build-sys: move source files to subdirectory

1 files changed, 1619 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/execute.c b/src/execute.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..12f514504c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/execute.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1619 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+#include "execute.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "ioprio.h"
+#include "securebits.h"
+#include "cgroup.h"
+#include "namespace.h"
+
+/* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
+#define TTY_MODE 0620
+
+static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
+        int start, restart_from;
+
+        if (n_fds <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
+
+        assert(fds);
+
+        start = 0;
+        for (;;) {
+                int i;
+
+                restart_from = -1;
+
+                for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
+                        int nfd;
+
+                        /* Already at right index? */
+                        if (fds[i] == i+3)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
+                        fds[i] = nfd;
+
+                        /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
+                         * let's remember that and try again from here*/
+                        if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
+                                restart_from = i;
+                }
+
+                if (restart_from < 0)
+                        break;
+
+                start = restart_from;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
+        unsigned i;
+        int r;
+
+        if (n_fds <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        assert(fds);
+
+        /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
+
+                if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
+                 * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
+                 * children */
+
+                if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
+        assert(context);
+
+        if (context->tty_path)
+                return context->tty_path;
+
+        return "/dev/console";
+}
+
+static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
+        int fd, r;
+
+        assert(nfd >= 0);
+
+        if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (fd != nfd) {
+                r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+        } else
+                r = nfd;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
+        int fd, r;
+        union {
+                struct sockaddr sa;
+                struct sockaddr_un un;
+        } sa;
+
+        assert(context);
+        assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
+        assert(ident);
+        assert(nfd >= 0);
+
+        if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        zero(sa);
+        sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
+        strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
+
+        if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
+         * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
+         * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
+         * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
+         * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
+         * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
+         * flushing issues. */
+
+        dprintf(fd,
+                "%s\n"
+                "%i\n"
+                "%s\n"
+                "%i\n",
+                output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
+                context->syslog_priority,
+                context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident,
+                !context->syslog_no_prefix);
+
+        if (fd != nfd) {
+                r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+        } else
+                r = nfd;
+
+        return r;
+}
+static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
+        int fd, r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(nfd >= 0);
+
+        if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
+                return fd;
+
+        if (fd != nfd) {
+                r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+        } else
+                r = nfd;
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
+        return
+                i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
+                i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
+                i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
+}
+
+static int fixup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
+        assert(context);
+
+        if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
+                return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
+
+        return context->std_input;
+}
+
+static int fixup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
+        assert(context);
+
+        if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
+                return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
+
+        return context->std_output;
+}
+
+static int fixup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
+        assert(context);
+
+        if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
+                return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
+
+        return context->std_error;
+}
+
+static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
+        ExecInput i;
+
+        assert(context);
+
+        i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
+
+        switch (i) {
+
+        case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
+                return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
+        case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
+        case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
+                int fd, r;
+
+                if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
+                                     tty_path(context),
+                                     i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
+                                     i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0)
+                        return fd;
+
+                if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
+                        r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
+                        close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+                } else
+                        r = STDIN_FILENO;
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
+                return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
+        }
+}
+
+static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
+        ExecOutput o;
+        ExecInput i;
+
+        assert(context);
+        assert(ident);
+
+        i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
+        o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
+
+        /* This expects the input is already set up */
+
+        switch (o) {
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
+
+                /* If the input is connected to a terminal, inherit that... */
+                if (is_terminal_input(i) || i == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
+                        return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
+
+                return STDIN_FILENO;
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
+                return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
+                if (is_terminal_input(i))
+                        return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
+
+                /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
+                return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
+                return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
+                assert(socket_fd >= 0);
+                return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
+        }
+}
+
+static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
+        ExecOutput o, e;
+        ExecInput i;
+
+        assert(context);
+        assert(ident);
+
+        i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
+        o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
+        e = fixup_error(context, socket_fd);
+
+        /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
+
+        /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
+         * the way and are not on a tty */
+        if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
+            o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
+            !is_terminal_input(i))
+                return STDERR_FILENO;
+
+        /* Duplicate form stdout if possible */
+        if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
+                return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
+
+        switch (e) {
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
+                return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
+                if (is_terminal_input(i))
+                        return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
+
+                /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
+                return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
+                return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
+
+        case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
+                assert(socket_fd >= 0);
+                return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
+        }
+}
+
+static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
+        (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
+        (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
+                               int *_saved_stdin,
+                               int *_saved_stdout) {
+        int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
+
+        assert(context);
+        assert(_saved_stdin);
+        assert(_saved_stdout);
+
+        /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
+         * negative errno style values! */
+
+        if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
+                return EXIT_STDIN;
+
+        if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
+                r = EXIT_STDOUT;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
+                             tty_path(context),
+                             context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
+                             context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0) {
+                r = EXIT_STDIN;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
+                r = EXIT_STDIN;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
+                r = EXIT_STDIN;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
+                r = EXIT_STDOUT;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
+        if (fd >= 2)
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+
+        *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
+        *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
+
+        return 0;
+
+fail:
+        if (saved_stdout >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
+
+        if (saved_stdin >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
+
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
+                                 int *saved_stdin,
+                                 int *saved_stdout,
+                                 bool *keep_stdin,
+                                 bool *keep_stdout) {
+
+        assert(context);
+        assert(saved_stdin);
+        assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
+        assert(saved_stdout);
+        assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
+
+        /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
+         * negative errno style values! */
+
+        if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
+
+                /* The service wants terminal input. */
+
+                *keep_stdin = true;
+                *keep_stdout =
+                        context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
+                        context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
+
+        } else {
+                /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
+                 * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
+                 * already. */
+
+                if (release_terminal() < 0)
+                        return EXIT_STDIN;
+
+                if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
+                        return EXIT_STDIN;
+
+                if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
+                        return EXIT_STDOUT;
+
+                *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
+        struct group *g;
+        unsigned long lu;
+
+        assert(groupname);
+        assert(gid);
+
+        /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
+         * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+        if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
+                *gid = 0;
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
+                errno = 0;
+                g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
+        } else {
+                errno = 0;
+                g = getgrnam(groupname);
+        }
+
+        if (!g)
+                return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+        *gid = g->gr_gid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
+        struct passwd *p;
+        unsigned long lu;
+
+        assert(username);
+        assert(*username);
+        assert(uid);
+        assert(gid);
+        assert(home);
+
+        /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
+         * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+        if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
+                *username = "root";
+                *uid = 0;
+                *gid = 0;
+                *home = "/root";
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
+
+                /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
+                 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
+                 * of the first occurence in the database. However if
+                 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
+                 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
+                if (*username && p)
+                        *username = p->pw_name;
+        } else {
+                errno = 0;
+                p = getpwnam(*username);
+        }
+
+        if (!p)
+                return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+        *uid = p->pw_uid;
+        *gid = p->pw_gid;
+        *home = p->pw_dir;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
+        bool keep_groups = false;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(context);
+
+        /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
+         * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
+
+        if (context->group || username) {
+
+                if (context->group)
+                        if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
+                if (username && gid != 0) {
+                        if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
+                                return -errno;
+
+                        keep_groups = true;
+                }
+
+                /* Second step, set our gids */
+                if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
+                        return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (context->supplementary_groups) {
+                int ngroups_max, k;
+                gid_t *gids;
+                char **i;
+
+                /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
+                ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
+
+                if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (keep_groups) {
+                        if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
+                                free(gids);
+                                return -errno;
+                        }
+                } else
+                        k = 0;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
+
+                        if (k >= ngroups_max) {
+                                free(gids);
+                                return -E2BIG;
+                        }
+
+                        if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
+                                free(gids);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        k++;
+                }
+
+                if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
+                        free(gids);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                free(gids);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
+        int r;
+        assert(context);
+
+        /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
+         * capabilities while doing so. */
+
+        if (context->capabilities) {
+                cap_t d;
+                static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
+                        CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
+                        CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
+                };
+
+                /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
+                 * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
+                 * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
+                if (uid != 0) {
+                        int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
+
+                        if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
+                                if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
+                                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
+                 * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
+
+                if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
+                        return -errno;
+
+                if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
+                    cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        cap_free(d);
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
+                        r = -errno;
+                        cap_free(d);
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                cap_free(d);
+        }
+
+        /* Third step: actually set the uids */
+        if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
+           are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
+           corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
+           later. This is done outside of this call. */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
+               char **argv,
+               const ExecContext *context,
+               int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
+               char **environment,
+               bool apply_permissions,
+               bool apply_chroot,
+               bool confirm_spawn,
+               CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
+               pid_t *ret) {
+
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+        char *line;
+        int socket_fd;
+
+        assert(command);
+        assert(context);
+        assert(ret);
+        assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
+
+        if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
+            context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
+            context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
+
+                if (n_fds != 1)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                socket_fd = fds[0];
+
+                fds = NULL;
+                n_fds = 0;
+        } else
+                socket_fd = -1;
+
+        if (!argv)
+                argv = command->argv;
+
+        if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv)))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
+        free(line);
+
+        if (cgroup_bondings)
+                if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
+                        return r;
+
+        if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        if (pid == 0) {
+                int i;
+                sigset_t ss;
+                const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
+                uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
+                gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
+                char **our_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL;
+                unsigned n_env = 0;
+                int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
+                bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
+
+                /* child */
+
+                reset_all_signal_handlers();
+
+                if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
+                    sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
+                        r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (!context->no_setsid)
+                        if (setsid() < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_SETSID;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (confirm_spawn) {
+                        char response;
+
+                        /* Set up terminal for the question */
+                        if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
+                                                     &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
+                                goto fail;
+
+                        /* Now ask the question. */
+                        if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
+                                r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
+                        free(line);
+
+                        if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
+                                r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
+                                goto fail;
+                        } else if (response == 's') {
+                                r = 0;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        /* Release terminal for the question */
+                        if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
+                                                       &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
+                                                       &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
+                                goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (!keep_stdin)
+                        if (setup_input(context, socket_fd) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_STDIN;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (!keep_stdout)
+                        if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_STDOUT;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
+                        r = EXIT_STDERR;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (cgroup_bondings)
+                        if ((r = cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0)) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_CGROUP;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (context->oom_adjust_set) {
+                        char t[16];
+
+                        snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_adjust);
+                        char_array_0(t);
+
+                        if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (context->nice_set)
+                        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_NICE;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
+                        struct sched_param param;
+
+                        zero(param);
+                        param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
+
+                        if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
+                                               (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (context->cpu_affinity_set)
+                        if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(context->cpu_affinity), &context->cpu_affinity) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (context->ioprio_set)
+                        if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (context->timer_slack_ns_set)
+                        if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_ns_set) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
+                    strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
+                    strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
+                    context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
+                    context->private_tmp)
+                        if ((r = setup_namespace(
+                                             context->read_write_dirs,
+                                             context->read_only_dirs,
+                                             context->inaccessible_dirs,
+                                             context->private_tmp,
+                                             context->mount_flags)) < 0)
+                                goto fail;
+
+                if (context->user) {
+                        username = context->user;
+                        if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_USER;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
+                                if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_STDIN;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                }
+
+                if (apply_permissions)
+                        if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_GROUP;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                umask(context->umask);
+
+                if (apply_chroot) {
+                        if (context->root_directory)
+                                if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_CHROOT;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+
+                        if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_CHDIR;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+                } else {
+
+                        char *d;
+
+                        if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
+                                     context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
+                                     context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        if (chdir(d) < 0) {
+                                free(d);
+                                r = EXIT_CHDIR;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                        free(d);
+                }
+
+                if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
+                    shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
+                    flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
+                        r = EXIT_FDS;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (apply_permissions) {
+
+                        for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
+                                if (!context->rlimit[i])
+                                        continue;
+
+                                if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_LIMITS;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (context->user)
+                                if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_USER;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+
+                        /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
+                         * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
+                         * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
+                         * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
+                        if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
+                                if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+
+                        if (context->capabilities)
+                                if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
+                                        r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
+                                        goto fail;
+                                }
+                }
+
+                if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 6))) {
+                        r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                if (n_fds > 0)
+                        if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid()) < 0 ||
+                            asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (home)
+                        if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                if (username)
+                        if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
+                            asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
+                                r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                                goto fail;
+                        }
+
+                assert(n_env <= 6);
+
+                if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(environment, our_env, context->environment, NULL))) {
+                        r = EXIT_MEMORY;
+                        goto fail;
+                }
+
+                execve(command->path, argv, final_env);
+                r = EXIT_EXEC;
+
+        fail:
+                strv_free(our_env);
+                strv_free(final_env);
+
+                if (saved_stdin >= 0)
+                        close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
+
+                if (saved_stdout >= 0)
+                        close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
+
+                _exit(r);
+        }
+
+        /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
+         * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
+         * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
+         * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
+         * killed too). */
+        if (cgroup_bondings)
+                cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
+
+        log_debug("Forked %s as %llu", command->path, (unsigned long long) pid);
+
+        command->exec_status.pid = pid;
+        command->exec_status.start_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        *ret = pid;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
+        assert(c);
+
+        c->umask = 0002;
+        c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
+        c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
+        c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
+        c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
+}
+
+void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
+        unsigned l;
+
+        assert(c);
+
+        strv_free(c->environment);
+        c->environment = NULL;
+
+        for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
+                free(c->rlimit[l]);
+                c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
+        }
+
+        free(c->working_directory);
+        c->working_directory = NULL;
+        free(c->root_directory);
+        c->root_directory = NULL;
+
+        free(c->tty_path);
+        c->tty_path = NULL;
+
+        free(c->syslog_identifier);
+        c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
+
+        free(c->user);
+        c->user = NULL;
+
+        free(c->group);
+        c->group = NULL;
+
+        strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
+        c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
+
+        if (c->capabilities) {
+                cap_free(c->capabilities);
+                c->capabilities = NULL;
+        }
+
+        strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
+        c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
+
+        strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
+        c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
+
+        strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
+        c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
+}
+
+void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
+        assert(c);
+
+        free(c->path);
+        c->path = NULL;
+
+        strv_free(c->argv);
+        c->argv = NULL;
+}
+
+void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                exec_command_done(c+i);
+}
+
+void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
+        ExecCommand *i;
+
+        while ((i = c)) {
+                LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
+                exec_command_done(i);
+                free(i);
+        }
+}
+
+void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
+                c[i] = NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
+        char **g;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(g, l)
+                fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
+}
+
+void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
+        char ** e;
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(c);
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!prefix)
+                prefix = "";
+
+        fprintf(f,
+                "%sUMask: %04o\n"
+                "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
+                "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
+                "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
+                "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n",
+                prefix, c->umask,
+                prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
+                prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
+                prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
+                prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp));
+
+        if (c->environment)
+                for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
+                        fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
+
+        if (c->nice_set)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sNice: %i\n",
+                        prefix, c->nice);
+
+        if (c->oom_adjust_set)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sOOMAdjust: %i\n",
+                        prefix, c->oom_adjust);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
+                if (c->rlimit[i])
+                        fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
+
+        if (c->ioprio_set)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
+                        "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
+                        prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
+                        prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
+
+        if (c->cpu_sched_set)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
+                        "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
+                        "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
+                        prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
+                        prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
+                        prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
+
+        if (c->cpu_affinity_set) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
+                for (i = 0; i < CPU_SETSIZE; i++)
+                        if (CPU_ISSET(i, &c->cpu_affinity))
+                                fprintf(f, " %i", i);
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (c->timer_slack_ns_set)
+                fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNS: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_ns);
+
+        fprintf(f,
+                "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
+                "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
+                "%sStandardError: %s\n",
+                prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
+                prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
+                prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
+
+        if (c->tty_path)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
+                        prefix, c->tty_path);
+
+        if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ||
+            c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
+                        "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
+                        prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
+                        prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
+
+        if (c->capabilities) {
+                char *t;
+                if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
+                        fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
+                                prefix, t);
+                        cap_free(t);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (c->secure_bits)
+                fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+                        prefix,
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
+                        (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
+
+        if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
+
+                for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
+                        if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
+                                char *t;
+
+                                if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
+                                        fprintf(f, " %s", t);
+                                        free(t);
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (c->user)
+                fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s", prefix, c->user);
+        if (c->group)
+                fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s", prefix, c->group);
+
+        if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
+                strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
+                strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
+                strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+
+        if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
+                fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
+                strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
+                fputs("\n", f);
+        }
+}
+
+void exec_status_fill(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
+        assert(s);
+
+        s->pid = pid;
+        s->exit_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+
+        s->code = code;
+        s->status = status;
+}
+
+void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
+        char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!prefix)
+                prefix = "";
+
+        if (s->pid <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        fprintf(f,
+                "%sPID: %llu\n",
+                prefix, (unsigned long long) s->pid);
+
+        if (s->start_timestamp > 0)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
+                        prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp));
+
+        if (s->exit_timestamp > 0)
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
+                        "%sExit Code: %s\n"
+                        "%sExit Status: %i\n",
+                        prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp),
+                        prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
+                        prefix, s->status);
+}
+
+char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
+        size_t k;
+        char *n, *p, **a;
+        bool first = true;
+
+        assert(argv);
+
+        k = 1;
+        STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
+                k += strlen(*a)+3;
+
+        if (!(n = new(char, k)))
+                return NULL;
+
+        p = n;
+        STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
+
+                if (!first)
+                        *(p++) = ' ';
+                else
+                        first = false;
+
+                if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
+                        *(p++) = '\'';
+                        p = stpcpy(p, *a);
+                        *(p++) = '\'';
+                } else
+                        p = stpcpy(p, *a);
+
+        }
+
+        *p = 0;
+
+        /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
+         * spaces and ticks in them */
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
+        char *p2;
+        const char *prefix2;
+
+        char *cmd;
+
+        assert(c);
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!prefix)
+                prefix = "";
+        p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
+        prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
+
+        cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
+
+        fprintf(f,
+                "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
+                prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
+
+        free(cmd);
+
+        exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
+
+        free(p2);
+}
+
+void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!prefix)
+                prefix = "";
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
+                exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
+}
+
+void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
+        ExecCommand *end;
+
+        assert(l);
+        assert(e);
+
+        if (*l) {
+                /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
+                LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
+                LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
+        } else
+              *l = e;
+}
+
+int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
+        va_list ap;
+        char **l, *p;
+
+        assert(c);
+        assert(path);
+
+        va_start(ap, path);
+        l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
+        va_end(ap);
+
+        if (!l)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
+                strv_free(l);
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        free(c->path);
+        c->path = p;
+
+        strv_free(c->argv);
+        c->argv = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+const char* exit_status_to_string(ExitStatus status) {
+
+        /* We cast to int here, so that -Wenum doesn't complain that
+         * EXIT_SUCCESS/EXIT_FAILURE aren't in the enum */
+
+        switch ((int) status) {
+
+        case EXIT_SUCCESS:
+                return "SUCCESS";
+
+        case EXIT_FAILURE:
+                return "FAILURE";
+
+        case EXIT_INVALIDARGUMENT:
+                return "INVALIDARGUMENT";
+
+        case EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
+                return "NOTIMPLEMENTED";
+
+        case EXIT_NOPERMISSION:
+                return "NOPERMISSION";
+
+        case EXIT_NOTINSTALLED:
+                return "NOTINSSTALLED";
+
+        case EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED:
+                return "NOTCONFIGURED";
+
+        case EXIT_NOTRUNNING:
+                return "NOTRUNNING";
+
+        case EXIT_CHDIR:
+                return "CHDIR";
+
+        case EXIT_NICE:
+                return "NICE";
+
+        case EXIT_FDS:
+                return "FDS";
+
+        case EXIT_EXEC:
+                return "EXEC";
+
+        case EXIT_MEMORY:
+                return "MEMORY";
+
+        case EXIT_LIMITS:
+                return "LIMITS";
+
+        case EXIT_OOM_ADJUST:
+                return "OOM_ADJUST";
+
+        case EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK:
+                return "SIGNAL_MASK";
+
+        case EXIT_STDIN:
+                return "STDIN";
+
+        case EXIT_STDOUT:
+                return "STDOUT";
+
+        case EXIT_CHROOT:
+                return "CHROOT";
+
+        case EXIT_IOPRIO:
+                return "IOPRIO";
+
+        case EXIT_TIMERSLACK:
+                return "TIMERSLACK";
+
+        case EXIT_SECUREBITS:
+                return "SECUREBITS";
+
+        case EXIT_SETSCHEDULER:
+                return "SETSCHEDULER";
+
+        case EXIT_CPUAFFINITY:
+                return "CPUAFFINITY";
+
+        case EXIT_GROUP:
+                return "GROUP";
+
+        case EXIT_USER:
+                return "USER";
+
+        case EXIT_CAPABILITIES:
+                return "CAPABILITIES";
+
+        case EXIT_CGROUP:
+                return "CGROUP";
+
+        case EXIT_SETSID:
+                return "SETSID";
+
+        case EXIT_CONFIRM:
+                return "CONFIRM";
+
+        case EXIT_STDERR:
+                return "STDERR";
+
+        default:
+                return NULL;
+        }
+}
+
+static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
+        [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
+        [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
+        [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
+        [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
+        [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
+};
+
+static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL] = "kernel",
+        [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);