;
-
-        errno = 0;
-        k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
-
-        if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
-                return -ENOENT;
-        else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
-                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
-                k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
-                if (k < 0)
-                        break;
-        }
-
-        return k;
-}
-
-int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(d);
-        assert(de);
-
-        if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        de->d_type =
-                S_ISREG(st.st_mode)  ? DT_REG  :
-                S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)  ? DT_DIR  :
-                S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)  ? DT_LNK  :
-                S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
-                S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
-                S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)  ? DT_CHR  :
-                S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)  ? DT_BLK  :
-                                       DT_UNKNOWN;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
-        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
-        size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-        /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
-         * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
-         * number. */
-
-        d = opendir(path);
-        if (!d)
-                return -errno;
-
-        for (;;) {
-                struct dirent *de;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                de = readdir(d);
-                if (!de && errno != 0)
-                        return -errno;
-                if (!de)
-                        break;
-
-                dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
-
-                if (!dirent_is_file(de))
-                        continue;
-
-                if (list) {
-                        /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
-                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-
-                        l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
-                        if (!l[n])
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-
-                        l[++n] = NULL;
-                } else
-                        n++;
-        }
-
-        if (list) {
-                *list = l;
-                l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
-        }
-
-        return n;
-}
-
-bool is_main_thread(void) {
-        static thread_local int cached = 0;
-
-        if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
-                cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
-
-        return cached > 0;
-}
-
 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
         char *p, *s;
         int r;
@@ -2173,103 +363,6 @@ int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
         return -ENOENT;
 }
 
-static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
-        [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
-        [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
-        [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
-        [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
-
-static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
-        [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
-        [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
-        [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
-        [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
-        [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
-        [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
-
-static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
-        [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
-
-bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int facility) {
-        return facility >= 0 && facility <= LOG_FAC(~0);
-}
-
-static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
-        [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
-        [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
-        [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
-        [LOG_ERR] = "err",
-        [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
-        [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
-        [LOG_INFO] = "info",
-        [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
-
-bool log_level_is_valid(int level) {
-        return level >= 0 && level <= LOG_DEBUG;
-}
-
-static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
-        [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
-        [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
-        [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
-        [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
-        [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
-
-static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
-        [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
-        [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
-        [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
-        [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
-        [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
-        [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
-        [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
-        [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
-        [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
-        [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
-        [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
-        [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
-        [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
-        [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
-        [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
-        [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
-
 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
        bool loaded = false;
        char *s;
@@ -2300,58 +393,6 @@ int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
         }
 }
 
-char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t) {
-        unsigned i;
-
-        static const struct {
-                const char *suffix;
-                uint64_t factor;
-        } table[] = {
-                { "E", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
-                { "P", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
-                { "T", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
-                { "G", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
-                { "M", UINT64_C(1024)*UINT64_C(1024) },
-                { "K", UINT64_C(1024) },
-        };
-
-        if (t == (uint64_t) -1)
-                return NULL;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
-
-                if (t >= table[i].factor) {
-                        snprintf(buf, l,
-                                 "%" PRIu64 ".%" PRIu64 "%s",
-                                 t / table[i].factor,
-                                 ((t*UINT64_C(10)) / table[i].factor) % UINT64_C(10),
-                                 table[i].suffix);
-
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-        }
-
-        snprintf(buf, l, "%" PRIu64 "B", t);
-
-finish:
-        buf[l-1] = 0;
-        return buf;
-
-}
-
-void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
-        void *r;
-
-        assert(p);
-
-        r = malloc(l);
-        if (!r)
-                return NULL;
-
-        memcpy(r, p, l);
-        return r;
-}
-
 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
         bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
         pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
@@ -2454,82 +495,6 @@ int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *pa
         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 }
 
-int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
-        struct rlimit highest, fixed;
-
-        assert(rlim);
-
-        if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (errno != EPERM)
-                return -errno;
-
-        /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
-         * to get as close as we can */
-        assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
-
-        fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
-        fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
-
-        if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
-        if (isempty(etag))
-                return false;
-
-        if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
-                return false;
-
-        if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
-                return false;
-
-        return true;
-}
-
-bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
-        const char *p;
-
-        if (isempty(url))
-                return false;
-
-        p = startswith(url, "http://");
-        if (!p)
-                p = startswith(url, "https://");
-        if (!p)
-                return false;
-
-        if (isempty(p))
-                return false;
-
-        return ascii_is_valid(p);
-}
-
-bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
-        const char *p;
-
-        if (isempty(url))
-                return false;
-
-        if (http_url_is_valid(url))
-                return true;
-
-        p = startswith(url, "file:/");
-        if (!p)
-                p = startswith(url, "info:");
-        if (!p)
-                p = startswith(url, "man:");
-
-        if (isempty(p))
-                return false;
-
-        return ascii_is_valid(p);
-}
-
 bool in_initrd(void) {
         static int saved = -1;
         struct statfs s;
@@ -2554,64 +519,6 @@ bool in_initrd(void) {
         return saved;
 }
 
-bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) {
-
-        if (isempty(p))
-                return false;
-
-        if (strchr(p, '/'))
-                return false;
-
-        if (streq(p, "."))
-                return false;
-
-        if (streq(p, ".."))
-                return false;
-
-        if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
-                return false;
-
-        return true;
-}
-
-bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
-        const char *t;
-
-        if (!p)
-                return false;
-
-        for (t = p; *t; t++) {
-                if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
-                        return false;
-
-                if (strchr("\\\"\'\x7f", *t))
-                        return false;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-}
-
-bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
-
-        if (isempty(p))
-                return false;
-
-        if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
-                return false;
-
-        if (strlen(p)+1 > PATH_MAX)
-                return false;
-
-        /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
-        if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
-                return false;
-
-        if (strstr(p, "//"))
-                return false;
-
-        return true;
-}
-
 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
                  int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
@@ -2635,83 +542,6 @@ void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
         return NULL;
 }
 
-void init_gettext(void) {
-        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
-        textdomain(GETTEXT_PACKAGE);
-}
-
-bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
-        const char *set;
-        static int cached_answer = -1;
-
-        if (cached_answer >= 0)
-                goto out;
-
-        if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
-                cached_answer = true;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
-        if (!set) {
-                cached_answer = true;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
-                cached_answer = true;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
-         * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
-        set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
-        if (!set) {
-                cached_answer = true;
-                goto out;
-        }
-
-        /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
-         * explicitly. */
-        cached_answer =
-                STR_IN_SET(set, "C", "POSIX") &&
-                !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
-                !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
-                !getenv("LANG");
-
-out:
-        return (bool) cached_answer;
-}
-
-const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
-        static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
-
-                /* UTF-8 */ {
-                        [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL]      = "\342\224\202 ",            /* │  */
-                        [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
-                        [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
-                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",                       /*    */
-                        [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = "\342\200\243",             /* ‣ */
-                        [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE]       = "\342\227\217",             /* ● */
-                        [DRAW_ARROW]              = "\342\206\222",             /* → */
-                        [DRAW_DASH]               = "\342\200\223",             /* – */
-                },
-
-                /* ASCII fallback */ {
-                        [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL]      = "| ",
-                        [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "|-",
-                        [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "`-",
-                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",
-                        [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = ">",
-                        [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE]       = "*",
-                        [DRAW_ARROW]              = "->",
-                        [DRAW_DASH]               = "-",
-                }
-        };
-
-        return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
-}
-
 int on_ac_power(void) {
         bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
@@ -2788,133 +618,6 @@ int on_ac_power(void) {
         return found_online || !found_offline;
 }
 
-static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
-        char **i;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(mode);
-        assert(_f);
-
-        if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
-                FILE *f;
-
-                if (root)
-                        p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
-                else
-                        p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
-                if (!p)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                f = fopen(p, mode);
-                if (f) {
-                        *_f = f;
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                if (errno != ENOENT)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return -ENOENT;
-}
-
-int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(mode);
-        assert(_f);
-
-        if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
-                FILE *f;
-
-                f = fopen(path, mode);
-                if (f) {
-                        *_f = f;
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
-        if (!copy)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
-}
-
-int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
-        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
-
-        if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
-                FILE *f;
-
-                f = fopen(path, mode);
-                if (f) {
-                        *_f = f;
-                        return 0;
-                }
-
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
-        if (!s)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
-}
-
-void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
-        size_t a, newalloc;
-        void *q;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(allocated);
-
-        if (*allocated >= need)
-                return *p;
-
-        newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
-        a = newalloc * size;
-
-        /* check for overflows */
-        if (a < size * need)
-                return NULL;
-
-        q = realloc(*p, a);
-        if (!q)
-                return NULL;
-
-        *p = q;
-        *allocated = newalloc;
-        return q;
-}
-
-void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
-        size_t prev;
-        uint8_t *q;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(allocated);
-
-        prev = *allocated;
-
-        q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
-        if (!q)
-                return NULL;
-
-        if (*allocated > prev)
-                memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
-
-        return q;
-}
-
 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
         size_t i, l;
 
@@ -2956,120 +659,6 @@ bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
         return true;
 }
 
-int shall_restore_state(void) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        r = get_proc_cmdline_key("systemd.restore_state=", &value);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        if (r == 0)
-                return true;
-
-        return parse_boolean(value) != 0;
-}
-
-int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
-        assert(ret);
-
-        if (detect_container() > 0)
-                return get_process_cmdline(1, 0, false, ret);
-        else
-                return read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
-}
-
-int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
-        const char *p;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(parse_item);
-
-        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        p = line;
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-                char *value = NULL;
-
-                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_RELAX);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
-                 * initrd */
-                if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
-                        continue;
-
-                value = strchr(word, '=');
-                if (value)
-                        *(value++) = 0;
-
-                r = parse_item(word, value);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *key, char **value) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL, *ret = NULL;
-        bool found = false;
-        const char *p;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(key);
-
-        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        p = line;
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
-                const char *e;
-
-                r = extract_first_word(&p, &word, NULL, EXTRACT_QUOTES|EXTRACT_RELAX);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-                if (r == 0)
-                        break;
-
-                /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
-                 * initrd */
-                if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
-                        continue;
-
-                if (value) {
-                        e = startswith(word, key);
-                        if (!e)
-                                continue;
-
-                        r = free_and_strdup(&ret, e);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        found = true;
-                } else {
-                        if (streq(word, key))
-                                found = true;
-                }
-        }
-
-        if (value) {
-                *value = ret;
-                ret = NULL;
-        }
-
-        return found;
-
-}
-
 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
         const char *p;
@@ -3219,136 +808,6 @@ int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int userns_fd, int
         return reset_uid_gid();
 }
 
-/* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
-int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
-        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
-        int fd;
-
-        assert(pattern);
-
-        u = umask(077);
-
-        fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return fd;
-}
-
-int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
-        char *p;
-        int fd;
-
-        assert(path);
-
-#ifdef O_TMPFILE
-        /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
-        fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE|O_EXCL, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
-        if (fd >= 0)
-                return fd;
-#endif
-
-        /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
-        p = strjoina(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
-
-        fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return fd;
-
-        unlink(p);
-        return fd;
-}
-
-int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (st.st_mode & 0111)
-                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
-
-        if (st.st_mode & 0002)
-                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
-
-        if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
-                log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
-
-        /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
-         * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
-         * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
-         * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
-         * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
-         * used by libseccomp. */
-
-#if defined(__x86_64__)
-
-        if (streq(p, "x86"))
-                return PER_LINUX32;
-
-        if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
-                return PER_LINUX;
-
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-
-        if (streq(p, "x86"))
-                return PER_LINUX;
-
-#elif defined(__s390x__)
-
-        if (streq(p, "s390"))
-                return PER_LINUX32;
-
-        if (streq(p, "s390x"))
-                return PER_LINUX;
-
-#elif defined(__s390__)
-
-        if (streq(p, "s390"))
-                return PER_LINUX;
-#endif
-
-        return PERSONALITY_INVALID;
-}
-
-const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
-
-#if defined(__x86_64__)
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX32)
-                return "x86";
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX)
-                return "x86-64";
-
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX)
-                return "x86";
-
-#elif defined(__s390x__)
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX)
-                return "s390x";
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX32)
-                return "s390";
-
-#elif defined(__s390__)
-
-        if (p == PER_LINUX)
-                return "s390";
-
-#endif
-
-        return NULL;
-}
-
 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
         long mem;
 
@@ -3361,49 +820,6 @@ uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
         return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
 }
 
-void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
-        const uint8_t *b = p;
-        unsigned n = 0;
-
-        assert(s == 0 || b);
-
-        while (s > 0) {
-                size_t i;
-
-                fprintf(f, "%04x  ", n);
-
-                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-
-                        if (i >= s)
-                                fputs("   ", f);
-                        else
-                                fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
-
-                        if (i == 7)
-                                fputc(' ', f);
-                }
-
-                fputc(' ', f);
-
-                for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-
-                        if (i >= s)
-                                fputc(' ', f);
-                        else
-                                fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
-                }
-
-                fputc('\n', f);
-
-                if (s < 16)
-                        break;
-
-                n += 16;
-                b += 16;
-                s -= 16;
-        }
-}
-
 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
         int r = 0;
 
@@ -3417,846 +833,8 @@ int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
-        bool again;
-        int n = 0, r;
-
-        /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
-         * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
-         * unmounting them until they are gone. */
-
-        do {
-                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
-
-                again = false;
-                r = 0;
-
-                proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
-                if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
-                        int k;
-
-                        k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
-                                   "%*s "       /* (1) mount id */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (2) parent id */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (3) major:minor */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (4) root */
-                                   "%ms "       /* (5) mount point */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (6) mount options */
-                                   "%*[^-]"     /* (7) optional fields */
-                                   "- "         /* (8) separator */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (9) file system type */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (10) mount source */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (11) mount options 2 */
-                                   "%*[^\n]",   /* some rubbish at the end */
-                                   &path);
-                        if (k != 1) {
-                                if (k == EOF)
-                                        break;
-
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
-                                continue;
-
-                        if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
-                                r = -errno;
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        again = true;
-                        n++;
-
-                        break;
-                }
-
-        } while (again);
-
-        return r ? r : n;
-}
-
-static int get_mount_flags(const char *path, unsigned long *flags) {
-        struct statvfs buf;
-
-        if (statvfs(path, &buf) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-        *flags = buf.f_flag;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
-        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
-        _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
-        int r;
-
-        /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
-         * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
-         * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
-         * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
-         * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
-         * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
-         * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
-         * the same mount point we only care for each individual
-         * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
-         * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
-         * have any effect on future submounts that might get
-         * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
-         * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
-
-        cleaned = strdup(prefix);
-        if (!cleaned)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
-
-        done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
-        if (!done)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        for (;;) {
-                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
-                _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
-                bool top_autofs = false;
-                char *x;
-                unsigned long orig_flags;
-
-                todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
-                if (!todo)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
-                if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                for (;;) {
-                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
-                        int k;
-
-                        k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
-                                   "%*s "       /* (1) mount id */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (2) parent id */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (3) major:minor */
-                                   "%*s "       /* (4) root */
-                                   "%ms "       /* (5) mount point */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
-                                   "%*[^-]"     /* (7) optional fields */
-                                   "- "         /* (8) separator */
-                                   "%ms "       /* (9) file system type */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (10) mount source */
-                                   "%*s"        /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
-                                   "%*[^\n]",   /* some rubbish at the end */
-                                   &path,
-                                   &type);
-                        if (k != 2) {
-                                if (k == EOF)
-                                        break;
-
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        /* Let's ignore autofs mounts.  If they aren't
-                         * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
-                         * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
-                         * future submounts anyway.  If they are
-                         * already triggered, then we will find
-                         * another entry for this. */
-                        if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
-                                top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
-                                continue;
-                        }
-
-                        if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
-                            !set_contains(done, p)) {
-
-                                r = set_consume(todo, p);
-                                p = NULL;
-
-                                if (r == -EEXIST)
-                                        continue;
-                                if (r < 0)
-                                        return r;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
-                 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
-                 * are done */
-                if (set_isempty(todo) &&
-                    (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
-                        return 0;
-
-                if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
-                    !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
-                        /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
-                         * mount, make it one. */
-                        if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
-                                return -errno;
-
-                        orig_flags = 0;
-                        (void) get_mount_flags(cleaned, &orig_flags);
-                        orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
-
-                        if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
-                                return -errno;
-
-                        x = strdup(cleaned);
-                        if (!x)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-
-                        r = set_consume(done, x);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-                }
-
-                while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
-
-                        r = set_consume(done, x);
-                        if (r == -EEXIST || r == 0)
-                                continue;
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                return r;
-
-                        /* Try to reuse the original flag set, but
-                         * don't care for errors, in case of
-                         * obstructed mounts */
-                        orig_flags = 0;
-                        (void) get_mount_flags(x, &orig_flags);
-                        orig_flags &= ~MS_RDONLY;
-
-                        if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, orig_flags|MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
-
-                                /* Deal with mount points that are
-                                 * obstructed by a later mount */
-
-                                if (errno != ENOENT)
-                                        return -errno;
-                        }
-
-                }
-        }
-}
-
-int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
-        assert(f);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        fflush(f);
-
-        if (ferror(f))
-                return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
-        const char *fn;
-        char *t;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        /*
-         * Turns this:
-         *         /foo/bar/waldo
-         *
-         * Into this:
-         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldoXXXXXX
-         */
-
-        fn = basename(p);
-        if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (extra == NULL)
-                extra = "";
-
-        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 6 + 1);
-        if (!t)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn), "XXXXXX");
-
-        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
-        const char *fn;
-        char *t, *x;
-        uint64_t u;
-        unsigned i;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        /*
-         * Turns this:
-         *         /foo/bar/waldo
-         *
-         * Into this:
-         *         /foo/bar/.#<extra>waldobaa2a261115984a9
-         */
-
-        fn = basename(p);
-        if (!filename_is_valid(fn))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (!extra)
-                extra = "";
-
-        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 2 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
-        if (!t)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, fn - p), ".#"), extra), fn);
-
-        u = random_u64();
-        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
-                u >>= 4;
-        }
-
-        *x = 0;
-
-        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret) {
-        char *t, *x;
-        uint64_t u;
-        unsigned i;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        /* Turns this:
-         *         /foo/bar/waldo
-         * Into this:
-         *         /foo/bar/waldo/.#<extra>3c2b6219aa75d7d0
-         */
-
-        if (!extra)
-                extra = "";
-
-        t = new(char, strlen(p) + 3 + strlen(extra) + 16 + 1);
-        if (!t)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        x = stpcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(t, p), "/.#"), extra);
-
-        u = random_u64();
-        for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
-                *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
-                u >>= 4;
-        }
-
-        *x = 0;
-
-        *ret = path_kill_slashes(t);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
-
-        struct flock flock = {
-                .l_type = F_WRLCK,
-                .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
-                .l_start = 0,
-                .l_len = 0,
-        };
-
-        const char *path;
-        int fd, r;
-
-        /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
-         * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
-         * our own trivial version of this.
-         *
-         * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
-         * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
-         * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
-         * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
-         * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
-
-        if (root)
-                path = strjoina(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
-        else
-                path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
-
-        fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                safe_close(fd);
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return fd;
-}
-
-int is_symlink(const char *path) {
-        struct stat info;
-
-        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return !!S_ISLNK(info.st_mode);
-}
-
-int is_dir(const char* path, bool follow) {
-        struct stat st;
-        int r;
-
-        if (follow)
-                r = stat(path, &st);
-        else
-                r = lstat(path, &st);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return !!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
-}
-
-int is_device_node(const char *path) {
-        struct stat info;
-
-        if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return !!(S_ISBLK(info.st_mode) || S_ISCHR(info.st_mode));
-}
-
-ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
-        char fn[strlen("/proc/self/fd/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-        ssize_t l;
-
-        /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
-
-        fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_PATH|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        xsprintf(fn, "/proc/self/fd/%i", fd);
-
-        l = getxattr(fn, attribute, value, size);
-        if (l < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return l;
-}
-
-static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
-        uint64_t u;
-
-        assert(usec);
-
-        u = le64toh(le);
-        if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
-                return -EIO;
-
-        *usec = (usec_t) u;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
-        le64_t le;
-        ssize_t n;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-        assert(usec);
-
-        /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
-         * let's fake one with xattrs */
-
-        n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
-        if (n < 0)
-                return -errno;
-        if (n != sizeof(le))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
-}
-
-int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
-        le64_t le;
-        ssize_t n;
-
-        n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
-        if (n < 0)
-                return -errno;
-        if (n != sizeof(le))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
-}
-
-int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
-        le64_t le;
-        ssize_t n;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(usec);
-
-        n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
-        if (n < 0)
-                return -errno;
-        if (n != sizeof(le))
-                return -EIO;
-
-        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
-}
-
-int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
-        le64_t le;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (usec <= 0)
-                usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
-
-        le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
-        if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
-        unsigned old_attr, new_attr;
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        /* Explicitly check whether this is a regular file or
-         * directory. If it is anything else (such as a device node or
-         * fifo), then the ioctl will not hit the file systems but
-         * possibly drivers, where the ioctl might have different
-         * effects. Notably, DRM is using the same ioctl() number. */
-
-        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-                return -ENOTTY;
-
-        if (mask == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &old_attr) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        new_attr = (old_attr & ~mask) | (value & mask);
-        if (new_attr == old_attr)
-                return 0;
-
-        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &new_attr) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 1;
-}
-
-int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask) {
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-
-        assert(p);
-
-        if (mask == 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return chattr_fd(fd, value, mask);
-}
-
-int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret) {
-        struct stat st;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-                return -ENOTTY;
-
-        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, ret) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret) {
-        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        fd = open(p, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (fd < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return read_attr_fd(fd, ret);
-}
-
-int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility) {
-        int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
-        int k;
-
-        assert(p);
-        assert(*p);
-        assert(priority);
-
-        if ((*p)[0] != '<')
-                return 0;
-
-        if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
-                return 0;
-
-        if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
-                c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
-                k = 3;
-        } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
-                b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
-                c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
-                k = 4;
-        } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
-                a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
-                b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
-                c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
-                k = 5;
-        } else
-                return 0;
-
-        if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 ||
-            (!with_facility && (a || b || c > 7)))
-                return 0;
-
-        if (with_facility)
-                *priority = a*100 + b*10 + c;
-        else
-                *priority = (*priority & LOG_FACMASK) | c;
-
-        *p += k;
-        return 1;
-}
-
-ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key) {
-        size_t i;
-
-        if (!key)
-                return -1;
-
-        for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
-                if (streq_ptr(table[i], key))
-                        return (ssize_t) i;
-
-        return -1;
-}
-
-int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath) {
-        struct stat buf;
-        int ret;
-
-        ret = renameat2(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, RENAME_NOREPLACE);
-        if (ret >= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        /* renameat2() exists since Linux 3.15, btrfs added support for it later.
-         * If it is not implemented, fallback to another method. */
-        if (!IN_SET(errno, EINVAL, ENOSYS))
-                return -errno;
-
-        /* The link()/unlink() fallback does not work on directories. But
-         * renameat() without RENAME_NOREPLACE gives the same semantics on
-         * directories, except when newpath is an *empty* directory. This is
-         * good enough. */
-        ret = fstatat(olddirfd, oldpath, &buf, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (ret >= 0 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode)) {
-                ret = renameat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath);
-                return ret >= 0 ? 0 : -errno;
-        }
-
-        /* If it is not a directory, use the link()/unlink() fallback. */
-        ret = linkat(olddirfd, oldpath, newdirfd, newpath, 0);
-        if (ret < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        ret = unlinkat(olddirfd, oldpath, 0);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-                /* backup errno before the following unlinkat() alters it */
-                ret = errno;
-                (void) unlinkat(newdirfd, newpath, 0);
-                errno = ret;
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret) {
-        char *x;
-        long l;
-
-        assert(s);
-        assert(ret);
-
-        errno = 0;
-        l = strtol(s, &x, 8);
-        if (errno != 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (!x || x == s || *x)
-                return -EINVAL;
-        if (l < 0 || l  > 07777)
-                return -ERANGE;
-
-        *ret = (mode_t) l;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int mount_move_root(const char *path) {
-        assert(path);
-
-        if (chdir(path) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (mount(path, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (chroot(".") < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        if (chdir("/") < 0)
-                return -errno;
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int getxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **value, bool allow_symlink) {
-        char *v;
-        size_t l;
-        ssize_t n;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(name);
-        assert(value);
-
-        for (l = 100; ; l = (size_t) n + 1) {
-                v = new0(char, l);
-                if (!v)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                if (allow_symlink)
-                        n = lgetxattr(path, name, v, l);
-                else
-                        n = getxattr(path, name, v, l);
-
-                if (n >= 0 && (size_t) n < l) {
-                        *value = v;
-                        return n;
-                }
-
-                free(v);
-
-                if (n < 0 && errno != ERANGE)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                if (allow_symlink)
-                        n = lgetxattr(path, name, NULL, 0);
-                else
-                        n = getxattr(path, name, NULL, 0);
-                if (n < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-}
-
-int fgetxattr_malloc(int fd, const char *name, char **value) {
-        char *v;
-        size_t l;
-        ssize_t n;
-
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-        assert(name);
-        assert(value);
-
-        for (l = 100; ; l = (size_t) n + 1) {
-                v = new0(char, l);
-                if (!v)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                n = fgetxattr(fd, name, v, l);
-
-                if (n >= 0 && (size_t) n < l) {
-                        *value = v;
-                        return n;
-                }
-
-                free(v);
-
-                if (n < 0 && errno != ERANGE)
-                        return -errno;
-
-                n = fgetxattr(fd, name, NULL, 0);
-                if (n < 0)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
-}
-
-void nop_signal_handler(int sig) {
-        /* nothing here */
-}
-
 int version(void) {
         puts(PACKAGE_STRING "\n"
              SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
         return 0;
 }
-
-bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s) {
-        const char *p;
-
-        /* Validates a name for $LISTEN_FDNAMES. We basically allow
-         * everything ASCII that's not a control character. Also, as
-         * special exception the ":" character is not allowed, as we
-         * use that as field separator in $LISTEN_FDNAMES.
-         *
-         * Note that the empty string is explicitly allowed
-         * here. However, we limit the length of the names to 255
-         * characters. */
-
-        if (!s)
-                return false;
-
-        for (p = s; *p; p++) {
-                if (*p < ' ')
-                        return false;
-                if (*p >= 127)
-                        return false;
-                if (*p == ':')
-                        return false;
-        }
-
-        return p - s < 256;
-}
-
-bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa) {
-        return oa >= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN && oa <= OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX;
-}
diff --git a/src/basic/util.h b/src/basic/util.h
index f32033767a..a8fba372d1 100644
--- a/src/basic/util.h
+++ b/src/basic/util.h
@@ -22,12 +22,10 @@
 ***/
 
 #include <alloca.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <locale.h>
-#include <mntent.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -53,28 +51,9 @@
 #define COMMENTS   "#;"
 #define GLOB_CHARS "*?["
 
-#define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 8
-
 size_t page_size(void) _pure_;
 #define PAGE_ALIGN(l) ALIGN_TO((l), page_size())
 
-#define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply(sizeof(t), (n)))
-
-#define new0(t, n) ((t*) calloc((n), sizeof(t)))
-
-#define newa(t, n) ((t*) alloca(sizeof(t)*(n)))
-
-#define newa0(t, n) ((t*) alloca0(sizeof(t)*(n)))
-
-#define newdup(t, p, n) ((t*) memdup_multiply(p, sizeof(t), (n)))
-
-#define malloc0(n) (calloc(1, (n)))
-
-static inline void *mfree(void *memory) {
-        free(memory);
-        return NULL;
-}
-
 static inline const char* yes_no(bool b) {
         return b ? "yes" : "no";
 }
@@ -87,220 +66,13 @@ static inline const char* one_zero(bool b) {
         return b ? "1" : "0";
 }
 
-int parse_size(const char *t, uint64_t base, uint64_t *size);
-
-int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
-int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid);
-
-int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u);
-int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i);
-
-int safe_atollu(const char *s, unsigned long long *ret_u);
-int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_i);
-
-int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d);
-
-int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret);
-
-#if LONG_MAX == INT_MAX
-static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned));
-        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
-}
-static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(int));
-        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_u);
-}
-#else
-static inline int safe_atolu(const char *s, unsigned long *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
-        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
-}
-static inline int safe_atoli(const char *s, long int *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(long int) == sizeof(long long int));
-        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_u);
-}
-#endif
-
-static inline int safe_atou32(const char *s, uint32_t *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(unsigned));
-        return safe_atou(s, (unsigned*) ret_u);
-}
-
-static inline int safe_atoi32(const char *s, int32_t *ret_i) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(int32_t) == sizeof(int));
-        return safe_atoi(s, (int*) ret_i);
-}
-
-static inline int safe_atou64(const char *s, uint64_t *ret_u) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(uint64_t) == sizeof(unsigned long long));
-        return safe_atollu(s, (unsigned long long*) ret_u);
-}
-
-static inline int safe_atoi64(const char *s, int64_t *ret_i) {
-        assert_cc(sizeof(int64_t) == sizeof(long long int));
-        return safe_atolli(s, (long long int*) ret_i);
-}
-
-int safe_atou16(const char *s, uint16_t *ret);
-int safe_atoi16(const char *s, int16_t *ret);
-
-int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret);
-int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r);
-int readlink_value(const char *p, char **ret);
-int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r);
-int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r);
-
-char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename);
-
-int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop);
-
-char hexchar(int x) _const_;
-int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
-char octchar(int x) _const_;
-int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
-char decchar(int x) _const_;
-int undecchar(char c) _const_;
-char base32hexchar(int x) _const_;
-int unbase32hexchar(char c) _const_;
-char base64char(int x) _const_;
-int unbase64char(char c) _const_;
-
-bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
-bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;
-
-bool hidden_file(const char *filename) _pure_;
-
-/* For basic lookup tables with strictly enumerated entries */
-#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
-        scope const char *name##_to_string(type i) {                    \
-                if (i < 0 || i >= (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table))      \
-                        return NULL;                                    \
-                return name##_table[i];                                 \
-        }
-
-ssize_t string_table_lookup(const char * const *table, size_t len, const char *key);
-
-#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
-        scope type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                  \
-                return (type) string_table_lookup(name##_table, ELEMENTSOF(name##_table), s); \
-        }
-
-#define _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,scope)                    \
-        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,scope)          \
-        _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,scope)        \
-        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
-
-#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,)
-#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(name,type,static)
-#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_TO_STRING(name,type,static)
-#define DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type) _DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_FROM_STRING(name,type,static)
-
-/* For string conversions where numbers are also acceptable */
-#define DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(name,type,max)         \
-        int name##_to_string_alloc(type i, char **str) {                \
-                char *s;                                                \
-                if (i < 0 || i > max)                                   \
-                        return -ERANGE;                                 \
-                if (i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table)) {              \
-                        s = strdup(name##_table[i]);                    \
-                        if (!s)                                         \
-                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
-                } else {                                                \
-                        if (asprintf(&s, "%i", i) < 0)                  \
-                                return -ENOMEM;                         \
-                }                                                       \
-                *str = s;                                               \
-                return 0;                                               \
-        }                                                               \
-        type name##_from_string(const char *s) {                        \
-                type i;                                                 \
-                unsigned u = 0;                                         \
-                if (!s)                                                 \
-                        return (type) -1;                               \
-                for (i = 0; i < (type) ELEMENTSOF(name##_table); i++)   \
-                        if (streq_ptr(name##_table[i], s))              \
-                                return i;                               \
-                if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0 && u <= max)                  \
-                        return (type) u;                                \
-                return (type) -1;                                       \
-        }                                                               \
-        struct __useless_struct_to_allow_trailing_semicolon__
-
-bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
-
-int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path);
-
-bool is_device_path(const char *path);
-
-int dir_is_empty(const char *path);
-char* dirname_malloc(const char *path);
-
-static inline int dir_is_populated(const char *path) {
-        int r;
-        r = dir_is_empty(path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-        return !r;
-}
-
-int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
-
-typedef long statfs_f_type_t;
-
-bool is_fs_type(const struct statfs *s, statfs_f_type_t magic_value) _pure_;
-int fd_check_fstype(int fd, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
-int path_check_fstype(const char *path, statfs_f_type_t magic_value);
-
-bool is_temporary_fs(const struct statfs *s) _pure_;
-int fd_is_temporary_fs(int fd);
-
-#define xsprintf(buf, fmt, ...) \
-        assert_message_se((size_t) snprintf(buf, ELEMENTSOF(buf), fmt, __VA_ARGS__) < ELEMENTSOF(buf), \
-                          "xsprintf: " #buf "[] must be big enough")
-
-int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb);
-
-int running_in_chroot(void);
-
-int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode);
-int touch(const char *path);
-
-noreturn void freeze(void);
-
-bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
-int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn);
-int null_or_empty_fd(int fd);
-
-DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);
-
-char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p);
-
 void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]);
 
 bool plymouth_running(void);
 
-int symlink_idempotent(const char *from, const char *to);
-
-int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to);
-int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev);
-int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode);
-
-int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);
-
 bool display_is_local(const char *display) _pure_;
 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path);
 
-int glob_exists(const char *path);
-int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path);
-
-int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de);
-
-int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list);
-
-bool is_main_thread(void);
-
 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret);
 
 #define NULSTR_FOREACH(i, l)                                    \
@@ -309,26 +81,6 @@ int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret);
 #define NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(i, j, l)                             \
         for ((i) = (l), (j) = strchr((i), 0)+1; (i) && *(i); (i) = strchr((j), 0)+1, (j) = *(i) ? strchr((i), 0)+1 : (i))
 
-int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
-int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);
-
-const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
-int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
-
-int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
-int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);
-bool log_facility_unshifted_is_valid(int faciliy);
-
-int log_level_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
-int log_level_from_string(const char *s);
-bool log_level_is_valid(int level);
-
-int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
-int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
-
-const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
-int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
-
 extern int saved_argc;
 extern char **saved_argv;
 
@@ -336,147 +88,36 @@ bool kexec_loaded(void);
 
 int prot_from_flags(int flags) _const_;
 
-char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, uint64_t t);
-
-void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) _alloc_(2);
-
 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...);
 
-int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim);
-
-bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
-bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
-
-bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag);
-
 bool in_initrd(void);
 
-static inline void freep(void *p) {
-        free(*(void**) p);
-}
-
-static inline void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
-        umask(*u);
-}
-
-DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(FILE*, endmntent);
-
-#define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
-#define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
-#define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
-#define _cleanup_endmntent_ _cleanup_(endmntentp)
-
-_malloc_  _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
-        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
-                return NULL;
-
-        return malloc(a * b);
-}
-
-_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *realloc_multiply(void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
-        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
-                return NULL;
-
-        return realloc(p, a * b);
-}
-
-_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
-        if (_unlikely_(b != 0 && a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
-                return NULL;
-
-        return memdup(p, a * b);
-}
-
-bool filename_is_valid(const char *p) _pure_;
-bool path_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
-bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
-
-/**
- * Check if a string contains any glob patterns.
- */
-_pure_ static inline bool string_is_glob(const char *p) {
-        return !!strpbrk(p, GLOB_CHARS);
-}
-
 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
                  int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *),
                  void *arg);
 
-#define _(String) gettext (String)
-#define N_(String) String
-void init_gettext(void);
-bool is_locale_utf8(void);
-
-typedef enum DrawSpecialChar {
-        DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL,
-        DRAW_TREE_BRANCH,
-        DRAW_TREE_RIGHT,
-        DRAW_TREE_SPACE,
-        DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
-        DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE,
-        DRAW_ARROW,
-        DRAW_DASH,
-        _DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX
-} DrawSpecialChar;
-
-const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch);
+/**
+ * Normal qsort requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
+ * that only if nmemb > 0.
+ */
+static inline void qsort_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_fn_t compar) {
+        if (nmemb <= 1)
+                return;
+
+        assert(base);
+        qsort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
+}
 
 int on_ac_power(void);
 
-int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f);
-int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f);
-
-#define FOREACH_LINE(line, f, on_error)                         \
-        for (;;)                                                \
-                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {            \
-                        if (ferror(f)) {                        \
-                                on_error;                       \
-                        }                                       \
-                        break;                                  \
-                } else
-
-#define FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, on_error)                                 \
-        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
-                if (!de) {                                              \
-                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
-                                on_error;                               \
-                        }                                               \
-                        break;                                          \
-                } else if (hidden_file((de)->d_name))                   \
-                        continue;                                       \
-                else
-
-#define FOREACH_DIRENT_ALL(de, d, on_error)                             \
-        for (errno = 0, de = readdir(d);; errno = 0, de = readdir(d))   \
-                if (!de) {                                              \
-                        if (errno > 0) {                                \
-                                on_error;                               \
-                        }                                               \
-                        break;                                          \
-                } else
+#define memzero(x,l) (memset((x), 0, (l)))
+#define zero(x) (memzero(&(x), sizeof(x)))
 
 static inline void *mempset(void *s, int c, size_t n) {
         memset(s, c, n);
         return (uint8_t*)s + n;
 }
 
-char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l);
-int unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len);
-
-char *base32hexmem(const void *p, size_t l, bool padding);
-int unbase32hexmem(const char *p, size_t l, bool padding, void **mem, size_t *len);
-
-char *base64mem(const void *p, size_t l);
-int unbase64mem(const char *p, size_t l, void **mem, size_t *len);
-
-void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
-void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size);
-#define GREEDY_REALLOC(array, allocated, need)                          \
-        greedy_realloc((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
-
-#define GREEDY_REALLOC0(array, allocated, need)                         \
-        greedy_realloc0((void**) &(array), &(allocated), (need), sizeof((array)[0]))
-
 static inline void _reset_errno_(int *saved_errno) {
         errno = *saved_errno;
 }
@@ -492,20 +133,6 @@ static inline int negative_errno(void) {
         return -errno;
 }
 
-struct _umask_struct_ {
-        mode_t mask;
-        bool quit;
-};
-
-static inline void _reset_umask_(struct _umask_struct_ *s) {
-        umask(s->mask);
-};
-
-#define RUN_WITH_UMASK(mask)                                            \
-        for (_cleanup_(_reset_umask_) struct _umask_struct_ _saved_umask_ = { umask(mask), false }; \
-             !_saved_umask_.quit ;                                      \
-             _saved_umask_.quit = true)
-
 static inline unsigned u64log2(uint64_t n) {
 #if __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__ == 8
         return (n > 1) ? (unsigned) __builtin_clzll(n) ^ 63U : 0;
@@ -543,154 +170,15 @@ static inline unsigned log2u_round_up(unsigned x) {
         return log2u(x - 1) + 1;
 }
 
-#define DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(x)                            \
-        ({                                              \
-                typeof(x) _x_ = (x);                    \
-                unsigned ans = 1;                       \
-                while (_x_ /= 10)                       \
-                        ans++;                          \
-                ans;                                    \
-        })
-
-int unlink_noerrno(const char *path);
-
-#define alloca0(n)                                      \
-        ({                                              \
-                char *_new_;                            \
-                size_t _len_ = n;                       \
-                _new_ = alloca(_len_);                  \
-                (void *) memset(_new_, 0, _len_);       \
-        })
-
-/* It's not clear what alignment glibc/gcc alloca() guarantee, hence provide a guaranteed safe version */
-#define alloca_align(size, align)                                       \
-        ({                                                              \
-                void *_ptr_;                                            \
-                size_t _mask_ = (align) - 1;                            \
-                _ptr_ = alloca((size) + _mask_);                        \
-                (void*)(((uintptr_t)_ptr_ + _mask_) & ~_mask_);         \
-        })
-
-#define alloca0_align(size, align)                                      \
-        ({                                                              \
-                void *_new_;                                            \
-                size_t _size_ = (size);                                 \
-                _new_ = alloca_align(_size_, (align));                  \
-                (void*)memset(_new_, 0, _size_);                        \
-        })
-
 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
 
-int shall_restore_state(void);
-
-/**
- * Normal qsort requires base to be nonnull. Here were require
- * that only if nmemb > 0.
- */
-static inline void qsort_safe(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, comparison_fn_t compar) {
-        if (nmemb <= 1)
-                return;
-
-        assert(base);
-        qsort(base, nmemb, size, compar);
-}
-
-int proc_cmdline(char **ret);
-int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_word)(const char *key, const char *value));
-int get_proc_cmdline_key(const char *parameter, char **value);
-
 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid);
 
 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *userns_fd, int *root_fd);
 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int userns_fd, int root_fd);
 
-int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags);
-int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags);
-
-int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd);
-
-#ifndef PERSONALITY_INVALID
-/* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for querying the
- * current personality, hence let's use that here as error
- * indicator. */
-#define PERSONALITY_INVALID 0xffffffffLU
-#endif
-
-unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p);
-const char *personality_to_string(unsigned long);
-
 uint64_t physical_memory(void);
 
-void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s);
-
-union file_handle_union {
-        struct file_handle handle;
-        char padding[sizeof(struct file_handle) + MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
-};
-#define FILE_HANDLE_INIT { .handle.handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ }
-
 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param);
 
-int umount_recursive(const char *target, int flags);
-
-int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro);
-
-int fflush_and_check(FILE *f);
-
-int tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
-int tempfn_random(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
-int tempfn_random_child(const char *p, const char *extra, char **ret);
-
-int take_password_lock(const char *root);
-
-int is_symlink(const char *path);
-int is_dir(const char *path, bool follow);
-int is_device_node(const char *path);
-
-#define INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX (sizeof(struct inotify_event) + NAME_MAX + 1)
-
-#define FOREACH_INOTIFY_EVENT(e, buffer, sz) \
-        for ((e) = &buffer.ev;                                \
-             (uint8_t*) (e) < (uint8_t*) (buffer.raw) + (sz); \
-             (e) = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) (e) + sizeof(struct inotify_event) + (e)->len))
-
-union inotify_event_buffer {
-        struct inotify_event ev;
-        uint8_t raw[INOTIFY_EVENT_MAX];
-};
-
-#define laccess(path, mode) faccessat(AT_FDCWD, (path), (mode), AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)
-
-ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags);
-
-int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec);
-int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec);
-int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec);
-int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags);
-
-int chattr_fd(int fd, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
-int chattr_path(const char *p, unsigned value, unsigned mask);
-
-int read_attr_fd(int fd, unsigned *ret);
-int read_attr_path(const char *p, unsigned *ret);
-
-#define RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(lim) ((struct rlimit) { lim, lim })
-
-int syslog_parse_priority(const char **p, int *priority, bool with_facility);
-
-int rename_noreplace(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath, int newdirfd, const char *newpath);
-
-int parse_mode(const char *s, mode_t *ret);
-
-int mount_move_root(const char *path);
-
-int getxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **value, bool allow_symlink);
-int fgetxattr_malloc(int fd, const char *name, char **value);
-
-void nop_signal_handler(int sig);
-
 int version(void);
-
-bool fdname_is_valid(const char *s);
-
-bool oom_score_adjust_is_valid(int oa);
diff --git a/src/basic/virt.c b/src/basic/virt.c
index 9267a2730b..fb181e5b55 100644
--- a/src/basic/virt.c
+++ b/src/basic/virt.c
@@ -23,8 +23,11 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "alloc-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "process-util.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "string-table.h"
 #include "string-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "virt.h"
@@ -411,6 +414,16 @@ int detect_virtualization(void) {
         return detect_vm();
 }
 
+int running_in_chroot(void) {
+        int ret;
+
+        ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
+        if (ret < 0)
+                return ret;
+
+        return ret == 0;
+}
+
 static const char *const virtualization_table[_VIRTUALIZATION_MAX] = {
         [VIRTUALIZATION_NONE] = "none",
         [VIRTUALIZATION_KVM] = "kvm",
diff --git a/src/basic/virt.h b/src/basic/virt.h
index 449e069901..ed83608019 100644
--- a/src/basic/virt.h
+++ b/src/basic/virt.h
@@ -67,5 +67,7 @@ int detect_vm(void);
 int detect_container(void);
 int detect_virtualization(void);
 
+int running_in_chroot(void);
+
 const char *virtualization_to_string(int v) _const_;
 int virtualization_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/basic/web-util.c b/src/basic/web-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68ec04021b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/web-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "string-util.h"
+#include "utf8.h"
+#include "web-util.h"
+
+bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag) {
+        if (isempty(etag))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!endswith(etag, "\""))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!startswith(etag, "\"") && !startswith(etag, "W/\""))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        if (isempty(url))
+                return false;
+
+        p = startswith(url, "http://");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "https://");
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        return ascii_is_valid(p);
+}
+
+bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        if (isempty(url))
+                return false;
+
+        if (http_url_is_valid(url))
+                return true;
+
+        p = startswith(url, "file:/");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "info:");
+        if (!p)
+                p = startswith(url, "man:");
+
+        if (isempty(p))
+                return false;
+
+        return ascii_is_valid(p);
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/web-util.h b/src/basic/web-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..40c1509eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/web-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "macro.h"
+
+bool http_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
+
+bool documentation_url_is_valid(const char *url) _pure_;
+
+bool http_etag_is_valid(const char *etag);
diff --git a/src/basic/xattr-util.c b/src/basic/xattr-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6abdaedc3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/xattr-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "sparse-endian.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "xattr-util.h"
+
+int getxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **value, bool allow_symlink) {
+        char *v;
+        size_t l;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(value);
+
+        for (l = 100; ; l = (size_t) n + 1) {
+                v = new0(char, l);
+                if (!v)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (allow_symlink)
+                        n = lgetxattr(path, name, v, l);
+                else
+                        n = getxattr(path, name, v, l);
+
+                if (n >= 0 && (size_t) n < l) {
+                        *value = v;
+                        return n;
+                }
+
+                free(v);
+
+                if (n < 0 && errno != ERANGE)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (allow_symlink)
+                        n = lgetxattr(path, name, NULL, 0);
+                else
+                        n = getxattr(path, name, NULL, 0);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+}
+
+int fgetxattr_malloc(int fd, const char *name, char **value) {
+        char *v;
+        size_t l;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(value);
+
+        for (l = 100; ; l = (size_t) n + 1) {
+                v = new0(char, l);
+                if (!v)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n = fgetxattr(fd, name, v, l);
+
+                if (n >= 0 && (size_t) n < l) {
+                        *value = v;
+                        return n;
+                }
+
+                free(v);
+
+                if (n < 0 && errno != ERANGE)
+                        return -errno;
+
+                n = fgetxattr(fd, name, NULL, 0);
+                if (n < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+}
+
+ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags) {
+        char fn[strlen("/proc/self/fd/") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        ssize_t l;
+
+        /* The kernel doesn't have a fgetxattrat() command, hence let's emulate one */
+
+        fd = openat(dirfd, filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_PATH|(flags & AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0));
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        xsprintf(fn, "/proc/self/fd/%i", fd);
+
+        l = getxattr(fn, attribute, value, size);
+        if (l < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return l;
+}
+
+static int parse_crtime(le64_t le, usec_t *usec) {
+        uint64_t u;
+
+        assert(usec);
+
+        u = le64toh(le);
+        if (u == 0 || u == (uint64_t) -1)
+                return -EIO;
+
+        *usec = (usec_t) u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec) {
+        le64_t le;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        assert(usec);
+
+        /* Until Linux gets a real concept of birthtime/creation time,
+         * let's fake one with xattrs */
+
+        n = fgetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (n != sizeof(le))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags) {
+        le64_t le;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        n = fgetxattrat_fake(dirfd, name, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), flags);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (n != sizeof(le))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec) {
+        le64_t le;
+        ssize_t n;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(usec);
+
+        n = getxattr(p, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le));
+        if (n < 0)
+                return -errno;
+        if (n != sizeof(le))
+                return -EIO;
+
+        return parse_crtime(le, usec);
+}
+
+int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec) {
+        le64_t le;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (usec <= 0)
+                usec = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        le = htole64((uint64_t) usec);
+        if (fsetxattr(fd, "user.crtime_usec", &le, sizeof(le), 0) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/basic/xattr-util.h b/src/basic/xattr-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cf4cb12a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/basic/xattr-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "time-util.h"
+
+int getxattr_malloc(const char *path, const char *name, char **value, bool allow_symlink);
+int fgetxattr_malloc(int fd, const char *name, char **value);
+
+ssize_t fgetxattrat_fake(int dirfd, const char *filename, const char *attribute, void *value, size_t size, int flags);
+
+int fd_setcrtime(int fd, usec_t usec);
+
+int fd_getcrtime(int fd, usec_t *usec);
+int path_getcrtime(const char *p, usec_t *usec);
+int fd_getcrtime_at(int dirfd, const char *name, usec_t *usec, int flags);