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authorLuke Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>2017-05-10 17:38:59 -0400
committerLuke Shumaker <lukeshu@lukeshu.com>2017-05-10 17:38:59 -0400
commit7bd29679e6dd590bddfa18401749fad5c8f5d46b (patch)
treeca8e39d88032fc2458551743b38c4c3f3bde1374 /src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run
parent28420561826df73fff80c4a3c808aa9f1d418730 (diff)
./tools/notsd-move
Diffstat (limited to 'src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run')
l---------src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/GNUmakefile1
-rw-r--r--src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/Makefile33
-rw-r--r--src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/run.c1441
-rw-r--r--src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.bash118
-rw-r--r--src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.zsh61
-rw-r--r--src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.xml437
6 files changed, 2091 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/GNUmakefile b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/GNUmakefile
new file mode 120000
index 0000000000..13308a50cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/GNUmakefile
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../../../GNUmakefile \ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/Makefile b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9664591eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# -*- Mode: makefile; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+#
+# This file is part of systemd.
+#
+# Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+# Copyright 2010-2012 Kay Sievers
+# Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+# Copyright 2013 David Strauss
+# Copyright 2016 Luke Shumaker
+#
+# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+# Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))/../../../../config.mk
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.head.mk
+
+bin_PROGRAMS += systemd-run
+systemd_run_SOURCES = \
+ src/run/run.c
+
+systemd_run_LDADD = \
+ libsystemd-shared.la
+
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.tail.mk
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/run.c b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/run.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..274edaf2f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/run.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1441 @@
+/***
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-event.h>
+
+#include "sd-bus/bus-error.h"
+#include "sd-bus/bus-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/alloc-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/calendarspec.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/env-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/fd-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/formats-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/parse-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/path-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/process-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/signal-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/strv.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/terminal-util.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/unit-name.h"
+#include "systemd-basic/user-util.h"
+#include "systemd-shared/bus-unit-util.h"
+#include "systemd-shared/ptyfwd.h"
+#include "systemd-shared/spawn-polkit-agent.h"
+
+static bool arg_ask_password = true;
+static bool arg_scope = false;
+static bool arg_remain_after_exit = false;
+static bool arg_no_block = false;
+static bool arg_wait = false;
+static const char *arg_unit = NULL;
+static const char *arg_description = NULL;
+static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
+static bool arg_send_sighup = false;
+static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
+static const char *arg_host = NULL;
+static bool arg_user = false;
+static const char *arg_service_type = NULL;
+static const char *arg_exec_user = NULL;
+static const char *arg_exec_group = NULL;
+static int arg_nice = 0;
+static bool arg_nice_set = false;
+static char **arg_environment = NULL;
+static char **arg_property = NULL;
+static bool arg_pty = false;
+static usec_t arg_on_active = 0;
+static usec_t arg_on_boot = 0;
+static usec_t arg_on_startup = 0;
+static usec_t arg_on_unit_active = 0;
+static usec_t arg_on_unit_inactive = 0;
+static const char *arg_on_calendar = NULL;
+static char **arg_timer_property = NULL;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+
+static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+ /* Open the polkit agent as a child process if necessary */
+ if (!arg_ask_password)
+ return;
+
+ if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+ return;
+
+ polkit_agent_open();
+}
+
+static void help(void) {
+ printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} [ARGS...]\n\n"
+ "Run the specified command in a transient scope or service.\n\n"
+ " -h --help Show this help\n"
+ " --version Show package version\n"
+ " --no-ask-password Do not prompt for password\n"
+ " --user Run as user unit\n"
+ " -H --host=[USER@]HOST Operate on remote host\n"
+ " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
+ " --scope Run this as scope rather than service\n"
+ " --unit=UNIT Run under the specified unit name\n"
+ " -p --property=NAME=VALUE Set service or scope unit property\n"
+ " --description=TEXT Description for unit\n"
+ " --slice=SLICE Run in the specified slice\n"
+ " --no-block Do not wait until operation finished\n"
+ " -r --remain-after-exit Leave service around until explicitly stopped\n"
+ " --wait Wait until service stopped again\n"
+ " --send-sighup Send SIGHUP when terminating\n"
+ " --service-type=TYPE Service type\n"
+ " --uid=USER Run as system user\n"
+ " --gid=GROUP Run as system group\n"
+ " --nice=NICE Nice level\n"
+ " -E --setenv=NAME=VALUE Set environment\n"
+ " -t --pty Run service on pseudo tty\n"
+ " -q --quiet Suppress information messages during runtime\n\n"
+ "Timer options:\n"
+ " --on-active=SECONDS Run after SECONDS delay\n"
+ " --on-boot=SECONDS Run SECONDS after machine was booted up\n"
+ " --on-startup=SECONDS Run SECONDS after systemd activation\n"
+ " --on-unit-active=SECONDS Run SECONDS after the last activation\n"
+ " --on-unit-inactive=SECONDS Run SECONDS after the last deactivation\n"
+ " --on-calendar=SPEC Realtime timer\n"
+ " --timer-property=NAME=VALUE Set timer unit property\n"
+ , program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static bool with_timer(void) {
+ return arg_on_active || arg_on_boot || arg_on_startup || arg_on_unit_active || arg_on_unit_inactive || arg_on_calendar;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+ enum {
+ ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+ ARG_USER,
+ ARG_SYSTEM,
+ ARG_SCOPE,
+ ARG_UNIT,
+ ARG_DESCRIPTION,
+ ARG_SLICE,
+ ARG_SEND_SIGHUP,
+ ARG_SERVICE_TYPE,
+ ARG_EXEC_USER,
+ ARG_EXEC_GROUP,
+ ARG_NICE,
+ ARG_ON_ACTIVE,
+ ARG_ON_BOOT,
+ ARG_ON_STARTUP,
+ ARG_ON_UNIT_ACTIVE,
+ ARG_ON_UNIT_INACTIVE,
+ ARG_ON_CALENDAR,
+ ARG_TIMER_PROPERTY,
+ ARG_NO_BLOCK,
+ ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
+ ARG_WAIT,
+ };
+
+ static const struct option options[] = {
+ { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
+ { "version", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
+ { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
+ { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
+ { "scope", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SCOPE },
+ { "unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT },
+ { "description", required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESCRIPTION },
+ { "slice", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SLICE },
+ { "remain-after-exit", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
+ { "send-sighup", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SEND_SIGHUP },
+ { "host", required_argument, NULL, 'H' },
+ { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
+ { "service-type", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SERVICE_TYPE },
+ { "wait", no_argument, NULL, ARG_WAIT },
+ { "uid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXEC_USER },
+ { "gid", required_argument, NULL, ARG_EXEC_GROUP },
+ { "nice", required_argument, NULL, ARG_NICE },
+ { "setenv", required_argument, NULL, 'E' },
+ { "property", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
+ { "tty", no_argument, NULL, 't' }, /* deprecated */
+ { "pty", no_argument, NULL, 't' },
+ { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
+ { "on-active", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_ACTIVE },
+ { "on-boot", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_BOOT },
+ { "on-startup", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_STARTUP },
+ { "on-unit-active", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_UNIT_ACTIVE },
+ { "on-unit-inactive", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_UNIT_INACTIVE },
+ { "on-calendar", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ON_CALENDAR },
+ { "timer-property", required_argument, NULL, ARG_TIMER_PROPERTY },
+ { "no-block", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK },
+ { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
+ {},
+ };
+
+ int r, c;
+
+ assert(argc >= 0);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hrH:M:E:p:tq", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+ switch (c) {
+
+ case 'h':
+ help();
+ return 0;
+
+ case ARG_VERSION:
+ return version();
+
+ case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
+ arg_ask_password = false;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER:
+ arg_user = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SYSTEM:
+ arg_user = false;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SCOPE:
+ arg_scope = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UNIT:
+ arg_unit = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DESCRIPTION:
+ arg_description = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SLICE:
+ arg_slice = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SEND_SIGHUP:
+ arg_send_sighup = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'r':
+ arg_remain_after_exit = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'H':
+ arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
+ arg_host = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'M':
+ arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
+ arg_host = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SERVICE_TYPE:
+ arg_service_type = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_EXEC_USER:
+ arg_exec_user = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_EXEC_GROUP:
+ arg_exec_group = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NICE:
+ r = parse_nice(optarg, &arg_nice);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse nice value: %s", optarg);
+
+ arg_nice_set = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'E':
+ if (strv_extend(&arg_environment, optarg) < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'p':
+ if (strv_extend(&arg_property, optarg) < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ break;
+
+ case 't':
+ arg_pty = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'q':
+ arg_quiet = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_ACTIVE:
+
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_on_active);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timer value: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_BOOT:
+
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_on_boot);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timer value: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_STARTUP:
+
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_on_startup);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timer value: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_UNIT_ACTIVE:
+
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_on_unit_active);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timer value: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_UNIT_INACTIVE:
+
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_on_unit_inactive);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timer value: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ON_CALENDAR: {
+ CalendarSpec *spec = NULL;
+
+ r = calendar_spec_from_string(optarg, &spec);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Invalid calendar spec: %s", optarg);
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ calendar_spec_free(spec);
+ arg_on_calendar = optarg;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case ARG_TIMER_PROPERTY:
+
+ if (strv_extend(&arg_timer_property, optarg) < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
+ arg_no_block = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_WAIT:
+ arg_wait = true;
+ break;
+
+ case '?':
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ default:
+ assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+ }
+
+ if ((optind >= argc) && (!arg_unit || !with_timer())) {
+ log_error("Command line to execute required.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_user && arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+ log_error("Execution in user context is not supported on non-local systems.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_scope && arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+ log_error("Scope execution is not supported on non-local systems.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_scope && (arg_remain_after_exit || arg_service_type)) {
+ log_error("--remain-after-exit and --service-type= are not supported in --scope mode.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_pty && (with_timer() || arg_scope)) {
+ log_error("--pty is not compatible in timer or --scope mode.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_pty && arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE) {
+ log_error("--pty is only supported when connecting to the local system or containers.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_scope && with_timer()) {
+ log_error("Timer options are not supported in --scope mode.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_timer_property && !with_timer()) {
+ log_error("--timer-property= has no effect without any other timer options.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_wait) {
+ if (arg_no_block) {
+ log_error("--wait may not be combined with --no-block.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (with_timer()) {
+ log_error("--wait may not be combined with timer operations.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_scope) {
+ log_error("--wait may not be combined with --scope.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int transient_unit_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m, char **properties) {
+ int r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Description", "s", arg_description);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = bus_append_unit_property_assignment_many(m, properties);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int transient_cgroup_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m) {
+ int r;
+ assert(m);
+
+ if (!isempty(arg_slice)) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *slice;
+
+ r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(arg_slice, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".slice", &slice);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Slice", "s", slice);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int transient_kill_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m) {
+ assert(m);
+
+ if (arg_send_sighup)
+ return sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "SendSIGHUP", "b", arg_send_sighup);
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int transient_service_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m, char **argv, const char *pty_path) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+
+ r = transient_unit_set_properties(m, arg_property);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = transient_kill_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = transient_cgroup_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (arg_wait) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "AddRef", "b", 1);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_remain_after_exit) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "RemainAfterExit", "b", arg_remain_after_exit);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_service_type) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Type", "s", arg_service_type);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_exec_user) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "User", "s", arg_exec_user);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_exec_group) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Group", "s", arg_exec_group);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_nice_set) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Nice", "i", arg_nice);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (pty_path) {
+ const char *e;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m,
+ "(sv)(sv)(sv)(sv)",
+ "StandardInput", "s", "tty",
+ "StandardOutput", "s", "tty",
+ "StandardError", "s", "tty",
+ "TTYPath", "s", pty_path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ e = getenv("TERM");
+ if (e) {
+ char *n;
+
+ n = strjoina("TERM=", e);
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m,
+ "(sv)",
+ "Environment", "as", 1, n);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!strv_isempty(arg_environment)) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'r', "sv");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", "Environment");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "as");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, arg_environment);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ /* Exec container */
+ {
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'r', "sv");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", "ExecStart");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'v', "a(sasb)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sasb)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'r', "sasb");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", argv[0]);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, argv);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "b", false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int transient_scope_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+
+ r = transient_unit_set_properties(m, arg_property);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = transient_kill_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = transient_cgroup_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "PIDs", "au", 1, (uint32_t) getpid());
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int transient_timer_set_properties(sd_bus_message *m) {
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+
+ r = transient_unit_set_properties(m, arg_timer_property);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ /* Automatically clean up our transient timers */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "RemainAfterElapse", "b", false);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (arg_on_active) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnActiveSec", "t", arg_on_active);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_on_boot) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnBootSec", "t", arg_on_boot);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_on_startup) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnStartupSec", "t", arg_on_startup);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_on_unit_active) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnUnitActiveSec", "t", arg_on_unit_active);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_on_unit_inactive) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnUnitInactiveSec", "t", arg_on_unit_inactive);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_on_calendar) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "OnCalendar", "s", arg_on_calendar);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int make_unit_name(sd_bus *bus, UnitType t, char **ret) {
+ const char *unique, *id;
+ char *p;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+ assert(t >= 0);
+ assert(t < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX);
+
+ r = sd_bus_get_unique_name(bus, &unique);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ sd_id128_t rnd;
+
+ /* We couldn't get the unique name, which is a pretty
+ * common case if we are connected to systemd
+ * directly. In that case, just pick a random uuid as
+ * name */
+
+ r = sd_id128_randomize(&rnd);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate random run unit name: %m");
+
+ if (asprintf(ret, "run-r" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".%s", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(rnd), unit_type_to_string(t)) < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* We managed to get the unique name, then let's use that to
+ * name our transient units. */
+
+ id = startswith(unique, ":1.");
+ if (!id) {
+ log_error("Unique name %s has unexpected format.", unique);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ p = strjoin("run-u", id, ".", unit_type_to_string(t), NULL);
+ if (!p)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ *ret = p;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+typedef struct RunContext {
+ sd_bus *bus;
+ sd_event *event;
+ PTYForward *forward;
+ sd_bus_slot *match;
+
+ /* The exit data of the unit */
+ char *active_state;
+ uint64_t inactive_exit_usec;
+ uint64_t inactive_enter_usec;
+ char *result;
+ uint64_t cpu_usage_nsec;
+ uint32_t exit_code;
+ uint32_t exit_status;
+} RunContext;
+
+static void run_context_free(RunContext *c) {
+ assert(c);
+
+ c->forward = pty_forward_free(c->forward);
+ c->match = sd_bus_slot_unref(c->match);
+ c->bus = sd_bus_unref(c->bus);
+ c->event = sd_event_unref(c->event);
+
+ free(c->active_state);
+ free(c->result);
+}
+
+static void run_context_check_done(RunContext *c) {
+ bool done = true;
+
+ assert(c);
+
+ if (c->match)
+ done = done && (c->active_state && STR_IN_SET(c->active_state, "inactive", "failed"));
+
+ if (c->forward)
+ done = done && pty_forward_is_done(c->forward);
+
+ if (done)
+ sd_event_exit(c->event, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
+
+static int on_properties_changed(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *error) {
+
+ static const struct bus_properties_map map[] = {
+ { "ActiveState", "s", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, active_state) },
+ { "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, inactive_exit_usec) },
+ { "InactiveEnterTimestampMonotonic", "t", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, inactive_enter_usec) },
+ { "Result", "s", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, result) },
+ { "ExecMainCode", "i", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, exit_code) },
+ { "ExecMainStatus", "i", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, exit_status) },
+ { "CPUUsageNSec", "t", NULL, offsetof(RunContext, cpu_usage_nsec) },
+ {}
+ };
+
+ RunContext *c = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ r = bus_map_all_properties(c->bus,
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+ sd_bus_message_get_path(m),
+ map,
+ c);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ sd_event_exit(c->event, EXIT_FAILURE);
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query unit state: %m");
+ }
+
+ run_context_check_done(c);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int pty_forward_handler(PTYForward *f, int rcode, void *userdata) {
+ RunContext *c = userdata;
+
+ assert(f);
+
+ if (rcode < 0) {
+ sd_event_exit(c->event, EXIT_FAILURE);
+ return log_error_errno(rcode, "Error on PTY forwarding logic: %m");
+ }
+
+ run_context_check_done(c);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_transient_service(
+ sd_bus *bus,
+ char **argv,
+ int *retval) {
+
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *service = NULL, *pty_path = NULL;
+ _cleanup_close_ int master = -1;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+ assert(argv);
+ assert(retval);
+
+ if (arg_pty) {
+
+ if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+ master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
+ if (master < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
+
+ r = ptsname_malloc(master, &pty_path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine tty name: %m");
+
+ if (unlockpt(master) < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to unlock tty: %m");
+
+ } else if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) {
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_unrefp) sd_bus *system_bus = NULL;
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *pty_reply = NULL;
+ const char *s;
+
+ r = sd_bus_default_system(&system_bus);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to system bus: %m");
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(system_bus,
+ "org.freedesktop.machine1",
+ "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
+ "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
+ "OpenMachinePTY",
+ &error,
+ &pty_reply,
+ "s", arg_host);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to get machine PTY: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(pty_reply, "hs", &master, &s);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ master = fcntl(master, F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 3);
+ if (master < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to duplicate master fd: %m");
+
+ pty_path = strdup(s);
+ if (!pty_path)
+ return log_oom();
+ } else
+ assert_not_reached("Can't allocate tty via ssh");
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_no_block) {
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &w);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+ }
+
+ if (arg_unit) {
+ r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(arg_unit, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".service", &service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+ } else {
+ r = make_unit_name(bus, UNIT_SERVICE, &service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+ bus,
+ &m,
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+ "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+ "StartTransientUnit");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_ask_password);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Name and mode */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", service, "fail");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Properties */
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = transient_service_set_properties(m, argv, pty_path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Auxiliary units */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "a(sa(sv))", 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+ r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to start transient service unit: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+ if (w) {
+ const char *object;
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &object);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_one(w, object, arg_quiet);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_quiet)
+ log_info("Running as unit: %s", service);
+
+ if (arg_wait || master >= 0) {
+ _cleanup_(run_context_free) RunContext c = {};
+
+ c.bus = sd_bus_ref(bus);
+
+ r = sd_event_default(&c.event);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get event loop: %m");
+
+ if (master >= 0) {
+ assert_se(sigprocmask_many(SIG_BLOCK, NULL, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1) >= 0);
+ (void) sd_event_add_signal(c.event, NULL, SIGINT, NULL, NULL);
+ (void) sd_event_add_signal(c.event, NULL, SIGTERM, NULL, NULL);
+
+ if (!arg_quiet)
+ log_info("Press ^] three times within 1s to disconnect TTY.");
+
+ r = pty_forward_new(c.event, master, PTY_FORWARD_IGNORE_INITIAL_VHANGUP, &c.forward);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create PTY forwarder: %m");
+
+ pty_forward_set_handler(c.forward, pty_forward_handler, &c);
+ }
+
+ if (arg_wait) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+ const char *mt;
+
+ path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(service);
+ if (!path)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ mt = strjoina("type='signal',"
+ "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
+ "path='", path, "',"
+ "interface='org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties',"
+ "member='PropertiesChanged'");
+ r = sd_bus_add_match(bus, &c.match, mt, on_properties_changed, &c);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add properties changed signal.");
+
+ r = sd_bus_attach_event(bus, c.event, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to attach bus to event loop.");
+ }
+
+ r = sd_event_loop(c.event);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to run event loop: %m");
+
+ if (c.forward) {
+ char last_char = 0;
+
+ r = pty_forward_get_last_char(c.forward, &last_char);
+ if (r >= 0 && !arg_quiet && last_char != '\n')
+ fputc('\n', stdout);
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_quiet) {
+ if (!isempty(c.result))
+ log_info("Finished with result: %s", strna(c.result));
+
+ if (c.exit_code == CLD_EXITED)
+ log_info("Main processes terminated with: code=%s/status=%i", sigchld_code_to_string(c.exit_code), c.exit_status);
+ else if (c.exit_code > 0)
+ log_info("Main processes terminated with: code=%s/status=%s", sigchld_code_to_string(c.exit_code), signal_to_string(c.exit_status));
+
+ if (c.inactive_enter_usec > 0 && c.inactive_enter_usec != USEC_INFINITY &&
+ c.inactive_exit_usec > 0 && c.inactive_exit_usec != USEC_INFINITY &&
+ c.inactive_enter_usec > c.inactive_exit_usec) {
+ char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+ log_info("Service runtime: %s", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), c.inactive_enter_usec - c.inactive_exit_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+ }
+
+ if (c.cpu_usage_nsec > 0 && c.cpu_usage_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY) {
+ char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+ log_info("CPU time consumed: %s", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), (c.cpu_usage_nsec + NSEC_PER_USEC - 1) / NSEC_PER_USEC, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Try to propagate the service's return value */
+ if (c.result && STR_IN_SET(c.result, "success", "exit-code") && c.exit_code == CLD_EXITED)
+ *retval = c.exit_status;
+ else
+ *retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_transient_scope(
+ sd_bus *bus,
+ char **argv) {
+
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env = NULL, **user_env = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *scope = NULL;
+ const char *object = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &w);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ if (arg_unit) {
+ r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(arg_unit, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".scope", &scope);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle scope name: %m");
+ } else {
+ r = make_unit_name(bus, UNIT_SCOPE, &scope);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+ bus,
+ &m,
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+ "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+ "StartTransientUnit");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_ask_password);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Name and Mode */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", scope, "fail");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Properties */
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = transient_scope_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Auxiliary units */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "a(sa(sv))", 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+ r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to start transient scope unit: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_nice_set) {
+ if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, arg_nice) < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to set nice level: %m");
+ }
+
+ if (arg_exec_group) {
+ gid_t gid;
+
+ r = get_group_creds(&arg_exec_group, &gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to resolve group %s: %m", arg_exec_group);
+
+ if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change GID to " GID_FMT ": %m", gid);
+ }
+
+ if (arg_exec_user) {
+ const char *home, *shell;
+ uid_t uid;
+ gid_t gid;
+
+ r = get_user_creds_clean(&arg_exec_user, &uid, &gid, &home, &shell);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to resolve user %s: %m", arg_exec_user);
+
+ if (home) {
+ r = strv_extendf(&user_env, "HOME=%s", home);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+
+ if (shell) {
+ r = strv_extendf(&user_env, "SHELL=%s", shell);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+
+ r = strv_extendf(&user_env, "USER=%s", arg_exec_user);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = strv_extendf(&user_env, "LOGNAME=%s", arg_exec_user);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ if (!arg_exec_group) {
+ if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change GID to " GID_FMT ": %m", gid);
+ }
+
+ if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to change UID to " UID_FMT ": %m", uid);
+ }
+
+ env = strv_env_merge(3, environ, user_env, arg_environment);
+ if (!env)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &object);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_one(w, object, arg_quiet);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (!arg_quiet)
+ log_info("Running scope as unit: %s", scope);
+
+ execvpe(argv[0], argv, env);
+
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute: %m");
+}
+
+static int start_transient_timer(
+ sd_bus *bus,
+ char **argv) {
+
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *timer = NULL, *service = NULL;
+ const char *object = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(bus);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &w);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ if (arg_unit) {
+ switch (unit_name_to_type(arg_unit)) {
+
+ case UNIT_SERVICE:
+ service = strdup(arg_unit);
+ if (!service)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = unit_name_change_suffix(service, ".timer", &timer);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to change unit suffix: %m");
+ break;
+
+ case UNIT_TIMER:
+ timer = strdup(arg_unit);
+ if (!timer)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = unit_name_change_suffix(timer, ".service", &service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to change unit suffix: %m");
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(arg_unit, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".service", &service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+ r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(arg_unit, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".timer", &timer);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+ break;
+ }
+ } else {
+ r = make_unit_name(bus, UNIT_SERVICE, &service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = unit_name_change_suffix(service, ".timer", &timer);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to change unit suffix: %m");
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+ bus,
+ &m,
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+ "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+ "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+ "StartTransientUnit");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_set_allow_interactive_authorization(m, arg_ask_password);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Name and Mode */
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ss", timer, "fail");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ /* Properties */
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = transient_timer_set_properties(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sa(sv))");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ if (!strv_isempty(argv)) {
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'r', "sa(sv)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", service);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "(sv)");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = transient_service_set_properties(m, argv, NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+ polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+ r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to start transient timer unit: %s", bus_error_message(&error, -r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &object);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = bus_wait_for_jobs_one(w, object, arg_quiet);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (!arg_quiet) {
+ log_info("Running timer as unit: %s", timer);
+ if (argv[0])
+ log_info("Will run service as unit: %s", service);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *description = NULL, *command = NULL;
+ int r, retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+ log_parse_environment();
+ log_open();
+
+ r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+ if (r <= 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ if (argc > optind && arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+ /* Patch in an absolute path */
+
+ r = find_binary(argv[optind], &command);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(r, "Failed to find executable %s: %m", argv[optind]);
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ argv[optind] = command;
+ }
+
+ if (!arg_description) {
+ description = strv_join(argv + optind, " ");
+ if (!description) {
+ r = log_oom();
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_unit && isempty(description)) {
+ r = free_and_strdup(&description, arg_unit);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ arg_description = description;
+ }
+
+ /* If --wait is used connect via the bus, unconditionally, as ref/unref is not supported via the limited direct
+ * connection */
+ if (arg_wait)
+ r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, arg_user, &bus);
+ else
+ r = bus_connect_transport_systemd(arg_transport, arg_host, arg_user, &bus);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create bus connection: %m");
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_scope)
+ r = start_transient_scope(bus, argv + optind);
+ else if (with_timer())
+ r = start_transient_timer(bus, argv + optind);
+ else
+ r = start_transient_service(bus, argv + optind, &retval);
+
+finish:
+ strv_free(arg_environment);
+ strv_free(arg_property);
+ strv_free(arg_timer_property);
+
+ return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : retval;
+}
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.bash b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.bash
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4116ba7eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.bash
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# systemd-run(1) completion -*- shell-script -*-
+#
+# This file is part of systemd.
+#
+# Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#
+# systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+# along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+__systemctl() {
+ local mode=$1; shift 1
+ systemctl $mode --full --no-legend "$@"
+}
+
+__get_slice_units () { __systemctl $1 list-units --all -t slice \
+ | { while read -r a b c d; do echo " $a"; done; }; }
+
+__get_machines() {
+ local a b
+ machinectl list --no-legend --no-pager | { while read a b; do echo " $a"; done; };
+}
+
+_systemd_run() {
+ local cur=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]} prev=${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD-1]}
+ local OPTS='-h --help --version --user --system --scope --unit --description --slice
+ -r --remain-after-exit --send-sighup -H --host -M --machine --service-type
+ --on-active --on-boot --on-startup --on-unit-active --on-unit-inactive
+ --on-calendar --timer-property -t --pty -q --quiet --no-block
+ --uid --gid --nice --setenv -p --property --no-ask-password
+ --wait'
+
+ local mode=--system
+ local i
+ local opts_with_values=(
+ --unit --description --slice --service-type -H --host -M --machine -p --property --on-active
+ --on-boot --on-startup --on-unit-active --on-unit-inactive --on-calendar --timer-property
+ )
+ for (( i=1; i <= COMP_CWORD; i++ )); do
+ if [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} != -* ]]; then
+ local root_command=${COMP_WORDS[i]}
+ _command_offset $i
+ return
+ fi
+
+ [[ ${COMP_WORDS[i]} == "--user" ]] && mode=--user
+
+ [[ $i -lt $COMP_CWORD && " ${opts_with_values[@]} " =~ " ${COMP_WORDS[i]} " ]] && ((i++))
+ done
+
+ case "$prev" in
+ --unit|--description|--on-active|--on-boot|--on-startup|--on-unit-active|--on-unit-inactive|--on-calendar)
+ # argument required but no completions available
+ return
+ ;;
+ --slice)
+ local comps=$(__get_slice_units $mode)
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ --service-type)
+ local comps='simple forking oneshot dbus notify idle'
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ -p|--property)
+ local comps='CPUAccounting= MemoryAccounting= BlockIOAccounting= SendSIGHUP=
+ SendSIGKILL= MemoryLimit= CPUShares= BlockIOWeight= User= Group=
+ DevicePolicy= KillMode= DeviceAllow= BlockIOReadBandwidth=
+ BlockIOWriteBandwidth= BlockIODeviceWeight= Nice= Environment=
+ KillSignal= LimitCPU= LimitFSIZE= LimitDATA= LimitSTACK=
+ LimitCORE= LimitRSS= LimitNOFILE= LimitAS= LimitNPROC=
+ LimitMEMLOCK= LimitLOCKS= LimitSIGPENDING= LimitMSGQUEUE=
+ LimitNICE= LimitRTPRIO= LimitRTTIME= PrivateTmp= PrivateDevices=
+ PrivateNetwork= NoNewPrivileges= WorkingDirectory= RootDirectory=
+ TTYPath= SyslogIdentifier= SyslogLevelPrefix= SyslogLevel=
+ SyslogFacility= TimerSlackNSec= OOMScoreAdjust= ReadWritePaths=
+ ReadOnlyPaths= InaccessiblePaths= EnvironmentFile=
+ ProtectSystem= ProtectHome= RuntimeDirectory= PassEnvironment='
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ -H|--host)
+ local comps=$(compgen -A hostname)
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ -M|--machine)
+ local comps=$( __get_machines )
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ --timer-property)
+ local comps='AccuracySec= WakeSystem='
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '$comps' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+ ;;
+ esac
+
+ COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -W '${OPTS[*]}' -- "$cur") )
+ return 0
+}
+
+complete -F _systemd_run systemd-run
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.zsh b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.zsh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..da9f73a6d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.completion.zsh
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#compdef systemd-run
+
+__systemctl() {
+ local -a _modes
+ _modes=("--user" "--system")
+ systemctl ${words:*_modes} --full --no-legend --no-pager "$@" 2>/dev/null
+}
+
+__get_slices () {
+ __systemctl list-units --all -t slice \
+ | { while read -r a b; do echo $a; done; };
+}
+
+__slices () {
+ local -a _slices
+ _slices=(${(fo)"$(__get_slices)"})
+ typeset -U _slices
+ _describe 'slices' _slices
+}
+
+_arguments \
+ {-h,--help}'[Show help message]' \
+ '--version[Show package version]' \
+ '--user[Run as user unit]' \
+ {-H+,--host=}'[Operate on remote host]:[user@]host:_sd_hosts_or_user_at_host' \
+ {-M+,--machine=}'[Operate on local container]:machines:_sd_machines' \
+ '--scope[Run this as scope rather than service]' \
+ '--unit=[Run under the specified unit name]:unit name' \
+ {-p+,--property=}'[Set unit property]:NAME=VALUE:(( \
+ CPUAccounting= MemoryAccounting= BlockIOAccounting= SendSIGHUP= \
+ SendSIGKILL= MemoryLimit= CPUShares= BlockIOWeight= User= Group= \
+ DevicePolicy= KillMode= DeviceAllow= BlockIOReadBandwidth= \
+ BlockIOWriteBandwidth= BlockIODeviceWeight= Nice= Environment= \
+ KillSignal= LimitCPU= LimitFSIZE= LimitDATA= LimitSTACK= \
+ LimitCORE= LimitRSS= LimitNOFILE= LimitAS= LimitNPROC= \
+ LimitMEMLOCK= LimitLOCKS= LimitSIGPENDING= LimitMSGQUEUE= \
+ LimitNICE= LimitRTPRIO= LimitRTTIME= PrivateTmp= PrivateDevices= \
+ PrivateNetwork= NoNewPrivileges= WorkingDirectory= RootDirectory= \
+ TTYPath= SyslogIdentifier= SyslogLevelPrefix= SyslogLevel= \
+ SyslogFacility= TimerSlackNSec= OOMScoreAdjust= ReadWritePaths= \
+ ReadOnlyPaths= InaccessiblePaths= EnvironmentFile= \
+ ProtectSystem= ProtectHome= RuntimeDirectory= PassEnvironment= \
+ ))' \
+ '--description=[Description for unit]:description' \
+ '--slice=[Run in the specified slice]:slices:__slices' \
+ {-r,--remain-after-exit}'[Leave service around until explicitly stopped]' \
+ '--send-sighup[Send SIGHUP when terminating]' \
+ '--service-type=[Service type]:type:(simple forking oneshot dbus notify idle)' \
+ '--uid=[Run as system user]:user:_users' \
+ '--gid=[Run as system group]:group:_groups' \
+ '--nice=[Nice level]:nice level' \
+ '--setenv=[Set environment]:NAME=VALUE' \
+ '--on-active=[Run after SEC seconds]:SEC' \
+ '--on-boot=[Run after SEC seconds from machine was booted up]:SEC' \
+ '--on-statup=[Run after SEC seconds from systemd was first started]:SEC' \
+ '--on-unit-active=[Run after SEC seconds from the last activation]:SEC' \
+ '--on-unit-inactive=[Run after SEC seconds from the last deactivation]:SEC' \
+ '--on-calendar=[Realtime timer]:SPEC' \
+ '--timer-property=[Set timer unit property]:NAME=VALUE' \
+ '--wait=[Wait until service stopped again]' \
+ '*::command:_command'
diff --git a/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.xml b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2ad8cb0835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/grp-utils/systemd-run/systemd-run.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-run"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>systemd-run</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>systemd-run</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or timer-scheduled service units</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-run</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+ <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
+ </arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ <cmdsynopsis>
+ <command>systemd-run</command>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg>
+ <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
+ <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
+ </cmdsynopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or
+ <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be
+ used to create and start a transient <filename>.timer</filename> unit, that activates a
+ <filename>.service</filename> unit when elapsing.</para>
+
+ <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the service manager like any
+ other service, and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command> like any other unit. It
+ will run in a clean and detached execution environment, with the service manager as its parent process. In this
+ mode, <command>systemd-run</command> will start the service asynchronously in the background and return after the
+ command has begun execution (unless <option>--no-block</option> or <option>--watch</option> are specified, see
+ below).</para>
+
+ <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be executed by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as
+ parent process and will thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. However, the processes of the command
+ are managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in the output of <command>systemctl
+ list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command finishes. This
+ mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option> switch (see below). </para>
+
+ <para>If a command is run with timer options such as <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), a transient timer
+ unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified command. Only the transient timer unit is started
+ immediately, the transient service unit will be started when the timer elapses. If the <option>--unit=</option>
+ option is specified, the <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case,
+ <command>systemd-run</command> creates only a <filename>.timer</filename> unit that invokes the specified unit when
+ elapsing.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following options are understood:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for
+ privileged operations.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--scope</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of the default transient
+ <filename>.service</filename> unit (see above).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--unit=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically
+ generated one.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--property=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-p</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets a property on the scope or service unit that is created. This option takes an assignment
+ in the same format as
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ <command>set-property</command> command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--description=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service, scope or timer unit. If not specified, the command
+ itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--slice=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the
+ specified slice, instead of <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>After the service process has terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly
+ stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service after it finished running. Also see
+ <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is
+ useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been severed. Also see
+ <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--service-type=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see
+ <varname>Type=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
+ option has no effect in conjunction with
+ <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to
+ <constant>simple</constant>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--uid=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--gid=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the specified UNIX user and group. Also see
+ <varname>User=</varname> and <varname>Group=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--nice=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified
+ nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-E <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term>
+ <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variable set.
+ Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--pty</option></term>
+ <term><option>-t</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>When invoking the command, the transient service connects its standard input and output to the
+ terminal <command>systemd-run</command> is invoked on, via a pseudo TTY device. This allows running binaries
+ that expect interactive user input as services, such as interactive command shells.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
+ <term><option>-q</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output
+ while running. This is particularly useful in combination with
+ <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial
+ message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--on-active=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term>
+ <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Defines a monotonic timer relative to different starting points for starting the specified
+ command. See <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>, <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>, <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>,
+ <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
+ details. These options may not be combined with <option>--scope</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Defines a calendar timer for starting the specified command. See <varname>OnCalendar=</varname>
+ in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
+ option may not be combined with <option>--scope</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Sets a property on the timer unit that is created. This option is similar to
+ <option>--property=</option> but applies to the transient timer unit rather than the transient service unit
+ created. This option only has an effect in conjunction with <option>--on-active=</option>,
+ <option>--on-boot=</option>, <option>--on-startup=</option>, <option>--on-unit-active=</option>,
+ <option>--on-unit-inactive=</option> or <option>--on-calendar=</option>. This option takes an assignment in the
+ same format as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
+ <command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--no-block</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Do not synchronously wait for the unit start operation to finish. If this option is not specified, the
+ start request for the transient unit will be verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will wait
+ until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This
+ option may not be combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--wait</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Synchronously wait for the transient service to terminate. If this option is specified, the
+ start request for the transient unit is verified, enqueued, and waited for. Subsequently the invoked unit is
+ monitored, and it is waited until it is deactivated again (most likely because the specified command
+ completed). On exit, terse information about the unit's runtime is shown, including total runtime (as well as
+ CPU usage, if <option>--property=CPUAccounting=1</option> was set) and the exit code and status of the main
+ process. This output may be suppressed with <option>--quiet</option>. This option may not be combined with
+ <option>--no-block</option>, <option>--scope</option> or the various timer options.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
+
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option
+ argument become part of the command line of the launched
+ process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument
+ needs to be an absolute binary path.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exit status</title>
+
+ <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ code otherwise.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Logging environment variables provided by systemd to services</title>
+
+ <programlisting># systemd-run env
+Running as unit: run-19945.service
+# journalctl -u run-19945.service
+Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
+Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
+Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
+Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Limiting resources available to a command</title>
+
+ <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This command invokes the
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname>
+ property.</para>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Running commands at a specified time</title>
+
+ <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para>
+
+ <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo
+Mon Dec 8 20:44:24 KST 2014
+Running as unit: run-71.timer
+Will run service as unit: run-71.service
+# journalctl -b -u run-71.timer
+-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
+Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
+Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
+# journalctl -b -u run-71.service
+-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
+Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo...
+Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Allowing access to the tty</title>
+
+ <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename> as a service
+ passing its standard input, output and error to the calling TTY.</para>
+
+ <programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting>
+ </example>
+
+ <example>
+ <title>Start <command>screen</command> as a user service</title>
+
+ <programlisting>$ systemd-run --scope --user screen
+Running scope as unit run-r14b0047ab6df45bfb45e7786cc839e76.scope.
+
+$ screen -ls
+There is a screen on:
+ 492..laptop (Detached)
+1 Socket in /var/run/screen/S-fatima.
+</programlisting>
+
+ <para>This starts the <command>screen</command> process as a child of the
+ <command>systemd --user</command> process that was started by
+ <filename>user@.service</filename>, in a scope unit. A
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ unit is used instead of a
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ unit, because <command>screen</command> will exit when detaching from the terminal,
+ and a service unit would be terminated. Running <command>screen</command>
+ as a user unit has the advantage that it is not part of the session scope.
+ If <varname>KillUserProcesses=yes</varname> is configured in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>logind.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ the default, the session scope will be terminated when the user logs
+ out of that session.</para>
+
+ <para>The <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically
+ when the user first logs in, and stays around as long as at least one
+ login session is open. After the user logs out of the last session,
+ <filename>user@.service</filename> and all services underneath it
+ are terminated. This behavior is the default, when "lingering" is
+ not enabled for that user. Enabling lingering means that
+ <filename>user@.service</filename> is started automatically during
+ boot, even if the user is not logged in, and that the service is
+ not terminated when the user logs out.</para>
+
+ <para>Enabling lingering allows the user to run processes without being logged in,
+ for example to allow <command>screen</command> to persist after the user logs out,
+ even if the session scope is terminated. In the default configuration, users can
+ enable lingering for themselves:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>$ loginctl enable-linger</programlisting>
+ </example>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>