rename machine-id-main.c tomacht the binary and move main.c to core/

1 files changed, 1686 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c2be261f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/core/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1686 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <dbus/dbus.h>
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+#include "manager.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "mount-setup.h"
+#include "hostname-setup.h"
+#include "loopback-setup.h"
+#include "kmod-setup.h"
+#include "locale-setup.h"
+#include "selinux-setup.h"
+#include "ima-setup.h"
+#include "machine-id-util.h"
+#include "load-fragment.h"
+#include "fdset.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "bus-errors.h"
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "label.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+#include "watchdog.h"
+
+static enum {
+        ACTION_RUN,
+        ACTION_HELP,
+        ACTION_TEST,
+        ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+        ACTION_DONE
+} arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
+
+static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
+static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
+
+static bool arg_dump_core = true;
+static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
+static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
+static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
+static bool arg_show_status = true;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+static bool arg_sysv_console = true;
+#endif
+static bool arg_mount_auto = true;
+static bool arg_swap_auto = true;
+static char **arg_default_controllers = NULL;
+static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
+static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
+static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+
+static FILE* serialization = NULL;
+
+static void nop_handler(int sig) {
+}
+
+_noreturn_ static void crash(int sig) {
+
+        if (!arg_dump_core)
+                log_error("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
+        else {
+                struct sigaction sa;
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
+                zero(sa);
+                sa.sa_handler = nop_handler;
+                sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART;
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
+
+                if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
+                        log_error("Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(errno));
+
+                else if (pid == 0) {
+                        struct rlimit rl;
+
+                        /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
+                        zero(sa);
+                        sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+                        assert_se(sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) == 0);
+
+                        /* Don't limit the core dump size */
+                        zero(rl);
+                        rl.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                        rl.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
+                        setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &rl);
+
+                        /* Just to be sure... */
+                        assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
+
+                        /* Raise the signal again */
+                        raise(sig);
+
+                        assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
+                        _exit(1);
+
+                } else {
+                        siginfo_t status;
+                        int r;
+
+                        /* Order things nicely. */
+                        if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0)
+                                log_error("Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %s", signal_to_string(sig), strerror(-r));
+                        else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
+                                log_error("Caught <%s>, core dump failed.", signal_to_string(sig));
+                        else
+                                log_error("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid %lu.", signal_to_string(sig), (unsigned long) pid);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_crash_chvt)
+                chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
+
+        if (arg_crash_shell) {
+                struct sigaction sa;
+                pid_t pid;
+
+                log_info("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
+                sleep(10);
+
+                /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
+                zero(sa);
+                sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+                sa.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART;
+                assert_se(sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) == 0);
+
+                if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
+                        log_error("Failed to fork off crash shell: %s", strerror(errno));
+                else if (pid == 0) {
+                        int fd, r;
+
+                        if ((fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true)) < 0)
+                                log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
+                        else if ((r = make_stdio(fd)) < 0)
+                                log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+                        execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL);
+
+                        log_error("execl() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+                        _exit(1);
+                }
+
+                log_info("Successfully spawned crash shell as pid %lu.", (unsigned long) pid);
+        }
+
+        log_info("Freezing execution.");
+        freeze();
+}
+
+static void install_crash_handler(void) {
+        struct sigaction sa;
+
+        zero(sa);
+
+        sa.sa_handler = crash;
+        sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
+
+        sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
+}
+
+static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
+        int tty_fd, r;
+
+        /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
+         * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
+
+        release_terminal();
+
+        if (!do_reset)
+                return 0;
+
+        tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (tty_fd < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
+                return -tty_fd;
+        }
+
+        /* We don't want to force text mode.
+         * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
+        r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+        close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
+        char *c;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (!(c = strdup(u)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        free(arg_default_unit);
+        arg_default_unit = c;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
+
+        static const char * const rlmap[] = {
+                "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+                "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+                "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+                "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+                "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+                "S",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+                "1",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
+                "2",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
+                "3",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
+                "4",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
+                "5",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
+        };
+
+        assert(word);
+
+        if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit="))
+                return set_default_unit(word + 13);
+
+        else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
+
+                if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
+
+                if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
+
+                if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
+
+                if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
+                else
+                        arg_dump_core = r;
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
+                else
+                        arg_crash_shell = r;
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
+                else
+                        arg_confirm_spawn = r;
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
+                int k;
+
+                if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
+                else
+                        arg_crash_chvt = k;
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
+                else
+                        arg_show_status = r;
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
+                else
+                        arg_default_std_output = r;
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
+                else
+                        arg_default_std_error = r;
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
+                char *cenv, *eq;
+                int r;
+
+                cenv = strdup(word + 15);
+                if (!cenv)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                eq = strchr(cenv, '=');
+                if (!eq) {
+                        r = unsetenv(cenv);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("unsetenv failed %s. Ignoring.", strerror(errno));
+                } else {
+                        *eq = 0;
+                        r = setenv(cenv, eq + 1, 1);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("setenv failed %s. Ignoring.", strerror(errno));
+                }
+                free(cenv);
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.sysv_console=")) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 21)) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse SysV console switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
+                else
+                        arg_sysv_console = r;
+#endif
+
+        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.")) {
+
+                log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
+
+                log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
+                         "systemd.unit=UNIT                        Default unit to start\n"
+                         "systemd.dump_core=0|1                    Dump core on crash\n"
+                         "systemd.crash_shell=0|1                  Run shell on crash\n"
+                         "systemd.crash_chvt=N                     Change to VT #N on crash\n"
+                         "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1                Confirm every process spawn\n"
+                         "systemd.show_status=0|1                  Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                         "systemd.sysv_console=0|1                 Connect output of SysV scripts to console\n"
+#endif
+                         "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
+                         "                                         Log target\n"
+                         "systemd.log_level=LEVEL                  Log level\n"
+                         "systemd.log_color=0|1                    Highlight important log messages\n"
+                         "systemd.log_location=0|1                 Include code location in log messages\n"
+                         "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
+                         "                                         Set default log output for services\n"
+                         "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
+                         "                                         Set default log error output for services\n");
+
+        } else if (streq(word, "quiet")) {
+                arg_show_status = false;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                arg_sysv_console = false;
+#endif
+        } else {
+                unsigned i;
+
+                /* SysV compatibility */
+                for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
+                        if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
+                                return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_level2(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        log_set_max_level_from_string(rvalue);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_target(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        log_set_target_from_string(rvalue);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_color(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        log_show_color_from_string(rvalue);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_location(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        log_show_location_from_string(rvalue);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        char *w;
+        size_t l;
+        char *state;
+        cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
+        unsigned ncpus = 0;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
+                char *t;
+                int r;
+                unsigned cpu;
+
+                if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
+                free(t);
+
+                if (!c)
+                        if (!(c = cpu_set_malloc(&ncpus)))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (r < 0 || cpu >= ncpus) {
+                        log_error("[%s:%u] Failed to parse CPU affinity: %s", filename, line, rvalue);
+                        CPU_FREE(c);
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+                }
+
+                CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
+        }
+
+        if (c) {
+                if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
+
+                CPU_FREE(c);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
+        char ***i;
+
+        if (!l)
+                return;
+
+        for (i = l; *i; i++)
+                strv_free(*i);
+
+        free(l);
+}
+
+static void free_join_controllers(void) {
+        if (!arg_join_controllers)
+                return;
+
+        strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+        arg_join_controllers = NULL;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_join_controllers(
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        char *state, *w;
+        size_t length;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        free_join_controllers();
+
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
+                char *s, **l;
+
+                s = strndup(w, length);
+                if (!s)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                l = strv_split(s, ",");
+                free(s);
+
+                strv_uniq(l);
+
+                if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
+                        strv_free(l);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_join_controllers) {
+                        arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
+                        if (!arg_join_controllers) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
+                        arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
+
+                        n = 1;
+                } else {
+                        char ***a;
+                        char ***t;
+
+                        t = new0(char**, n+2);
+                        if (!t) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+                        }
+
+                        n = 0;
+
+                        for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
+
+                                if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
+                                        char **c;
+
+                                        c = strv_merge(*a, l);
+                                        if (!c) {
+                                                strv_free(l);
+                                                strv_free_free(t);
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                        }
+
+                                        strv_free(l);
+                                        l = c;
+                                } else {
+                                        char **c;
+
+                                        c = strv_copy(*a);
+                                        if (!c) {
+                                                strv_free(l);
+                                                strv_free_free(t);
+                                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                        }
+
+                                        t[n++] = c;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
+
+                        strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+                        arg_join_controllers = t;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_config_file(void) {
+
+        const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
+                { "Manager", "LogLevel",              config_parse_level2,       0, NULL                     },
+                { "Manager", "LogTarget",             config_parse_target,       0, NULL                     },
+                { "Manager", "LogColor",              config_parse_color,        0, NULL                     },
+                { "Manager", "LogLocation",           config_parse_location,     0, NULL                     },
+                { "Manager", "DumpCore",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_dump_core           },
+                { "Manager", "CrashShell",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_crash_shell         },
+                { "Manager", "ShowStatus",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_show_status         },
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                { "Manager", "SysVConsole",           config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_sysv_console        },
+#endif
+                { "Manager", "CrashChVT",             config_parse_int,          0, &arg_crash_chvt          },
+                { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",           config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL                    },
+                { "Manager", "MountAuto",             config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_mount_auto          },
+                { "Manager", "SwapAuto",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_swap_auto           },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultControllers",    config_parse_strv,         0, &arg_default_controllers },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_output  },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",  config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_error   },
+                { "Manager", "JoinControllers",       config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
+                { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",    config_parse_usec,         0, &arg_runtime_watchdog    },
+                { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",   config_parse_usec,         0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog   },
+                { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
+        };
+
+        FILE *f;
+        const char *fn;
+        int r;
+
+        fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? SYSTEM_CONFIG_FILE : USER_CONFIG_FILE;
+        f = fopen(fn, "re");
+        if (!f) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        r = config_parse(fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+        fclose(f);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
+        char *line, *w, *state;
+        int r;
+        size_t l;
+
+        /* Don't read /proc/cmdline if we are in a container, since
+         * that is only relevant for the host system */
+        if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if ((r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line)) < 0) {
+                log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
+                char *word;
+
+                if (!(word = strndup(w, l))) {
+                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
+                free(word);
+
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        free(line);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
+                ARG_LOG_TARGET,
+                ARG_LOG_COLOR,
+                ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
+                ARG_UNIT,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_TEST,
+                ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+                ARG_DUMP_CORE,
+                ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
+                ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
+                ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
+                ARG_SYSV_CONSOLE,
+                ARG_DESERIALIZE,
+                ARG_INTROSPECT,
+                ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
+                ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "log-level",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL                },
+                { "log-target",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET               },
+                { "log-color",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR                },
+                { "log-location",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION             },
+                { "unit",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT                     },
+                { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
+                { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
+                { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
+                { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
+                { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
+                { "dump-core",                no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE                },
+                { "crash-shell",              no_argument,       NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL              },
+                { "confirm-spawn",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN            },
+                { "show-status",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS              },
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                { "sysv-console",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSV_CONSOLE             },
+#endif
+                { "deserialize",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE              },
+                { "introspect",               optional_argument, NULL, ARG_INTROSPECT               },
+                { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
+                { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
+                { NULL,                       0,                 NULL, 0                            }
+        };
+
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 1);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        if (getpid() == 1)
+                opterr = 0;
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
+                        if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
+
+                        if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                log_show_color(true);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                log_show_location(true);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
+
+                        if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_default_std_output = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
+
+                        if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_default_std_error = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_UNIT:
+
+                        if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_TEST:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
+                        arg_dump_core = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
+                        arg_crash_shell = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
+                        arg_confirm_spawn = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                if ((r = parse_boolean(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to show status boolean %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                                arg_show_status = r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_show_status = true;
+                        break;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                case ARG_SYSV_CONSOLE:
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                if ((r = parse_boolean(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to SysV console boolean %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                                arg_sysv_console = r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_sysv_console = true;
+                        break;
+#endif
+
+                case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
+                        int fd;
+                        FILE *f;
+
+                        if ((r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd)) < 0 || fd < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!(f = fdopen(fd, "r"))) {
+                                log_error("Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        if (serialization)
+                                fclose(serialization);
+
+                        serialization = f;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case ARG_INTROSPECT: {
+                        const char * const * i = NULL;
+
+                        for (i = bus_interface_table; *i; i += 2)
+                                if (!optarg || streq(i[0], optarg)) {
+                                        fputs(DBUS_INTROSPECT_1_0_XML_DOCTYPE_DECL_NODE
+                                              "<node>\n", stdout);
+                                        fputs(i[1], stdout);
+                                        fputs("</node>\n", stdout);
+
+                                        if (optarg)
+                                                break;
+                                }
+
+                        if (!i[0] && optarg)
+                                log_error("Unknown interface %s.", optarg);
+
+                        arg_action = ACTION_DONE;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case 'h':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'D':
+                        log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+                        break;
+
+                case 'b':
+                case 's':
+                case 'z':
+                        /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
+                         * cmdline args without getopt() error
+                         * messages that we'll parse in
+                         * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
+
+                case '?':
+                default:
+                        if (getpid() != 1) {
+                                log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
+                /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
+                 * let's complain about excess arguments */
+
+                log_error("Excess arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
+                char **a;
+
+                /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
+                 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
+                 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
+                 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
+                 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
+                 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
+                 * instead. */
+
+                for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++)
+                        if ((r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a)) < 0)
+                                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
+               "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
+               "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
+               "     --introspect[=INTERFACE]    Extract D-Bus interface data\n"
+               "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
+               "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
+               "     --user                      Run a user instance\n"
+               "     --dump-core                 Dump core on crash\n"
+               "     --crash-shell               Run shell on crash\n"
+               "     --confirm-spawn             Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
+               "     --show-status[=0|1]         Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+               "     --sysv-console[=0|1]        Connect output of SysV scripts to console\n"
+#endif
+               "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
+               "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
+               "     --log-color[=0|1]           Highlight important log messages\n"
+               "     --log-location[=0|1]        Include code location in log messages\n"
+               "     --default-standard-output=  Set default standard output for services\n"
+               "     --default-standard-error=   Set default standard error output for services\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds) {
+        FILE *f = NULL;
+        FDSet *fds = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(_f);
+        assert(_fds);
+
+        /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
+        m->n_reloading ++;
+
+        if ((r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f)) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to create serialization file: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (!(fds = fdset_new())) {
+                r = -ENOMEM;
+                log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if ((r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds)) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to serialize state: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if ((r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false)) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if ((r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false)) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        *_f = f;
+        *_fds = fds;
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        fdset_free(fds);
+
+        if (f)
+                fclose(f);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static struct dual_timestamp* parse_initrd_timestamp(struct dual_timestamp *t) {
+        const char *e;
+        unsigned long long a, b;
+
+        assert(t);
+
+        e = getenv("RD_TIMESTAMP");
+        if (!e)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (sscanf(e, "%llu %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
+                return NULL;
+
+        t->realtime = (usec_t) a;
+        t->monotonic = (usec_t) b;
+
+        return t;
+}
+
+static void test_mtab(void) {
+        char *p;
+
+        /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
+
+        if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
+                bool b;
+
+                b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
+                free(p);
+
+                if (b)
+                        return;
+        }
+
+        log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
+                    "This is not supported anymore. "
+                    "Please make sure to replace this file by a symlink to avoid incorrect or misleading mount(8) output.");
+}
+
+static void test_usr(void) {
+
+        /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
+
+        if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesytem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
+                    "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
+                    "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
+}
+
+static void test_cgroups(void) {
+
+        if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
+                return;
+
+        log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
+                    "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
+                    "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
+                    "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
+                    "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
+                    "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
+
+        sleep(10);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        Manager *m = NULL;
+        int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+        usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
+        char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        FDSet *fds = NULL;
+        bool reexecute = false;
+        const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
+        dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
+        static char systemd[] = "systemd";
+        bool is_reexec = false;
+        int j;
+        bool loaded_policy = false;
+        bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
+                /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
+                 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
+
+                errno = -ENOENT;
+                execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
+                log_error("Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
+                return 1;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
+         * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
+         * have a quick peek here. */
+
+        for (j = 1; j < argc; j++)
+                if (streq(argv[j], "--deserialize")) {
+                        is_reexec = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+        /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
+           called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
+           called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
+           systemd right-away. */
+        program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
+        prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
+
+        saved_argv = argv;
+        saved_argc = argc;
+
+        log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
+        log_show_location(false);
+        log_set_max_level(LOG_INFO);
+
+        if (getpid() == 1) {
+                arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
+                log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE : LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
+
+                if (!is_reexec) {
+                        if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
+                                goto finish;
+                        if (ima_setup() < 0)
+                                goto finish;
+                }
+
+                log_open();
+
+                if (label_init() < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                if (!is_reexec)
+                        if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
+                                int min;
+
+                                r = hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(&min);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                else
+                                        log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
+                        }
+
+        } else {
+                arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+                log_open();
+        }
+
+        /* Initialize default unit */
+        if (set_default_unit(SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET) < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* By default, mount "cpu" and "cpuacct" together */
+        arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
+        if (!arg_join_controllers)
+                goto finish;
+
+        arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
+        arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
+
+        if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
+                goto finish;
+
+        /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
+         * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
+        if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
+                r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Reset all signal handlers. */
+        assert_se(reset_all_signal_handlers() == 0);
+
+        /* If we are init, we can block sigkill. Yay. */
+        ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
+
+        if (parse_config_file() < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+        log_parse_environment();
+
+        if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST && geteuid() == 0) {
+                log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
+            arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+            running_in_chroot() > 0) {
+                log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
+                retval = help();
+                goto finish;
+        } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
+                unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
+                retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                goto finish;
+        } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
+                retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
+
+        /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
+        log_close();
+
+        /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
+        if (serialization) {
+                r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to allocate fd set: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
+        } else
+                close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
+
+        /* Set up PATH unless it is already set */
+        setenv("PATH",
+#ifdef HAVE_SPLIT_USR
+               "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+#else
+               "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin",
+#endif
+               arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM);
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                /* Parse the data passed to us. We leave this
+                 * variables set, but the manager later on will not
+                 * pass them on to our children. */
+                parse_initrd_timestamp(&initrd_timestamp);
+
+                /* Unset some environment variables passed in from the
+                 * kernel that don't really make sense for us. */
+                unsetenv("HOME");
+                unsetenv("TERM");
+
+                /* When we are invoked by a shell, these might be set,
+                 * but make little sense to pass on */
+                unsetenv("PWD");
+                unsetenv("SHLVL");
+                unsetenv("_");
+
+                /* All other variables are left as is, so that clients
+                 * can still read them via /proc/1/environ */
+        }
+
+        /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
+        assert_se(chdir("/")  == 0);
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
+                setsid();
+
+                /* Disable the umask logic */
+                umask(0);
+        }
+
+        /* Make sure D-Bus doesn't fiddle with the SIGPIPE handlers */
+        dbus_connection_set_change_sigpipe(FALSE);
+
+        /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
+         * are freshly booted */
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
+                console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !is_reexec);
+                make_null_stdio();
+        }
+
+        /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
+        log_open();
+
+        /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
+         * kernel. */
+        if (getpid() == 1)
+                install_crash_handler();
+
+        if (geteuid() == 0 && !getenv("SYSTEMD_SKIP_API_MOUNTS")) {
+                r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        log_full(arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
+                 PACKAGE_STRING " running in %s mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES "; " DISTRIBUTION ")", manager_running_as_to_string(arg_running_as));
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !is_reexec) {
+                locale_setup();
+
+                if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
+                        status_welcome();
+
+                kmod_setup();
+                hostname_setup();
+                machine_id_setup();
+                loopback_setup();
+
+                test_mtab();
+                test_usr();
+                test_cgroups();
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
+                watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
+
+        r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        m->sysv_console = arg_sysv_console;
+#endif
+        m->mount_auto = arg_mount_auto;
+        m->swap_auto = arg_swap_auto;
+        m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
+        m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
+        m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
+        m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
+
+        if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&initrd_timestamp))
+                m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
+
+        if (arg_default_controllers)
+                manager_set_default_controllers(m, arg_default_controllers);
+
+        manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
+
+        before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+        r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+        if (fds) {
+                /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
+                 * not claimed by any unit. */
+
+                fdset_free(fds);
+                fds = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (serialization) {
+                fclose(serialization);
+                serialization = NULL;
+        } else {
+                DBusError error;
+                Unit *target = NULL;
+                Job *default_unit_job;
+
+                dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+                log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
+
+                r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
+                        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
+                        log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
+                else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
+                        log_error("Default target masked.");
+
+                if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
+                        log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
+
+                        r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
+                                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR) {
+                                log_error("Failed to load rescue target: %s", strerror(-target->load_error));
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
+                                log_error("Rescue target masked.");
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
+
+                if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
+                        printf("-> By units:\n");
+                        manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
+                }
+
+                r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, false, &error, &default_unit_job);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error(&error, r));
+                        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+                m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
+
+                after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
+                          format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup));
+
+                if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
+                        printf("-> By jobs:\n");
+                        manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
+                        retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = manager_loop(m);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to run mainloop: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                switch (m->exit_code) {
+
+                case MANAGER_EXIT:
+                        retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                        log_debug("Exit.");
+                        goto finish;
+
+                case MANAGER_RELOAD:
+                        log_info("Reloading.");
+                        r = manager_reload(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error("Failed to reload: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        break;
+
+                case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
+                        if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds) < 0)
+                                goto finish;
+
+                        reexecute = true;
+                        log_notice("Reexecuting.");
+                        goto finish;
+
+                case MANAGER_REBOOT:
+                case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
+                case MANAGER_HALT:
+                case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
+                        static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
+                                [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
+                                [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
+                                [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
+                                [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
+                        };
+
+                        assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
+                        arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
+
+                        log_notice("Shutting down.");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
+                }
+        }
+
+finish:
+        if (m)
+                manager_free(m);
+
+        free(arg_default_unit);
+        strv_free(arg_default_controllers);
+        free_join_controllers();
+
+        dbus_shutdown();
+
+        label_finish();
+
+        if (reexecute) {
+                const char *args[15];
+                unsigned i = 0;
+                char sfd[16];
+
+                assert(serialization);
+                assert(fds);
+
+                args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
+
+                args[i++] = "--log-level";
+                args[i++] = log_level_to_string(log_get_max_level());
+
+                args[i++] = "--log-target";
+                args[i++] = log_target_to_string(log_get_target());
+
+                if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                        args[i++] = "--system";
+                else
+                        args[i++] = "--user";
+
+                if (arg_dump_core)
+                        args[i++] = "--dump-core";
+
+                if (arg_crash_shell)
+                        args[i++] = "--crash-shell";
+
+                if (arg_confirm_spawn)
+                        args[i++] = "--confirm-spawn";
+
+                if (arg_show_status)
+                        args[i++] = "--show-status=1";
+                else
+                        args[i++] = "--show-status=0";
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+                if (arg_sysv_console)
+                        args[i++] = "--sysv-console=1";
+                else
+                        args[i++] = "--sysv-console=0";
+#endif
+
+                snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
+                char_array_0(sfd);
+
+                args[i++] = "--deserialize";
+                args[i++] = sfd;
+
+                args[i++] = NULL;
+
+                assert(i <= ELEMENTSOF(args));
+
+                /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
+                 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
+                 * rebooted while we do that */
+                watchdog_close(true);
+
+                execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+
+                log_error("Failed to reexecute: %m");
+        }
+
+        if (serialization)
+                fclose(serialization);
+
+        if (fds)
+                fdset_free(fds);
+
+        if (shutdown_verb) {
+                const char * command_line[] = {
+                        SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
+                        shutdown_verb,
+                        NULL
+                };
+                char **env_block;
+
+                if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
+                        char e[32];
+
+                        /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
+                         * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
+                         * repeatedly ping it */
+                        watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
+                        watchdog_close(false);
+
+                        /* Tell the binary how often to ping */
+                        snprintf(e, sizeof(e), "WATCHDOG_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) arg_shutdown_watchdog);
+                        char_array_0(e);
+
+                        env_block = strv_append(environ, e);
+                } else {
+                        env_block = strv_copy(environ);
+                        watchdog_close(true);
+                }
+
+                execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
+                free(env_block);
+                log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");
+        }
+
+        if (getpid() == 1)
+                freeze();
+
+        return retval;
+}