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authorLuke Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>2017-05-12 23:58:59 -0400
committerLuke Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>2017-05-12 23:58:59 -0400
commitf838f51c238f8dcc4568eb68a16a7a86024eea5d (patch)
treef122167057382ce448e3101091225ba6647592da /src/grp-initprogs/systemd-sysusers/sysusers.d.xml
parent39970d85d4c2313d43147f15047ac564603c7f8c (diff)
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+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+<refentry id="sysusers.d" conditional='ENABLE_SYSUSERS'
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>sysusers.d</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>sysusers.d</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the files from
+ <filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory to create system users
+ and groups at package installation or boot time. This tool may be
+ used to allocate system users and groups only, it is not useful
+ for creating non-system users and groups, as it accesses
+ <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
+ <filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing any more
+ complex user databases, for example any database involving NIS or
+ LDAP.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Configuration Format</title>
+
+ <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
+ <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
+ <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
+ The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
+ easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
+
+ <para>The file format is one line per user or group containing
+ name, ID, GECOS field description and home directory:</para>
+
+ <programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
+u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
+u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
+g input - -
+m authd input
+u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Type</title>
+
+ <para>The type consists of a single letter. The following line
+ types are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>u</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a system user and group of the
+ specified name should they not exist yet. The user's primary
+ group will be set to the group bearing the same name. The
+ user's shell will be set to
+ <filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>, the home directory to
+ the specified home directory, or <filename>/</filename> if
+ none is given. The account will be created disabled, so that
+ logins are not allowed.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>g</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Create a system group of the specified name
+ should it not exist yet. Note that <varname>u</varname>
+ implicitly create a matching group. The group will be
+ created with no password set.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>m</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Add a user to a group. If the user or group
+ do not exist yet, they will be implicitly
+ created.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>r</varname></term>
+ <listitem><para>Add a range of numeric UIDs/GIDs to the pool
+ to allocate new UIDs and GIDs from. If no line of this type
+ is specified, the range of UIDs/GIDs is set to some
+ compiled-in default. Note that both UIDs and GIDs are
+ allocated from the same pool, in order to ensure that users
+ and groups of the same name are likely to carry the same
+ numeric UID and GID.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Name</title>
+
+ <para>The name field specifies the user or group name. It should
+ be shorter than 31 characters and avoid any non-ASCII
+ characters, and not begin with a numeric character. It is
+ strongly recommended to pick user and group names that are
+ unlikely to clash with normal users created by the
+ administrator. A good scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing
+ all system and group names with the underscore, and avoiding too
+ generic names.</para>
+
+ <para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
+ the user name to add to a group.</para>
+
+ <para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>, this field should
+ be set to <literal>-</literal>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>ID</title>
+
+ <para>For <varname>u</varname> and <varname>g</varname>, the
+ numeric 32-bit UID or GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535
+ or 4294967295, as they have special placeholder meanings.
+ Specify <literal>-</literal> for automatic UID/GID allocation
+ for the user or group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
+ in the file system. In this case, the UID/GID is read from the
+ path's owner/group. This is useful to create users whose UID/GID
+ match the owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or SGID
+ binaries).</para>
+
+ <para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
+ the group name to add to a user to.</para>
+
+ <para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>, this field should
+ be set to a UID/GID range in the format
+ <literal>FROM-TO</literal>, where both values are formatted as
+ decimal ASCII numbers. Alternatively, a single UID/GID may be
+ specified formatted as decimal ASCII numbers.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>GECOS</title>
+
+ <para>A short, descriptive string for users to be created,
+ enclosed in quotation marks. Note that this field may not
+ contain colons.</para>
+
+ <para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
+ should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
+ <literal>-</literal>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Home Directory</title>
+
+ <para>The home directory for a new system user. If omitted,
+ defaults to the root directory. It is recommended to not
+ unnecessarily specify home directories for system users, unless
+ software strictly requires one to be set.</para>
+
+ <para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
+ should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
+ <literal>-</literal>.</para>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Idempotence</title>
+
+ <para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command> will do
+ nothing if the specified users or groups already exist, so
+ normally, there is no reason to override
+ <filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration, except to
+ block certain users or groups from being created.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>