core: add a concept of "dynamic" user ids, that are allocated as long as a service is running

This adds a new boolean setting DynamicUser= to service files. If set, a new
user will be allocated dynamically when the unit is started, and released when
it is stopped. The user ID is allocated from the range 61184..65519. The user
will not be added to /etc/passwd (but an NSS module to be added later should
make it show up in getent passwd).

For now, care should be taken that the service writes no files to disk, since
this might result in files owned by UIDs that might get assigned dynamically to
a different service later on. Later patches will tighten sandboxing in order to
ensure that this cannot happen, except for a few selected directories.

A simple way to test this is:

        systemd-run -p DynamicUser=1 /bin/sleep 99999

1 files changed, 57 insertions, 18 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/execute.c b/src/core/execute.c
index 7c178b97c3..c186f2a705 100644
--- a/src/core/execute.c
+++ b/src/core/execute.c
@@ -1526,14 +1526,28 @@ static bool exec_needs_mount_namespace(
         return false;
 }
 
+static void append_socket_pair(int *array, unsigned *n, int pair[2]) {
+        assert(array);
+        assert(n);
+
+        if (!pair)
+                return;
+
+        if (pair[0] >= 0)
+                array[(*n)++] = pair[0];
+        if (pair[1] >= 0)
+                array[(*n)++] = pair[1];
+}
+
 static int close_remaining_fds(
                 const ExecParameters *params,
                 ExecRuntime *runtime,
+                DynamicCreds *dcreds,
                 int socket_fd,
                 int *fds, unsigned n_fds) {
 
         unsigned n_dont_close = 0;
-        int dont_close[n_fds + 7];
+        int dont_close[n_fds + 11];
 
         assert(params);
 
@@ -1551,11 +1565,14 @@ static int close_remaining_fds(
                 n_dont_close += n_fds;
         }
 
-        if (runtime) {
-                if (runtime->netns_storage_socket[0] >= 0)
-                        dont_close[n_dont_close++] = runtime->netns_storage_socket[0];
-                if (runtime->netns_storage_socket[1] >= 0)
-                        dont_close[n_dont_close++] = runtime->netns_storage_socket[1];
+        if (runtime)
+                append_socket_pair(dont_close, &n_dont_close, runtime->netns_storage_socket);
+
+        if (dcreds) {
+                if (dcreds->user)
+                        append_socket_pair(dont_close, &n_dont_close, dcreds->user->storage_socket);
+                if (dcreds->group)
+                        append_socket_pair(dont_close, &n_dont_close, dcreds->group->storage_socket);
         }
 
         return close_all_fds(dont_close, n_dont_close);
@@ -1567,6 +1584,7 @@ static int exec_child(
                 const ExecContext *context,
                 const ExecParameters *params,
                 ExecRuntime *runtime,
+                DynamicCreds *dcreds,
                 char **argv,
                 int socket_fd,
                 int *fds, unsigned n_fds,
@@ -1617,7 +1635,7 @@ static int exec_child(
 
         log_forget_fds();
 
-        r = close_remaining_fds(params, runtime, socket_fd, fds, n_fds);
+        r = close_remaining_fds(params, runtime, dcreds, socket_fd, fds, n_fds);
         if (r < 0) {
                 *exit_status = EXIT_FDS;
                 return r;
@@ -1650,25 +1668,42 @@ static int exec_child(
                 }
         }
 
-        if (context->user) {
-                username = context->user;
-                r = get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home, &shell);
+        if (context->dynamic_user && dcreds) {
+
+                r = dynamic_creds_realize(dcreds, &uid, &gid);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         *exit_status = EXIT_USER;
                         return r;
                 }
-        }
 
-        if (context->group) {
-                const char *g = context->group;
+                if (uid == UID_INVALID || gid == GID_INVALID) {
+                        *exit_status = EXIT_USER;
+                        return -ESRCH;
+                }
 
-                r = get_group_creds(&g, &gid);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        *exit_status = EXIT_GROUP;
-                        return r;
+                if (dcreds->user)
+                        username = dcreds->user->name;
+
+        } else {
+                if (context->user) {
+                        username = context->user;
+                        r = get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home, &shell);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                *exit_status = EXIT_USER;
+                                return r;
+                        }
                 }
-        }
 
+                if (context->group) {
+                        const char *g = context->group;
+
+                        r = get_group_creds(&g, &gid);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                *exit_status = EXIT_GROUP;
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
 
         /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we
          * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */
@@ -2192,6 +2227,7 @@ int exec_spawn(Unit *unit,
                const ExecContext *context,
                const ExecParameters *params,
                ExecRuntime *runtime,
+               DynamicCreds *dcreds,
                pid_t *ret) {
 
         _cleanup_strv_free_ char **files_env = NULL;
@@ -2250,6 +2286,7 @@ int exec_spawn(Unit *unit,
                                context,
                                params,
                                runtime,
+                               dcreds,
                                argv,
                                socket_fd,
                                fds, n_fds,
@@ -2723,6 +2760,8 @@ void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
         if (c->group)
                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group);
 
+        fprintf(f, "%sDynamicUser: %s\n", prefix, yes_no(c->dynamic_user));
+
         if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
                 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);