busctl

1 files changed, 2073 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/busctl/busctl.c b/src/busctl/busctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fd3b241aad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/busctl/busctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2073 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-dump.h"
+#include "bus-internal.h"
+#include "bus-signature.h"
+#include "bus-type.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "busctl-introspect.h"
+#include "escape.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+static bool arg_no_pager = false;
+static bool arg_legend = true;
+static char *arg_address = NULL;
+static bool arg_unique = false;
+static bool arg_acquired = false;
+static bool arg_activatable = false;
+static bool arg_show_machine = false;
+static char **arg_matches = NULL;
+static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
+static char *arg_host = NULL;
+static bool arg_user = false;
+static size_t arg_snaplen = 4096;
+static bool arg_list = false;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static bool arg_verbose = false;
+static bool arg_expect_reply = true;
+static bool arg_auto_start = true;
+static bool arg_allow_interactive_authorization = true;
+static bool arg_augment_creds = true;
+static usec_t arg_timeout = 0;
+
+static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        /* Cache result before we open the pager */
+        if (arg_no_pager)
+                return;
+
+        pager_open(false);
+}
+
+#define NAME_IS_ACQUIRED INT_TO_PTR(1)
+#define NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE INT_TO_PTR(2)
+
+static int list_bus_names(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **acquired = NULL, **activatable = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char **merged = NULL;
+        _cleanup_hashmap_free_ Hashmap *names = NULL;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+        size_t max_i = 0;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        void *v;
+        char *k;
+        Iterator iterator;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired && !arg_activatable)
+                arg_unique = arg_acquired = arg_activatable = true;
+
+        r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, (arg_acquired || arg_unique) ? &acquired : NULL, arg_activatable ? &activatable : NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list names: %m");
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        names = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!names)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, acquired) {
+                max_i = MAX(max_i, strlen(*i));
+
+                r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACQUIRED);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add to hashmap: %m");
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, activatable) {
+                max_i = MAX(max_i, strlen(*i));
+
+                r = hashmap_put(names, *i, NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE);
+                if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add to hashmap: %m");
+        }
+
+        merged = new(char*, hashmap_size(names) + 1);
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(v, k, names, iterator)
+                merged[n++] = k;
+
+        merged[n] = NULL;
+        strv_sort(merged);
+
+        if (arg_legend) {
+                printf("%-*s %*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s",
+                       (int) max_i, "NAME", 10, "PID", 15, "PROCESS", 16, "USER", 13, "CONNECTION", 25, "UNIT", 10, "SESSION", 19, "DESCRIPTION");
+
+                if (arg_show_machine)
+                        puts(" MACHINE");
+                else
+                        putchar('\n');
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, merged) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
+                sd_id128_t mid;
+
+                if (hashmap_get(names, *i) == NAME_IS_ACTIVATABLE) {
+                        /* Activatable */
+
+                        printf("%-*s", (int) max_i, *i);
+                        printf("          - -               -                (activatable) -                         -         ");
+                        if (arg_show_machine)
+                                puts(" -");
+                        else
+                                putchar('\n');
+                        continue;
+
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_unique && (*i)[0] == ':')
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!arg_acquired && (*i)[0] != ':')
+                        continue;
+
+                printf("%-*s", (int) max_i, *i);
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
+                                bus, *i,
+                                (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) |
+                                SD_BUS_CREDS_EUID|SD_BUS_CREDS_PID|SD_BUS_CREDS_COMM|
+                                SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIQUE_NAME|SD_BUS_CREDS_UNIT|SD_BUS_CREDS_SESSION|
+                                SD_BUS_CREDS_DESCRIPTION, &creds);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        const char *unique, *session, *unit, *cn;
+                        pid_t pid;
+                        uid_t uid;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, &pid);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                const char *comm = NULL;
+
+                                sd_bus_creds_get_comm(creds, &comm);
+
+                                printf(" %10lu %-15s", (unsigned long) pid, strna(comm));
+                        } else
+                                fputs("          - -              ", stdout);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, &uid);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                                u = uid_to_name(uid);
+                                if (!u)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                if (strlen(u) > 16)
+                                        u[16] = 0;
+
+                                printf(" %-16s", u);
+                        } else
+                                fputs(" -               ", stdout);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_unique_name(creds, &unique);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                printf(" %-13s", unique);
+                        else
+                                fputs(" -            ", stdout);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_unit(creds, &unit);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *e;
+
+                                e = ellipsize(unit, 25, 100);
+                                if (!e)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                printf(" %-25s", e);
+                        } else
+                                fputs(" -                        ", stdout);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_session(creds, &session);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                printf(" %-10s", session);
+                        else
+                                fputs(" -         ", stdout);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_get_description(creds, &cn);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                printf(" %-19s", cn);
+                        else
+                                fputs(" -                  ", stdout);
+
+                } else
+                        printf("          - -               -                -             -                         -          -                  ");
+
+                if (arg_show_machine) {
+                        r = sd_bus_get_name_machine_id(bus, *i, &mid);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                char m[SD_ID128_STRING_MAX];
+                                printf(" %s\n", sd_id128_to_string(mid, m));
+                        } else
+                                puts(" -");
+                } else
+                        putchar('\n');
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void print_subtree(const char *prefix, const char *path, char **l) {
+        const char *vertical, *space;
+        char **n;
+
+        /* We assume the list is sorted. Let's first skip over the
+         * entry we are looking at. */
+        for (;;) {
+                if (!*l)
+                        return;
+
+                if (!streq(*l, path))
+                        break;
+
+                l++;
+        }
+
+        vertical = strjoina(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL));
+        space = strjoina(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_SPACE));
+
+        for (;;) {
+                bool has_more = false;
+
+                if (!*l || !path_startswith(*l, path))
+                        break;
+
+                n = l + 1;
+                for (;;) {
+                        if (!*n || !path_startswith(*n, path))
+                                break;
+
+                        if (!path_startswith(*n, *l)) {
+                                has_more = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        n++;
+                }
+
+                printf("%s%s%s\n", prefix, draw_special_char(has_more ? DRAW_TREE_BRANCH : DRAW_TREE_RIGHT), *l);
+
+                print_subtree(has_more ? vertical : space, *l, l);
+                l = n;
+        }
+}
+
+static void print_tree(const char *prefix, char **l) {
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        prefix = strempty(prefix);
+
+        if (arg_list) {
+                char **i;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                        printf("%s%s\n", prefix, *i);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+                printf("No objects discovered.\n");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(l[0], "/") && !l[1]) {
+                printf("Only root object discovered.\n");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        print_subtree(prefix, "/", l);
+}
+
+static int on_path(const char *path, void *userdata) {
+        Set *paths = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(paths);
+
+        r = set_put_strdup(paths, path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_nodes(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *path, Set *paths, bool many) {
+        static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+                .on_path = on_path,
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        const char *xml;
+        int r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, service, path, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (many)
+                        printf("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s\n", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return parse_xml_introspect(path, xml, &ops, paths);
+}
+
+static int tree_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *prefix, bool many) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *paths = NULL, *done = NULL, *failed = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char **l = NULL;
+        char *m;
+        int r;
+
+        paths = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!paths)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!done)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        failed = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!failed)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m = strdup("/");
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = set_put(paths, m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(m);
+                return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+                int q;
+
+                p = set_steal_first(paths);
+                if (!p)
+                        break;
+
+                if (set_contains(done, p) ||
+                    set_contains(failed, p))
+                        continue;
+
+                q = find_nodes(bus, service, p, paths, many);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                        q = set_put(failed, p);
+                } else
+                        q = set_put(done, p);
+
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                assert(q != 0);
+                p = NULL;
+        }
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        l = set_get_strv(done);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        strv_sort(l);
+        print_tree(prefix, l);
+
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int tree(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+        char **i;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired)
+                arg_acquired = true;
+
+        if (strv_length(argv) <= 1) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+                bool not_first = false;
+
+                r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, &names, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get name list: %m");
+
+                pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, names) {
+                        int q;
+
+                        if (!arg_unique && (*i)[0] == ':')
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!arg_acquired && (*i)[0] == ':')
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (not_first)
+                                printf("\n");
+
+                        printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_normal());
+
+                        q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, true);
+                        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+
+                        not_first = true;
+                }
+        } else {
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, argv+1) {
+                        int q;
+
+                        if (i > argv+1)
+                                printf("\n");
+
+                        if (argv[2]) {
+                                pager_open_if_enabled();
+                                printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_normal());
+                        }
+
+                        q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, !!argv[2]);
+                        if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+                                r = q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int format_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f, bool needs_space) {
+        int r;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *contents = NULL;
+                char type;
+                union {
+                        uint8_t u8;
+                        uint16_t u16;
+                        int16_t s16;
+                        uint32_t u32;
+                        int32_t s32;
+                        uint64_t u64;
+                        int64_t s64;
+                        double d64;
+                        const char *string;
+                        int i;
+                } basic;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(m, &type, &contents);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (bus_type_is_container(type) > 0) {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, type, contents);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                                unsigned n = 0;
+
+                                /* count array entries */
+                                for (;;) {
+
+                                        r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+                                        if (r == 0)
+                                                break;
+
+                                        n++;
+                                }
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_rewind(m, false);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                if (needs_space)
+                                        fputc(' ', f);
+
+                                fprintf(f, "%u", n);
+                        } else if (type == SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+
+                                if (needs_space)
+                                        fputc(' ', f);
+
+                                fprintf(f, "%s", contents);
+                        }
+
+                        r = format_cmdline(m, f, needs_space || IN_SET(type, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(m, type, &basic);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (needs_space)
+                        fputc(' ', f);
+
+                switch (type) {
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE:
+                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u8);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                        fputs(true_false(basic.i), f);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16:
+                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s16);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16:
+                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u16);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32:
+                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.s32);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32:
+                        fprintf(f, "%u", basic.u32);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64:
+                        fprintf(f, "%" PRIi64, basic.s64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64:
+                        fprintf(f, "%" PRIu64, basic.u64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE:
+                        fprintf(f, "%g", basic.d64);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE: {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *b = NULL;
+
+                        b = cescape(basic.string);
+                        if (!b)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        fprintf(f, "\"%s\"", b);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+                        fprintf(f, "%i", basic.i);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown basic type.");
+                }
+
+                needs_space = true;
+        }
+}
+
+typedef struct Member {
+        const char *type;
+        char *interface;
+        char *name;
+        char *signature;
+        char *result;
+        char *value;
+        bool writable;
+        uint64_t flags;
+} Member;
+
+static void member_hash_func(const void *p, struct siphash *state) {
+        const Member *m = p;
+        uint64_t arity = 1;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(m->type);
+
+        string_hash_func(m->type, state);
+
+        arity += !!m->name + !!m->interface;
+
+        uint64_hash_func(&arity, state);
+
+        if (m->name)
+                string_hash_func(m->name, state);
+
+        if (m->interface)
+                string_hash_func(m->interface, state);
+}
+
+static int member_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const Member *x = a, *y = b;
+        int d;
+
+        assert(x);
+        assert(y);
+        assert(x->type);
+        assert(y->type);
+
+        d = strcmp_ptr(x->interface, y->interface);
+        if (d != 0)
+                return d;
+
+        d = strcmp(x->type, y->type);
+        if (d != 0)
+                return d;
+
+        return strcmp_ptr(x->name, y->name);
+}
+
+static int member_compare_funcp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const Member *const * x = (const Member *const *) a, * const *y = (const Member *const *) b;
+
+        return member_compare_func(*x, *y);
+}
+
+static void member_free(Member *m) {
+        if (!m)
+                return;
+
+        free(m->interface);
+        free(m->name);
+        free(m->signature);
+        free(m->result);
+        free(m->value);
+        free(m);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Member*, member_free);
+
+static void member_set_free(Set *s) {
+        Member *m;
+
+        while ((m = set_steal_first(s)))
+                member_free(m);
+
+        set_free(s);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Set*, member_set_free);
+
+static int on_interface(const char *interface, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+        Set *members = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(members);
+
+        m = new0(Member, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m->type = "interface";
+        m->flags = flags;
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = set_put(members, m);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_error("Duplicate interface");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        m = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_method(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, const char *result, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+        Set *members = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(name);
+
+        m = new0(Member, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m->type = "method";
+        m->flags = flags;
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->result, result);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = set_put(members, m);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_error("Duplicate method");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        m = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_signal(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+        Set *members = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(name);
+
+        m = new0(Member, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m->type = "signal";
+        m->flags = flags;
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = set_put(members, m);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_error("Duplicate signal");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        m = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_property(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, bool writable, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+        Set *members = userdata;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(interface);
+        assert(name);
+
+        m = new0(Member, 1);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m->type = "property";
+        m->flags = flags;
+        m->writable = writable;
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = set_put(members, m);
+        if (r <= 0) {
+                log_error("Duplicate property");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        m = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *strdash(const char *x) {
+        return isempty(x) ? "-" : x;
+}
+
+static int introspect(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+        static const struct hash_ops member_hash_ops = {
+                .hash = member_hash_func,
+                .compare = member_compare_func,
+        };
+
+        static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+                .on_interface = on_interface,
+                .on_method = on_method,
+                .on_signal = on_signal,
+                .on_property = on_property,
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(member_set_freep) Set *members = NULL;
+        Iterator i;
+        Member *m;
+        const char *xml;
+        int r;
+        unsigned name_width,  type_width, signature_width, result_width;
+        Member **sorted = NULL;
+        unsigned k = 0, j, n_args;
+
+        n_args = strv_length(argv);
+        if (n_args < 3) {
+                log_error("Requires service and object path argument.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (n_args > 4) {
+                log_error("Too many arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        members = set_new(&member_hash_ops);
+        if (!members)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", argv[2], argv[1], bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        /* First, get list of all properties */
+        r = parse_xml_introspect(argv[2], xml, &ops, members);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Second, find the current values for them */
+        SET_FOREACH(m, members, i) {
+
+                if (!streq(m->type, "property"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (m->value)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (argv[3] && !streq(argv[3], m->interface))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "GetAll", &error, &reply, "s", m->interface);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "{sv}");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                for (;;) {
+                        Member *z;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *mf = NULL;
+                        size_t sz = 0;
+                        const char *name;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'e', "sv");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                break;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'v', NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        mf = open_memstream(&buf, &sz);
+                        if (!mf)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        r = format_cmdline(reply, mf, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        fclose(mf);
+                        mf = NULL;
+
+                        z = set_get(members, &((Member) {
+                                                .type = "property",
+                                                .interface = m->interface,
+                                                .name = (char*) name }));
+                        if (z) {
+                                free(z->value);
+                                z->value = buf;
+                                buf = NULL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        name_width = strlen("NAME");
+        type_width = strlen("TYPE");
+        signature_width = strlen("SIGNATURE");
+        result_width = strlen("RESULT/VALUE");
+
+        sorted = newa(Member*, set_size(members));
+
+        SET_FOREACH(m, members, i) {
+
+                if (argv[3] && !streq(argv[3], m->interface))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (m->interface)
+                        name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->interface));
+                if (m->name)
+                        name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->name) + 1);
+                if (m->type)
+                        type_width = MAX(type_width, strlen(m->type));
+                if (m->signature)
+                        signature_width = MAX(signature_width, strlen(m->signature));
+                if (m->result)
+                        result_width = MAX(result_width, strlen(m->result));
+                if (m->value)
+                        result_width = MAX(result_width, strlen(m->value));
+
+                sorted[k++] = m;
+        }
+
+        if (result_width > 40)
+                result_width = 40;
+
+        qsort(sorted, k, sizeof(Member*), member_compare_funcp);
+
+        if (arg_legend) {
+                printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %s\n",
+                       (int) name_width, "NAME",
+                       (int) type_width, "TYPE",
+                       (int) signature_width, "SIGNATURE",
+                       (int) result_width, "RESULT/VALUE",
+                       "FLAGS");
+        }
+
+        for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *ellipsized = NULL;
+                const char *rv;
+                bool is_interface;
+
+                m = sorted[j];
+
+                if (argv[3] && !streq(argv[3], m->interface))
+                        continue;
+
+                is_interface = streq(m->type, "interface");
+
+                if (argv[3] && is_interface)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (m->value) {
+                        ellipsized = ellipsize(m->value, result_width, 100);
+                        if (!ellipsized)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        rv = ellipsized;
+                } else
+                        rv = strdash(m->result);
+
+                printf("%s%s%-*s%s %-*s %-*s %-*s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+                       is_interface ? ansi_highlight() : "",
+                       is_interface ? "" : ".",
+                       - !is_interface + (int) name_width, strdash(streq_ptr(m->type, "interface") ? m->interface : m->name),
+                       is_interface ? ansi_normal() : "",
+                       (int) type_width, strdash(m->type),
+                       (int) signature_width, strdash(m->signature),
+                       (int) result_width, rv,
+                       (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED) ? " deprecated" : (m->flags || m->writable ? "" : " -"),
+                       (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_METHOD_NO_REPLY) ? " no-reply" : "",
+                       (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST) ? " const" : "",
+                       (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_CHANGE) ? " emits-change" : "",
+                       (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_INVALIDATION) ? " emits-invalidation" : "",
+                       m->writable ? " writable" : "");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_dump(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
+        return bus_message_dump(m, f, BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_WITH_HEADER);
+}
+
+static int message_pcap(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f) {
+        return bus_message_pcap_frame(m, arg_snaplen, f);
+}
+
+static int monitor(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[], int (*dump)(sd_bus_message *m, FILE *f)) {
+        bool added_something = false;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, argv+1) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
+
+                if (!service_name_is_valid(*i)) {
+                        log_error("Invalid service name '%s'", *i);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                m = strjoin("sender='", *i, "'", NULL);
+                if (!m)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, NULL, m, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
+
+                free(m);
+                m = strjoin("destination='", *i, "'", NULL);
+                if (!m)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, NULL, m, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
+
+                added_something = true;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_matches) {
+                r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, NULL, *i, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
+
+                added_something = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!added_something) {
+                r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, NULL, "", NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
+        }
+
+        log_info("Monitoring bus message stream.");
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+
+                r = sd_bus_process(bus, &m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to process bus: %m");
+
+                if (m) {
+                        dump(m, stdout);
+                        fflush(stdout);
+
+                        if (sd_bus_message_is_signal(m, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Local", "Disconnected") > 0) {
+                                log_info("Connection terminated, exiting.");
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (r > 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_bus_wait(bus, (uint64_t) -1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for bus: %m");
+        }
+}
+
+static int capture(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (isatty(fileno(stdout)) > 0) {
+                log_error("Refusing to write message data to console, please redirect output to a file.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        bus_pcap_header(arg_snaplen, stdout);
+
+        r = monitor(bus, argv, message_pcap);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ferror(stdout)) {
+                log_error("Couldn't write capture file.");
+                return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int status(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_creds_unrefp) sd_bus_creds *creds = NULL;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (strv_length(argv) > 2) {
+                log_error("Expects no or one argument.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (argv[1]) {
+                r = parse_pid(argv[1], &pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        r = sd_bus_get_name_creds(
+                                        bus,
+                                        argv[1],
+                                        (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
+                                        &creds);
+                else
+                        r = sd_bus_creds_new_from_pid(
+                                        &creds,
+                                        pid,
+                                        _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
+        } else {
+                const char *scope, *address;
+                sd_id128_t bus_id;
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_address(bus, &address);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        printf("BusAddress=%s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), address, ansi_normal());
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_scope(bus, &scope);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        printf("BusScope=%s%s%s\n", ansi_highlight(), scope, ansi_normal());
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_bus_id(bus, &bus_id);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        printf("BusID=%s" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "%s\n", ansi_highlight(), SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(bus_id), ansi_normal());
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner_creds(
+                                bus,
+                                (arg_augment_creds ? SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT : 0) | _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL,
+                                &creds);
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get credentials: %m");
+
+        bus_creds_dump(creds, NULL, false);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int message_append_cmdline(sd_bus_message *m, const char *signature, char ***x) {
+        char **p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(signature);
+        assert(x);
+
+        p = *x;
+
+        for (;;) {
+                const char *v;
+                char t;
+
+                t = *signature;
+                v = *p;
+
+                if (t == 0)
+                        break;
+                if (!v) {
+                        log_error("Too few parameters for signature.");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                signature++;
+                p++;
+
+                switch (t) {
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+
+                        r = parse_boolean(v);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as boolean: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &r);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE: {
+                        uint8_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atou8(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as byte (unsigned 8bit integer): %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16: {
+                        int16_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atoi16(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as signed 16bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16: {
+                        uint16_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atou16(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 16bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32: {
+                        int32_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atoi32(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as signed 32bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
+                        uint32_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atou32(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 32bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64: {
+                        int64_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atoi64(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as signed 64bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
+                        uint64_t z;
+
+                        r = safe_atou64(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as unsigned 64bit integer: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE: {
+                        double z;
+
+                        r = safe_atod(v, &z);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse as double precision floating point: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, &z);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE:
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(m, t, v);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY: {
+                        uint32_t n;
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        r = safe_atou32(v, &n);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse number of array entries: %s", v);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Invalid array signature.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        {
+                                unsigned i;
+                                char s[k + 1];
+                                memcpy(s, signature, k);
+                                s[k] = 0;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                                for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                                        r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, &p);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return r;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        signature += k;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT:
+                        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, v);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                        r = message_append_cmdline(m, v, &p);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        break;
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY_BEGIN: {
+                        size_t k;
+
+                        signature--;
+                        p--;
+
+                        r = signature_element_length(signature, &k);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Invalid struct/dict entry signature.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        {
+                                char s[k-1];
+                                memcpy(s, signature + 1, k - 2);
+                                s[k - 2] = 0;
+
+                                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, t == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN ? SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT : SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, s);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                                r = message_append_cmdline(m, s, &p);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+
+                        signature += k;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD:
+                        log_error("UNIX file descriptor not supported as type.");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        log_error("Unknown signature type %c.", t);
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+        }
+
+        *x = p;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int call(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (strv_length(argv) < 5) {
+                log_error("Expects at least four arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], argv[3], argv[4]);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_set_expect_reply(m, arg_expect_reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_set_auto_start(m, arg_auto_start);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_allow_interactive_authorization);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        if (!isempty(argv[5])) {
+                char **p;
+
+                p = argv+6;
+
+                r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &p);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (*p) {
+                        log_error("Too many parameters for signature.");
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_expect_reply) {
+                r = sd_bus_send(bus, m, NULL);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to send message.");
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_is_empty(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (r == 0 && !arg_quiet) {
+
+                if (arg_verbose) {
+                        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+                        r = bus_message_dump(reply, stdout, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                } else {
+
+                        fputs(sd_bus_message_get_signature(reply, true), stdout);
+                        fputc(' ', stdout);
+
+                        r = format_cmdline(reply, stdout, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_property(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        unsigned n;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        n = strv_length(argv);
+        if (n < 5) {
+                log_error("Expects at least four arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, argv + 4) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                const char *contents = NULL;
+                char type;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Get", &error, &reply, "ss", argv[3], *i);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(reply, &type, &contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'v', contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (arg_verbose)  {
+                        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+                        r = bus_message_dump(reply, stdout, BUS_MESSAGE_DUMP_SUBTREE_ONLY);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                } else {
+                        fputs(contents, stdout);
+                        fputc(' ', stdout);
+
+                        r = format_cmdline(reply, stdout, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        fputc('\n', stdout);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_property(sd_bus *bus, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        unsigned n;
+        char **p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+
+        n = strv_length(argv);
+        if (n < 6) {
+                log_error("Expects at least five arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, &m, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties", "Set");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", argv[3], argv[4]);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', argv[5]);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        p = argv+6;
+        r = message_append_cmdline(m, argv[5], &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        if (*p) {
+                log_error("Too many parameters for signature.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, arg_timeout, &error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("%s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
+               "Introspect the bus.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help               Show this help\n"
+               "     --version            Show package version\n"
+               "     --no-pager           Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --no-legend          Do not show the headers and footers\n"
+               "     --system             Connect to system bus\n"
+               "     --user               Connect to user bus\n"
+               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST   Operate on remote host\n"
+               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER  Operate on local container\n"
+               "     --address=ADDRESS    Connect to bus specified by address\n"
+               "     --show-machine       Show machine ID column in list\n"
+               "     --unique             Only show unique names\n"
+               "     --acquired           Only show acquired names\n"
+               "     --activatable        Only show activatable names\n"
+               "     --match=MATCH        Only show matching messages\n"
+               "     --size=SIZE          Maximum length of captured packet\n"
+               "     --list               Don't show tree, but simple object path list\n"
+               "     --quiet              Don't show method call reply\n"
+               "     --verbose            Show result values in long format\n"
+               "     --expect-reply=BOOL  Expect a method call reply\n"
+               "     --auto-start=BOOL    Auto-start destination service\n"
+               "     --allow-interactive-authorization=BOOL\n"
+               "                          Allow interactive authorization for operation\n"
+               "     --timeout=SECS       Maximum time to wait for method call completion\n"
+               "     --augment-creds=BOOL Extend credential data with data read from /proc/$PID\n\n"
+               "Commands:\n"
+               "  list                    List bus names\n"
+               "  status [SERVICE]        Show bus service, process or bus owner credentials\n"
+               "  monitor [SERVICE...]    Show bus traffic\n"
+               "  capture [SERVICE...]    Capture bus traffic as pcap\n"
+               "  tree [SERVICE...]       Show object tree of service\n"
+               "  introspect SERVICE OBJECT [INTERFACE]\n"
+               "  call SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE METHOD [SIGNATURE [ARGUMENT...]]\n"
+               "                          Call a method\n"
+               "  get-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY...\n"
+               "                          Get property value\n"
+               "  set-property SERVICE OBJECT INTERFACE PROPERTY SIGNATURE ARGUMENT...\n"
+               "                          Set property value\n"
+               "  help                    Show this help\n"
+               , program_invocation_short_name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_NO_LEGEND,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_ADDRESS,
+                ARG_MATCH,
+                ARG_SHOW_MACHINE,
+                ARG_UNIQUE,
+                ARG_ACQUIRED,
+                ARG_ACTIVATABLE,
+                ARG_SIZE,
+                ARG_LIST,
+                ARG_VERBOSE,
+                ARG_EXPECT_REPLY,
+                ARG_AUTO_START,
+                ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION,
+                ARG_TIMEOUT,
+                ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'              },
+                { "version",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION      },
+                { "no-pager",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER     },
+                { "no-legend",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_LEGEND    },
+                { "system",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM       },
+                { "user",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER         },
+                { "address",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ADDRESS      },
+                { "show-machine", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SHOW_MACHINE },
+                { "unique",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_UNIQUE       },
+                { "acquired",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ACQUIRED     },
+                { "activatable",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ACTIVATABLE  },
+                { "match",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_MATCH        },
+                { "host",         required_argument, NULL, 'H'              },
+                { "machine",      required_argument, NULL, 'M'              },
+                { "size",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_SIZE         },
+                { "list",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_LIST         },
+                { "quiet",        no_argument,       NULL, 'q'              },
+                { "verbose",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERBOSE      },
+                { "expect-reply", required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXPECT_REPLY },
+                { "auto-start",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUTO_START   },
+                { "allow-interactive-authorization", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION },
+                { "timeout",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_TIMEOUT      },
+                { "augment-creds",required_argument, NULL, ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS},
+                {},
+        };
+
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hH:M:q", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        return help();
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_LEGEND:
+                        arg_legend = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_user = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_user = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ADDRESS:
+                        arg_address = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHOW_MACHINE:
+                        arg_show_machine = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_UNIQUE:
+                        arg_unique = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ACQUIRED:
+                        arg_acquired = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ACTIVATABLE:
+                        arg_activatable = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_MATCH:
+                        if (strv_extend(&arg_matches, optarg) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SIZE: {
+                        uint64_t sz;
+
+                        r = parse_size(optarg, 1024, &sz);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse size: %s", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        if ((uint64_t) (size_t) sz !=  sz) {
+                                log_error("Size out of range.");
+                                return -E2BIG;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_snaplen = (size_t) sz;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case ARG_LIST:
+                        arg_list = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'H':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'q':
+                        arg_quiet = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_VERBOSE:
+                        arg_verbose = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_EXPECT_REPLY:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --expect-reply= parameter.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_expect_reply = !!r;
+                        break;
+
+
+                case ARG_AUTO_START:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --auto-start= parameter.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_auto_start = !!r;
+                        break;
+
+
+                case ARG_ALLOW_INTERACTIVE_AUTHORIZATION:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --allow-interactive-authorization= parameter.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_allow_interactive_authorization = !!r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_TIMEOUT:
+                        r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_timeout);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --timeout= parameter.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_AUGMENT_CREDS:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --augment-creds= parameter.");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_augment_creds = !!r;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int busctl_main(sd_bus *bus, int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        assert(bus);
+
+        if (optind >= argc ||
+            streq(argv[optind], "list"))
+                return list_bus_names(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "monitor"))
+                return monitor(bus, argv + optind, message_dump);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "capture"))
+                return capture(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "status"))
+                return status(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "tree"))
+                return tree(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "introspect"))
+                return introspect(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "call"))
+                return call(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "get-property"))
+                return get_property(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "set-property"))
+                return set_property(bus, argv + optind);
+
+        if (streq(argv[optind], "help"))
+                return help();
+
+        log_error("Unknown command '%s'", argv[optind]);
+        return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        r = sd_bus_new(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to allocate bus: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (streq_ptr(argv[optind], "monitor") ||
+            streq_ptr(argv[optind], "capture")) {
+
+                r = sd_bus_set_monitor(bus, true);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set monitor mode: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_negotiate_creds(bus, true, _SD_BUS_CREDS_ALL);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable credentials: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_negotiate_timestamp(bus, true);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable timestamps: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_negotiate_fds(bus, true);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to enable fds: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set bus client: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_address)
+                r = sd_bus_set_address(bus, arg_address);
+        else {
+                switch (arg_transport) {
+
+                case BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL:
+                        if (arg_user) {
+                                bus->is_user = true;
+                                r = bus_set_address_user(bus);
+                        } else {
+                                bus->is_system = true;
+                                r = bus_set_address_system(bus);
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE:
+                        r = bus_set_address_system_remote(bus, arg_host);
+                        break;
+
+                case BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE:
+                        r = bus_set_address_system_machine(bus, arg_host);
+                        break;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Hmm, unknown transport type.");
+                }
+        }
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set address: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_start(bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to bus: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = busctl_main(bus, argc, argv);
+
+finish:
+        pager_close();
+
+        strv_free(arg_matches);
+
+        return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}