move libsystemd_core.la sources into core/

1 files changed, 1483 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/dbus.c b/src/core/dbus.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ddf91f225a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/dbus.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1483 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <dbus/dbus.h>
+
+#include "dbus.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "cgroup.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "dbus-unit.h"
+#include "dbus-job.h"
+#include "dbus-manager.h"
+#include "dbus-service.h"
+#include "dbus-socket.h"
+#include "dbus-target.h"
+#include "dbus-device.h"
+#include "dbus-mount.h"
+#include "dbus-automount.h"
+#include "dbus-snapshot.h"
+#include "dbus-swap.h"
+#include "dbus-timer.h"
+#include "dbus-path.h"
+#include "bus-errors.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "dbus-common.h"
+
+#define CONNECTIONS_MAX 52
+
+/* Well-known address (http://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-specification.html#message-bus-types) */
+#define DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_DEFAULT_ADDRESS "unix:path=/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket"
+/* Only used as a fallback */
+#define DBUS_SESSION_BUS_DEFAULT_ADDRESS "autolaunch:"
+
+static const char bus_properties_interface[] = BUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE;
+static const char bus_introspectable_interface[] = BUS_INTROSPECTABLE_INTERFACE;
+
+const char *const bus_interface_table[] = {
+        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",     bus_properties_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", bus_introspectable_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",    bus_manager_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",        bus_job_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",       bus_unit_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Service",    bus_service_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Socket",     bus_socket_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Target",     bus_target_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Device",     bus_device_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Mount",      bus_mount_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Automount",  bus_automount_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",   bus_snapshot_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Swap",       bus_swap_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Timer",      bus_timer_interface,
+        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Path",       bus_path_interface,
+        NULL
+};
+
+static void bus_done_api(Manager *m);
+static void bus_done_system(Manager *m);
+static void bus_done_private(Manager *m);
+static void shutdown_connection(Manager *m, DBusConnection *c);
+
+static void bus_dispatch_status(DBusConnection *bus, DBusDispatchStatus status, void *data)  {
+        Manager *m = data;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* We maintain two sets, one for those connections where we
+         * requested a dispatch, and another where we didn't. And then,
+         * we move the connections between the two sets. */
+
+        if (status == DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE)
+                set_move_one(m->bus_connections, m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, bus);
+        else
+                set_move_one(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, m->bus_connections, bus);
+}
+
+void bus_watch_event(Manager *m, Watch *w, int events) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(w);
+
+        /* This is called by the event loop whenever there is
+         * something happening on D-Bus' file handles. */
+
+        if (!dbus_watch_get_enabled(w->data.bus_watch))
+                return;
+
+        dbus_watch_handle(w->data.bus_watch, bus_events_to_flags(events));
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t bus_add_watch(DBusWatch *bus_watch, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+        struct epoll_event ev;
+
+        assert(bus_watch);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (!(w = new0(Watch, 1)))
+                return FALSE;
+
+        w->fd = dbus_watch_get_unix_fd(bus_watch);
+        w->type = WATCH_DBUS_WATCH;
+        w->data.bus_watch = bus_watch;
+
+        zero(ev);
+        ev.events = bus_flags_to_events(bus_watch);
+        ev.data.ptr = w;
+
+        if (epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, w->fd, &ev) < 0) {
+
+                if (errno != EEXIST) {
+                        free(w);
+                        return FALSE;
+                }
+
+                /* Hmm, bloody D-Bus creates multiple watches on the
+                 * same fd. epoll() does not like that. As a dirty
+                 * hack we simply dup() the fd and hence get a second
+                 * one we can safely add to the epoll(). */
+
+                if ((w->fd = dup(w->fd)) < 0) {
+                        free(w);
+                        return FALSE;
+                }
+
+                if (epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, w->fd, &ev) < 0) {
+                        close_nointr_nofail(w->fd);
+                        free(w);
+                        return FALSE;
+                }
+
+                w->fd_is_dupped = true;
+        }
+
+        dbus_watch_set_data(bus_watch, w, NULL);
+
+        return TRUE;
+}
+
+static void bus_remove_watch(DBusWatch *bus_watch, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+
+        assert(bus_watch);
+        assert(m);
+
+        w = dbus_watch_get_data(bus_watch);
+        if (!w)
+                return;
+
+        assert(w->type == WATCH_DBUS_WATCH);
+        assert_se(epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, w->fd, NULL) >= 0);
+
+        if (w->fd_is_dupped)
+                close_nointr_nofail(w->fd);
+
+        free(w);
+}
+
+static void bus_toggle_watch(DBusWatch *bus_watch, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+        struct epoll_event ev;
+
+        assert(bus_watch);
+        assert(m);
+
+        w = dbus_watch_get_data(bus_watch);
+        if (!w)
+                return;
+
+        assert(w->type == WATCH_DBUS_WATCH);
+
+        zero(ev);
+        ev.events = bus_flags_to_events(bus_watch);
+        ev.data.ptr = w;
+
+        assert_se(epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, w->fd, &ev) == 0);
+}
+
+static int bus_timeout_arm(Manager *m, Watch *w) {
+        struct itimerspec its;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(w);
+
+        zero(its);
+
+        if (dbus_timeout_get_enabled(w->data.bus_timeout)) {
+                timespec_store(&its.it_value, dbus_timeout_get_interval(w->data.bus_timeout) * USEC_PER_MSEC);
+                its.it_interval = its.it_value;
+        }
+
+        if (timerfd_settime(w->fd, 0, &its, NULL) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void bus_timeout_event(Manager *m, Watch *w, int events) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(w);
+
+        /* This is called by the event loop whenever there is
+         * something happening on D-Bus' file handles. */
+
+        if (!(dbus_timeout_get_enabled(w->data.bus_timeout)))
+                return;
+
+        dbus_timeout_handle(w->data.bus_timeout);
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t bus_add_timeout(DBusTimeout *timeout, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+        struct epoll_event ev;
+
+        assert(timeout);
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (!(w = new0(Watch, 1)))
+                return FALSE;
+
+        if ((w->fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, TFD_NONBLOCK|TFD_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        w->type = WATCH_DBUS_TIMEOUT;
+        w->data.bus_timeout = timeout;
+
+        if (bus_timeout_arm(m, w) < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        zero(ev);
+        ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+        ev.data.ptr = w;
+
+        if (epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, w->fd, &ev) < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        dbus_timeout_set_data(timeout, w, NULL);
+
+        return TRUE;
+
+fail:
+        if (w->fd >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(w->fd);
+
+        free(w);
+        return FALSE;
+}
+
+static void bus_remove_timeout(DBusTimeout *timeout, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+
+        assert(timeout);
+        assert(m);
+
+        w = dbus_timeout_get_data(timeout);
+        if (!w)
+                return;
+
+        assert(w->type == WATCH_DBUS_TIMEOUT);
+
+        assert_se(epoll_ctl(m->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, w->fd, NULL) >= 0);
+        close_nointr_nofail(w->fd);
+        free(w);
+}
+
+static void bus_toggle_timeout(DBusTimeout *timeout, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        Watch *w;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(timeout);
+        assert(m);
+
+        w = dbus_timeout_get_data(timeout);
+        if (!w)
+                return;
+
+        assert(w->type == WATCH_DBUS_TIMEOUT);
+
+        if ((r = bus_timeout_arm(m, w)) < 0)
+                log_error("Failed to rearm timer: %s", strerror(-r));
+}
+
+static DBusHandlerResult api_bus_message_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+
+        assert(connection);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        if (dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL ||
+            dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL)
+                log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
+                          dbus_message_get_interface(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_member(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_path(message));
+
+        if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
+                log_debug("API D-Bus connection terminated.");
+                bus_done_api(m);
+
+        } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS, "NameOwnerChanged")) {
+                const char *name, *old_owner, *new_owner;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &old_owner,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &new_owner,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                        log_error("Failed to parse NameOwnerChanged message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                else  {
+                        if (set_remove(BUS_CONNECTION_SUBSCRIBED(m, connection), (char*) name))
+                                log_debug("Subscription client vanished: %s (left: %u)", name, set_size(BUS_CONNECTION_SUBSCRIBED(m, connection)));
+
+                        if (old_owner[0] == 0)
+                                old_owner = NULL;
+
+                        if (new_owner[0] == 0)
+                                new_owner = NULL;
+
+                        manager_dispatch_bus_name_owner_changed(m, name, old_owner, new_owner);
+                }
+        } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Activator", "ActivationRequest")) {
+                const char *name;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                        log_error("Failed to parse ActivationRequest message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                else  {
+                        int r;
+                        Unit *u;
+
+                        log_debug("Got D-Bus activation request for %s", name);
+
+                        if (manager_unit_pending_inactive(m, SPECIAL_DBUS_SERVICE) ||
+                            manager_unit_pending_inactive(m, SPECIAL_DBUS_SOCKET)) {
+                                r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+                                dbus_set_error(&error, BUS_ERROR_SHUTTING_DOWN, "Refusing activation, D-Bus is shutting down.");
+                        } else {
+                                r = manager_load_unit(m, name, NULL, &error, &u);
+
+                                if (r >= 0 && u->refuse_manual_start)
+                                        r = -EPERM;
+
+                                if (r >= 0)
+                                        r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, u, JOB_REPLACE, true, &error, NULL);
+                        }
+
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                const char *id, *text;
+
+                                log_debug("D-Bus activation failed for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
+
+                                if (!(reply = dbus_message_new_signal("/org/freedesktop/systemd1", "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Activator", "ActivationFailure")))
+                                        goto oom;
+
+                                id = error.name ? error.name : bus_errno_to_dbus(r);
+                                text = bus_error(&error, r);
+
+                                if (!dbus_message_set_destination(reply, DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS) ||
+                                    !dbus_message_append_args(reply,
+                                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
+                                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
+                                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                                        goto oom;
+                        }
+
+                        /* On success we don't do anything, the service will be spawned now */
+                }
+        }
+
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        if (reply) {
+                if (!dbus_connection_send(connection, reply, NULL))
+                        goto oom;
+
+                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        }
+
+        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
+
+oom:
+        if (reply)
+                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
+}
+
+static DBusHandlerResult system_bus_message_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        DBusError error;
+
+        assert(connection);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        if (m->api_bus != m->system_bus &&
+            (dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL ||
+             dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL))
+                log_debug("Got D-Bus request on system bus: %s.%s() on %s",
+                          dbus_message_get_interface(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_member(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_path(message));
+
+        if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
+                log_debug("System D-Bus connection terminated.");
+                bus_done_system(m);
+
+        } else if (m->running_as != MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
+                   dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Agent", "Released")) {
+
+                const char *cgroup;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &cgroup,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                        log_error("Failed to parse Released message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                else
+                        cgroup_notify_empty(m, cgroup);
+        }
+
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
+}
+
+static DBusHandlerResult private_bus_message_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
+        Manager *m = data;
+        DBusError error;
+
+        assert(connection);
+        assert(message);
+        assert(m);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        if (dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_CALL ||
+            dbus_message_get_type(message) == DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_SIGNAL)
+                log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
+                          dbus_message_get_interface(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_member(message),
+                          dbus_message_get_path(message));
+
+        if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected"))
+                shutdown_connection(m, connection);
+        else if (m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
+                 dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Agent", "Released")) {
+
+                const char *cgroup;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &cgroup,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                        log_error("Failed to parse Released message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                else
+                        cgroup_notify_empty(m, cgroup);
+
+                /* Forward the message to the system bus, so that user
+                 * instances are notified as well */
+
+                if (m->system_bus)
+                        dbus_connection_send(m->system_bus, message, NULL);
+        }
+
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
+}
+
+unsigned bus_dispatch(Manager *m) {
+        DBusConnection *c;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->queued_message) {
+                /* If we cannot get rid of this message we won't
+                 * dispatch any D-Bus messages, so that we won't end
+                 * up wanting to queue another message. */
+
+                if (m->queued_message_connection)
+                        if (!dbus_connection_send(m->queued_message_connection, m->queued_message, NULL))
+                                return 0;
+
+                dbus_message_unref(m->queued_message);
+                m->queued_message = NULL;
+                m->queued_message_connection = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if ((c = set_first(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch))) {
+                if (dbus_connection_dispatch(c) == DBUS_DISPATCH_COMPLETE)
+                        set_move_one(m->bus_connections, m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, c);
+
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void request_name_pending_cb(DBusPendingCall *pending, void *userdata) {
+        DBusMessage *reply;
+        DBusError error;
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        assert_se(reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending));
+
+        switch (dbus_message_get_type(reply)) {
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR:
+
+                assert_se(dbus_set_error_from_message(&error, reply));
+                log_warning("RequestName() failed: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                break;
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN: {
+                uint32_t r;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply,
+                                           &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &r,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse RequestName() reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (r == 1)
+                        log_debug("Successfully acquired name.");
+                else
+                        log_error("Name already owned.");
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Invalid reply message");
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+}
+
+static int request_name(Manager *m) {
+        const char *name = "org.freedesktop.systemd1";
+        /* Allow replacing of our name, to ease implementation of
+         * reexecution, where we keep the old connection open until
+         * after the new connection is set up and the name installed
+         * to allow clients to synchronously wait for reexecution to
+         * finish */
+        uint32_t flags = DBUS_NAME_FLAG_ALLOW_REPLACEMENT|DBUS_NAME_FLAG_REPLACE_EXISTING;
+        DBusMessage *message = NULL;
+        DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
+
+        if (!(message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                              DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_PATH_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS,
+                              "RequestName")))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_append_args(
+                            message,
+                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &flags,
+                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_send_with_reply(m->api_bus, message, &pending, -1))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_notify(pending, request_name_pending_cb, m, NULL))
+                goto oom;
+
+        dbus_message_unref(message);
+        dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+
+        /* We simple ask for the name and don't wait for it. Sooner or
+         * later we'll have it. */
+
+        return 0;
+
+oom:
+        if (pending) {
+                dbus_pending_call_cancel(pending);
+                dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+        }
+
+        if (message)
+                dbus_message_unref(message);
+
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void query_name_list_pending_cb(DBusPendingCall *pending, void *userdata) {
+        DBusMessage *reply;
+        DBusError error;
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        assert_se(reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending));
+
+        switch (dbus_message_get_type(reply)) {
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR:
+
+                assert_se(dbus_set_error_from_message(&error, reply));
+                log_warning("ListNames() failed: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                break;
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN: {
+                int r;
+                char **l;
+
+                if ((r = bus_parse_strv(reply, &l)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse ListNames() reply: %s", strerror(-r));
+                else {
+                        char **t;
+
+                        STRV_FOREACH(t, l)
+                                /* This is a bit hacky, we say the
+                                 * owner of the name is the name
+                                 * itself, because we don't want the
+                                 * extra traffic to figure out the
+                                 * real owner. */
+                                manager_dispatch_bus_name_owner_changed(m, *t, NULL, *t);
+
+                        strv_free(l);
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Invalid reply message");
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+}
+
+static int query_name_list(Manager *m) {
+        DBusMessage *message = NULL;
+        DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
+
+        /* Asks for the currently installed bus names */
+
+        if (!(message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                              DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_PATH_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS,
+                              "ListNames")))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_send_with_reply(m->api_bus, message, &pending, -1))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_notify(pending, query_name_list_pending_cb, m, NULL))
+                goto oom;
+
+        dbus_message_unref(message);
+        dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+
+        /* We simple ask for the list and don't wait for it. Sooner or
+         * later we'll get it. */
+
+        return 0;
+
+oom:
+        if (pending) {
+                dbus_pending_call_cancel(pending);
+                dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+        }
+
+        if (message)
+                dbus_message_unref(message);
+
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static int bus_setup_loop(Manager *m, DBusConnection *bus) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(bus);
+
+        dbus_connection_set_exit_on_disconnect(bus, FALSE);
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_set_watch_functions(bus, bus_add_watch, bus_remove_watch, bus_toggle_watch, m, NULL) ||
+            !dbus_connection_set_timeout_functions(bus, bus_add_timeout, bus_remove_timeout, bus_toggle_timeout, m, NULL)) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (set_put(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, bus) < 0) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function(bus, bus_dispatch_status, m, NULL);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static dbus_bool_t allow_only_same_user(DBusConnection *connection, unsigned long uid, void *data) {
+        return uid == 0 || uid == geteuid();
+}
+
+static void bus_new_connection(
+                DBusServer *server,
+                DBusConnection *new_connection,
+                void *data) {
+
+        Manager *m = data;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (set_size(m->bus_connections) >= CONNECTIONS_MAX) {
+                log_error("Too many concurrent connections.");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_set_unix_user_function(new_connection, allow_only_same_user, NULL, NULL);
+
+        if (bus_setup_loop(m, new_connection) < 0)
+                return;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_register_object_path(new_connection, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", &bus_manager_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_register_fallback(new_connection, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit", &bus_unit_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_register_fallback(new_connection, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job", &bus_job_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_add_filter(new_connection, private_bus_message_filter, m, NULL)) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory.");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("Accepted connection on private bus.");
+
+        dbus_connection_ref(new_connection);
+}
+
+static int init_registered_system_bus(Manager *m) {
+        char *id;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(m->system_bus, system_bus_message_filter, m, NULL)) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        if (m->running_as != MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                DBusError error;
+
+                dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+                dbus_bus_add_match(m->system_bus,
+                                   "type='signal',"
+                                   "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Agent',"
+                                   "member='Released',"
+                                   "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1/agent'",
+                                   &error);
+
+                if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to register match: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        log_debug("Successfully connected to system D-Bus bus %s as %s",
+                 strnull((id = dbus_connection_get_server_id(m->system_bus))),
+                 strnull(dbus_bus_get_unique_name(m->system_bus)));
+        dbus_free(id);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int init_registered_api_bus(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_register_object_path(m->api_bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", &bus_manager_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_register_fallback(m->api_bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit", &bus_unit_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_register_fallback(m->api_bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job", &bus_job_vtable, m) ||
+            !dbus_connection_add_filter(m->api_bus, api_bus_message_filter, m, NULL)) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        /* Get NameOwnerChange messages */
+        dbus_bus_add_match(m->api_bus,
+                           "type='signal',"
+                           "sender='"DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS"',"
+                           "interface='"DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS"',"
+                           "member='NameOwnerChanged',"
+                           "path='"DBUS_PATH_DBUS"'",
+                           NULL);
+
+        /* Get activation requests */
+        dbus_bus_add_match(m->api_bus,
+                           "type='signal',"
+                           "sender='"DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS"',"
+                           "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Activator',"
+                           "member='ActivationRequest',"
+                           "path='"DBUS_PATH_DBUS"'",
+                           NULL);
+
+        r = request_name(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = query_name_list(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
+                char *id;
+                log_debug("Successfully connected to API D-Bus bus %s as %s",
+                         strnull((id = dbus_connection_get_server_id(m->api_bus))),
+                         strnull(dbus_bus_get_unique_name(m->api_bus)));
+                dbus_free(id);
+        } else
+                log_debug("Successfully initialized API on the system bus");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void bus_register_cb(DBusPendingCall *pending, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        DBusConnection **conn;
+        DBusMessage *reply;
+        DBusError error;
+        const char *name;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        conn = dbus_pending_call_get_data(pending, m->conn_data_slot);
+        assert(conn == &m->system_bus || conn == &m->api_bus);
+
+        reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending);
+
+        switch (dbus_message_get_type(reply)) {
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR:
+                assert_se(dbus_set_error_from_message(&error, reply));
+                log_warning("Failed to register to bus: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                r = -1;
+                break;
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN:
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse Hello reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        r = -1;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                log_debug("Received name %s in reply to Hello", name);
+                if (!dbus_bus_set_unique_name(*conn, name)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to set unique name");
+                        r = -1;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (conn == &m->system_bus) {
+                        r = init_registered_system_bus(m);
+                        if (r == 0 && m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                                r = init_registered_api_bus(m);
+                } else
+                        r = init_registered_api_bus(m);
+
+                break;
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Invalid reply message");
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (conn == &m->system_bus) {
+                        log_debug("Failed setting up the system bus");
+                        bus_done_system(m);
+                } else {
+                        log_debug("Failed setting up the API bus");
+                        bus_done_api(m);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+static int manager_bus_async_register(Manager *m, DBusConnection **conn) {
+        DBusMessage *message = NULL;
+        DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
+
+        message = dbus_message_new_method_call(DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS,
+                                               DBUS_PATH_DBUS,
+                                               DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS,
+                                               "Hello");
+        if (!message)
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_send_with_reply(*conn, message, &pending, -1))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_data(pending, m->conn_data_slot, conn, NULL))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_notify(pending, bus_register_cb, m, NULL))
+                goto oom;
+
+        dbus_message_unref(message);
+        dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+
+        return 0;
+oom:
+        if (pending) {
+                dbus_pending_call_cancel(pending);
+                dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+        }
+
+        if (message)
+                dbus_message_unref(message);
+
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static DBusConnection* manager_bus_connect_private(Manager *m, DBusBusType type) {
+        const char *address;
+        DBusConnection *connection;
+        DBusError error;
+
+        switch (type) {
+        case DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM:
+                address = getenv("DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS");
+                if (!address || !address[0])
+                        address = DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_DEFAULT_ADDRESS;
+                break;
+        case DBUS_BUS_SESSION:
+                address = getenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS");
+                if (!address || !address[0])
+                        address = DBUS_SESSION_BUS_DEFAULT_ADDRESS;
+                break;
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Invalid bus type");
+        }
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        connection = dbus_connection_open_private(address, &error);
+        if (!connection) {
+                log_warning("Failed to open private bus connection: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        return connection;
+fail:
+        if (connection)
+                dbus_connection_close(connection);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static int bus_init_system(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (m->system_bus)
+                return 0;
+
+        m->system_bus = manager_bus_connect_private(m, DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM);
+        if (!m->system_bus) {
+                log_debug("Failed to connect to system D-Bus, retrying later");
+                r = 0;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_setup_loop(m, m->system_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        r = manager_bus_async_register(m, &m->system_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        return 0;
+fail:
+        bus_done_system(m);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int bus_init_api(Manager *m) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (m->api_bus)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                m->api_bus = m->system_bus;
+                /* In this mode there is no distinct connection to the API bus,
+                 * the API is published on the system bus.
+                 * bus_register_cb() is aware of that and will init the API
+                 * when the system bus gets registered.
+                 * No need to setup anything here. */
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        m->api_bus = manager_bus_connect_private(m, DBUS_BUS_SESSION);
+        if (!m->api_bus) {
+                log_debug("Failed to connect to API D-Bus, retrying later");
+                r = 0;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_setup_loop(m, m->api_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        r = manager_bus_async_register(m, &m->api_bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
+
+        return 0;
+fail:
+        bus_done_api(m);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int bus_init_private(Manager *m) {
+        DBusError error;
+        int r;
+        const char *const external_only[] = {
+                "EXTERNAL",
+                NULL
+        };
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        if (m->private_bus)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+
+                /* We want the private bus only when running as init */
+                if (getpid() != 1)
+                        return 0;
+
+                unlink("/run/systemd/private");
+                m->private_bus = dbus_server_listen("unix:path=/run/systemd/private", &error);
+        } else {
+                const char *e;
+                char *p;
+
+                e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+                if (!e)
+                        return 0;
+
+                if (asprintf(&p, "unix:path=%s/systemd/private", e) < 0) {
+                        log_error("Not enough memory");
+                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                mkdir_parents(p+10, 0755);
+                unlink(p+10);
+                m->private_bus = dbus_server_listen(p, &error);
+                free(p);
+        }
+
+        if (!m->private_bus) {
+                log_error("Failed to create private D-Bus server: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                r = -EIO;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!dbus_server_set_auth_mechanisms(m->private_bus, (const char**) external_only) ||
+            !dbus_server_set_watch_functions(m->private_bus, bus_add_watch, bus_remove_watch, bus_toggle_watch, m, NULL) ||
+            !dbus_server_set_timeout_functions(m->private_bus, bus_add_timeout, bus_remove_timeout, bus_toggle_timeout, m, NULL)) {
+                log_error("Not enough memory");
+                r = -ENOMEM;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        dbus_server_set_new_connection_function(m->private_bus, bus_new_connection, m, NULL);
+
+        log_debug("Successfully created private D-Bus server.");
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        bus_done_private(m);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int bus_init(Manager *m, bool try_bus_connect) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (set_ensure_allocated(&m->bus_connections, trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func) < 0 ||
+            set_ensure_allocated(&m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func) < 0)
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (m->name_data_slot < 0)
+                if (!dbus_pending_call_allocate_data_slot(&m->name_data_slot))
+                        goto oom;
+
+        if (m->conn_data_slot < 0)
+                if (!dbus_pending_call_allocate_data_slot(&m->conn_data_slot))
+                        goto oom;
+
+        if (m->subscribed_data_slot < 0)
+                if (!dbus_connection_allocate_data_slot(&m->subscribed_data_slot))
+                        goto oom;
+
+        if (try_bus_connect) {
+                if ((r = bus_init_system(m)) < 0 ||
+                    (r = bus_init_api(m)) < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if ((r = bus_init_private(m)) < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+oom:
+        log_error("Not enough memory");
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void shutdown_connection(Manager *m, DBusConnection *c) {
+        Set *s;
+        Job *j;
+        Iterator i;
+
+        HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->jobs, i)
+                if (j->bus == c) {
+                        free(j->bus_client);
+                        j->bus_client = NULL;
+
+                        j->bus = NULL;
+                }
+
+        set_remove(m->bus_connections, c);
+        set_remove(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, c);
+
+        if ((s = BUS_CONNECTION_SUBSCRIBED(m, c))) {
+                char *t;
+
+                while ((t = set_steal_first(s)))
+                        free(t);
+
+                set_free(s);
+        }
+
+        if (m->queued_message_connection == c) {
+                m->queued_message_connection = NULL;
+
+                if (m->queued_message) {
+                        dbus_message_unref(m->queued_message);
+                        m->queued_message = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_set_dispatch_status_function(c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        /* system manager cannot afford to block on DBus */
+        if (m->running_as != MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                dbus_connection_flush(c);
+        dbus_connection_close(c);
+        dbus_connection_unref(c);
+}
+
+static void bus_done_api(Manager *m) {
+        if (!m->api_bus)
+                return;
+
+        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_USER)
+                shutdown_connection(m, m->api_bus);
+
+        m->api_bus = NULL;
+
+        if (m->queued_message) {
+                dbus_message_unref(m->queued_message);
+                m->queued_message = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+static void bus_done_system(Manager *m) {
+        if (!m->system_bus)
+                return;
+
+        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                bus_done_api(m);
+
+        shutdown_connection(m, m->system_bus);
+        m->system_bus = NULL;
+}
+
+static void bus_done_private(Manager *m) {
+        if (!m->private_bus)
+                return;
+
+        dbus_server_disconnect(m->private_bus);
+        dbus_server_unref(m->private_bus);
+        m->private_bus = NULL;
+}
+
+void bus_done(Manager *m) {
+        DBusConnection *c;
+
+        bus_done_api(m);
+        bus_done_system(m);
+        bus_done_private(m);
+
+        while ((c = set_steal_first(m->bus_connections)))
+                shutdown_connection(m, c);
+
+        while ((c = set_steal_first(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch)))
+                shutdown_connection(m, c);
+
+        set_free(m->bus_connections);
+        set_free(m->bus_connections_for_dispatch);
+
+        if (m->name_data_slot >= 0)
+               dbus_pending_call_free_data_slot(&m->name_data_slot);
+
+        if (m->conn_data_slot >= 0)
+               dbus_pending_call_free_data_slot(&m->conn_data_slot);
+
+        if (m->subscribed_data_slot >= 0)
+                dbus_connection_free_data_slot(&m->subscribed_data_slot);
+}
+
+static void query_pid_pending_cb(DBusPendingCall *pending, void *userdata) {
+        Manager *m = userdata;
+        DBusMessage *reply;
+        DBusError error;
+        const char *name;
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        assert_se(name = BUS_PENDING_CALL_NAME(m, pending));
+        assert_se(reply = dbus_pending_call_steal_reply(pending));
+
+        switch (dbus_message_get_type(reply)) {
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR:
+
+                assert_se(dbus_set_error_from_message(&error, reply));
+                log_warning("GetConnectionUnixProcessID() failed: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                break;
+
+        case DBUS_MESSAGE_TYPE_METHOD_RETURN: {
+                uint32_t r;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply,
+                                           &error,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &r,
+                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse GetConnectionUnixProcessID() reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                manager_dispatch_bus_query_pid_done(m, name, (pid_t) r);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Invalid reply message");
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+}
+
+int bus_query_pid(Manager *m, const char *name) {
+        DBusMessage *message = NULL;
+        DBusPendingCall *pending = NULL;
+        char *n = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (!(message = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                              DBUS_SERVICE_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_PATH_DBUS,
+                              DBUS_INTERFACE_DBUS,
+                              "GetConnectionUnixProcessID")))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!(dbus_message_append_args(
+                              message,
+                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
+                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_connection_send_with_reply(m->api_bus, message, &pending, -1))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!(n = strdup(name)))
+                goto oom;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_data(pending, m->name_data_slot, n, free))
+                goto oom;
+
+        n = NULL;
+
+        if (!dbus_pending_call_set_notify(pending, query_pid_pending_cb, m, NULL))
+                goto oom;
+
+        dbus_message_unref(message);
+        dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+
+        return 0;
+
+oom:
+        free(n);
+
+        if (pending) {
+                dbus_pending_call_cancel(pending);
+                dbus_pending_call_unref(pending);
+        }
+
+        if (message)
+                dbus_message_unref(message);
+
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+int bus_broadcast(Manager *m, DBusMessage *message) {
+        bool oom = false;
+        Iterator i;
+        DBusConnection *c;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(message);
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, i)
+                if (c != m->system_bus || m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                        oom = !dbus_connection_send(c, message, NULL);
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections, i)
+                if (c != m->system_bus || m->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                        oom = !dbus_connection_send(c, message, NULL);
+
+        return oom ? -ENOMEM : 0;
+}
+
+bool bus_has_subscriber(Manager *m) {
+        Iterator i;
+        DBusConnection *c;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, i)
+                if (bus_connection_has_subscriber(m, c))
+                        return true;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections, i)
+                if (bus_connection_has_subscriber(m, c))
+                        return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool bus_connection_has_subscriber(Manager *m, DBusConnection *c) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(c);
+
+        return !set_isempty(BUS_CONNECTION_SUBSCRIBED(m, c));
+}
+
+int bus_fdset_add_all(Manager *m, FDSet *fds) {
+        Iterator i;
+        DBusConnection *c;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(fds);
+
+        /* When we are about to reexecute we add all D-Bus fds to the
+         * set to pass over to the newly executed systemd. They won't
+         * be used there however, except that they are closed at the
+         * very end of deserialization, those making it possible for
+         * clients to synchronously wait for systemd to reexec by
+         * simply waiting for disconnection */
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections_for_dispatch, i) {
+                int fd;
+
+                if (dbus_connection_get_unix_fd(c, &fd)) {
+                        fd = fdset_put_dup(fds, fd);
+
+                        if (fd < 0)
+                                return fd;
+                }
+        }
+
+        SET_FOREACH(c, m->bus_connections, i) {
+                int fd;
+
+                if (dbus_connection_get_unix_fd(c, &fd)) {
+                        fd = fdset_put_dup(fds, fd);
+
+                        if (fd < 0)
+                                return fd;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void bus_broadcast_finished(
+                Manager *m,
+                usec_t kernel_usec,
+                usec_t initrd_usec,
+                usec_t userspace_usec,
+                usec_t total_usec) {
+
+        DBusMessage *message;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        message = dbus_message_new_signal("/org/freedesktop/systemd1", "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "StartupFinished");
+        if (!message) {
+                log_error("Out of memory.");
+                return;
+        }
+
+        assert_cc(sizeof(usec_t) == sizeof(uint64_t));
+        if (!dbus_message_append_args(message,
+                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &kernel_usec,
+                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &initrd_usec,
+                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &userspace_usec,
+                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &total_usec,
+                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
+                log_error("Out of memory.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+
+        if (bus_broadcast(m, message) < 0) {
+                log_error("Out of memory.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+finish:
+        if (message)
+                dbus_message_unref(message);
+}