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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2014 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="busctl"
+          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <title>busctl</title>
+    <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+    <authorgroup>
+      <author>
+        <contrib>A monkey with a typewriter</contrib>
+        <firstname>Zbigniew</firstname>
+        <surname>Jędrzejewski-Szmek</surname>
+        <email>zbyszek@in.waw.pl</email>
+      </author>
+    </authorgroup>
+  </refentryinfo>
+
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>busctl</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+  </refmeta>
+
+  <refnamediv>
+    <refname>busctl</refname>
+    <refpurpose>Introspect the bus</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>busctl</command>
+      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+      <arg choice="opt">COMMAND</arg>
+      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Description</title>
+
+    <para><command>busctl</command> may be used to
+    introspect and monitor the D-Bus bus.</para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Options</title>
+
+    <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--address=<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>Connect to the bus specified by
+          <replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable> instead of using suitable
+          defaults for either the system or user bus (see
+          <option>--system</option> and <option>--user</option>
+          options).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--show-machine</option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show a
+          column containing the names of containers they belong to.
+          See
+          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-machined.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+          </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--unique</option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
+          "unique" names (of the form
+          <literal>:<replaceable>number</replaceable>.<replaceable>number</replaceable></literal>).
+          </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--acquired</option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>The opposite of <option>--unique</option> —
+          only "well-known" names will be shown.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--activatable</option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>When showing the list of peers, show only
+          peers which have actually not been activated yet, but may be
+          started automatically if accessed.</para>
+          </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+          <term><option>--match=<replaceable>MATCH</replaceable></option></term>
+
+          <listitem><para>When showing messages being exchanged, show only the
+          subset matching <replaceable>MATCH</replaceable>.
+          See
+          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_bus_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+          </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--size=</option></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>capture</command> command,
+          specifies the maximum bus message size to capture
+          ("snaplen"). Defaults to 4096 bytes.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--list</option></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>tree</command> command, shows a
+          flat list of object paths instead of a tree.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
+          suppresses display of the response message payload. Note that even
+          if this option is specified, errors returned will still be
+          printed and the tool will indicate success or failure with
+          the process exit code.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> or
+          <command>get-property</command> command, shows output in a
+          more verbose format.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--expect-reply=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
+          specifies whether <command>busctl</command> shall wait for
+          completion of the method call, output the returned method
+          response data, and return success or failure via the process
+          exit code. If this is set to <literal>no</literal>, the
+          method call will be issued but no response is expected, the
+          tool terminates immediately, and thus no response can be
+          shown, and no success or failure is returned via the exit
+          code. To only suppress output of the reply message payload,
+          use <option>--quiet</option> above. Defaults to
+          <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--auto-start=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> command, specifies
+          whether the method call should implicitly activate the
+          called service, should it not be running yet but is
+          configured to be auto-started. Defaults to
+          <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--allow-interactive-authorization=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
+          specifies whether the services may enforce interactive
+          authorization while executing the operation, if the security
+          policy is configured for this. Defaults to
+          <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--timeout=</option><replaceable>SECS</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>When used with the <command>call</command> command,
+          specifies the maximum time to wait for method call
+          completion. If no time unit is specified, assumes
+          seconds. The usual other units are understood, too (ms, us,
+          s, min, h, d, w, month, y). Note that this timeout does not
+          apply if <option>--expect-reply=no</option> is used, as the
+          tool does not wait for any reply message then. When not
+          specified or when set to 0, the default of
+          <literal>25s</literal> is assumed.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--augment-creds=</option><replaceable>BOOL</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem>
+          <para>Controls whether credential data reported by
+          <command>list</command> or <command>status</command> shall
+          be augmented with data from
+          <filename>/proc</filename>. When this is turned on, the data
+          shown is possibly inconsistent, as the data read from
+          <filename>/proc</filename> might be more recent than the rest of
+          the credential information. Defaults to <literal>yes</literal>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
+      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
+      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
+      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
+
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Commands</title>
+
+    <para>The following commands are understood:</para>
+
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>list</command></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Show all peers on the bus, by their service
+        names. By default, shows both unique and well-known names, but
+        this may be changed with the <option>--unique</option> and
+        <option>--acquired</option> switches. This is the default
+        operation if no command is specified.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>status</command> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Show process information and credentials of a
+        bus service (if one is specified by its unique or well-known
+        name), a process (if one is specified by its numeric PID), or
+        the owner of the bus (if no parameter is
+        specified).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>monitor</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Dump messages being exchanged. If
+        <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified, show messages
+        to or from this peer, identified by its well-known or unique
+        name. Otherwise, show all messages on the bus. Use Ctrl-C to
+        terminate the dump.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>capture</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Similar to <command>monitor</command> but
+        writes the output in pcap format (for details, see the <ulink
+        url="http://wiki.wireshark.org/Development/LibpcapFileFormat">Libpcap
+        File Format</ulink> description. Make sure to redirect the
+        output to STDOUT to a file. Tools like
+        <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+        may be used to dissect and view the generated
+        files.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>tree</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Shows an object tree of one or more
+        services. If <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> is specified,
+        show object tree of the specified services only. Otherwise,
+        show all object trees of all services on the bus that acquired
+        at least one well-known name.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>introspect</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Show interfaces, methods, properties and
+        signals of the specified object (identified by its path) on
+        the specified service. If the interface argument is passed, the
+        output is limited to members of the specified
+        interface.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>call</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>METHOD</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="opt"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Invoke a method and show the response. Takes a
+        service name, object path, interface name and method name. If
+        parameters shall be passed to the method call, a signature
+        string is required, followed by the arguments, individually
+        formatted as strings. For details on the formatting used, see
+        below. To suppress output of the returned data, use the
+        <option>--quiet</option> option.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>get-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Retrieve the current value of one or more
+        object properties. Takes a service name, object path,
+        interface name and property name. Multiple properties may be
+        specified at once, in which case their values will be shown one
+        after the other, separated by newlines. The output is, by
+        default, in terse format. Use <option>--verbose</option> for a
+        more elaborate output format.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>set-property</command> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>OBJECT</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>SIGNATURE</replaceable></arg> <arg choice="plain" rep="repeat"><replaceable>ARGUMENT</replaceable></arg></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Set the current value of an object
+        property. Takes a service name, object path, interface name,
+        property name, property signature, followed by a list of
+        parameters formatted as strings.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><command>help</command></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Show command syntax help.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Parameter Formatting</title>
+
+    <para>The <command>call</command> and
+    <command>set-property</command> commands take a signature string
+    followed by a list of parameters formatted as string (for details
+    on D-Bus signature strings, see the <ulink
+    url="http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#type-system">Type
+    system chapter of the D-Bus specification</ulink>). For simple
+    types, each parameter following the signature should simply be the
+    parameter's value formatted as string. Positive boolean values may
+    be formatted as <literal>true</literal>, <literal>yes</literal>,
+    <literal>on</literal>, or <literal>1</literal>; negative boolean
+    values may be specified as <literal>false</literal>,
+    <literal>no</literal>, <literal>off</literal>, or
+    <literal>0</literal>. For arrays, a numeric argument for the
+    number of entries followed by the entries shall be specified. For
+    variants, the signature of the contents shall be specified,
+    followed by the contents. For dictionaries and structs, the
+    contents of them shall be directly specified.</para>
+
+    <para>For example,
+    <programlisting>s jawoll</programlisting> is the formatting
+    of a single string <literal>jawoll</literal>.</para>
+
+    <para>
+    <programlisting>as 3 hello world foobar</programlisting>
+    is the formatting of a string array with three entries,
+    <literal>hello</literal>, <literal>world</literal> and
+    <literal>foobar</literal>.</para>
+
+    <para>
+    <programlisting>a{sv} 3 One s Eins Two u 2 Yes b true</programlisting>
+    is the formatting of a dictionary
+    array that maps strings to variants, consisting of three
+    entries. The string <literal>One</literal> is assigned the
+    string <literal>Eins</literal>. The string
+    <literal>Two</literal> is assigned the 32-bit unsigned
+    integer 2. The string <literal>Yes</literal> is assigned a
+    positive boolean.</para>
+
+    <para>Note that the <command>call</command>,
+    <command>get-property</command>, <command>introspect</command>
+    commands will also generate output in this format for the returned
+    data. Since this format is sometimes too terse to be easily
+    understood, the <command>call</command> and
+    <command>get-property</command> commands may generate a more
+    verbose, multi-line output when passed the
+    <option>--verbose</option> option.</para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Examples</title>
+
+    <example>
+      <title>Write and Read a Property</title>
+
+      <para>The following two commands first write a property and then
+      read it back. The property is found on the
+      <literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object of the
+      <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal> service. The name of
+      the property is <literal>LogLevel</literal> on the
+      <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
+      interface. The property contains a single string:</para>
+
+      <programlisting># busctl set-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel s debug
+# busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager LogLevel
+s "debug"</programlisting>
+
+    </example>
+
+    <example>
+      <title>Terse and Verbose Output</title>
+
+      <para>The following two commands read a property that contains
+      an array of strings, and first show it in terse format, followed
+      by verbose format:</para>
+
+      <programlisting>$ busctl get-property org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
+as 2 "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin"
+$ busctl get-property --verbose org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager Environment
+ARRAY "s" {
+        STRING "LANG=en_US.UTF-8";
+        STRING "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin";
+};</programlisting>
+    </example>
+
+    <example>
+      <title>Invoking a Method</title>
+
+      <para>The following command invokes the
+      <literal>StartUnit</literal> method on the
+      <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager</literal>
+      interface of the
+      <literal>/org/freedesktop/systemd1</literal> object
+      of the <literal>org.freedesktop.systemd1</literal>
+      service, and passes it two strings
+      <literal>cups.service</literal> and
+      <literal>replace</literal>. As a result of the method
+      call, a single object path parameter is received and
+      shown:</para>
+
+      <programlisting># busctl call org.freedesktop.systemd1 /org/freedesktop/systemd1 org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager StartUnit ss "cups.service" "replace"
+o "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/42684"</programlisting>
+    </example>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>See Also</title>
+
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry project='dbus'><refentrytitle>dbus-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <ulink url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/dbus">D-Bus</ulink>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-bus</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>wireshark</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>