./move.sh

13 files changed, 10593 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemctl/Makefile b/src/grp-system/systemctl/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a83c552a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemctl/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#  -*- Mode: makefile; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+#
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+#  Copyright 2010-2012 Kay Sievers
+#  Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#  Copyright 2013 David Strauss
+#  Copyright 2016 Luke Shumaker
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+#  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))/../../config.mk
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.head.mk
+
+systemctl_SOURCES = \
+	src/systemctl/systemctl.c
+
+systemctl_LDADD = \
+	libshared.la
+
+$(eval $(value automake2autothing))
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.tail.mk
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemctl.c b/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemctl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c03fca06c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemctl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,7703 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+  Copyright 2013 Marc-Antoine Perennou
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <linux/reboot.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/reboot.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-login.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "bus-common-errors.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-message.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "cgroup-show.h"
+#include "cgroup-util.h"
+#include "copy.h"
+#include "dropin.h"
+#include "efivars.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "exit-status.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "formats-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "glob-util.h"
+#include "hostname-util.h"
+#include "initreq.h"
+#include "install.h"
+#include "io-util.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "locale-util.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "logs-show.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "path-lookup.h"
+#include "path-util.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "spawn-ask-password-agent.h"
+#include "spawn-polkit-agent.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "unit-name.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "utmp-wtmp.h"
+#include "verbs.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+
+static char **arg_types = NULL;
+static char **arg_states = NULL;
+static char **arg_properties = NULL;
+static bool arg_all = false;
+static enum dependency {
+        DEPENDENCY_FORWARD,
+        DEPENDENCY_REVERSE,
+        DEPENDENCY_AFTER,
+        DEPENDENCY_BEFORE,
+        _DEPENDENCY_MAX
+} arg_dependency = DEPENDENCY_FORWARD;
+static const char *arg_job_mode = "replace";
+static UnitFileScope arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+static bool arg_no_block = false;
+static bool arg_no_legend = false;
+static bool arg_no_pager = false;
+static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
+static bool arg_no_wall = false;
+static bool arg_no_reload = false;
+static bool arg_show_types = false;
+static bool arg_ignore_inhibitors = false;
+static bool arg_dry = false;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static bool arg_full = false;
+static bool arg_recursive = false;
+static int arg_force = 0;
+static bool arg_ask_password = false;
+static bool arg_runtime = false;
+static UnitFilePresetMode arg_preset_mode = UNIT_FILE_PRESET_FULL;
+static char **arg_wall = NULL;
+static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
+static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
+static char *arg_root = NULL;
+static usec_t arg_when = 0;
+static enum action {
+        _ACTION_INVALID,
+        ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
+        ACTION_HALT,
+        ACTION_POWEROFF,
+        ACTION_REBOOT,
+        ACTION_KEXEC,
+        ACTION_EXIT,
+        ACTION_SUSPEND,
+        ACTION_HIBERNATE,
+        ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
+        ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
+        ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
+        ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
+        ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
+        ACTION_RESCUE,
+        ACTION_EMERGENCY,
+        ACTION_DEFAULT,
+        ACTION_RELOAD,
+        ACTION_REEXEC,
+        ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
+        ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
+        _ACTION_MAX
+} arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
+static BusTransport arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL;
+static const char *arg_host = NULL;
+static unsigned arg_lines = 10;
+static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
+static bool arg_plain = false;
+static bool arg_firmware_setup = false;
+static bool arg_now = false;
+
+static int daemon_reload(int argc, char *argv[], void* userdata);
+static int halt_now(enum action a);
+static int check_one_unit(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, const char *good_states, bool quiet);
+
+static bool original_stdout_is_tty;
+
+typedef enum BusFocus {
+        BUS_FULL,      /* The full bus indicated via --system or --user */
+        BUS_MANAGER,   /* The manager itself, possibly directly, possibly via the bus */
+        _BUS_FOCUS_MAX
+} BusFocus;
+
+static sd_bus *busses[_BUS_FOCUS_MAX] = {};
+
+static int acquire_bus(BusFocus focus, sd_bus **ret) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(focus < _BUS_FOCUS_MAX);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        /* We only go directly to the manager, if we are using a local transport */
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+                focus = BUS_FULL;
+
+        if (!busses[focus]) {
+                bool user;
+
+                user = arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+
+                if (focus == BUS_MANAGER)
+                        r = bus_connect_transport_systemd(arg_transport, arg_host, user, &busses[focus]);
+                else
+                        r = bus_connect_transport(arg_transport, arg_host, user, &busses[focus]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to connect to bus: %m");
+
+                (void) sd_bus_set_allow_interactive_authorization(busses[focus], arg_ask_password);
+        }
+
+        *ret = busses[focus];
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void release_busses(void) {
+        BusFocus w;
+
+        for (w = 0; w < _BUS_FOCUS_MAX; w++)
+                busses[w] = sd_bus_flush_close_unref(busses[w]);
+}
+
+static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        if (arg_no_pager)
+                return;
+
+        pager_open(false);
+}
+
+static void ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        /* Open the password agent as a child process if necessary */
+
+        if (!arg_ask_password)
+                return;
+
+        if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
+                return;
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+                return;
+
+        ask_password_agent_open();
+}
+
+static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        /* Open the polkit agent as a child process if necessary */
+
+        if (!arg_ask_password)
+                return;
+
+        if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
+                return;
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+                return;
+
+        polkit_agent_open();
+}
+
+static OutputFlags get_output_flags(void) {
+        return
+                arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
+                arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                colors_enabled() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
+                !arg_quiet * OUTPUT_WARN_CUTOFF;
+}
+
+static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const sd_bus_error *error) {
+        assert(error);
+
+        if (!sd_bus_error_is_set(error))
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) ||
+            sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_ONLY_BY_DEPENDENCY) ||
+            sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_ISOLATION) ||
+            sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_TRANSACTION_IS_DESTRUCTIVE))
+                return EXIT_NOPERMISSION;
+
+        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
+                return EXIT_NOTINSTALLED;
+
+        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_JOB_TYPE_NOT_APPLICABLE) ||
+            sd_bus_error_has_name(error, SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED))
+                return EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED;
+
+        if (sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_LOAD_FAILED))
+                return EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED;
+
+        if (r != 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static bool install_client_side(void) {
+
+        /* Decides when to execute enable/disable/... operations
+         * client-side rather than server-side. */
+
+        if (running_in_chroot() > 0)
+                return true;
+
+        if (sd_booted() <= 0)
+                return true;
+
+        if (!isempty(arg_root))
+                return true;
+
+        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL)
+                return true;
+
+        /* Unsupported environment variable, mostly for debugging purposes */
+        if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMCTL_INSTALL_CLIENT_SIDE") > 0)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const UnitInfo *u = a, *v = b;
+        const char *d1, *d2;
+        int r;
+
+        /* First, order by machine */
+        if (!u->machine && v->machine)
+                return -1;
+        if (u->machine && !v->machine)
+                return 1;
+        if (u->machine && v->machine) {
+                r = strcasecmp(u->machine, v->machine);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* Second, order by unit type */
+        d1 = strrchr(u->id, '.');
+        d2 = strrchr(v->id, '.');
+        if (d1 && d2) {
+                r = strcasecmp(d1, d2);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        /* Third, order by name */
+        return strcasecmp(u->id, v->id);
+}
+
+static bool output_show_unit(const UnitInfo *u, char **patterns) {
+        if (!strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, u->id, FNM_NOESCAPE))
+                return false;
+
+        if (arg_types) {
+                const char *dot;
+
+                dot = strrchr(u->id, '.');
+                if (!dot)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (!strv_find(arg_types, dot+1))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_all)
+                return true;
+
+        if (u->job_id > 0)
+                return true;
+
+        if (streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0])
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static int output_units_list(const UnitInfo *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
+        unsigned circle_len = 0, id_len, max_id_len, load_len, active_len, sub_len, job_len, desc_len;
+        const UnitInfo *u;
+        unsigned n_shown = 0;
+        int job_count = 0;
+
+        max_id_len = strlen("UNIT");
+        load_len = strlen("LOAD");
+        active_len = strlen("ACTIVE");
+        sub_len = strlen("SUB");
+        job_len = strlen("JOB");
+        desc_len = 0;
+
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
+                max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(u->id) + (u->machine ? strlen(u->machine)+1 : 0));
+                load_len = MAX(load_len, strlen(u->load_state));
+                active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
+                sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
+
+                if (u->job_id != 0) {
+                        job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
+                        job_count++;
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_no_legend &&
+                    (streq(u->active_state, "failed") ||
+                     STR_IN_SET(u->load_state, "error", "not-found", "masked")))
+                        circle_len = 2;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_full && original_stdout_is_tty) {
+                unsigned basic_len;
+
+                id_len = MIN(max_id_len, 25u);
+                basic_len = circle_len + 5 + id_len + 5 + active_len + sub_len;
+
+                if (job_count)
+                        basic_len += job_len + 1;
+
+                if (basic_len < (unsigned) columns()) {
+                        unsigned extra_len, incr;
+                        extra_len = columns() - basic_len;
+
+                        /* Either UNIT already got 25, or is fully satisfied.
+                         * Grant up to 25 to DESC now. */
+                        incr = MIN(extra_len, 25u);
+                        desc_len += incr;
+                        extra_len -= incr;
+
+                        /* split the remaining space between UNIT and DESC,
+                         * but do not give UNIT more than it needs. */
+                        if (extra_len > 0) {
+                                incr = MIN(extra_len / 2, max_id_len - id_len);
+                                id_len += incr;
+                                desc_len += extra_len - incr;
+                        }
+                }
+        } else
+                id_len = max_id_len;
+
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL, *j = NULL;
+                const char *on_loaded = "", *off_loaded = "";
+                const char *on_active = "", *off_active = "";
+                const char *on_circle = "", *off_circle = "";
+                const char *id;
+                bool circle = false;
+
+                if (!n_shown && !arg_no_legend) {
+
+                        if (circle_len > 0)
+                                fputs("  ", stdout);
+
+                        printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s ",
+                               id_len, "UNIT",
+                               load_len, "LOAD",
+                               active_len, "ACTIVE",
+                               sub_len, "SUB");
+
+                        if (job_count)
+                                printf("%-*s ", job_len, "JOB");
+
+                        if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
+                                printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
+                        else
+                                printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
+                }
+
+                n_shown++;
+
+                if (STR_IN_SET(u->load_state, "error", "not-found", "masked") && !arg_plain) {
+                        on_loaded = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        on_circle = ansi_highlight_yellow();
+                        off_loaded = off_circle = ansi_normal();
+                        circle = true;
+                } else if (streq(u->active_state, "failed") && !arg_plain) {
+                        on_circle = on_active = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off_circle = off_active = ansi_normal();
+                        circle = true;
+                }
+
+                if (u->machine) {
+                        j = strjoin(u->machine, ":", u->id, NULL);
+                        if (!j)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        id = j;
+                } else
+                        id = u->id;
+
+                if (arg_full) {
+                        e = ellipsize(id, id_len, 33);
+                        if (!e)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        id = e;
+                }
+
+                if (circle_len > 0)
+                        printf("%s%s%s ", on_circle, circle ? draw_special_char(DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE) : " ", off_circle);
+
+                printf("%s%-*s%s %s%-*s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s",
+                       on_active, id_len, id, off_active,
+                       on_loaded, load_len, u->load_state, off_loaded,
+                       on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
+                       sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
+                       job_count ? job_len + 1 : 0, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
+
+                if (desc_len > 0)
+                        printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, u->description);
+                else
+                        printf("%s\n", u->description);
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                const char *on, *off;
+
+                if (n_shown) {
+                        puts("\n"
+                             "LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
+                             "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
+                             "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.");
+                        puts(job_count ? "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n" : "");
+                        on = ansi_highlight();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                } else {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                }
+
+                if (arg_all)
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
+                else
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_unit_list(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *machine,
+                char **patterns,
+                UnitInfo **unit_infos,
+                int c,
+                sd_bus_message **_reply) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        size_t size = c;
+        int r;
+        UnitInfo u;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(unit_infos);
+        assert(_reply);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        &m,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnitsFiltered");
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, arg_states);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list units: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssssouso)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = bus_parse_unit_info(reply, &u)) > 0) {
+                u.machine = machine;
+
+                if (!output_show_unit(&u, patterns))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(*unit_infos, size, c+1))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                (*unit_infos)[c++] = u;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        *_reply = reply;
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static void message_set_freep(Set **set) {
+        sd_bus_message *m;
+
+        while ((m = set_steal_first(*set)))
+                sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+
+        set_free(*set);
+}
+
+static int get_unit_list_recursive(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                char **patterns,
+                UnitInfo **_unit_infos,
+                Set **_replies,
+                char ***_machines) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(message_set_freep) Set *replies;
+        sd_bus_message *reply;
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(_replies);
+        assert(_unit_infos);
+        assert(_machines);
+
+        replies = set_new(NULL);
+        if (!replies)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        c = get_unit_list(bus, NULL, patterns, &unit_infos, 0, &reply);
+        if (c < 0)
+                return c;
+
+        r = set_put(replies, reply);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                sd_bus_message_unref(reply);
+                return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        if (arg_recursive) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **machines = NULL;
+                char **i;
+
+                r = sd_get_machine_names(&machines);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get machine names: %m");
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(i, machines) {
+                        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *container = NULL;
+                        int k;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(&container, *i);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to connect to container %s, ignoring: %m", *i);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        k = get_unit_list(container, *i, patterns, &unit_infos, c, &reply);
+                        if (k < 0)
+                                return k;
+
+                        c = k;
+
+                        r = set_put(replies, reply);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                sd_bus_message_unref(reply);
+                                return log_oom();
+                        }
+                }
+
+                *_machines = machines;
+                machines = NULL;
+        } else
+                *_machines = NULL;
+
+        *_unit_infos = unit_infos;
+        unit_infos = NULL;
+
+        *_replies = replies;
+        replies = NULL;
+
+        return c;
+}
+
+static int list_units(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(message_set_freep) Set *replies = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **machines = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = get_unit_list_recursive(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &unit_infos, &replies, &machines);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        qsort_safe(unit_infos, r, sizeof(UnitInfo), compare_unit_info);
+        return output_units_list(unit_infos, r);
+}
+
+static int get_triggered_units(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char* path,
+                char*** ret) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "Triggers",
+                        &error,
+                        ret);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine triggers: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_listening(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char* unit_path,
+                char*** listening) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *type, *path;
+        int r, n = 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        unit_path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Socket",
+                        "Listen",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "a(ss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get list of listening sockets: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(ss)", &type, &path)) > 0) {
+
+                r = strv_extend(listening, type);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = strv_extend(listening, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                n++;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return n;
+}
+
+struct socket_info {
+        const char *machine;
+        const char* id;
+
+        char* type;
+        char* path;
+
+        /* Note: triggered is a list here, although it almost certainly
+         * will always be one unit. Nevertheless, dbus API allows for multiple
+         * values, so let's follow that. */
+        char** triggered;
+
+        /* The strv above is shared. free is set only in the first one. */
+        bool own_triggered;
+};
+
+static int socket_info_compare(const struct socket_info *a, const struct socket_info *b) {
+        int o;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (!a->machine && b->machine)
+                return -1;
+        if (a->machine && !b->machine)
+                return 1;
+        if (a->machine && b->machine) {
+                o = strcasecmp(a->machine, b->machine);
+                if (o != 0)
+                        return o;
+        }
+
+        o = strcmp(a->path, b->path);
+        if (o == 0)
+                o = strcmp(a->type, b->type);
+
+        return o;
+}
+
+static int output_sockets_list(struct socket_info *socket_infos, unsigned cs) {
+        struct socket_info *s;
+        unsigned pathlen = strlen("LISTEN"),
+                typelen = strlen("TYPE") * arg_show_types,
+                socklen = strlen("UNIT"),
+                servlen = strlen("ACTIVATES");
+        const char *on, *off;
+
+        for (s = socket_infos; s < socket_infos + cs; s++) {
+                unsigned tmp = 0;
+                char **a;
+
+                socklen = MAX(socklen, strlen(s->id));
+                if (arg_show_types)
+                        typelen = MAX(typelen, strlen(s->type));
+                pathlen = MAX(pathlen, strlen(s->path) + (s->machine ? strlen(s->machine)+1 : 0));
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(a, s->triggered)
+                        tmp += strlen(*a) + 2*(a != s->triggered);
+                servlen = MAX(servlen, tmp);
+        }
+
+        if (cs) {
+                if (!arg_no_legend)
+                        printf("%-*s %-*.*s%-*s %s\n",
+                               pathlen, "LISTEN",
+                               typelen + arg_show_types, typelen + arg_show_types, "TYPE ",
+                               socklen, "UNIT",
+                               "ACTIVATES");
+
+                for (s = socket_infos; s < socket_infos + cs; s++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *j = NULL;
+                        const char *path;
+                        char **a;
+
+                        if (s->machine) {
+                                j = strjoin(s->machine, ":", s->path, NULL);
+                                if (!j)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                path = j;
+                        } else
+                                path = s->path;
+
+                        if (arg_show_types)
+                                printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s",
+                                       pathlen, path, typelen, s->type, socklen, s->id);
+                        else
+                                printf("%-*s %-*s",
+                                       pathlen, path, socklen, s->id);
+                        STRV_FOREACH(a, s->triggered)
+                                printf("%s %s",
+                                       a == s->triggered ? "" : ",", *a);
+                        printf("\n");
+                }
+
+                on = ansi_highlight();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+                if (!arg_no_legend)
+                        printf("\n");
+        } else {
+                on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                printf("%s%u sockets listed.%s\n", on, cs, off);
+                if (!arg_all)
+                        printf("Pass --all to see loaded but inactive sockets, too.\n");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_sockets(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(message_set_freep) Set *replies = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **machines = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ struct socket_info *socket_infos = NULL;
+        const UnitInfo *u;
+        struct socket_info *s;
+        unsigned cs = 0;
+        size_t size = 0;
+        int r = 0, n;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = get_unit_list_recursive(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &unit_infos, &replies, &machines);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + n; u++) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **listening = NULL, **triggered = NULL;
+                int i, c;
+
+                if (!endswith(u->id, ".socket"))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = get_triggered_units(bus, u->unit_path, &triggered);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto cleanup;
+
+                c = get_listening(bus, u->unit_path, &listening);
+                if (c < 0) {
+                        r = c;
+                        goto cleanup;
+                }
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(socket_infos, size, cs + c)) {
+                        r = log_oom();
+                        goto cleanup;
+                }
+
+                for (i = 0; i < c; i++)
+                        socket_infos[cs + i] = (struct socket_info) {
+                                .machine = u->machine,
+                                .id = u->id,
+                                .type = listening[i*2],
+                                .path = listening[i*2 + 1],
+                                .triggered = triggered,
+                                .own_triggered = i==0,
+                        };
+
+                /* from this point on we will cleanup those socket_infos */
+                cs += c;
+                free(listening);
+                listening = triggered = NULL; /* avoid cleanup */
+        }
+
+        qsort_safe(socket_infos, cs, sizeof(struct socket_info),
+                   (__compar_fn_t) socket_info_compare);
+
+        output_sockets_list(socket_infos, cs);
+
+ cleanup:
+        assert(cs == 0 || socket_infos);
+        for (s = socket_infos; s < socket_infos + cs; s++) {
+                free(s->type);
+                free(s->path);
+                if (s->own_triggered)
+                        strv_free(s->triggered);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int get_next_elapse(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                dual_timestamp *next) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        dual_timestamp t;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(next);
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Timer",
+                        "NextElapseUSecMonotonic",
+                        &error,
+                        't',
+                        &t.monotonic);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get next elapsation time: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Timer",
+                        "NextElapseUSecRealtime",
+                        &error,
+                        't',
+                        &t.realtime);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get next elapsation time: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        *next = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_last_trigger(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                usec_t *last) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(path);
+        assert(last);
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Timer",
+                        "LastTriggerUSec",
+                        &error,
+                        't',
+                        last);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get last trigger time: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+struct timer_info {
+        const char* machine;
+        const char* id;
+        usec_t next_elapse;
+        usec_t last_trigger;
+        char** triggered;
+};
+
+static int timer_info_compare(const struct timer_info *a, const struct timer_info *b) {
+        int o;
+
+        assert(a);
+        assert(b);
+
+        if (!a->machine && b->machine)
+                return -1;
+        if (a->machine && !b->machine)
+                return 1;
+        if (a->machine && b->machine) {
+                o = strcasecmp(a->machine, b->machine);
+                if (o != 0)
+                        return o;
+        }
+
+        if (a->next_elapse < b->next_elapse)
+                return -1;
+        if (a->next_elapse > b->next_elapse)
+                return 1;
+
+        return strcmp(a->id, b->id);
+}
+
+static int output_timers_list(struct timer_info *timer_infos, unsigned n) {
+        struct timer_info *t;
+        unsigned
+                nextlen = strlen("NEXT"),
+                leftlen = strlen("LEFT"),
+                lastlen = strlen("LAST"),
+                passedlen = strlen("PASSED"),
+                unitlen = strlen("UNIT"),
+                activatelen = strlen("ACTIVATES");
+
+        const char *on, *off;
+
+        assert(timer_infos || n == 0);
+
+        for (t = timer_infos; t < timer_infos + n; t++) {
+                unsigned ul = 0;
+                char **a;
+
+                if (t->next_elapse > 0) {
+                        char tstamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX] = "", trel[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX] = "";
+
+                        format_timestamp(tstamp, sizeof(tstamp), t->next_elapse);
+                        nextlen = MAX(nextlen, strlen(tstamp) + 1);
+
+                        format_timestamp_relative(trel, sizeof(trel), t->next_elapse);
+                        leftlen = MAX(leftlen, strlen(trel));
+                }
+
+                if (t->last_trigger > 0) {
+                        char tstamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX] = "", trel[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX] = "";
+
+                        format_timestamp(tstamp, sizeof(tstamp), t->last_trigger);
+                        lastlen = MAX(lastlen, strlen(tstamp) + 1);
+
+                        format_timestamp_relative(trel, sizeof(trel), t->last_trigger);
+                        passedlen = MAX(passedlen, strlen(trel));
+                }
+
+                unitlen = MAX(unitlen, strlen(t->id) + (t->machine ? strlen(t->machine)+1 : 0));
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(a, t->triggered)
+                        ul += strlen(*a) + 2*(a != t->triggered);
+
+                activatelen = MAX(activatelen, ul);
+        }
+
+        if (n > 0) {
+                if (!arg_no_legend)
+                        printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %s\n",
+                               nextlen,   "NEXT",
+                               leftlen,   "LEFT",
+                               lastlen,   "LAST",
+                               passedlen, "PASSED",
+                               unitlen,   "UNIT",
+                                          "ACTIVATES");
+
+                for (t = timer_infos; t < timer_infos + n; t++) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *j = NULL;
+                        const char *unit;
+                        char tstamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX] = "n/a", trel1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX] = "n/a";
+                        char tstamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX] = "n/a", trel2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX] = "n/a";
+                        char **a;
+
+                        format_timestamp(tstamp1, sizeof(tstamp1), t->next_elapse);
+                        format_timestamp_relative(trel1, sizeof(trel1), t->next_elapse);
+
+                        format_timestamp(tstamp2, sizeof(tstamp2), t->last_trigger);
+                        format_timestamp_relative(trel2, sizeof(trel2), t->last_trigger);
+
+                        if (t->machine) {
+                                j = strjoin(t->machine, ":", t->id, NULL);
+                                if (!j)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                unit = j;
+                        } else
+                                unit = t->id;
+
+                        printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s",
+                               nextlen, tstamp1, leftlen, trel1, lastlen, tstamp2, passedlen, trel2, unitlen, unit);
+
+                        STRV_FOREACH(a, t->triggered)
+                                printf("%s %s",
+                                       a == t->triggered ? "" : ",", *a);
+                        printf("\n");
+                }
+
+                on = ansi_highlight();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+                if (!arg_no_legend)
+                        printf("\n");
+        } else {
+                on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                printf("%s%u timers listed.%s\n", on, n, off);
+                if (!arg_all)
+                        printf("Pass --all to see loaded but inactive timers, too.\n");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static usec_t calc_next_elapse(dual_timestamp *nw, dual_timestamp *next) {
+        usec_t next_elapse;
+
+        assert(nw);
+        assert(next);
+
+        if (next->monotonic != USEC_INFINITY && next->monotonic > 0) {
+                usec_t converted;
+
+                if (next->monotonic > nw->monotonic)
+                        converted = nw->realtime + (next->monotonic - nw->monotonic);
+                else
+                        converted = nw->realtime - (nw->monotonic - next->monotonic);
+
+                if (next->realtime != USEC_INFINITY && next->realtime > 0)
+                        next_elapse = MIN(converted, next->realtime);
+                else
+                        next_elapse = converted;
+
+        } else
+                next_elapse = next->realtime;
+
+        return next_elapse;
+}
+
+static int list_timers(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(message_set_freep) Set *replies = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **machines = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ struct timer_info *timer_infos = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+        struct timer_info *t;
+        const UnitInfo *u;
+        size_t size = 0;
+        int n, c = 0;
+        dual_timestamp nw;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        n = get_unit_list_recursive(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), &unit_infos, &replies, &machines);
+        if (n < 0)
+                return n;
+
+        dual_timestamp_get(&nw);
+
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + n; u++) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **triggered = NULL;
+                dual_timestamp next = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+                usec_t m, last = 0;
+
+                if (!endswith(u->id, ".timer"))
+                        continue;
+
+                r = get_triggered_units(bus, u->unit_path, &triggered);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto cleanup;
+
+                r = get_next_elapse(bus, u->unit_path, &next);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto cleanup;
+
+                get_last_trigger(bus, u->unit_path, &last);
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(timer_infos, size, c+1)) {
+                        r = log_oom();
+                        goto cleanup;
+                }
+
+                m = calc_next_elapse(&nw, &next);
+
+                timer_infos[c++] = (struct timer_info) {
+                        .machine = u->machine,
+                        .id = u->id,
+                        .next_elapse = m,
+                        .last_trigger = last,
+                        .triggered = triggered,
+                };
+
+                triggered = NULL; /* avoid cleanup */
+        }
+
+        qsort_safe(timer_infos, c, sizeof(struct timer_info),
+                   (__compar_fn_t) timer_info_compare);
+
+        output_timers_list(timer_infos, c);
+
+ cleanup:
+        for (t = timer_infos; t < timer_infos + c; t++)
+                strv_free(t->triggered);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int compare_unit_file_list(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const char *d1, *d2;
+        const UnitFileList *u = a, *v = b;
+
+        d1 = strrchr(u->path, '.');
+        d2 = strrchr(v->path, '.');
+
+        if (d1 && d2) {
+                int r;
+
+                r = strcasecmp(d1, d2);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return strcasecmp(basename(u->path), basename(v->path));
+}
+
+static bool output_show_unit_file(const UnitFileList *u, char **patterns) {
+        if (!strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, basename(u->path), FNM_NOESCAPE))
+                return false;
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_types)) {
+                const char *dot;
+
+                dot = strrchr(u->path, '.');
+                if (!dot)
+                        return false;
+
+                if (!strv_find(arg_types, dot+1))
+                        return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(arg_states) &&
+            !strv_find(arg_states, unit_file_state_to_string(u->state)))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
+        unsigned max_id_len, id_cols, state_cols;
+        const UnitFileList *u;
+
+        max_id_len = strlen("UNIT FILE");
+        state_cols = strlen("STATE");
+
+        for (u = units; u < units + c; u++) {
+                max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(basename(u->path)));
+                state_cols = MAX(state_cols, strlen(unit_file_state_to_string(u->state)));
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_full) {
+                unsigned basic_cols;
+
+                id_cols = MIN(max_id_len, 25u);
+                basic_cols = 1 + id_cols + state_cols;
+                if (basic_cols < (unsigned) columns())
+                        id_cols += MIN(columns() - basic_cols, max_id_len - id_cols);
+        } else
+                id_cols = max_id_len;
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                printf("%-*s %-*s\n",
+                       id_cols, "UNIT FILE",
+                       state_cols, "STATE");
+
+        for (u = units; u < units + c; u++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+                const char *on, *off;
+                const char *id;
+
+                if (IN_SET(u->state,
+                           UNIT_FILE_MASKED,
+                           UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME,
+                           UNIT_FILE_DISABLED,
+                           UNIT_FILE_BAD)) {
+                        on  = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                } else if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED) {
+                        on  = ansi_highlight_green();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                } else
+                        on = off = "";
+
+                id = basename(u->path);
+
+                e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(id, id_cols, 33);
+
+                printf("%-*s %s%-*s%s\n",
+                       id_cols, e ? e : id,
+                       on, state_cols, unit_file_state_to_string(u->state), off);
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                printf("\n%u unit files listed.\n", c);
+}
+
+static int list_unit_files(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitFileList *units = NULL;
+        UnitFileList *unit;
+        size_t size = 0;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        const char *state;
+        char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                Hashmap *h;
+                UnitFileList *u;
+                Iterator i;
+                unsigned n_units;
+
+                h = hashmap_new(&string_hash_ops);
+                if (!h)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        unit_file_list_free(h);
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit file list: %m");
+                }
+
+                n_units = hashmap_size(h);
+
+                units = new(UnitFileList, n_units);
+                if (!units && n_units > 0) {
+                        unit_file_list_free(h);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH(u, h, i) {
+                        if (!output_show_unit_file(u, strv_skip(argv, 1)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        units[c++] = *u;
+                        free(u);
+                }
+
+                assert(c <= n_units);
+                hashmap_free(h);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ListUnitFiles",
+                                &error,
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list unit files: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(ss)", &path, &state)) > 0) {
+
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(units, size, c + 1))
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        units[c] = (struct UnitFileList) {
+                                path,
+                                unit_file_state_from_string(state)
+                        };
+
+                        if (output_show_unit_file(&units[c], strv_skip(argv, 1)))
+                                c ++;
+
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        qsort_safe(units, c, sizeof(UnitFileList), compare_unit_file_list);
+        output_unit_file_list(units, c);
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                for (unit = units; unit < units + c; unit++)
+                        free(unit->path);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_print(const char *name, int level, unsigned int branches, bool last) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        size_t max_len = MAX(columns(),20u);
+        size_t len = 0;
+        int i;
+
+        if (!arg_plain) {
+
+                for (i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                        len += 2;
+                        if (len > max_len - 3 && !arg_full) {
+                                printf("%s...\n",max_len % 2 ? "" : " ");
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+                        printf("%s", draw_special_char(branches & (1 << i) ? DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL : DRAW_TREE_SPACE));
+                }
+                len += 2;
+
+                if (len > max_len - 3 && !arg_full) {
+                        printf("%s...\n",max_len % 2 ? "" : " ");
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                printf("%s", draw_special_char(last ? DRAW_TREE_RIGHT : DRAW_TREE_BRANCH));
+        }
+
+        if (arg_full){
+                printf("%s\n", name);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        n = ellipsize(name, max_len-len, 100);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%s\n", n);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, char ***deps) {
+
+        static const char *dependencies[_DEPENDENCY_MAX] = {
+                [DEPENDENCY_FORWARD] = "Requires\0"
+                                       "Requisite\0"
+                                       "Wants\0"
+                                       "ConsistsOf\0"
+                                       "BindsTo\0",
+                [DEPENDENCY_REVERSE] = "RequiredBy\0"
+                                       "RequisiteOf\0"
+                                       "WantedBy\0"
+                                       "PartOf\0"
+                                       "BoundBy\0",
+                [DEPENDENCY_AFTER]   = "After\0",
+                [DEPENDENCY_BEFORE]  = "Before\0",
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **ret = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(deps);
+        assert_cc(ELEMENTSOF(dependencies) == _DEPENDENCY_MAX);
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s", "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get properties of %s: %s", name, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, "sv")) > 0) {
+                const char *prop;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &prop);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (!nulstr_contains(dependencies[arg_dependency], prop)) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_skip(reply, "v");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                } else {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, "as");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = bus_message_read_strv_extend(reply, &ret);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        *deps = ret;
+        ret = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
+        const char **a = (const char**) _a, **b = (const char**) _b;
+
+        if (unit_name_to_type(*a) == UNIT_TARGET && unit_name_to_type(*b) != UNIT_TARGET)
+                return 1;
+        if (unit_name_to_type(*a) != UNIT_TARGET && unit_name_to_type(*b) == UNIT_TARGET)
+                return -1;
+
+        return strcasecmp(*a, *b);
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies_one(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name,
+                int level,
+                char ***units,
+                unsigned int branches) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **deps = NULL;
+        char **c;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(units);
+
+        r = strv_extend(units, name);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = list_dependencies_get_dependencies(bus, name, &deps);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        qsort_safe(deps, strv_length(deps), sizeof (char*), list_dependencies_compare);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
+                if (strv_contains(*units, *c)) {
+                        if (!arg_plain) {
+                                r = list_dependencies_print("...", level + 1, (branches << 1) | (c[1] == NULL ? 0 : 1), 1);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (arg_plain)
+                        printf("  ");
+                else {
+                        int state;
+                        const char *on;
+
+                        state = check_one_unit(bus, *c, "activating\0active\0reloading\0", true);
+                        on = state > 0 ? ansi_highlight_green() : ansi_highlight_red();
+                        printf("%s%s%s ", on, draw_special_char(DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE), ansi_normal());
+                }
+
+                r = list_dependencies_print(*c, level, branches, c[1] == NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (arg_all || unit_name_to_type(*c) == UNIT_TARGET) {
+                       r = list_dependencies_one(bus, *c, level + 1, units, (branches << 1) | (c[1] == NULL ? 0 : 1));
+                       if (r < 0)
+                               return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_plain)
+                strv_remove(*units, name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_dependencies(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **units = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+        const char *u;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        if (argv[1]) {
+                r = unit_name_mangle(argv[1], UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, &unit);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+                u = unit;
+        } else
+                u = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        puts(u);
+
+        return list_dependencies_one(bus, u, 0, &units, 0);
+}
+
+struct machine_info {
+        bool is_host;
+        char *name;
+        char *state;
+        char *control_group;
+        uint32_t n_failed_units;
+        uint32_t n_jobs;
+        usec_t timestamp;
+};
+
+static const struct bus_properties_map machine_info_property_map[] = {
+        { "SystemState",        "s", NULL, offsetof(struct machine_info, state)          },
+        { "NJobs",              "u", NULL, offsetof(struct machine_info, n_jobs)         },
+        { "NFailedUnits",       "u", NULL, offsetof(struct machine_info, n_failed_units) },
+        { "ControlGroup",       "s", NULL, offsetof(struct machine_info, control_group)  },
+        { "UserspaceTimestamp", "t", NULL, offsetof(struct machine_info, timestamp)      },
+        {}
+};
+
+static void machine_info_clear(struct machine_info *info) {
+        if (info) {
+                free(info->name);
+                free(info->state);
+                free(info->control_group);
+                zero(*info);
+        }
+}
+
+static void free_machines_list(struct machine_info *machine_infos, int n) {
+        int i;
+
+        if (!machine_infos)
+                return;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                machine_info_clear(&machine_infos[i]);
+
+        free(machine_infos);
+}
+
+static int compare_machine_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        const struct machine_info *u = a, *v = b;
+
+        if (u->is_host != v->is_host)
+                return u->is_host > v->is_host ? -1 : 1;
+
+        return strcasecmp(u->name, v->name);
+}
+
+static int get_machine_properties(sd_bus *bus, struct machine_info *mi) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_flush_close_unrefp) sd_bus *container = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(mi);
+
+        if (!bus) {
+                r = sd_bus_open_system_machine(&container, mi->name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                bus = container;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(bus, "org.freedesktop.systemd1", "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", machine_info_property_map, mi);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static bool output_show_machine(const char *name, char **patterns) {
+        return strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, name, FNM_NOESCAPE);
+}
+
+static int get_machine_list(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                struct machine_info **_machine_infos,
+                char **patterns) {
+
+        struct machine_info *machine_infos = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hn = NULL;
+        size_t sz = 0;
+        char **i;
+        int c = 0, r;
+
+        hn = gethostname_malloc();
+        if (!hn)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (output_show_machine(hn, patterns)) {
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(machine_infos, sz, c+1))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                machine_infos[c].is_host = true;
+                machine_infos[c].name = hn;
+                hn = NULL;
+
+                get_machine_properties(bus, &machine_infos[c]);
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_get_machine_names(&m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get machine list: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, m) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *class = NULL;
+
+                if (!output_show_machine(*i, patterns))
+                        continue;
+
+                sd_machine_get_class(*i, &class);
+                if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC0(machine_infos, sz, c+1)) {
+                        free_machines_list(machine_infos, c);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                machine_infos[c].is_host = false;
+                machine_infos[c].name = strdup(*i);
+                if (!machine_infos[c].name) {
+                        free_machines_list(machine_infos, c);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                get_machine_properties(NULL, &machine_infos[c]);
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        *_machine_infos = machine_infos;
+        return c;
+}
+
+static void output_machines_list(struct machine_info *machine_infos, unsigned n) {
+        struct machine_info *m;
+        unsigned
+                circle_len = 0,
+                namelen = sizeof("NAME") - 1,
+                statelen = sizeof("STATE") - 1,
+                failedlen = sizeof("FAILED") - 1,
+                jobslen = sizeof("JOBS") - 1;
+
+        assert(machine_infos || n == 0);
+
+        for (m = machine_infos; m < machine_infos + n; m++) {
+                namelen = MAX(namelen, strlen(m->name) + (m->is_host ? sizeof(" (host)") - 1 : 0));
+                statelen = MAX(statelen, m->state ? strlen(m->state) : 0);
+                failedlen = MAX(failedlen, DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(m->n_failed_units));
+                jobslen = MAX(jobslen, DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(m->n_jobs));
+
+                if (!arg_plain && !streq_ptr(m->state, "running"))
+                        circle_len = 2;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                if (circle_len > 0)
+                        fputs("  ", stdout);
+
+                printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s\n",
+                         namelen, "NAME",
+                        statelen, "STATE",
+                       failedlen, "FAILED",
+                         jobslen, "JOBS");
+        }
+
+        for (m = machine_infos; m < machine_infos + n; m++) {
+                const char *on_state = "", *off_state = "";
+                const char *on_failed = "", *off_failed = "";
+                bool circle = false;
+
+                if (streq_ptr(m->state, "degraded")) {
+                        on_state = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off_state = ansi_normal();
+                        circle = true;
+                } else if (!streq_ptr(m->state, "running")) {
+                        on_state = ansi_highlight_yellow();
+                        off_state = ansi_normal();
+                        circle = true;
+                }
+
+                if (m->n_failed_units > 0) {
+                        on_failed = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off_failed = ansi_normal();
+                } else
+                        on_failed = off_failed = "";
+
+                if (circle_len > 0)
+                        printf("%s%s%s ", on_state, circle ? draw_special_char(DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE) : " ", off_state);
+
+                if (m->is_host)
+                        printf("%-*s (host) %s%-*s%s %s%*u%s %*u\n",
+                               (int) (namelen - (sizeof(" (host)")-1)), strna(m->name),
+                               on_state, statelen, strna(m->state), off_state,
+                               on_failed, failedlen, m->n_failed_units, off_failed,
+                               jobslen, m->n_jobs);
+                else
+                        printf("%-*s %s%-*s%s %s%*u%s %*u\n",
+                               namelen, strna(m->name),
+                               on_state, statelen, strna(m->state), off_state,
+                               on_failed, failedlen, m->n_failed_units, off_failed,
+                               jobslen, m->n_jobs);
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                printf("\n%u machines listed.\n", n);
+}
+
+static int list_machines(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        struct machine_info *machine_infos = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        if (geteuid() != 0) {
+                log_error("Must be root.");
+                return -EPERM;
+        }
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = get_machine_list(bus, &machine_infos, strv_skip(argv, 1));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        qsort_safe(machine_infos, r, sizeof(struct machine_info), compare_machine_info);
+        output_machines_list(machine_infos, r);
+        free_machines_list(machine_infos, r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_default(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *_path = NULL;
+        const char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                r = unit_file_get_default(arg_scope, arg_root, &_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get default target: %m");
+                path = _path;
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "GetDefaultTarget",
+                                &error,
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+
+        if (path)
+                printf("%s\n", path);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void dump_unit_file_changes(const UnitFileChange *changes, unsigned n_changes) {
+        unsigned i;
+
+        assert(changes || n_changes == 0);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n_changes; i++) {
+                if (changes[i].type == UNIT_FILE_SYMLINK)
+                        log_info("Created symlink %s, pointing to %s.", changes[i].path, changes[i].source);
+                else
+                        log_info("Removed symlink %s.", changes[i].path);
+        }
+}
+
+static int set_default(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 2);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(argv[1], UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".target", &unit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
+                unsigned n_changes = 0;
+
+                r = unit_file_set_default(arg_scope, arg_root, unit, true, &changes, &n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default target: %m");
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
+
+                unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+                r = 0;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "SetDefaultTarget",
+                                &error,
+                                &reply,
+                                "sb", unit, 1);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Try to reload if enabled */
+                if (!arg_no_reload)
+                        r = daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+                else
+                        r = 0;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+struct job_info {
+        uint32_t id;
+        const char *name, *type, *state;
+};
+
+static void output_jobs_list(const struct job_info* jobs, unsigned n, bool skipped) {
+        unsigned id_len, unit_len, type_len, state_len;
+        const struct job_info *j;
+        const char *on, *off;
+        bool shorten = false;
+
+        assert(n == 0 || jobs);
+
+        if (n == 0) {
+                if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_green();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+
+                        printf("%sNo jobs %s.%s\n", on, skipped ? "listed" : "running", off);
+                }
+                return;
+        }
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        id_len = strlen("JOB");
+        unit_len = strlen("UNIT");
+        type_len = strlen("TYPE");
+        state_len = strlen("STATE");
+
+        for (j = jobs; j < jobs + n; j++) {
+                uint32_t id = j->id;
+                assert(j->name && j->type && j->state);
+
+                id_len = MAX(id_len, DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(id));
+                unit_len = MAX(unit_len, strlen(j->name));
+                type_len = MAX(type_len, strlen(j->type));
+                state_len = MAX(state_len, strlen(j->state));
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_full && id_len + 1 + unit_len + type_len + 1 + state_len > columns()) {
+                unit_len = MAX(33u, columns() - id_len - type_len - state_len - 3);
+                shorten = true;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                printf("%*s %-*s %-*s %-*s\n",
+                       id_len, "JOB",
+                       unit_len, "UNIT",
+                       type_len, "TYPE",
+                       state_len, "STATE");
+
+        for (j = jobs; j < jobs + n; j++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *e = NULL;
+
+                if (streq(j->state, "running")) {
+                        on = ansi_highlight();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                } else
+                        on = off = "";
+
+                e = shorten ? ellipsize(j->name, unit_len, 33) : NULL;
+                printf("%*u %s%-*s%s %-*s %s%-*s%s\n",
+                       id_len, j->id,
+                       on, unit_len, e ? e : j->name, off,
+                       type_len, j->type,
+                       on, state_len, j->state, off);
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend) {
+                on = ansi_highlight();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+
+                printf("\n%s%u jobs listed%s.\n", on, n, off);
+        }
+}
+
+static bool output_show_job(struct job_info *job, char **patterns) {
+        return strv_fnmatch_or_empty(patterns, job->name, FNM_NOESCAPE);
+}
+
+static int list_jobs(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
+        _cleanup_free_ struct job_info *jobs = NULL;
+        size_t size = 0;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        uint32_t id;
+        int r;
+        bool skipped = false;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListJobs",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list jobs: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, 'a', "(usssoo)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(usssoo)", &id, &name, &type, &state, &job_path, &unit_path)) > 0) {
+                struct job_info job = { id, name, type, state };
+
+                if (!output_show_job(&job, strv_skip(argv, 1))) {
+                        skipped = true;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(jobs, size, c + 1))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                jobs[c++] = job;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        output_jobs_list(jobs, c, skipped);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int cancel_job(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        char **name;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        if (argc <= 1)
+                return daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                uint32_t id;
+                int q;
+
+                q = safe_atou32(*name, &id);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(q, "Failed to parse job id \"%s\": %m", *name);
+
+                q = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "CancelJob",
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                "u", id);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(q, "Failed to cancel job %"PRIu32": %s", id, bus_error_message(&error, q));
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                r = q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int need_daemon_reload(sd_bus *bus, const char *unit) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *path;
+        int b, r;
+
+        /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a
+         * warning only */
+
+        /* We don't use unit_dbus_path_from_name() directly since we
+         * don't want to load the unit if it isn't loaded. */
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        NULL,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s", unit);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_trivial(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "NeedDaemonReload",
+                        NULL,
+                        'b', &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return b;
+}
+
+static void warn_unit_file_changed(const char *name) {
+        log_warning("%sWarning:%s %s changed on disk. Run 'systemctl%s daemon-reload' to reload units.",
+                    ansi_highlight_red(),
+                    ansi_normal(),
+                    name,
+                    arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "" : " --user");
+}
+
+static int unit_file_find_path(LookupPaths *lp, const char *unit_name, char **unit_path) {
+        char **p;
+
+        assert(lp);
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(unit_path);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, lp->unit_path) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path;
+
+                path = path_join(arg_root, *p, unit_name);
+                if (!path)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (access(path, F_OK) == 0) {
+                        *unit_path = path;
+                        path = NULL;
+                        return 1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_find_paths(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *unit_name,
+                LookupPaths *lp,
+                char **fragment_path,
+                char ***dropin_paths) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dropins = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        /**
+         * Finds where the unit is defined on disk. Returns 0 if the unit
+         * is not found. Returns 1 if it is found, and sets
+         * - the path to the unit in *path, if it exists on disk,
+         * - and a strv of existing drop-ins in *dropins,
+         *   if the arg is not NULL and any dropins were found.
+         */
+
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(fragment_path);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (!install_client_side() && !unit_name_is_valid(unit_name, UNIT_NAME_TEMPLATE)) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+
+                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(unit_name);
+                if (!unit)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                unit,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "FragmentPath",
+                                &error,
+                                &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get FragmentPath: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                if (dropin_paths) {
+                        r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
+                                        bus,
+                                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                        unit,
+                                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                        "DropInPaths",
+                                        &error,
+                                        &dropins);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get DropInPaths: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                }
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_set_free_ Set *names;
+
+                names = set_new(NULL);
+                if (!names)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = set_put(names, unit_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add unit name: %m");
+
+                r = unit_file_find_path(lp, unit_name, &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *template = NULL;
+
+                        r = unit_name_template(unit_name, &template);
+                        if (r < 0 && r != -EINVAL)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine template name: %m");
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                r = unit_file_find_path(lp, template, &path);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if (dropin_paths) {
+                        r = unit_file_find_dropin_paths(lp->unit_path, NULL, names, &dropins);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+        if (!isempty(path)) {
+                *fragment_path = path;
+                path = NULL;
+                r = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (dropin_paths && !strv_isempty(dropins)) {
+                *dropin_paths = dropins;
+                dropins = NULL;
+                r = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (r == 0)
+                log_error("No files found for %s.", unit_name);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int check_one_unit(sd_bus *bus, const char *name, const char *good_states, bool quiet) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
+        const char *path, *state;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        /* We don't use unit_dbus_path_from_name() directly since we don't want to load the unit unnecessarily, if it
+         * isn't loaded. */
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s", name);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!sd_bus_error_has_name(&error,  BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to retrieve unit: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                /* The unit is currently not loaded, hence say it's "inactive", since all units that aren't loaded are
+                 * considered inactive. */
+                state = "inactive";
+
+        } else {
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                path,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                                "ActiveState",
+                                &error,
+                                &buf);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to retrieve unit state: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                state = buf;
+        }
+
+        if (!quiet)
+                puts(state);
+
+        return nulstr_contains(good_states, state);
+}
+
+static int check_triggering_units(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *name) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *n = NULL, *state = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **triggered_by = NULL;
+        bool print_warning_label = true;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+
+        r = unit_name_mangle(name, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
+        if (!path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "LoadState",
+                        &error,
+                        &state);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get load state of %s: %s", n, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        if (streq(state, "masked"))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_strv(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                        "TriggeredBy",
+                        &error,
+                        &triggered_by);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get triggered by array of %s: %s", n, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, triggered_by) {
+                r = check_one_unit(bus, *i, "active\0reloading\0", true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to check unit: %m");
+
+                if (r == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (print_warning_label) {
+                        log_warning("Warning: Stopping %s, but it can still be activated by:", n);
+                        print_warning_label = false;
+                }
+
+                log_warning("  %s", *i);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct {
+        const char *verb;
+        const char *method;
+} unit_actions[] = {
+        { "start",                 "StartUnit" },
+        { "stop",                  "StopUnit" },
+        { "condstop",              "StopUnit" },
+        { "reload",                "ReloadUnit" },
+        { "restart",               "RestartUnit" },
+        { "try-restart",           "TryRestartUnit" },
+        { "condrestart",           "TryRestartUnit" },
+        { "reload-or-restart",     "ReloadOrRestartUnit" },
+        { "try-reload-or-restart", "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" },
+        { "reload-or-try-restart", "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" },
+        { "condreload",            "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" },
+        { "force-reload",          "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" }
+};
+
+static const char *verb_to_method(const char *verb) {
+       uint i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(unit_actions); i++)
+                if (streq_ptr(unit_actions[i].verb, verb))
+                        return unit_actions[i].method;
+
+       return "StartUnit";
+}
+
+static const char *method_to_verb(const char *method) {
+       uint i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(unit_actions); i++)
+                if (streq_ptr(unit_actions[i].method, method))
+                        return unit_actions[i].verb;
+
+       return "n/a";
+}
+
+static int start_unit_one(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *method,
+                const char *name,
+                const char *mode,
+                sd_bus_error *error,
+                BusWaitForJobs *w) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(method);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(mode);
+        assert(error);
+
+        log_debug("Calling manager for %s on %s, %s", method, name, mode);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "ss", name, mode);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                const char *verb;
+
+                if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
+                        /* There's always a fallback possible for
+                         * legacy actions. */
+                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+                verb = method_to_verb(method);
+
+                log_error("Failed to %s %s: %s", verb, name, bus_error_message(error, r));
+
+                if (!sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT) &&
+                    !sd_bus_error_has_name(error, BUS_ERROR_UNIT_MASKED))
+                        log_error("See system logs and 'systemctl status %s' for details.", name);
+
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name) > 0)
+                warn_unit_file_changed(name);
+
+        if (w) {
+                log_debug("Adding %s to the set", path);
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_add(w, path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int expand_names(sd_bus *bus, char **names, const char* suffix, char ***ret) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **mangled = NULL, **globs = NULL;
+        char **name;
+        int r, i;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                char *t;
+
+                if (suffix)
+                        r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(*name, UNIT_NAME_GLOB, suffix, &t);
+                else
+                        r = unit_name_mangle(*name, UNIT_NAME_GLOB, &t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle name: %m");
+
+                if (string_is_glob(t))
+                        r = strv_consume(&globs, t);
+                else
+                        r = strv_consume(&mangled, t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        /* Query the manager only if any of the names are a glob, since
+         * this is fairly expensive */
+        if (!strv_isempty(globs)) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+                size_t allocated, n;
+
+                r = get_unit_list(bus, NULL, globs, &unit_infos, 0, &reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                n = strv_length(mangled);
+                allocated = n + 1;
+
+                for (i = 0; i < r; i++) {
+                        if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(mangled, allocated, n+2))
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        mangled[n] = strdup(unit_infos[i].id);
+                        if (!mangled[n])
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        mangled[++n] = NULL;
+                }
+        }
+
+        *ret = mangled;
+        mangled = NULL; /* do not free */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct {
+        const char *target;
+        const char *verb;
+        const char *mode;
+} action_table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
+        [ACTION_HALT]         = { SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,         "halt",         "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_POWEROFF]     = { SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,     "poweroff",     "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_REBOOT]       = { SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,       "reboot",       "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_KEXEC]        = { SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,        "kexec",        "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2]    = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,   NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3]    = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,   NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4]    = { SPECIAL_MULTI_USER_TARGET,   NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5]    = { SPECIAL_GRAPHICAL_TARGET,    NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RESCUE]       = { SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,       "rescue",       "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_EMERGENCY]    = { SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,    "emergency",    "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_DEFAULT]      = { SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,      "default",      "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_EXIT]         = { SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,         "exit",         "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_SUSPEND]      = { SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,      "suspend",      "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_HIBERNATE]    = { SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET,    "hibernate",    "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = { SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET, "hybrid-sleep", "replace-irreversibly" },
+};
+
+static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
+        enum action i;
+
+        for (i = _ACTION_INVALID; i < _ACTION_MAX; i++)
+                if (streq_ptr(action_table[i].verb, verb))
+                        return i;
+
+        return _ACTION_INVALID;
+}
+
+static int start_unit(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(bus_wait_for_jobs_freep) BusWaitForJobs *w = NULL;
+        const char *method, *mode, *one_name, *suffix = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        char **name;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled();
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
+                enum action action;
+
+                method = verb_to_method(argv[0]);
+                action = verb_to_action(argv[0]);
+
+                if (streq(argv[0], "isolate")) {
+                        mode = "isolate";
+                        suffix = ".target";
+                } else
+                        mode = action_table[action].mode ?: arg_job_mode;
+
+                one_name = action_table[action].target;
+        } else {
+                assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(action_table));
+                assert(action_table[arg_action].target);
+
+                method = "StartUnit";
+
+                mode = action_table[arg_action].mode;
+                one_name = action_table[arg_action].target;
+        }
+
+        if (one_name)
+                names = strv_new(one_name, NULL);
+        else {
+                r = expand_names(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), suffix, &names);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = bus_wait_for_jobs_new(bus, &w);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Could not watch jobs: %m");
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                int q;
+
+                q = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, w);
+                if (r >= 0 && q < 0)
+                        r = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(q, &error);
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                int q;
+
+                q = bus_wait_for_jobs(w, arg_quiet, arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--user" : NULL);
+                if (q < 0)
+                        return q;
+
+                /* When stopping units, warn if they can still be triggered by
+                 * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
+                if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit"))
+                        STRV_FOREACH(name, names)
+                                check_triggering_units(bus, *name);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int logind_set_wall_message(void) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *m = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "SetWallMessage",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "sb",
+                        m,
+                        !arg_no_wall);
+
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to set wall message, ignoring: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+#endif
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* Ask systemd-logind, which might grant access to unprivileged users
+ * through PolicyKit */
+static int logind_reboot(enum action a) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        const char *method, *description;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+        (void) logind_set_wall_message();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        switch (a) {
+
+        case ACTION_REBOOT:
+                method = "Reboot";
+                description = "reboot system";
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_POWEROFF:
+                method = "PowerOff";
+                description = "power off system";
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_SUSPEND:
+                method = "Suspend";
+                description = "suspend system";
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_HIBERNATE:
+                method = "Hibernate";
+                description = "hibernate system";
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP:
+                method = "HybridSleep";
+                description = "put system into hybrid sleep";
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "b", arg_ask_password);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to %s via logind: %s", description, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+#else
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int logind_check_inhibitors(enum action a) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **sessions = NULL;
+        const char *what, *who, *why, *mode;
+        uint32_t uid, pid;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        char **s;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_ignore_inhibitors || arg_force > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (arg_when > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (geteuid() == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return 0;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "ListInhibitors",
+                        NULL,
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                /* If logind is not around, then there are no inhibitors... */
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ssssuu)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "(ssssuu)", &what, &who, &why, &mode, &uid, &pid)) > 0) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL, *user = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **sv = NULL;
+
+                if (!streq(mode, "block"))
+                        continue;
+
+                sv = strv_split(what, ":");
+                if (!sv)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if ((pid_t) pid < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(ERANGE, "Bad PID %"PRIu32": %m", pid);
+
+                if (!strv_contains(sv,
+                                   IN_SET(a,
+                                          ACTION_HALT,
+                                          ACTION_POWEROFF,
+                                          ACTION_REBOOT,
+                                          ACTION_KEXEC) ? "shutdown" : "sleep"))
+                        continue;
+
+                get_process_comm(pid, &comm);
+                user = uid_to_name(uid);
+
+                log_warning("Operation inhibited by \"%s\" (PID "PID_FMT" \"%s\", user %s), reason is \"%s\".",
+                            who, (pid_t) pid, strna(comm), strna(user), why);
+
+                c++;
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        /* Check for current sessions */
+        sd_get_sessions(&sessions);
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, sessions) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *type = NULL, *tty = NULL, *seat = NULL, *user = NULL, *service = NULL, *class = NULL;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_uid(*s, &uid) < 0 || uid == getuid())
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_class(*s, &class) < 0 || !streq(class, "user"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_type(*s, &type) < 0 || (!streq(type, "x11") && !streq(type, "tty")))
+                        continue;
+
+                sd_session_get_tty(*s, &tty);
+                sd_session_get_seat(*s, &seat);
+                sd_session_get_service(*s, &service);
+                user = uid_to_name(uid);
+
+                log_warning("User %s is logged in on %s.", strna(user), isempty(tty) ? (isempty(seat) ? strna(service) : seat) : tty);
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        if (c <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_error("Please retry operation after closing inhibitors and logging out other users.\nAlternatively, ignore inhibitors and users with 'systemctl %s -i'.",
+                  action_table[a].verb);
+
+        return -EPERM;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int logind_prepare_firmware_setup(void) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "SetRebootToFirmwareSetup",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "b", true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Cannot indicate to EFI to boot into setup mode: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+#else
+        log_error("Cannot remotely indicate to EFI to boot into setup mode.");
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int prepare_firmware_setup(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        if (!arg_firmware_setup)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+
+                r = efi_set_reboot_to_firmware(true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Cannot indicate to EFI to boot into setup mode, will retry via logind: %m");
+                else
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return logind_prepare_firmware_setup();
+}
+
+static int set_exit_code(uint8_t code) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SetExitCode",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "y", code);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute operation: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_special(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        enum action a;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(argv);
+
+        a = verb_to_action(argv[0]);
+
+        r = logind_check_inhibitors(a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_force >= 2 && geteuid() != 0) {
+                log_error("Must be root.");
+                return -EPERM;
+        }
+
+        r = prepare_firmware_setup();
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (a == ACTION_REBOOT && argc > 1) {
+                r = update_reboot_param_file(argv[1]);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+        } else if (a == ACTION_EXIT && argc > 1) {
+                uint8_t code;
+
+                /* If the exit code is not given on the command line,
+                 * don't reset it to zero: just keep it as it might
+                 * have been set previously. */
+
+                r = safe_atou8(argv[1], &code);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Invalid exit code.");
+
+                r = set_exit_code(code);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_force >= 2 &&
+            IN_SET(a,
+                   ACTION_HALT,
+                   ACTION_POWEROFF,
+                   ACTION_REBOOT))
+                return halt_now(a);
+
+        if (arg_force >= 1 &&
+            IN_SET(a,
+                   ACTION_HALT,
+                   ACTION_POWEROFF,
+                   ACTION_REBOOT,
+                   ACTION_KEXEC,
+                   ACTION_EXIT))
+                return daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+
+        /* First try logind, to allow authentication with polkit */
+        if (IN_SET(a,
+                   ACTION_POWEROFF,
+                   ACTION_REBOOT,
+                   ACTION_SUSPEND,
+                   ACTION_HIBERNATE,
+                   ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) {
+                r = logind_reboot(a);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return r;
+                if (IN_SET(r, -EOPNOTSUPP, -EINPROGRESS))
+                        /* requested operation is not supported or already in progress */
+                        return r;
+
+                /* On all other errors, try low-level operation */
+        }
+
+        return start_unit(argc, argv, userdata);
+}
+
+static int check_unit_generic(int code, const char *good_states, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        char **name;
+        int r;
+        bool found = false;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, args, NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                int state;
+
+                state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, good_states, arg_quiet);
+                if (state < 0)
+                        return state;
+                if (state > 0)
+                        found = true;
+        }
+
+        /* use the given return code for the case that we won't find
+         * any unit which matches the list */
+        return found ? 0 : code;
+}
+
+static int check_unit_active(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        /* According to LSB: 3, "program is not running" */
+        return check_unit_generic(3, "active\0reloading\0", strv_skip(argv, 1));
+}
+
+static int check_unit_failed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        return check_unit_generic(1, "failed\0", strv_skip(argv, 1));
+}
+
+static int kill_unit(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        char *kill_who = NULL, **name;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r, q;
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!arg_kill_who)
+                arg_kill_who = "all";
+
+        /* --fail was specified */
+        if (streq(arg_job_mode, "fail"))
+                kill_who = strjoina(arg_kill_who, "-fail", NULL);
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+
+                q = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "KillUnit",
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                "ssi", *names, kill_who ? kill_who : arg_kill_who, arg_signal);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(q, "Failed to kill unit %s: %s", *names, bus_error_message(&error, q));
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                r = q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
+        char *name;
+
+        char *path;
+        char **argv;
+
+        bool ignore;
+
+        usec_t start_timestamp;
+        usec_t exit_timestamp;
+        pid_t pid;
+        int code;
+        int status;
+
+        LIST_FIELDS(struct ExecStatusInfo, exec);
+} ExecStatusInfo;
+
+static void exec_status_info_free(ExecStatusInfo *i) {
+        assert(i);
+
+        free(i->name);
+        free(i->path);
+        strv_free(i->argv);
+        free(i);
+}
+
+static int exec_status_info_deserialize(sd_bus_message *m, ExecStatusInfo *i) {
+        uint64_t start_timestamp, exit_timestamp, start_timestamp_monotonic, exit_timestamp_monotonic;
+        const char *path;
+        uint32_t pid;
+        int32_t code, status;
+        int ignore, r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(i);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, "sasbttttuii");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        else if (r == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        i->path = strdup(path);
+        if (!i->path)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(m, &i->argv);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(m,
+                                "bttttuii",
+                                &ignore,
+                                &start_timestamp, &start_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                &exit_timestamp, &exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                &pid,
+                                &code, &status);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        i->ignore = ignore;
+        i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) start_timestamp;
+        i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) exit_timestamp;
+        i->pid = (pid_t) pid;
+        i->code = code;
+        i->status = status;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+typedef struct UnitStatusInfo {
+        const char *id;
+        const char *load_state;
+        const char *active_state;
+        const char *sub_state;
+        const char *unit_file_state;
+        const char *unit_file_preset;
+
+        const char *description;
+        const char *following;
+
+        char **documentation;
+
+        const char *fragment_path;
+        const char *source_path;
+        const char *control_group;
+
+        char **dropin_paths;
+
+        const char *load_error;
+        const char *result;
+
+        usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp;
+        usec_t inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic;
+        usec_t active_enter_timestamp;
+        usec_t active_exit_timestamp;
+        usec_t inactive_enter_timestamp;
+
+        bool need_daemon_reload;
+        bool transient;
+
+        /* Service */
+        pid_t main_pid;
+        pid_t control_pid;
+        const char *status_text;
+        const char *pid_file;
+        bool running:1;
+        int status_errno;
+
+        usec_t start_timestamp;
+        usec_t exit_timestamp;
+
+        int exit_code, exit_status;
+
+        usec_t condition_timestamp;
+        bool condition_result;
+        bool failed_condition_trigger;
+        bool failed_condition_negate;
+        const char *failed_condition;
+        const char *failed_condition_parameter;
+
+        usec_t assert_timestamp;
+        bool assert_result;
+        bool failed_assert_trigger;
+        bool failed_assert_negate;
+        const char *failed_assert;
+        const char *failed_assert_parameter;
+
+        /* Socket */
+        unsigned n_accepted;
+        unsigned n_connections;
+        bool accept;
+
+        /* Pairs of type, path */
+        char **listen;
+
+        /* Device */
+        const char *sysfs_path;
+
+        /* Mount, Automount */
+        const char *where;
+
+        /* Swap */
+        const char *what;
+
+        /* CGroup */
+        uint64_t memory_current;
+        uint64_t memory_limit;
+        uint64_t cpu_usage_nsec;
+        uint64_t tasks_current;
+        uint64_t tasks_max;
+
+        LIST_HEAD(ExecStatusInfo, exec);
+} UnitStatusInfo;
+
+static void print_status_info(
+                UnitStatusInfo *i,
+                bool *ellipsized) {
+
+        ExecStatusInfo *p;
+        const char *active_on, *active_off, *on, *off, *ss;
+        usec_t timestamp;
+        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX], *s1;
+        char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
+        const char *path;
+        char **t, **t2;
+
+        assert(i);
+
+        /* This shows pretty information about a unit. See
+         * print_property() for a low-level property printer */
+
+        if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed")) {
+                active_on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                active_off = ansi_normal();
+        } else if (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active") || streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading")) {
+                active_on = ansi_highlight_green();
+                active_off = ansi_normal();
+        } else
+                active_on = active_off = "";
+
+        printf("%s%s%s %s", active_on, draw_special_char(DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE), active_off, strna(i->id));
+
+        if (i->description && !streq_ptr(i->id, i->description))
+                printf(" - %s", i->description);
+
+        printf("\n");
+
+        if (i->following)
+                printf("   Follow: unit currently follows state of %s\n", i->following);
+
+        if (streq_ptr(i->load_state, "error")) {
+                on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+        } else
+                on = off = "";
+
+        path = i->source_path ? i->source_path : i->fragment_path;
+
+        if (i->load_error != 0)
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (Reason: %s)\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off, i->load_error);
+        else if (path && !isempty(i->unit_file_state) && !isempty(i->unit_file_preset))
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s; vendor preset: %s)\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state, i->unit_file_preset);
+        else if (path && !isempty(i->unit_file_state))
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (%s; %s)\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off, path, i->unit_file_state);
+        else if (path)
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s (%s)\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off, path);
+        else
+                printf("   Loaded: %s%s%s\n",
+                       on, strna(i->load_state), off);
+
+        if (i->transient)
+                printf("Transient: yes\n");
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(i->dropin_paths)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *dir = NULL;
+                bool last = false;
+                char ** dropin;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(dropin, i->dropin_paths) {
+                        if (! dir || last) {
+                                printf(dir ? "        " : "  Drop-In: ");
+
+                                dir = mfree(dir);
+
+                                dir = dirname_malloc(*dropin);
+                                if (!dir) {
+                                        log_oom();
+                                        return;
+                                }
+
+                                printf("%s\n           %s", dir,
+                                       draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_RIGHT));
+                        }
+
+                        last = ! (*(dropin + 1) && startswith(*(dropin + 1), dir));
+
+                        printf("%s%s", basename(*dropin), last ? "\n" : ", ");
+                }
+        }
+
+        ss = streq_ptr(i->active_state, i->sub_state) ? NULL : i->sub_state;
+        if (ss)
+                printf("   Active: %s%s (%s)%s",
+                       active_on, strna(i->active_state), ss, active_off);
+        else
+                printf("   Active: %s%s%s",
+                       active_on, strna(i->active_state), active_off);
+
+        if (!isempty(i->result) && !streq(i->result, "success"))
+                printf(" (Result: %s)", i->result);
+
+        timestamp = (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "active")      ||
+                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "reloading"))   ? i->active_enter_timestamp :
+                    (streq_ptr(i->active_state, "inactive")    ||
+                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "failed"))      ? i->inactive_enter_timestamp :
+                    streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
+                                                                  i->active_exit_timestamp;
+
+        s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
+        s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
+
+        if (s1)
+                printf(" since %s; %s\n", s2, s1);
+        else if (s2)
+                printf(" since %s\n", s2);
+        else
+                printf("\n");
+
+        if (!i->condition_result && i->condition_timestamp > 0) {
+                s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
+                s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->condition_timestamp);
+
+                printf("Condition: start %scondition failed%s at %s%s%s\n",
+                       ansi_highlight_yellow(), ansi_normal(),
+                       s2, s1 ? "; " : "", strempty(s1));
+                if (i->failed_condition_trigger)
+                        printf("           none of the trigger conditions were met\n");
+                else if (i->failed_condition)
+                        printf("           %s=%s%s was not met\n",
+                               i->failed_condition,
+                               i->failed_condition_negate ? "!" : "",
+                               i->failed_condition_parameter);
+        }
+
+        if (!i->assert_result && i->assert_timestamp > 0) {
+                s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->assert_timestamp);
+                s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->assert_timestamp);
+
+                printf("   Assert: start %sassertion failed%s at %s%s%s\n",
+                       ansi_highlight_red(), ansi_normal(),
+                       s2, s1 ? "; " : "", strempty(s1));
+                if (i->failed_assert_trigger)
+                        printf("           none of the trigger assertions were met\n");
+                else if (i->failed_assert)
+                        printf("           %s=%s%s was not met\n",
+                               i->failed_assert,
+                               i->failed_assert_negate ? "!" : "",
+                               i->failed_assert_parameter);
+        }
+
+        if (i->sysfs_path)
+                printf("   Device: %s\n", i->sysfs_path);
+        if (i->where)
+                printf("    Where: %s\n", i->where);
+        if (i->what)
+                printf("     What: %s\n", i->what);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(t, i->documentation)
+                printf(" %*s %s\n", 9, t == i->documentation ? "Docs:" : "", *t);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(t, t2, i->listen)
+                printf(" %*s %s (%s)\n", 9, t == i->listen ? "Listen:" : "", *t2, *t);
+
+        if (i->accept)
+                printf(" Accepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *argv = NULL;
+                bool good;
+
+                /* Only show exited processes here */
+                if (p->code == 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                argv = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
+                printf("  Process: "PID_FMT" %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(argv));
+
+                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status, NULL);
+                if (!good) {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                        off = ansi_normal();
+                } else
+                        on = off = "";
+
+                printf("%s(code=%s, ", on, sigchld_code_to_string(p->code));
+
+                if (p->code == CLD_EXITED) {
+                        const char *c;
+
+                        printf("status=%i", p->status);
+
+                        c = exit_status_to_string(p->status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
+                        if (c)
+                                printf("/%s", c);
+
+                } else
+                        printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(p->status));
+
+                printf(")%s\n", off);
+
+                if (i->main_pid == p->pid &&
+                    i->start_timestamp == p->start_timestamp &&
+                    i->exit_timestamp == p->start_timestamp)
+                        /* Let's not show this twice */
+                        i->main_pid = 0;
+
+                if (p->pid == i->control_pid)
+                        i->control_pid = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0) {
+                if (i->main_pid > 0) {
+                        printf(" Main PID: "PID_FMT, i->main_pid);
+
+                        if (i->running) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL;
+                                get_process_comm(i->main_pid, &comm);
+                                if (comm)
+                                        printf(" (%s)", comm);
+                        } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
+                                printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
+
+                                if (i->exit_code == CLD_EXITED) {
+                                        const char *c;
+
+                                        printf("status=%i", i->exit_status);
+
+                                        c = exit_status_to_string(i->exit_status, EXIT_STATUS_SYSTEMD);
+                                        if (c)
+                                                printf("/%s", c);
+
+                                } else
+                                        printf("signal=%s", signal_to_string(i->exit_status));
+                                printf(")");
+                        }
+
+                        if (i->control_pid > 0)
+                                printf(";");
+                }
+
+                if (i->control_pid > 0) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL;
+
+                        printf(" %8s: "PID_FMT, i->main_pid ? "" : " Control", i->control_pid);
+
+                        get_process_comm(i->control_pid, &c);
+                        if (c)
+                                printf(" (%s)", c);
+                }
+
+                printf("\n");
+        }
+
+        if (i->status_text)
+                printf("   Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
+        if (i->status_errno > 0)
+                printf("    Error: %i (%s)\n", i->status_errno, strerror(i->status_errno));
+
+        if (i->tasks_current != (uint64_t) -1) {
+                printf("    Tasks: %" PRIu64, i->tasks_current);
+
+                if (i->tasks_max != (uint64_t) -1)
+                        printf(" (limit: %" PRIi64 ")\n", i->tasks_max);
+                else
+                        printf("\n");
+        }
+
+        if (i->memory_current != (uint64_t) -1) {
+                char buf[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
+
+                printf("   Memory: %s", format_bytes(buf, sizeof(buf), i->memory_current));
+
+                if (i->memory_limit != (uint64_t) -1)
+                        printf(" (limit: %s)\n", format_bytes(buf, sizeof(buf), i->memory_limit));
+                else
+                        printf("\n");
+        }
+
+        if (i->cpu_usage_nsec != (uint64_t) -1) {
+                char buf[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+                printf("      CPU: %s\n", format_timespan(buf, sizeof(buf), i->cpu_usage_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC, USEC_PER_MSEC));
+        }
+
+        if (i->control_group &&
+            (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0 ||
+             (!IN_SET(arg_transport, BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL, BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE) || cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group) == 0))) {
+                unsigned c;
+
+                printf("   CGroup: %s\n", i->control_group);
+
+                if (IN_SET(arg_transport,
+                           BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL,
+                           BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE)) {
+                        unsigned k = 0;
+                        pid_t extra[2];
+                        static const char prefix[] = "           ";
+
+                        c = columns();
+                        if (c > sizeof(prefix) - 1)
+                                c -= sizeof(prefix) - 1;
+                        else
+                                c = 0;
+
+                        if (i->main_pid > 0)
+                                extra[k++] = i->main_pid;
+
+                        if (i->control_pid > 0)
+                                extra[k++] = i->control_pid;
+
+                        show_cgroup_and_extra(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, i->control_group, prefix, c, false, extra, k, get_output_flags());
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (i->id && arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL)
+                show_journal_by_unit(
+                                stdout,
+                                i->id,
+                                arg_output,
+                                0,
+                                i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                arg_lines,
+                                getuid(),
+                                get_output_flags() | OUTPUT_BEGIN_NEWLINE,
+                                SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY,
+                                arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM,
+                                ellipsized);
+
+        if (i->need_daemon_reload)
+                warn_unit_file_changed(i->id);
+}
+
+static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
+        char **p;
+
+        assert(i);
+
+        if (!i->documentation) {
+                log_info("Documentation for %s not known.", i->id);
+                return;
+        }
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(p, i->documentation)
+                if (startswith(*p, "man:"))
+                        show_man_page(*p + 4, false);
+                else
+                        log_info("Can't show: %s", *p);
+}
+
+static int status_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, UnitStatusInfo *i, const char *contents) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(m);
+        assert(i);
+
+        switch (contents[0]) {
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING: {
+                const char *s;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "s", &s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (!isempty(s)) {
+                        if (streq(name, "Id"))
+                                i->id = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "LoadState"))
+                                i->load_state = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "ActiveState"))
+                                i->active_state = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "SubState"))
+                                i->sub_state = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "Description"))
+                                i->description = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "FragmentPath"))
+                                i->fragment_path = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "SourcePath"))
+                                i->source_path = s;
+#ifndef NOLEGACY
+                        else if (streq(name, "DefaultControlGroup")) {
+                                const char *e;
+                                e = startswith(s, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER ":");
+                                if (e)
+                                        i->control_group = e;
+                        }
+#endif
+                        else if (streq(name, "ControlGroup"))
+                                i->control_group = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "StatusText"))
+                                i->status_text = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "PIDFile"))
+                                i->pid_file = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "SysFSPath"))
+                                i->sysfs_path = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "Where"))
+                                i->where = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "What"))
+                                i->what = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "Following"))
+                                i->following = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "UnitFileState"))
+                                i->unit_file_state = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "UnitFilePreset"))
+                                i->unit_file_preset = s;
+                        else if (streq(name, "Result"))
+                                i->result = s;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
+                int b;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &b);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (streq(name, "Accept"))
+                        i->accept = b;
+                else if (streq(name, "NeedDaemonReload"))
+                        i->need_daemon_reload = b;
+                else if (streq(name, "ConditionResult"))
+                        i->condition_result = b;
+                else if (streq(name, "AssertResult"))
+                        i->assert_result = b;
+                else if (streq(name, "Transient"))
+                        i->transient = b;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
+                uint32_t u;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "u", &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (streq(name, "MainPID")) {
+                        if (u > 0) {
+                                i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
+                                i->running = true;
+                        }
+                } else if (streq(name, "ControlPID"))
+                        i->control_pid = (pid_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "ExecMainPID")) {
+                        if (u > 0)
+                                i->main_pid = (pid_t) u;
+                } else if (streq(name, "NAccepted"))
+                        i->n_accepted = u;
+                else if (streq(name, "NConnections"))
+                        i->n_connections = u;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32: {
+                int32_t j;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "i", &j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (streq(name, "ExecMainCode"))
+                        i->exit_code = (int) j;
+                else if (streq(name, "ExecMainStatus"))
+                        i->exit_status = (int) j;
+                else if (streq(name, "StatusErrno"))
+                        i->status_errno = (int) j;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
+                uint64_t u;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "t", &u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (streq(name, "ExecMainStartTimestamp"))
+                        i->start_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "ExecMainExitTimestamp"))
+                        i->exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "ActiveEnterTimestamp"))
+                        i->active_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "InactiveEnterTimestamp"))
+                        i->inactive_enter_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestamp"))
+                        i->inactive_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "InactiveExitTimestampMonotonic"))
+                        i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "ActiveExitTimestamp"))
+                        i->active_exit_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "ConditionTimestamp"))
+                        i->condition_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "AssertTimestamp"))
+                        i->assert_timestamp = (usec_t) u;
+                else if (streq(name, "MemoryCurrent"))
+                        i->memory_current = u;
+                else if (streq(name, "MemoryLimit"))
+                        i->memory_limit = u;
+                else if (streq(name, "TasksCurrent"))
+                        i->tasks_current = u;
+                else if (streq(name, "TasksMax"))
+                        i->tasks_max = u;
+                else if (streq(name, "CPUUsageNSec"))
+                        i->cpu_usage_nsec = u;
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
+
+                if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ ExecStatusInfo *info = NULL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sasbttttuii)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1);
+                        if (!info)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        while ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(m, info)) > 0) {
+
+                                info->name = strdup(name);
+                                if (!info->name)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                LIST_PREPEND(exec, i->exec, info);
+
+                                info = new0(ExecStatusInfo, 1);
+                                if (!info)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                        }
+
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Listen")) {
+                        const char *type, *path;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &type, &path)) > 0) {
+
+                                r = strv_extend(&i->listen, type);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+
+                                r = strv_extend(&i->listen, path);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "DropInPaths")) {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(m, &i->dropin_paths);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Documentation")) {
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(m, &i->documentation);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Conditions")) {
+                        const char *cond, *param;
+                        int trigger, negate;
+                        int32_t state;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sbbsi)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sbbsi)", &cond, &trigger, &negate, &param, &state)) > 0) {
+                                log_debug("%s %d %d %s %d", cond, trigger, negate, param, state);
+                                if (state < 0 && (!trigger || !i->failed_condition)) {
+                                        i->failed_condition = cond;
+                                        i->failed_condition_trigger = trigger;
+                                        i->failed_condition_negate = negate;
+                                        i->failed_condition_parameter = param;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Asserts")) {
+                        const char *cond, *param;
+                        int trigger, negate;
+                        int32_t state;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sbbsi)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sbbsi)", &cond, &trigger, &negate, &param, &state)) > 0) {
+                                log_debug("%s %d %d %s %d", cond, trigger, negate, param, state);
+                                if (state < 0 && (!trigger || !i->failed_assert)) {
+                                        i->failed_assert = cond;
+                                        i->failed_assert_trigger = trigger;
+                                        i->failed_assert_negate = negate;
+                                        i->failed_assert_parameter = param;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                } else
+                        goto skip;
+
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+
+                if (streq(name, "LoadError")) {
+                        const char *n, *message;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &n, &message);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (!isempty(message))
+                                i->load_error = message;
+                } else
+                        goto skip;
+
+                break;
+
+        default:
+                goto skip;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+
+skip:
+        r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int print_property(const char *name, sd_bus_message *m, const char *contents) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* This is a low-level property printer, see
+         * print_status_info() for the nicer output */
+
+        if (arg_properties && !strv_find(arg_properties, name)) {
+                /* skip what we didn't read */
+                r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        switch (contents[0]) {
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN:
+
+                if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
+                        uint32_t u;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(uo)", &u, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (u > 0)
+                                printf("%s=%"PRIu32"\n", name, u);
+                        else if (arg_all)
+                                printf("%s=\n", name);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
+                        const char *s;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(so)", &s, NULL);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (arg_all || !isempty(s))
+                                printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "LoadError")) {
+                        const char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &a, &b);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (arg_all || !isempty(a) || !isempty(b))
+                                printf("%s=%s \"%s\"\n", name, strempty(a), strempty(b));
+
+                        return 0;
+                } else if (streq_ptr(name, "SystemCallFilter")) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+                        int whitelist;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, 'r', "bas");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "b", &whitelist);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read_strv(m, &l);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (arg_all || whitelist || !strv_isempty(l)) {
+                                bool first = true;
+                                char **i;
+
+                                fputs(name, stdout);
+                                fputc('=', stdout);
+
+                                if (!whitelist)
+                                        fputc('~', stdout);
+
+                                STRV_FOREACH(i, l) {
+                                        if (first)
+                                                first = false;
+                                        else
+                                                fputc(' ', stdout);
+
+                                        fputs(*i, stdout);
+                                }
+                                fputc('\n', stdout);
+                        }
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+        case SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
+
+                if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "EnvironmentFiles")) {
+                        const char *path;
+                        int ignore;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sb)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(sb)", &path, &ignore)) > 0)
+                                printf("EnvironmentFile=%s (ignore_errors=%s)\n", path, yes_no(ignore));
+
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Paths")) {
+                        const char *type, *path;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &type, &path)) > 0)
+                                printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Listen")) {
+                        const char *type, *path;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &type, &path)) > 0)
+                                printf("Listen%s=%s\n", type, path);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "Timers")) {
+                        const char *base;
+                        uint64_t value, next_elapse;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(stt)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(stt)", &base, &value, &next_elapse)) > 0) {
+                                char timespan1[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], timespan2[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+
+                                printf("%s={ value=%s ; next_elapse=%s }\n",
+                                       base,
+                                       format_timespan(timespan1, sizeof(timespan1), value, 0),
+                                       format_timespan(timespan2, sizeof(timespan2), next_elapse, 0));
+                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && startswith(name, "Exec")) {
+                        ExecStatusInfo info = {};
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sasbttttuii)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = exec_status_info_deserialize(m, &info)) > 0) {
+                                char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *tt;
+
+                                tt = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
+
+                                printf("%s={ path=%s ; argv[]=%s ; ignore_errors=%s ; start_time=[%s] ; stop_time=[%s] ; pid="PID_FMT" ; code=%s ; status=%i%s%s }\n",
+                                       name,
+                                       strna(info.path),
+                                       strna(tt),
+                                       yes_no(info.ignore),
+                                       strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), info.start_timestamp)),
+                                       strna(format_timestamp(timestamp2, sizeof(timestamp2), info.exit_timestamp)),
+                                       info.pid,
+                                       sigchld_code_to_string(info.code),
+                                       info.status,
+                                       info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
+                                       strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
+
+                                free(info.path);
+                                strv_free(info.argv);
+                                zero(info);
+                        }
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "DeviceAllow")) {
+                        const char *path, *rwm;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(ss)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(ss)", &path, &rwm)) > 0)
+                                printf("%s=%s %s\n", name, strna(path), strna(rwm));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && streq(name, "BlockIODeviceWeight")) {
+                        const char *path;
+                        uint64_t weight;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(st)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(st)", &path, &weight)) > 0)
+                                printf("%s=%s %" PRIu64 "\n", name, strna(path), weight);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+
+                } else if (contents[1] == SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT_BEGIN && (streq(name, "BlockIOReadBandwidth") || streq(name, "BlockIOWriteBandwidth"))) {
+                        const char *path;
+                        uint64_t bandwidth;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(st)");
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read(m, "(st)", &path, &bandwidth)) > 0)
+                                printf("%s=%s %" PRIu64 "\n", name, strna(path), bandwidth);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                break;
+        }
+
+        r = bus_print_property(name, m, arg_all);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (r == 0) {
+                r = sd_bus_message_skip(m, contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (arg_all)
+                        printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_one(
+                const char *verb,
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                const char *path,
+                bool show_properties,
+                bool *new_line,
+                bool *ellipsized) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        UnitStatusInfo info = {
+                .memory_current = (uint64_t) -1,
+                .memory_limit = (uint64_t) -1,
+                .cpu_usage_nsec = (uint64_t) -1,
+                .tasks_current = (uint64_t) -1,
+                .tasks_max = (uint64_t) -1,
+        };
+        ExecStatusInfo *p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(new_line);
+
+        log_debug("Showing one %s", path);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "s", "");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get properties: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "{sv}");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        if (*new_line)
+                printf("\n");
+
+        *new_line = true;
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, "sv")) > 0) {
+                const char *name, *contents;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(reply, NULL, &contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                if (show_properties)
+                        r = print_property(name, reply, contents);
+                else
+                        r = status_property(name, reply, &info, contents);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = 0;
+
+        if (!show_properties) {
+                if (streq(verb, "help"))
+                        show_unit_help(&info);
+                else
+                        print_status_info(&info, ellipsized);
+        }
+
+        strv_free(info.documentation);
+        strv_free(info.dropin_paths);
+        strv_free(info.listen);
+
+        if (!streq_ptr(info.active_state, "active") &&
+            !streq_ptr(info.active_state, "reloading") &&
+            streq(verb, "status")) {
+                /* According to LSB: "program not running" */
+                /* 0: program is running or service is OK
+                 * 1: program is dead and /run PID file exists
+                 * 2: program is dead and /run/lock lock file exists
+                 * 3: program is not running
+                 * 4: program or service status is unknown
+                 */
+                if (info.pid_file && access(info.pid_file, F_OK) == 0)
+                        r = 1;
+                else
+                        r = 3;
+        }
+
+        while ((p = info.exec)) {
+                LIST_REMOVE(exec, info.exec, p);
+                exec_status_info_free(p);
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int get_unit_dbus_path_by_pid(
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                uint32_t pid,
+                char **unit) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        char *u;
+        int r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnitByPID",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "u", pid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit for PID %"PRIu32": %s", pid, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &u);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        u = strdup(u);
+        if (!u)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        *unit = u;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int show_all(
+                const char* verb,
+                sd_bus *bus,
+                bool show_properties,
+                bool *new_line,
+                bool *ellipsized) {
+
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitInfo *unit_infos = NULL;
+        const UnitInfo *u;
+        unsigned c;
+        int r, ret = 0;
+
+        r = get_unit_list(bus, NULL, NULL, &unit_infos, 0, &reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        c = (unsigned) r;
+
+        qsort_safe(unit_infos, c, sizeof(UnitInfo), compare_unit_info);
+
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+                p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(u->id);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = show_one(verb, bus, p, show_properties, new_line, ellipsized);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r > 0 && ret == 0)
+                        ret = r;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int show_system_status(sd_bus *bus) {
+        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX], since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+        _cleanup_free_ char *hn = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(machine_info_clear) struct machine_info mi = {};
+        const char *on, *off;
+        int r;
+
+        hn = gethostname_malloc();
+        if (!hn)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_map_all_properties(bus, "org.freedesktop.systemd1", "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", machine_info_property_map, &mi);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to read server status: %m");
+
+        if (streq_ptr(mi.state, "degraded")) {
+                on = ansi_highlight_red();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+        } else if (!streq_ptr(mi.state, "running")) {
+                on = ansi_highlight_yellow();
+                off = ansi_normal();
+        } else
+                on = off = "";
+
+        printf("%s%s%s %s\n", on, draw_special_char(DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE), off, arg_host ? arg_host : hn);
+
+        printf("    State: %s%s%s\n",
+               on, strna(mi.state), off);
+
+        printf("     Jobs: %u queued\n", mi.n_jobs);
+        printf("   Failed: %u units\n", mi.n_failed_units);
+
+        printf("    Since: %s; %s\n",
+               format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), mi.timestamp),
+               format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), mi.timestamp));
+
+        printf("   CGroup: %s\n", mi.control_group ?: "/");
+        if (IN_SET(arg_transport,
+                   BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL,
+                   BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE)) {
+                static const char prefix[] = "           ";
+                unsigned c;
+
+                c = columns();
+                if (c > sizeof(prefix) - 1)
+                        c -= sizeof(prefix) - 1;
+                else
+                        c = 0;
+
+                show_cgroup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, strempty(mi.control_group), prefix, c, false, get_output_flags());
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int show(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        bool show_properties, show_status, show_help, new_line = false;
+        bool ellipsized = false;
+        int r, ret = 0;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+
+        assert(argv);
+
+        show_properties = streq(argv[0], "show");
+        show_status = streq(argv[0], "status");
+        show_help = streq(argv[0], "help");
+
+        if (show_help && argc <= 1) {
+                log_error("This command expects one or more unit names. Did you mean --help?");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        if (show_status)
+                /* Increase max number of open files to 16K if we can, we
+                 * might needs this when browsing journal files, which might
+                 * be split up into many files. */
+                setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(16384));
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If no argument is specified inspect the manager itself */
+        if (show_properties && argc <= 1)
+                return show_one(argv[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line, &ellipsized);
+
+        if (show_status && argc <= 1) {
+
+                pager_open_if_enabled();
+                show_system_status(bus);
+                new_line = true;
+
+                if (arg_all)
+                        ret = show_all(argv[0], bus, false, &new_line, &ellipsized);
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char **patterns = NULL;
+                char **name;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+                        uint32_t id;
+
+                        if (safe_atou32(*name, &id) < 0) {
+                                if (strv_push(&patterns, *name) < 0)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                continue;
+                        } else if (show_properties) {
+                                /* Interpret as job id */
+                                if (asprintf(&unit, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                        } else {
+                                /* Interpret as PID */
+                                r = get_unit_dbus_path_by_pid(bus, id, &unit);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        ret = r;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        r = show_one(argv[0], bus, unit, show_properties, &new_line, &ellipsized);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r > 0 && ret == 0)
+                                ret = r;
+                }
+
+                if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
+                        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+
+                        r = expand_names(bus, patterns, NULL, &names);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+                        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *unit;
+
+                                unit = unit_dbus_path_from_name(*name);
+                                if (!unit)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                r = show_one(argv[0], bus, unit, show_properties, &new_line, &ellipsized);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return r;
+                                else if (r > 0 && ret == 0)
+                                        ret = r;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (ellipsized && !arg_quiet)
+                printf("Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.\n");
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static int init_home_and_lookup_paths(char **user_home, char **user_runtime, LookupPaths *lp) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(user_home);
+        assert(user_runtime);
+        assert(lp);
+
+        if (arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_USER) {
+                r = user_config_home(user_home);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query XDG_CONFIG_HOME: %m");
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOTDIR, "Cannot find units: $XDG_CONFIG_HOME and $HOME are not set.");
+
+                r = user_runtime_dir(user_runtime);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query XDG_CONFIG_HOME: %m");
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(ENOTDIR, "Cannot find units: $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.");
+        }
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init_from_scope(lp, arg_scope, arg_root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query unit lookup paths: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int cat_file(const char *filename, bool newline) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd;
+
+        fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        printf("%s%s# %s%s\n",
+               newline ? "\n" : "",
+               ansi_highlight_blue(),
+               filename,
+               ansi_normal());
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        return copy_bytes(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, (uint64_t) -1, false);
+}
+
+static int cat(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_home = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_runtime = NULL;
+        _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths lp = {};
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        char **name;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        bool first = true;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+                log_error("Cannot remotely cat units.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = init_home_and_lookup_paths(&user_home, &user_runtime, &lp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *fragment_path = NULL;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **dropin_paths = NULL;
+                char **path;
+
+                r = unit_find_paths(bus, *name, &lp, &fragment_path, &dropin_paths);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                if (first)
+                        first = false;
+                else
+                        puts("");
+
+                if (fragment_path) {
+                        r = cat_file(fragment_path, false);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to cat %s: %m", fragment_path);
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(path, dropin_paths) {
+                        r = cat_file(*path, path == dropin_paths);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to cat %s: %m", *path);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_property(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        &m,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SetUnitProperties");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = unit_name_mangle(argv[1], UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, &n);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "sb", n, arg_runtime);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "(sv)");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, strv_skip(argv, 2)) {
+                r = bus_append_unit_property_assignment(m, *i);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set unit properties on %s: %s", n, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int daemon_reload(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        const char *method;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
+                method = "Reload";
+        else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
+                method = "Reexecute";
+        else {
+                assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
+
+                method =
+                        streq(argv[0], "clear-jobs")    ||
+                        streq(argv[0], "cancel")        ? "ClearJobs" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "reset-failed")  ? "ResetFailed" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "halt")          ? "Halt" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "poweroff")      ? "PowerOff" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "reboot")        ? "Reboot" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "kexec")         ? "KExec" :
+                        streq(argv[0], "exit")          ? "Exit" :
+                                    /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
+        }
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
+                /* There's always a fallback possible for
+                 * legacy actions. */
+                r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        else if ((r == -ETIMEDOUT || r == -ECONNRESET) && streq(method, "Reexecute"))
+                /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not a
+                 * reply */
+                r = 0;
+        else if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute operation: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return r < 0 ? r : 0;
+}
+
+static int reset_failed(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        char **name;
+        int r, q;
+
+        if (argc <= 1)
+                return daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+
+                q = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ResetFailedUnit",
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                "s", *name);
+                if (q < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(q, "Failed to reset failed state of unit %s: %s", *name, bus_error_message(&error, q));
+                        if (r == 0)
+                                r = q;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int show_environment(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        const char *text;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Environment",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "as");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get environment: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        while ((r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(reply, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &text)) > 0)
+                puts(text);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(reply);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int switch_root(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cmdline_init = NULL;
+        const char *root, *init;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+                log_error("Cannot switch root remotely.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (argc < 2 || argc > 3) {
+                log_error("Wrong number of arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        root = argv[1];
+
+        if (argc >= 3)
+                init = argv[2];
+        else {
+                r = parse_env_file("/proc/cmdline", WHITESPACE,
+                                   "init", &cmdline_init,
+                                   NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to parse /proc/cmdline: %m");
+
+                init = cmdline_init;
+        }
+
+        if (isempty(init))
+                init = NULL;
+
+        if (init) {
+                const char *root_systemd_path = NULL, *root_init_path = NULL;
+
+                root_systemd_path = strjoina(root, "/" SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH);
+                root_init_path = strjoina(root, "/", init);
+
+                /* If the passed init is actually the same as the
+                 * systemd binary, then let's suppress it. */
+                if (files_same(root_init_path, root_systemd_path) > 0)
+                        init = NULL;
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        log_debug("Switching root - root: %s; init: %s", root, strna(init));
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SwitchRoot",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "ss", root, init);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to switch root: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_environment(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        const char *method;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(argc > 1);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        method = streq(argv[0], "set-environment")
+                ? "SetEnvironment"
+                : "UnsetEnvironment";
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        &m,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, strv_skip(argv, 1));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set environment: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int import_environment(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *m = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                        bus,
+                        &m,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SetEnvironment");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        if (argc < 2)
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, environ);
+        else {
+                char **a, **b;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_open_container(m, 'a', "s");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(a, strv_skip(argv, 1)) {
+
+                        if (!env_name_is_valid(*a)) {
+                                log_error("Not a valid environment variable name: %s", *a);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        STRV_FOREACH(b, environ) {
+                                const char *eq;
+
+                                eq = startswith(*b, *a);
+                                if (eq && *eq == '=') {
+
+                                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", *b);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
+        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to import environment: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int enable_sysv_units(const char *verb, char **args) {
+        int r = 0;
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT)
+        unsigned f = 0;
+        _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths paths = {};
+
+        if (arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (getenv_bool("SYSTEMCTL_SKIP_SYSV") > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!STR_IN_SET(verb,
+                        "enable",
+                        "disable",
+                        "is-enabled"))
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Processes all SysV units, and reshuffles the array so that
+         * afterwards only the native units remain */
+
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, MANAGER_SYSTEM, false, arg_root, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = 0;
+        while (args[f]) {
+                const char *name;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *l = NULL;
+                bool found_native = false, found_sysv;
+                unsigned c = 1;
+                const char *argv[6] = { ROOTLIBEXECDIR "/systemd-sysv-install", NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL };
+                char **k;
+                int j;
+                pid_t pid;
+                siginfo_t status;
+
+                name = args[f++];
+
+                if (!endswith(name, ".service"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (path_is_absolute(name))
+                        continue;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(k, paths.unit_path) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, *k, name);
+                        if (!path)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        found_native = access(path, F_OK) >= 0;
+                        if (found_native)
+                                break;
+                }
+
+                /* If we have both a native unit and a SysV script,
+                 * enable/disable them both (below); for is-enabled, prefer the
+                 * native unit */
+                if (found_native && streq(verb, "is-enabled"))
+                        continue;
+
+                p = path_join(arg_root, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH, name);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                p[strlen(p) - strlen(".service")] = 0;
+                found_sysv = access(p, F_OK) >= 0;
+                if (!found_sysv)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (found_native)
+                        log_info("Synchronizing state of %s with SysV init with %s...", name, argv[0]);
+                else
+                        log_info("%s is not a native service, redirecting to systemd-sysv-install", name);
+
+                if (!isempty(arg_root))
+                        argv[c++] = q = strappend("--root=", arg_root);
+
+                argv[c++] = verb;
+                argv[c++] = basename(p);
+                argv[c] = NULL;
+
+                l = strv_join((char**)argv, " ");
+                if (!l)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                log_info("Executing %s", l);
+
+                pid = fork();
+                if (pid < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+                else if (pid == 0) {
+                        /* Child */
+
+                        (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+                        (void) reset_signal_mask();
+
+                        execv(argv[0], (char**) argv);
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute %s: %m", argv[0]);
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+
+                j = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
+                if (j < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(j, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+                        return j;
+                }
+
+                if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
+                        if (streq(verb, "is-enabled")) {
+                                if (status.si_status == 0) {
+                                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                                puts("enabled");
+                                        r = 1;
+                                } else {
+                                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                                puts("disabled");
+                                }
+
+                        } else if (status.si_status != 0)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                } else
+                        return -EPROTO;
+
+                if (found_native)
+                        continue;
+
+                /* Remove this entry, so that we don't try enabling it as native unit */
+                assert(f > 0);
+                f--;
+                assert(args[f] == name);
+                strv_remove(args, name);
+        }
+
+#endif
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int mangle_names(char **original_names, char ***mangled_names) {
+        char **i, **l, **name;
+        int r;
+
+        l = i = new(char*, strv_length(original_names) + 1);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, original_names) {
+
+                /* When enabling units qualified path names are OK,
+                 * too, hence allow them explicitly. */
+
+                if (is_path(*name)) {
+                        *i = strdup(*name);
+                        if (!*i) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return log_oom();
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        r = unit_name_mangle(*name, UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, i);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+                        }
+                }
+
+                i++;
+        }
+
+        *i = NULL;
+        *mangled_names = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int enable_unit(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        const char *verb = argv[0];
+        UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
+        unsigned n_changes = 0;
+        int carries_install_info = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!argv[1])
+                return 0;
+
+        r = mangle_names(strv_skip(argv, 1), &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = enable_sysv_units(verb, names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* If the operation was fully executed by the SysV compat,
+         * let's finish early */
+        if (strv_isempty(names))
+                return 0;
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
+                        r = unit_file_enable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                        carries_install_info = r;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "disable"))
+                        r = unit_file_disable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, &changes, &n_changes);
+                else if (streq(verb, "reenable")) {
+                        r = unit_file_reenable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                        carries_install_info = r;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "link"))
+                        r = unit_file_link(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                else if (streq(verb, "preset")) {
+                        r = unit_file_preset(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, arg_preset_mode, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                        carries_install_info = r;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "mask"))
+                        r = unit_file_mask(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                else if (streq(verb, "unmask"))
+                        r = unit_file_unmask(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, &changes, &n_changes);
+                else
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
+
+                if (r == -ESHUTDOWN)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Unit file is masked.");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Operation failed: %m");
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
+
+                r = 0;
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL, *m = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                int expect_carries_install_info = false;
+                bool send_force = true, send_preset_mode = false;
+                const char *method;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
+                        method = "EnableUnitFiles";
+                        expect_carries_install_info = true;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "disable")) {
+                        method = "DisableUnitFiles";
+                        send_force = false;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "reenable")) {
+                        method = "ReenableUnitFiles";
+                        expect_carries_install_info = true;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "link"))
+                        method = "LinkUnitFiles";
+                else if (streq(verb, "preset")) {
+
+                        if (arg_preset_mode != UNIT_FILE_PRESET_FULL) {
+                                method = "PresetUnitFilesWithMode";
+                                send_preset_mode = true;
+                        } else
+                                method = "PresetUnitFiles";
+
+                        expect_carries_install_info = true;
+                } else if (streq(verb, "mask"))
+                        method = "MaskUnitFiles";
+                else if (streq(verb, "unmask")) {
+                        method = "UnmaskUnitFiles";
+                        send_force = false;
+                } else
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                                bus,
+                                &m,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                method);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, names);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                if (send_preset_mode) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "s", unit_file_preset_mode_to_string(arg_preset_mode));
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "b", arg_runtime);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                if (send_force) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "b", arg_force);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_create_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute operation: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                if (expect_carries_install_info) {
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "b", &carries_install_info);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+                }
+
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet, &changes, &n_changes);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                /* Try to reload if enabled */
+                if (!arg_no_reload)
+                        r = daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+                else
+                        r = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (carries_install_info == 0)
+                log_warning("The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled\n"
+                            "using systemctl.\n"
+                            "Possible reasons for having this kind of units are:\n"
+                            "1) A unit may be statically enabled by being symlinked from another unit's\n"
+                            "   .wants/ or .requires/ directory.\n"
+                            "2) A unit's purpose may be to act as a helper for some other unit which has\n"
+                            "   a requirement dependency on it.\n"
+                            "3) A unit may be started when needed via activation (socket, path, timer,\n"
+                            "   D-Bus, udev, scripted systemctl call, ...).\n");
+
+        if (arg_now && n_changes > 0 && STR_IN_SET(argv[0], "enable", "disable", "mask")) {
+                char *new_args[n_changes + 2];
+                sd_bus *bus;
+                unsigned i;
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                new_args[0] = (char*) (streq(argv[0], "enable") ? "start" : "stop");
+                for (i = 0; i < n_changes; i++)
+                        new_args[i + 1] = basename(changes[i].path);
+                new_args[i + 1] = NULL;
+
+                r = start_unit(strv_length(new_args), new_args, userdata);
+        }
+
+finish:
+        unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int add_dependency(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+        const char *verb = argv[0];
+        UnitDependency dep;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        if (!argv[1])
+                return 0;
+
+        r = unit_name_mangle_with_suffix(argv[1], UNIT_NAME_NOGLOB, ".target", &target);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to mangle unit name: %m");
+
+        r = mangle_names(strv_skip(argv, 2), &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (streq(verb, "add-wants"))
+                dep = UNIT_WANTS;
+        else if (streq(verb, "add-requires"))
+                dep = UNIT_REQUIRES;
+        else
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown verb");
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+                UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
+                unsigned n_changes = 0;
+
+                r = unit_file_add_dependency(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, names, target, dep, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                if (r == -ESHUTDOWN)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Unit file is masked.");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Can't add dependency: %m");
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
+
+                unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL, *m = NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_new_method_call(
+                                bus,
+                                &m,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "AddDependencyUnitFiles");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append_strv(m, names);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "ssbb", target, unit_dependency_to_string(dep), arg_runtime, arg_force);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return bus_log_create_error(r);
+
+                r = sd_bus_call(bus, m, 0, &error, &reply);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute operation: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!arg_no_reload)
+                        r = daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+                else
+                        r = 0;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int preset_all(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
+        unsigned n_changes = 0;
+        int r;
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+
+                r = unit_file_preset_all(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, arg_preset_mode, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Operation failed: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        dump_unit_file_changes(changes, n_changes);
+
+                r = 0;
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "PresetAllUnitFiles",
+                                &error,
+                                &reply,
+                                "sbb",
+                                unit_file_preset_mode_to_string(arg_preset_mode),
+                                arg_runtime,
+                                arg_force);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to execute operation: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                r = bus_deserialize_and_dump_unit_file_changes(reply, arg_quiet, NULL, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!arg_no_reload)
+                        r = daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+                else
+                        r = 0;
+        }
+
+finish:
+        unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int unit_is_enabled(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        bool enabled;
+        char **name;
+        int r;
+
+        r = mangle_names(strv_skip(argv, 1), &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = enable_sysv_units(argv[0], names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        enabled = r > 0;
+
+        if (install_client_side()) {
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                        UnitFileState state;
+
+                        r = unit_file_get_state(arg_scope, arg_root, *name, &state);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(state, "Failed to get unit file state for %s: %m", *name);
+
+                        if (IN_SET(state,
+                                   UNIT_FILE_ENABLED,
+                                   UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME,
+                                   UNIT_FILE_STATIC,
+                                   UNIT_FILE_INDIRECT))
+                                enabled = true;
+
+                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                puts(unit_file_state_to_string(state));
+                }
+
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                sd_bus *bus;
+
+                r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                        _cleanup_(sd_bus_message_unrefp) sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+                        const char *s;
+
+                        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                        bus,
+                                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                        "GetUnitFileState",
+                                        &error,
+                                        &reply,
+                                        "s", *name);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get unit file state for %s: %s", *name, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+                        if (STR_IN_SET(s, "enabled", "enabled-runtime", "static", "indirect"))
+                                enabled = true;
+
+                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                puts(s);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return !enabled;
+}
+
+static int is_system_running(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *state = NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        if (running_in_chroot() > 0 || (arg_transport == BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL && !sd_booted())) {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        puts("offline");
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_bus_get_property_string(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SystemState",
+                        NULL,
+                        &state);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        puts("unknown");
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_quiet)
+                puts(state);
+
+        return streq(state, "running") ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
+static int create_edit_temp_file(const char *new_path, const char *original_path, char **ret_tmp_fn) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(new_path);
+        assert(original_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_fn);
+
+        r = tempfn_random(new_path, NULL, &t);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine temporary filename for \"%s\": %m", new_path);
+
+        r = mkdir_parents(new_path, 0755);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create directories for \"%s\": %m", new_path);
+
+        r = copy_file(original_path, t, 0, 0644, 0);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+
+                r = touch(t);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary file \"%s\": %m", t);
+
+        } else if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to copy \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", original_path, t);
+
+        *ret_tmp_fn = t;
+        t = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_file_to_edit(const char *name, const char *user_home, const char *user_runtime, char **ret_path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *path2 = NULL, *run = NULL;
+
+        assert(name);
+        assert(ret_path);
+
+        switch (arg_scope) {
+                case UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM:
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, SYSTEM_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime)
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, "/run/systemd/system/", name);
+                        break;
+                case UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL:
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime)
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, "/run/systemd/user/", name);
+                        break;
+                case UNIT_FILE_USER:
+                        assert(user_home);
+                        assert(user_runtime);
+
+                        path = path_join(arg_root, user_home, name);
+                        if (arg_runtime) {
+                                path2 = path_join(arg_root, USER_CONFIG_UNIT_PATH, name);
+                                if (!path2)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                                run = path_join(arg_root, user_runtime, name);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Invalid scope");
+        }
+        if (!path || (arg_runtime && !run))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (arg_runtime) {
+                if (access(path, F_OK) >= 0) {
+                        log_error("Refusing to create \"%s\" because it would be overridden by \"%s\" anyway.", run, path);
+                        return -EEXIST;
+                }
+
+                if (path2 && access(path2, F_OK) >= 0) {
+                        log_error("Refusing to create \"%s\" because it would be overridden by \"%s\" anyway.", run, path2);
+                        return -EEXIST;
+                }
+
+                *ret_path = run;
+                run = NULL;
+        } else {
+                *ret_path = path;
+                path = NULL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_file_create_dropin(const char *unit_name, const char *user_home, const char *user_runtime, char **ret_new_path, char **ret_tmp_path) {
+        char *tmp_new_path, *tmp_tmp_path, *ending;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(ret_new_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_path);
+
+        ending = strjoina(unit_name, ".d/override.conf");
+        r = get_file_to_edit(ending, user_home, user_runtime, &tmp_new_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = create_edit_temp_file(tmp_new_path, tmp_new_path, &tmp_tmp_path);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                free(tmp_new_path);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_new_path = tmp_new_path;
+        *ret_tmp_path = tmp_tmp_path;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int unit_file_create_copy(
+                const char *unit_name,
+                const char *fragment_path,
+                const char *user_home,
+                const char *user_runtime,
+                char **ret_new_path,
+                char **ret_tmp_path) {
+
+        char *tmp_new_path, *tmp_tmp_path;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(fragment_path);
+        assert(unit_name);
+        assert(ret_new_path);
+        assert(ret_tmp_path);
+
+        r = get_file_to_edit(unit_name, user_home, user_runtime, &tmp_new_path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!path_equal(fragment_path, tmp_new_path) && access(tmp_new_path, F_OK) == 0) {
+                char response;
+
+                r = ask_char(&response, "yn", "\"%s\" already exists. Overwrite with \"%s\"? [(y)es, (n)o] ", tmp_new_path, fragment_path);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        free(tmp_new_path);
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (response != 'y') {
+                        log_warning("%s ignored", unit_name);
+                        free(tmp_new_path);
+                        return -1;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = create_edit_temp_file(tmp_new_path, fragment_path, &tmp_tmp_path);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create temporary file for \"%s\": %m", tmp_new_path);
+                free(tmp_new_path);
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        *ret_new_path = tmp_new_path;
+        *ret_tmp_path = tmp_tmp_path;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int run_editor(char **paths) {
+        pid_t pid;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(paths);
+
+        pid = fork();
+        if (pid < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+
+        if (pid == 0) {
+                const char **args;
+                char *editor, **editor_args = NULL;
+                char **tmp_path, **original_path, *p;
+                unsigned n_editor_args = 0, i = 1;
+                size_t argc;
+
+                (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+                (void) reset_signal_mask();
+
+                argc = strv_length(paths)/2 + 1;
+
+                /* SYSTEMD_EDITOR takes precedence over EDITOR which takes precedence over VISUAL
+                 * If neither SYSTEMD_EDITOR nor EDITOR nor VISUAL are present,
+                 * we try to execute well known editors
+                 */
+                editor = getenv("SYSTEMD_EDITOR");
+                if (!editor)
+                        editor = getenv("EDITOR");
+                if (!editor)
+                        editor = getenv("VISUAL");
+
+                if (!isempty(editor)) {
+                        editor_args = strv_split(editor, WHITESPACE);
+                        if (!editor_args) {
+                                (void) log_oom();
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                        n_editor_args = strv_length(editor_args);
+                        argc += n_editor_args - 1;
+                }
+                args = newa(const char*, argc + 1);
+
+                if (n_editor_args > 0) {
+                        args[0] = editor_args[0];
+                        for (; i < n_editor_args; i++)
+                                args[i] = editor_args[i];
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original_path, tmp_path, paths) {
+                        args[i] = *tmp_path;
+                        i++;
+                }
+                args[i] = NULL;
+
+                if (n_editor_args > 0)
+                        execvp(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+
+                FOREACH_STRING(p, "editor", "nano", "vim", "vi") {
+                        args[0] = p;
+                        execvp(p, (char* const*) args);
+                        /* We do not fail if the editor doesn't exist
+                         * because we want to try each one of them before
+                         * failing.
+                         */
+                        if (errno != ENOENT) {
+                                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", editor);
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                }
+
+                log_error("Cannot edit unit(s), no editor available. Please set either $SYSTEMD_EDITOR, $EDITOR or $VISUAL.");
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        r = wait_for_terminate_and_warn("editor", pid, true);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for child: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_paths_to_edit(sd_bus *bus, char **names, char ***paths) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_home = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *user_runtime = NULL;
+        _cleanup_lookup_paths_free_ LookupPaths lp = {};
+        char **name;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(names);
+        assert(paths);
+
+        r = init_home_and_lookup_paths(&user_home, &user_runtime, &lp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, names) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+                char *new_path, *tmp_path;
+
+                r = unit_find_paths(bus, *name, &lp, &path, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+                else if (!path) {
+                        // FIXME: support units with path==NULL (no FragmentPath)
+                        log_error("No fragment exists for %s.", *name);
+                        return -ENOENT;
+                }
+
+                if (arg_full)
+                        r = unit_file_create_copy(*name, path, user_home, user_runtime, &new_path, &tmp_path);
+                else
+                        r = unit_file_create_dropin(*name, user_home, user_runtime, &new_path, &tmp_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = strv_push_pair(paths, new_path, tmp_path);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int edit(int argc, char *argv[], void *userdata) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **paths = NULL;
+        char **original, **tmp;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!on_tty()) {
+                log_error("Cannot edit units if not on a tty.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL) {
+                log_error("Cannot edit units remotely.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_MANAGER, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = expand_names(bus, strv_skip(argv, 1), NULL, &names);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to expand names: %m");
+
+        r = find_paths_to_edit(bus, names, &paths);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (strv_isempty(paths))
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        r = run_editor(paths);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto end;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original, tmp, paths) {
+                /* If the temporary file is empty we ignore it.  It's
+                 * useful if the user wants to cancel its modification
+                 */
+                if (null_or_empty_path(*tmp)) {
+                        log_warning("Editing \"%s\" canceled: temporary file is empty.", *original);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                r = rename(*tmp, *original);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        r = log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rename \"%s\" to \"%s\": %m", *tmp, *original);
+                        goto end;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+        if (!arg_no_reload && !install_client_side())
+                r = daemon_reload(argc, argv, userdata);
+
+end:
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(original, tmp, paths)
+                (void) unlink(*tmp);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static void systemctl_help(void) {
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
+               "Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help           Show this help\n"
+               "     --version        Show package version\n"
+               "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
+               "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
+               "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST\n"
+               "                      Operate on remote host\n"
+               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER\n"
+               "                      Operate on local container\n"
+               "  -t --type=TYPE      List units of a particular type\n"
+               "     --state=STATE    List units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE state\n"
+               "  -p --property=NAME  Show only properties by this name\n"
+               "  -a --all            Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty\n"
+               "                      ones. To list all units installed on the system, use\n"
+               "                      the 'list-unit-files' command instead.\n"
+               "  -l --full           Don't ellipsize unit names on output\n"
+               "  -r --recursive      Show unit list of host and local containers\n"
+               "     --reverse        Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'\n"
+               "     --job-mode=MODE  Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when\n"
+               "                      queueing a new job\n"
+               "     --show-types     When showing sockets, explicitly show their type\n"
+               "  -i --ignore-inhibitors\n"
+               "                      When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors\n"
+               "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
+               "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
+               "     --now            Start or stop unit in addition to enabling or disabling it\n"
+               "  -q --quiet          Suppress output\n"
+               "     --no-block       Do not wait until operation finished\n"
+               "     --no-wall        Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
+               "     --no-reload      Don't reload daemon after en-/dis-abling unit files\n"
+               "     --no-legend      Do not print a legend (column headers and hints)\n"
+               "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --no-ask-password\n"
+               "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
+               "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
+               "     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot\n"
+               "  -f --force          When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks\n"
+               "                      When shutting down, execute action immediately\n"
+               "     --preset-mode=   Apply only enable, only disable, or all presets\n"
+               "     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory\n"
+               "  -n --lines=INTEGER  Number of journal entries to show\n"
+               "  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,\n"
+               "                              short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,\n"
+               "                              export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
+               "     --firmware-setup Tell the firmware to show the setup menu on next boot\n"
+               "     --plain          Print unit dependencies as a list instead of a tree\n\n"
+               "Unit Commands:\n"
+               "  list-units [PATTERN...]         List loaded units\n"
+               "  list-sockets [PATTERN...]       List loaded sockets ordered by address\n"
+               "  list-timers [PATTERN...]        List loaded timers ordered by next elapse\n"
+               "  start NAME...                   Start (activate) one or more units\n"
+               "  stop NAME...                    Stop (deactivate) one or more units\n"
+               "  reload NAME...                  Reload one or more units\n"
+               "  restart NAME...                 Start or restart one or more units\n"
+               "  try-restart NAME...             Restart one or more units if active\n"
+               "  reload-or-restart NAME...       Reload one or more units if possible,\n"
+               "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
+               "  try-reload-or-restart NAME...   If active, reload one or more units,\n"
+               "                                  if supported, otherwise restart\n"
+               "  isolate NAME                    Start one unit and stop all others\n"
+               "  kill NAME...                    Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
+               "  is-active PATTERN...            Check whether units are active\n"
+               "  is-failed PATTERN...            Check whether units are failed\n"
+               "  status [PATTERN...|PID...]      Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
+               "  show [PATTERN...|JOB...]        Show properties of one or more\n"
+               "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
+               "  cat PATTERN...                  Show files and drop-ins of one or more units\n"
+               "  set-property NAME ASSIGNMENT... Sets one or more properties of a unit\n"
+               "  help PATTERN...|PID...          Show manual for one or more units\n"
+               "  reset-failed [PATTERN...]       Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
+               "                                  units\n"
+               "  list-dependencies [NAME]        Recursively show units which are required\n"
+               "                                  or wanted by this unit or by which this\n"
+               "                                  unit is required or wanted\n\n"
+               "Unit File Commands:\n"
+               "  list-unit-files [PATTERN...]    List installed unit files\n"
+               "  enable NAME...                  Enable one or more unit files\n"
+               "  disable NAME...                 Disable one or more unit files\n"
+               "  reenable NAME...                Reenable one or more unit files\n"
+               "  preset NAME...                  Enable/disable one or more unit files\n"
+               "                                  based on preset configuration\n"
+               "  preset-all                      Enable/disable all unit files based on\n"
+               "                                  preset configuration\n"
+               "  is-enabled NAME...              Check whether unit files are enabled\n"
+               "  mask NAME...                    Mask one or more units\n"
+               "  unmask NAME...                  Unmask one or more units\n"
+               "  link PATH...                    Link one or more units files into\n"
+               "                                  the search path\n"
+               "  add-wants TARGET NAME...        Add 'Wants' dependency for the target\n"
+               "                                  on specified one or more units\n"
+               "  add-requires TARGET NAME...     Add 'Requires' dependency for the target\n"
+               "                                  on specified one or more units\n"
+               "  edit NAME...                    Edit one or more unit files\n"
+               "  get-default                     Get the name of the default target\n"
+               "  set-default NAME                Set the default target\n\n"
+               "Machine Commands:\n"
+               "  list-machines [PATTERN...]      List local containers and host\n\n"
+               "Job Commands:\n"
+               "  list-jobs [PATTERN...]          List jobs\n"
+               "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n\n"
+               "Environment Commands:\n"
+               "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
+               "  set-environment NAME=VALUE...   Set one or more environment variables\n"
+               "  unset-environment NAME...       Unset one or more environment variables\n"
+               "  import-environment [NAME...]    Import all or some environment variables\n\n"
+               "Manager Lifecycle Commands:\n"
+               "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
+               "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n\n"
+               "System Commands:\n"
+               "  is-system-running               Check whether system is fully running\n"
+               "  default                         Enter system default mode\n"
+               "  rescue                          Enter system rescue mode\n"
+               "  emergency                       Enter system emergency mode\n"
+               "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
+               "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
+               "  reboot [ARG]                    Shut down and reboot the system\n"
+               "  kexec                           Shut down and reboot the system with kexec\n"
+               "  exit [EXIT_CODE]                Request user instance or container exit\n"
+               "  switch-root ROOT [INIT]         Change to a different root file system\n"
+               "  suspend                         Suspend the system\n"
+               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n"
+               "  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static void halt_help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]%s\n\n"
+               "%s the system.\n\n"
+               "     --help      Show this help\n"
+               "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
+               "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
+               "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
+               "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
+               "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
+               "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
+               "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name,
+               arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? " [ARG]" : "",
+               arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
+               arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
+                                               "Halt");
+}
+
+static void shutdown_help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [TIME] [WALL...]\n\n"
+               "Shut down the system.\n\n"
+               "     --help      Show this help\n"
+               "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
+               "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
+               "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
+               "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overridden by --halt\n"
+               "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
+               "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
+               "  -c             Cancel a pending shutdown\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static void telinit_help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
+               "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
+               "     --help      Show this help\n"
+               "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
+               "Commands:\n"
+               "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
+               "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
+               "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
+               "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
+               "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
+               "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static void runlevel_help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
+               "     --help      Show this help\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+}
+
+static void help_types(void) {
+        int i;
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("Available unit types:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(unit_type_to_string(i));
+}
+
+static void help_states(void) {
+        int i;
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("Available unit load states:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(unit_load_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable unit active states:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(unit_active_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable automount unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _AUTOMOUNT_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(automount_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable busname unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _BUSNAME_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(busname_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable device unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _DEVICE_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(device_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable mount unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _MOUNT_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(mount_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable path unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _PATH_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(path_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable scope unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _SCOPE_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(scope_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable service unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _SERVICE_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(service_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable slice unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _SLICE_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(slice_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable socket unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _SOCKET_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(socket_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable swap unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _SWAP_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(swap_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable target unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _TARGET_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(target_state_to_string(i));
+
+        if (!arg_no_legend)
+                puts("\nAvailable timer unit substates:");
+        for (i = 0; i < _TIMER_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                puts(timer_state_to_string(i));
+}
+
+static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
+                ARG_REVERSE,
+                ARG_AFTER,
+                ARG_BEFORE,
+                ARG_SHOW_TYPES,
+                ARG_IRREVERSIBLE,
+                ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES,
+                ARG_VERSION,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_GLOBAL,
+                ARG_NO_BLOCK,
+                ARG_NO_LEGEND,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_NO_WALL,
+                ARG_ROOT,
+                ARG_NO_RELOAD,
+                ARG_KILL_WHO,
+                ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
+                ARG_FAILED,
+                ARG_RUNTIME,
+                ARG_FORCE,
+                ARG_PLAIN,
+                ARG_STATE,
+                ARG_JOB_MODE,
+                ARG_PRESET_MODE,
+                ARG_FIRMWARE_SETUP,
+                ARG_NOW,
+                ARG_MESSAGE,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",                no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                     },
+                { "version",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION             },
+                { "type",                required_argument, NULL, 't'                     },
+                { "property",            required_argument, NULL, 'p'                     },
+                { "all",                 no_argument,       NULL, 'a'                     },
+                { "reverse",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REVERSE             },
+                { "after",               no_argument,       NULL, ARG_AFTER               },
+                { "before",              no_argument,       NULL, ARG_BEFORE              },
+                { "show-types",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SHOW_TYPES          },
+                { "failed",              no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAILED              }, /* compatibility only */
+                { "full",                no_argument,       NULL, 'l'                     },
+                { "job-mode",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_JOB_MODE            },
+                { "fail",                no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL                }, /* compatibility only */
+                { "irreversible",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_IRREVERSIBLE        }, /* compatibility only */
+                { "ignore-dependencies", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES }, /* compatibility only */
+                { "ignore-inhibitors",   no_argument,       NULL, 'i'                     },
+                { "user",                no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                },
+                { "system",              no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM              },
+                { "global",              no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL              },
+                { "no-block",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK            },
+                { "no-legend",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_LEGEND           },
+                { "no-pager",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER            },
+                { "no-wall",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL             },
+                { "quiet",               no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                     },
+                { "root",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT                },
+                { "force",               no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE               },
+                { "no-reload",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD           },
+                { "kill-who",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO            },
+                { "signal",              required_argument, NULL, 's'                     },
+                { "no-ask-password",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD     },
+                { "host",                required_argument, NULL, 'H'                     },
+                { "machine",             required_argument, NULL, 'M'                     },
+                { "runtime",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME             },
+                { "lines",               required_argument, NULL, 'n'                     },
+                { "output",              required_argument, NULL, 'o'                     },
+                { "plain",               no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PLAIN               },
+                { "state",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_STATE               },
+                { "recursive",           no_argument,       NULL, 'r'                     },
+                { "preset-mode",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_PRESET_MODE         },
+                { "firmware-setup",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FIRMWARE_SETUP      },
+                { "now",                 no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NOW                 },
+                { "message",             required_argument, NULL, ARG_MESSAGE             },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        const char *p;
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        /* we default to allowing interactive authorization only in systemctl (not in the legacy commands) */
+        arg_ask_password = true;
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:alqfs:H:M:n:o:ir", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case 'h':
+                        systemctl_help();
+                        return 0;
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        return version();
+
+                case 't': {
+                        if (isempty(optarg)) {
+                                log_error("--type requires arguments.");
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        p = optarg;
+                        for(;;) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *type = NULL;
+
+                                r = extract_first_word(&p, &type, ",", 0);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse type: %s", optarg);
+
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        break;
+
+                                if (streq(type, "help")) {
+                                        help_types();
+                                        return 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (unit_type_from_string(type) >= 0) {
+                                        if (strv_push(&arg_types, type) < 0)
+                                                return log_oom();
+                                        type = NULL;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                /* It's much nicer to use --state= for
+                                 * load states, but let's support this
+                                 * in --types= too for compatibility
+                                 * with old versions */
+                                if (unit_load_state_from_string(type) >= 0) {
+                                        if (strv_push(&arg_states, type) < 0)
+                                                return log_oom();
+                                        type = NULL;
+                                        continue;
+                                }
+
+                                log_error("Unknown unit type or load state '%s'.", type);
+                                log_info("Use -t help to see a list of allowed values.");
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case 'p': {
+                        /* Make sure that if the empty property list
+                           was specified, we won't show any properties. */
+                        if (isempty(optarg) && !arg_properties) {
+                                arg_properties = new0(char*, 1);
+                                if (!arg_properties)
+                                        return log_oom();
+                        } else {
+                                p = optarg;
+                                for(;;) {
+                                        _cleanup_free_ char *prop = NULL;
+
+                                        r = extract_first_word(&p, &prop, ",", 0);
+                                        if (r < 0)
+                                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse property: %s", optarg);
+
+                                        if (r == 0)
+                                                break;
+
+                                        if (strv_push(&arg_properties, prop) < 0)
+                                                return log_oom();
+
+                                        prop = NULL;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* If the user asked for a particular
+                         * property, show it to him, even if it is
+                         * empty. */
+                        arg_all = true;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case 'a':
+                        arg_all = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_REVERSE:
+                        arg_dependency = DEPENDENCY_REVERSE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_AFTER:
+                        arg_dependency = DEPENDENCY_AFTER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_BEFORE:
+                        arg_dependency = DEPENDENCY_BEFORE;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHOW_TYPES:
+                        arg_show_types = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_JOB_MODE:
+                        arg_job_mode = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FAIL:
+                        arg_job_mode = "fail";
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_IRREVERSIBLE:
+                        arg_job_mode = "replace-irreversibly";
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES:
+                        arg_job_mode = "ignore-dependencies";
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_USER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_GLOBAL:
+                        arg_scope = UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
+                        arg_no_block = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_LEGEND:
+                        arg_no_legend = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_WALL:
+                        arg_no_wall = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_ROOT:
+                        r = parse_path_argument_and_warn(optarg, true, &arg_root);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'l':
+                        arg_full = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FAILED:
+                        if (strv_extend(&arg_states, "failed") < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case 'q':
+                        arg_quiet = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FORCE:
+                        arg_force ++;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'f':
+                        arg_force ++;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
+                        arg_no_reload = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_KILL_WHO:
+                        arg_kill_who = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 's':
+                        arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg);
+                        if (arg_signal < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD:
+                        arg_ask_password = false;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'H':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_REMOTE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        arg_transport = BUS_TRANSPORT_MACHINE;
+                        arg_host = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_RUNTIME:
+                        arg_runtime = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'n':
+                        if (safe_atou(optarg, &arg_lines) < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case 'o':
+                        arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (arg_output < 0) {
+                                log_error("Unknown output '%s'.", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case 'i':
+                        arg_ignore_inhibitors = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PLAIN:
+                        arg_plain = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FIRMWARE_SETUP:
+                        arg_firmware_setup = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_STATE: {
+                        if (isempty(optarg)) {
+                                log_error("--signal requires arguments.");
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        p = optarg;
+                        for(;;) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
+
+                                r = extract_first_word(&p, &s, ",", 0);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse signal: %s", optarg);
+
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        break;
+
+                                if (streq(s, "help")) {
+                                        help_states();
+                                        return 0;
+                                }
+
+                                if (strv_push(&arg_states, s) < 0)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                s = NULL;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case 'r':
+                        if (geteuid() != 0) {
+                                log_error("--recursive requires root privileges.");
+                                return -EPERM;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_recursive = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_PRESET_MODE:
+
+                        arg_preset_mode = unit_file_preset_mode_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (arg_preset_mode < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse preset mode: %s.", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NOW:
+                        arg_now = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_MESSAGE:
+                        if (strv_extend(&arg_wall, optarg) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        if (arg_transport != BUS_TRANSPORT_LOCAL && arg_scope != UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM) {
+                log_error("Cannot access user instance remotely.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_HELP = 0x100,
+                ARG_HALT,
+                ARG_REBOOT,
+                ARG_NO_WALL
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
+                { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
+                { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
+                { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
+                { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
+                { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
+                { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
+                { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c, r, runlevel;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
+                if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
+                        arg_force = 2;
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_HELP:
+                        halt_help();
+                        return 0;
+
+                case ARG_HALT:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'p':
+                        if (arg_action != ACTION_REBOOT)
+                                arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_REBOOT:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'f':
+                        arg_force = 2;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'w':
+                        arg_dry = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'd':
+                        arg_no_wtmp = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_WALL:
+                        arg_no_wall = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'i':
+                case 'h':
+                case 'n':
+                        /* Compatibility nops */
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT && (argc == optind || argc == optind + 1)) {
+                r = update_reboot_param_file(argc == optind + 1 ? argv[optind] : NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (optind < argc) {
+                log_error("Too many arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_shutdown_time_spec(const char *t, usec_t *_u) {
+        assert(t);
+        assert(_u);
+
+        if (streq(t, "now"))
+                *_u = 0;
+        else if (!strchr(t, ':')) {
+                uint64_t u;
+
+                if (safe_atou64(t, &u) < 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                *_u = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE * u;
+        } else {
+                char *e = NULL;
+                long hour, minute;
+                struct tm tm = {};
+                time_t s;
+                usec_t n;
+
+                errno = 0;
+                hour = strtol(t, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0 || *e != ':' || hour < 0 || hour > 23)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                minute = strtol(e+1, &e, 10);
+                if (errno > 0 || *e != 0 || minute < 0 || minute > 59)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
+                s = (time_t) (n / USEC_PER_SEC);
+
+                assert_se(localtime_r(&s, &tm));
+
+                tm.tm_hour = (int) hour;
+                tm.tm_min = (int) minute;
+                tm.tm_sec = 0;
+
+                assert_se(s = mktime(&tm));
+
+                *_u = (usec_t) s * USEC_PER_SEC;
+
+                while (*_u <= n)
+                        *_u += USEC_PER_DAY;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_HELP = 0x100,
+                ARG_NO_WALL
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
+                { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
+                { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
+                { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
+                { "kexec",     no_argument,       NULL, 'K'         }, /* not documented extension */
+                { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        char **wall = NULL;
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkKtafFc", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_HELP:
+                        shutdown_help();
+                        return 0;
+
+                case 'H':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'P':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'r':
+                        if (kexec_loaded())
+                                arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
+                        else
+                                arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'K':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'h':
+                        if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
+                                arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'k':
+                        arg_dry = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_WALL:
+                        arg_no_wall = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 't':
+                case 'a':
+                case 'f':
+                case 'F':
+                        /* Compatibility nops */
+                        break;
+
+                case 'c':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action != ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN) {
+                r = parse_shutdown_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        } else
+                arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action == ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN)
+                /* No time argument for shutdown cancel */
+                wall = argv + optind;
+        else if (argc > optind + 1)
+                /* We skip the time argument */
+                wall = argv + optind + 1;
+
+        if (wall) {
+                arg_wall = strv_copy(wall);
+                if (!arg_wall)
+                        return log_oom();
+        }
+
+        optind = argc;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_HELP = 0x100,
+                ARG_NO_WALL
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
+                { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        static const struct {
+                char from;
+                enum action to;
+        } table[] = {
+                { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
+                { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
+                { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
+                { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
+                { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
+                { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
+                { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
+                { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
+                { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
+                { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
+                { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
+                { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
+                { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
+        };
+
+        unsigned i;
+        int c;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_HELP:
+                        telinit_help();
+                        return 0;
+
+                case ARG_NO_WALL:
+                        arg_no_wall = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        if (optind >= argc) {
+                log_error("%s: required argument missing.", program_invocation_short_name);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (optind + 1 < argc) {
+                log_error("Too many arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
+                log_error("Expected single character argument.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
+                if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
+                        break;
+
+        if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
+                log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", argv[optind]);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        arg_action = table[i].to;
+
+        optind ++;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_HELP = 0x100,
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c;
+
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_HELP:
+                        runlevel_help();
+                        return 0;
+
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+                }
+
+        if (optind < argc) {
+                log_error("Too many arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        if (program_invocation_short_name) {
+
+                if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
+                        arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
+                        return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
+                        arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
+                        return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
+                        if (kexec_loaded())
+                                arg_action = ACTION_KEXEC;
+                        else
+                                arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
+                        return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
+                        arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
+                        return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
+
+                        if (sd_booted() > 0) {
+                                arg_action = _ACTION_INVALID;
+                                return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                        } else {
+                                /* Hmm, so some other init system is
+                                 * running, we need to forward this
+                                 * request to it. For now we simply
+                                 * guess that it is Upstart. */
+
+                                execv(TELINIT, argv);
+
+                                log_error("Couldn't find an alternative telinit implementation to spawn.");
+                                return -EIO;
+                        }
+
+                } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
+                        arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
+                        return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+                }
+        }
+
+        arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
+        return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
+}
+
+_pure_ static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
+
+        static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
+                [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
+                [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
+                [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
+                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
+                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
+                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
+                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
+                [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
+        };
+
+        assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
+
+        return table[arg_action];
+}
+
+static int talk_initctl(void) {
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        struct init_request request = {
+                .magic = INIT_MAGIC,
+                .sleeptime  = 0,
+                .cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL
+        };
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+        char rl;
+        int r;
+
+        rl = action_to_runlevel();
+        if (!rl)
+                return 0;
+
+        request.runlevel = rl;
+
+        fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOENT)
+                        return 0;
+
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
+        }
+
+        r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
+
+        return 1;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int systemctl_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        static const Verb verbs[] = {
+                { "list-units",            VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_DEFAULT|VERB_NOCHROOT, list_units },
+                { "list-unit-files",       VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, 0,             list_unit_files   },
+                { "list-sockets",          VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, list_sockets      },
+                { "list-timers",           VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, list_timers       },
+                { "list-jobs",             VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, list_jobs         },
+                { "list-machines",         VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, list_machines     },
+                { "clear-jobs",            VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, daemon_reload     },
+                { "cancel",                VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, cancel_job        },
+                { "start",                 2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "stop",                  2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "condstop",              2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with ALTLinux */
+                { "reload",                2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "restart",               2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "try-restart",           2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "reload-or-restart",     2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "reload-or-try-restart", 2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        }, /* For compatbility with old systemctl <= 228 */
+                { "try-reload-or-restart", 2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "force-reload",          2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with SysV */
+                { "condreload",            2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with ALTLinux */
+                { "condrestart",           2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
+                { "isolate",               2,        2,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_unit        },
+                { "kill",                  2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, kill_unit         },
+                { "is-active",             2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, check_unit_active },
+                { "check",                 2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, check_unit_active },
+                { "is-failed",             2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, check_unit_failed },
+                { "show",                  VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, show              },
+                { "cat",                   2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, cat               },
+                { "status",                VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, show              },
+                { "help",                  VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, show              },
+                { "daemon-reload",         VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, daemon_reload     },
+                { "daemon-reexec",         VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, daemon_reload     },
+                { "show-environment",      VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, show_environment  },
+                { "set-environment",       2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, set_environment   },
+                { "unset-environment",     2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, set_environment   },
+                { "import-environment",    VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, import_environment},
+                { "halt",                  VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "poweroff",              VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "reboot",                VERB_ANY, 2,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "kexec",                 VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "suspend",               VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "hibernate",             VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "hybrid-sleep",          VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "default",               VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "rescue",                VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "emergency",             VERB_ANY, 1,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "exit",                  VERB_ANY, 2,        VERB_NOCHROOT, start_special     },
+                { "reset-failed",          VERB_ANY, VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, reset_failed      },
+                { "enable",                2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "disable",               2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "is-enabled",            2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             unit_is_enabled   },
+                { "reenable",              2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "preset",                2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "preset-all",            VERB_ANY, 1,        0,             preset_all        },
+                { "mask",                  2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "unmask",                2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "link",                  2,        VERB_ANY, 0,             enable_unit       },
+                { "switch-root",           2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, switch_root       },
+                { "list-dependencies",     VERB_ANY, 2,        VERB_NOCHROOT, list_dependencies },
+                { "set-default",           2,        2,        0,             set_default       },
+                { "get-default",           VERB_ANY, 1,        0,             get_default,      },
+                { "set-property",          3,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, set_property      },
+                { "is-system-running",     VERB_ANY, 1,        0,             is_system_running },
+                { "add-wants",             3,        VERB_ANY, 0,             add_dependency    },
+                { "add-requires",          3,        VERB_ANY, 0,             add_dependency    },
+                { "edit",                  2,        VERB_ANY, VERB_NOCHROOT, edit              },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        return dispatch_verb(argc, argv, verbs, NULL);
+}
+
+static int reload_with_fallback(void) {
+
+        /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
+        if (daemon_reload(0, NULL, NULL) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
+        assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
+
+        if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "kill() failed: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int start_with_fallback(void) {
+
+        /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
+        if (start_unit(0, NULL, NULL) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
+         * /dev/initctl */
+        if (talk_initctl() > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
+        return -EIO;
+}
+
+static int halt_now(enum action a) {
+
+        /* The kernel will automaticall flush ATA disks and suchlike
+         * on reboot(), but the file systems need to be synce'd
+         * explicitly in advance. */
+        (void) sync();
+
+        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this point
+         * on... */
+        (void) reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
+
+        switch (a) {
+
+        case ACTION_HALT:
+                log_info("Halting.");
+                (void) reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
+                return -errno;
+
+        case ACTION_POWEROFF:
+                log_info("Powering off.");
+                (void) reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
+                return -errno;
+
+        case ACTION_KEXEC:
+        case ACTION_REBOOT: {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *param = NULL;
+
+                if (read_one_line_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, &param) >= 0) {
+                        log_info("Rebooting with argument '%s'.", param);
+                        (void) syscall(SYS_reboot, LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1, LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2, LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2, param);
+                }
+
+                log_info("Rebooting.");
+                (void) reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown action.");
+        }
+}
+
+static int logind_schedule_shutdown(void) {
+
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        char date[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+        const char *action;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        (void) logind_set_wall_message();
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        switch (arg_action) {
+        case ACTION_HALT:
+                action = "halt";
+                break;
+        case ACTION_POWEROFF:
+                action = "poweroff";
+                break;
+        case ACTION_KEXEC:
+                action = "kexec";
+                break;
+        case ACTION_EXIT:
+                action = "exit";
+                break;
+        case ACTION_REBOOT:
+        default:
+                action = "reboot";
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_dry)
+                action = strjoina("dry-", action);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "ScheduleShutdown",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "st",
+                        action,
+                        arg_when);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to call ScheduleShutdown in logind, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        log_info("Shutdown scheduled for %s, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel.", format_timestamp(date, sizeof(date), arg_when));
+        return 0;
+#else
+        log_error("Cannot schedule shutdown without logind support, proceeding with immediate shutdown.");
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int halt_main(void) {
+        int r;
+
+        r = logind_check_inhibitors(arg_action);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (arg_when > 0)
+                return logind_schedule_shutdown();
+
+        if (geteuid() != 0) {
+                if (arg_dry || arg_force > 0) {
+                        log_error("Must be root.");
+                        return -EPERM;
+                }
+
+                /* Try logind if we are a normal user and no special
+                 * mode applies. Maybe PolicyKit allows us to shutdown
+                 * the machine. */
+                if (IN_SET(arg_action, ACTION_POWEROFF, ACTION_REBOOT)) {
+                        r = logind_reboot(arg_action);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                return r;
+                        if (IN_SET(r, -EOPNOTSUPP, -EINPROGRESS))
+                                /* requested operation is not
+                                 * supported on the local system or
+                                 * already in progress */
+                                return r;
+                        /* on all other errors, try low-level operation */
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!arg_dry && !arg_force)
+                return start_with_fallback();
+
+        assert(geteuid() == 0);
+
+        if (!arg_no_wtmp) {
+                if (sd_booted() > 0)
+                        log_debug("Not writing utmp record, assuming that systemd-update-utmp is used.");
+                else {
+                        r = utmp_put_shutdown();
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write utmp record: %m");
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_dry)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = halt_now(arg_action);
+        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reboot: %m");
+}
+
+static int runlevel_main(void) {
+        int r, runlevel, previous;
+
+        r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                puts("unknown");
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        printf("%c %c\n",
+               previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
+               runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int logind_cancel_shutdown(void) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        sd_bus *bus;
+        int r;
+
+        r = acquire_bus(BUS_FULL, &bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        (void) logind_set_wall_message();
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "CancelScheduledShutdown",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to talk to logind, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+        return 0;
+#else
+        log_error("Not compiled with logind support, cannot cancel scheduled shutdowns.");
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
+        int r;
+
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        /* Explicitly not on_tty() to avoid setting cached value.
+         * This becomes relevant for piping output which might be
+         * ellipsized. */
+        original_stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                goto finish;
+
+        if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && running_in_chroot() > 0) {
+                log_info("Running in chroot, ignoring request.");
+                r = 0;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* systemctl_main() will print an error message for the bus
+         * connection, but only if it needs to */
+
+        switch (arg_action) {
+
+        case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL:
+                r = systemctl_main(argc, argv);
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_HALT:
+        case ACTION_POWEROFF:
+        case ACTION_REBOOT:
+        case ACTION_KEXEC:
+                r = halt_main();
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
+        case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
+        case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
+        case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
+        case ACTION_RESCUE:
+        case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
+        case ACTION_DEFAULT:
+                r = start_with_fallback();
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_RELOAD:
+        case ACTION_REEXEC:
+                r = reload_with_fallback();
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
+                r = logind_cancel_shutdown();
+                break;
+
+        case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
+                r = runlevel_main();
+                break;
+
+        case _ACTION_INVALID:
+        default:
+                assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
+        }
+
+finish:
+        pager_close();
+        ask_password_agent_close();
+        polkit_agent_close();
+
+        strv_free(arg_types);
+        strv_free(arg_states);
+        strv_free(arg_properties);
+
+        strv_free(arg_wall);
+        free(arg_root);
+
+        release_busses();
+
+        /* Note that we return r here, not EXIT_SUCCESS, so that we can implement the LSB-like return codes */
+
+        return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : r;
+}
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemd-sysv-install.SKELETON b/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemd-sysv-install.SKELETON
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..a53a3e6221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemctl/systemd-sysv-install.SKELETON
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# This script is called by "systemctl enable/disable" when the given unit is a
+# SysV init.d script. It needs to call the distribution's mechanism for
+# enabling/disabling those, such as chkconfig, update-rc.d, or similar. This
+# can optionally take a --root argument for enabling a SysV init script
+# in a chroot or similar.
+set -e
+
+usage() {
+    echo "Usage: $0 [--root=path] enable|disable|is-enabled <sysv script name>" >&2
+    exit 1
+}
+
+# parse options
+eval set -- "$(getopt -o r: --long root: -- "$@")"
+while true; do
+    case "$1" in
+        -r|--root)
+            ROOT="$2"
+            shift 2 ;;
+        --) shift ; break ;;
+        *) usage ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+NAME="$2"
+[ -n "$NAME" ] || usage
+
+case "$1" in
+    enable)
+        # call the command to enable SysV init script $NAME here
+        # (consider optional $ROOT)
+        echo "IMPLEMENT ME: enabling SysV init.d script $NAME"
+        ;;
+    disable)
+        # call the command to disable SysV init script $NAME here
+        # (consider optional $ROOT)
+        echo "IMPLEMENT ME: disabling SysV init.d script $NAME"
+        ;;
+    is-enabled)
+        # exit with 0 if $NAME is enabled, non-zero if it is disabled
+        # (consider optional $ROOT)
+        echo "IMPLEMENT ME: checking SysV init.d script $NAME"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        usage ;;
+esac
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/Makefile b/src/grp-system/systemd/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e77395c7cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#  -*- Mode: makefile; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
+#
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  Copyright 2010-2012 Lennart Poettering
+#  Copyright 2010-2012 Kay Sievers
+#  Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#  Copyright 2013 David Strauss
+#  Copyright 2016 Luke Shumaker
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+#  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+include $(dir $(lastword $(MAKEFILE_LIST)))/../../config.mk
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.head.mk
+
+systemd_SOURCES = \
+	src/core/main.c
+
+systemd_CFLAGS = \
+	$(AM_CFLAGS) \
+	$(SECCOMP_CFLAGS) \
+	$(MOUNT_CFLAGS)
+
+systemd_LDADD = \
+	libcore.la
+
+dist_pkgsysconf_DATA += \
+	src/core/system.conf \
+	src/core/user.conf
+
+dist_dbuspolicy_DATA += \
+	src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
+
+dist_dbussystemservice_DATA += \
+	src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service
+
+polkitpolicy_in_in_files += \
+	src/core/org.freedesktop.systemd1.policy.in.in
+
+pkgconfigdata_DATA += \
+	src/core/systemd.pc
+
+nodist_rpmmacros_DATA = \
+	src/core/macros.systemd
+
+EXTRA_DIST += \
+	src/core/systemd.pc.in \
+	src/core/macros.systemd.in \
+	src/core/triggers.systemd.in
+
+dist_systemunit_DATA_busnames += \
+	units/org.freedesktop.systemd1.busname
+
+BUSNAMES_TARGET_WANTS += \
+	org.freedesktop.systemd1.busname
+
+$(eval $(value automake2autothing))
+include $(topsrcdir)/build-aux/Makefile.tail.mk
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/macros.systemd.in b/src/grp-system/systemd/macros.systemd.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cace3d3ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/macros.systemd.in
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#  -*- Mode: rpm-spec; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
+#
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+#  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# RPM macros for packages installing systemd unit files
+
+%_unitdir @systemunitdir@
+%_userunitdir @userunitdir@
+%_presetdir @systempresetdir@
+%_udevhwdbdir @udevhwdbdir@
+%_udevrulesdir @udevrulesdir@
+%_journalcatalogdir @catalogdir@
+%_tmpfilesdir @tmpfilesdir@
+%_sysusersdir @sysusersdir@
+%_sysctldir @sysctldir@
+%_binfmtdir @binfmtdir@
+
+%systemd_requires \
+Requires(post): systemd \
+Requires(preun): systemd \
+Requires(postun): systemd \
+%{nil}
+
+%systemd_post() \
+if [ $1 -eq 1 ] ; then \
+        # Initial installation \
+        systemctl --no-reload preset %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+fi \
+%{nil}
+
+%systemd_user_post() %{expand:%systemd_post \\--user \\--global %%{?*}}
+
+%systemd_preun() \
+if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then \
+        # Package removal, not upgrade \
+        systemctl --no-reload disable --now %{?*} > /dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+fi \
+%{nil}
+
+%systemd_user_preun() \
+if [ $1 -eq 0 ] ; then \
+        # Package removal, not upgrade \
+        systemctl --no-reload --user --global disable %{?*} > /dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+fi \
+%{nil}
+
+%systemd_postun() %{nil}
+
+%systemd_user_postun() %{nil}
+
+%systemd_postun_with_restart() \
+if [ $1 -ge 1 ] ; then \
+        # Package upgrade, not uninstall \
+        systemctl try-restart %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+fi \
+%{nil}
+
+%systemd_user_postun_with_restart() %{nil}
+
+%udev_hwdb_update() \
+udevadm hwdb --update >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%udev_rules_update() \
+udevadm control --reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%journal_catalog_update() \
+journalctl --update-catalog >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%tmpfiles_create() \
+systemd-tmpfiles --create %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%sysusers_create() \
+systemd-sysusers %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%sysusers_create_inline() \
+echo %{?*} | systemd-sysusers - >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%sysctl_apply() \
+@rootlibexecdir@/systemd-sysctl %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
+
+%binfmt_apply() \
+@rootlibexecdir@/systemd-binfmt %{?*} >/dev/null 2>&1 || : \
+%{nil}
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/main.c b/src/grp-system/systemd/main.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc151cde85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/main.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2142 @@
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/reboot.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+#include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <systemd/sd-bus.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+
+#include "alloc-util.h"
+#include "architecture.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "capability-util.h"
+#include "clock-util.h"
+#include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "cpu-set-util.h"
+#include "dbus-manager.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fdset.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "formats-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
+#include "hostname-setup.h"
+#include "ima-setup.h"
+#include "killall.h"
+#include "kmod-setup.h"
+#include "load-fragment.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "loopback-setup.h"
+#include "machine-id-setup.h"
+#include "manager.h"
+#include "missing.h"
+#include "mount-setup.h"
+#include "pager.h"
+#include "parse-util.h"
+#include "proc-cmdline.h"
+#include "process-util.h"
+#include "rlimit-util.h"
+#include "selinux-setup.h"
+#include "selinux-util.h"
+#include "signal-util.h"
+#include "smack-setup.h"
+#include "special.h"
+#include "stat-util.h"
+#include "stdio-util.h"
+#include "strv.h"
+#include "switch-root.h"
+#include "terminal-util.h"
+#include "user-util.h"
+#include "virt.h"
+#include "watchdog.h"
+
+static enum {
+        ACTION_RUN,
+        ACTION_HELP,
+        ACTION_VERSION,
+        ACTION_TEST,
+        ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+        ACTION_DONE
+} arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
+static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
+static ManagerRunningAs arg_running_as = _MANAGER_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
+static bool arg_dump_core = true;
+static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
+static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
+static bool arg_crash_reboot = false;
+static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
+static ShowStatus arg_show_status = _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET;
+static bool arg_switched_root = false;
+static int arg_no_pager = -1;
+static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
+static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
+static usec_t arg_default_restart_usec = DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC;
+static usec_t arg_default_timeout_start_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+static usec_t arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
+static usec_t arg_default_start_limit_interval = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_INTERVAL;
+static unsigned arg_default_start_limit_burst = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST;
+static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
+static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+static char **arg_default_environment = NULL;
+static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {};
+static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set = CAP_ALL;
+static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = NSEC_INFINITY;
+static usec_t arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec = 1 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+static Set* arg_syscall_archs = NULL;
+static FILE* arg_serialization = NULL;
+static bool arg_default_cpu_accounting = false;
+static bool arg_default_blockio_accounting = false;
+static bool arg_default_memory_accounting = false;
+static bool arg_default_tasks_accounting = true;
+static uint64_t arg_default_tasks_max = UINT64_C(512);
+static sd_id128_t arg_machine_id = {};
+
+static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        if (arg_no_pager <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        pager_open(false);
+}
+
+noreturn static void freeze_or_reboot(void) {
+
+        if (arg_crash_reboot) {
+                log_notice("Rebooting in 10s...");
+                (void) sleep(10);
+
+                log_notice("Rebooting now...");
+                (void) reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
+                log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to reboot: %m");
+        }
+
+        log_emergency("Freezing execution.");
+        freeze();
+}
+
+noreturn static void crash(int sig) {
+        struct sigaction sa;
+        pid_t pid;
+
+        if (getpid() != 1)
+                /* Pass this on immediately, if this is not PID 1 */
+                (void) raise(sig);
+        else if (!arg_dump_core)
+                log_emergency("Caught <%s>, not dumping core.", signal_to_string(sig));
+        else {
+                sa = (struct sigaction) {
+                        .sa_handler = nop_signal_handler,
+                        .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_RESTART,
+                };
+
+                /* We want to wait for the core process, hence let's enable SIGCHLD */
+                (void) sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
+
+                pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD, NULL);
+                if (pid < 0)
+                        log_emergency_errno(errno, "Caught <%s>, cannot fork for core dump: %m", signal_to_string(sig));
+                else if (pid == 0) {
+                        /* Enable default signal handler for core dump */
+
+                        sa = (struct sigaction) {
+                                .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
+                        };
+                        (void) sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
+
+                        /* Don't limit the coredump size */
+                        (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY));
+
+                        /* Just to be sure... */
+                        (void) chdir("/");
+
+                        /* Raise the signal again */
+                        pid = raw_getpid();
+                        (void) kill(pid, sig); /* raise() would kill the parent */
+
+                        assert_not_reached("We shouldn't be here...");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                } else {
+                        siginfo_t status;
+                        int r;
+
+                        /* Order things nicely. */
+                        r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_emergency_errno(r, "Caught <%s>, waitpid() failed: %m", signal_to_string(sig));
+                        else if (status.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
+                                log_emergency("Caught <%s>, core dump failed (child "PID_FMT", code=%s, status=%i/%s).",
+                                              signal_to_string(sig),
+                                              pid, sigchld_code_to_string(status.si_code),
+                                              status.si_status,
+                                              strna(status.si_code == CLD_EXITED
+                                                    ? exit_status_to_string(status.si_status, EXIT_STATUS_FULL)
+                                                    : signal_to_string(status.si_status)));
+                        else
+                                log_emergency("Caught <%s>, dumped core as pid "PID_FMT".", signal_to_string(sig), pid);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_crash_chvt >= 0)
+                (void) chvt(arg_crash_chvt);
+
+        sa = (struct sigaction) {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP|SA_NOCLDWAIT|SA_RESTART,
+        };
+
+        /* Let the kernel reap children for us */
+        (void) sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL);
+
+        if (arg_crash_shell) {
+                log_notice("Executing crash shell in 10s...");
+                (void) sleep(10);
+
+                pid = raw_clone(SIGCHLD, NULL);
+                if (pid < 0)
+                        log_emergency_errno(errno, "Failed to fork off crash shell: %m");
+                else if (pid == 0) {
+                        (void) setsid();
+                        (void) make_console_stdio();
+                        (void) execle("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL, environ);
+
+                        log_emergency_errno(errno, "execle() failed: %m");
+                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                } else {
+                        log_info("Spawned crash shell as PID "PID_FMT".", pid);
+                        (void) wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
+                }
+        }
+
+        freeze_or_reboot();
+}
+
+static void install_crash_handler(void) {
+        static const struct sigaction sa = {
+                .sa_handler = crash,
+                .sa_flags = SA_NODEFER, /* So that we can raise the signal again from the signal handler */
+        };
+        int r;
+
+        /* We ignore the return value here, since, we don't mind if we
+         * cannot set up a crash handler */
+        r = sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_debug_errno(r, "I had trouble setting up the crash handler, ignoring: %m");
+}
+
+static int console_setup(void) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (tty_fd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(tty_fd, "Failed to open /dev/console: %m");
+
+        /* We don't want to force text mode.  plymouth may be showing
+         * pictures already from initrd. */
+        r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reset /dev/console: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_crash_chvt(const char *value) {
+        int b;
+
+        if (safe_atoi(value, &arg_crash_chvt) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        b = parse_boolean(value);
+        if (b < 0)
+                return b;
+
+        if (b > 0)
+                arg_crash_chvt = 0; /* switch to where kmsg goes */
+        else
+                arg_crash_chvt = -1; /* turn off switching */
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int set_machine_id(const char *m) {
+
+        if (sd_id128_from_string(m, &arg_machine_id) < 0)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (sd_id128_is_null(arg_machine_id))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(key);
+
+        if (streq(key, "systemd.unit") && value) {
+
+                if (!in_initrd())
+                        return free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "rd.systemd.unit") && value) {
+
+                if (in_initrd())
+                        return free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.dump_core") && value) {
+
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_dump_core = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.crash_chvt") && value) {
+
+                if (parse_crash_chvt(value) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.crash_shell") && value) {
+
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_crash_shell = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.crash_reboot") && value) {
+
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash reboot switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_crash_reboot = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.confirm_spawn") && value) {
+
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_confirm_spawn = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.show_status") && value) {
+
+                r = parse_show_status(value, &arg_show_status);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_output") && value) {
+
+                r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_default_std_output = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_error") && value) {
+
+                r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
+                else
+                        arg_default_std_error = r;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.setenv") && value) {
+
+                if (env_assignment_is_valid(value)) {
+                        char **env;
+
+                        env = strv_env_set(arg_default_environment, value);
+                        if (env)
+                                arg_default_environment = env;
+                        else
+                                log_warning_errno(ENOMEM, "Setting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %m", value);
+                } else
+                        log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.machine_id") && value) {
+
+               r = set_machine_id(value);
+               if (r < 0)
+                       log_warning("MachineID '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "quiet") && !value) {
+
+                if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
+                        arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_AUTO;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "debug") && !value) {
+
+                /* Note that log_parse_environment() handles 'debug'
+                 * too, and sets the log level to LOG_DEBUG. */
+
+                if (detect_container() > 0)
+                        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+
+        } else if (!in_initrd() && !value) {
+                const char *target;
+
+                /* SysV compatibility */
+                target = runlevel_to_target(key);
+                if (target)
+                        return free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, target);
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_SETTER(name, func, descr)                              \
+        static int name(const char *unit,                             \
+                        const char *filename,                         \
+                        unsigned line,                                \
+                        const char *section,                          \
+                        unsigned section_line,                        \
+                        const char *lvalue,                           \
+                        int ltype,                                    \
+                        const char *rvalue,                           \
+                        void *data,                                   \
+                        void *userdata) {                             \
+                                                                      \
+                int r;                                                \
+                                                                      \
+                assert(filename);                                     \
+                assert(lvalue);                                       \
+                assert(rvalue);                                       \
+                                                                      \
+                r = func(rvalue);                                     \
+                if (r < 0)                                            \
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r,  \
+                                   "Invalid " descr "'%s': %m",       \
+                                   rvalue);                           \
+                                                                      \
+                return 0;                                             \
+        }
+
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_level2, log_set_max_level_from_string, "log level")
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target")
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color" )
+DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location")
+
+static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        _cleanup_cpu_free_ cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
+        int ncpus;
+
+        ncpus = parse_cpu_set_and_warn(rvalue, &c, unit, filename, line, lvalue);
+        if (ncpus < 0)
+                return ncpus;
+
+        if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to set CPU affinity: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_show_status(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int k;
+        ShowStatus *b = data;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        k = parse_show_status(rvalue, b);
+        if (k < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, k, "Failed to parse show status setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_crash_chvt(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int r;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        r = parse_crash_chvt(rvalue);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Failed to parse CrashChangeVT= setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
+                                         const char *filename,
+                                         unsigned line,
+                                         const char *section,
+                                         unsigned section_line,
+                                         const char *lvalue,
+                                         int ltype,
+                                         const char *rvalue,
+                                         void *data,
+                                         void *userdata) {
+
+        const char *whole_rvalue = rvalue;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+
+        arg_join_controllers = strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word = NULL;
+                char **l;
+                int r;
+
+                r = extract_first_word(&rvalue, &word, WHITESPACE, EXTRACT_QUOTES);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, r, "Invalid value for %s: %s", lvalue, whole_rvalue);
+                        return r;
+                }
+                if (r == 0)
+                        break;
+
+                l = strv_split(word, ",");
+                if (!l)
+                        return log_oom();
+                strv_uniq(l);
+
+                if (strv_length(l) <= 1) {
+                        strv_free(l);
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_join_controllers) {
+                        arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 2);
+                        if (!arg_join_controllers) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return log_oom();
+                        }
+
+                        arg_join_controllers[0] = l;
+                        arg_join_controllers[1] = NULL;
+
+                        n = 1;
+                } else {
+                        char ***a;
+                        char ***t;
+
+                        t = new0(char**, n+2);
+                        if (!t) {
+                                strv_free(l);
+                                return log_oom();
+                        }
+
+                        n = 0;
+
+                        for (a = arg_join_controllers; *a; a++) {
+
+                                if (strv_overlap(*a, l)) {
+                                        if (strv_extend_strv(&l, *a, false) < 0) {
+                                                strv_free(l);
+                                                strv_free_free(t);
+                                                return log_oom();
+                                        }
+
+                                } else {
+                                        char **c;
+
+                                        c = strv_copy(*a);
+                                        if (!c) {
+                                                strv_free(l);
+                                                strv_free_free(t);
+                                                return log_oom();
+                                        }
+
+                                        t[n++] = c;
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        t[n++] = strv_uniq(l);
+
+                        strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+                        arg_join_controllers = t;
+                }
+        }
+        if (!isempty(rvalue))
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, 0, "Trailing garbage, ignoring.");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_config_file(void) {
+
+        const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
+                { "Manager", "LogLevel",                  config_parse_level2,           0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogTarget",                 config_parse_target,           0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogColor",                  config_parse_color,            0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogLocation",               config_parse_location,         0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "DumpCore",                  config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_dump_core                         },
+                { "Manager", "CrashChVT", /* legacy */    config_parse_crash_chvt,       0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "CrashChangeVT",             config_parse_crash_chvt,       0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "CrashShell",                config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_crash_shell                       },
+                { "Manager", "CrashReboot",               config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_crash_reboot                      },
+                { "Manager", "ShowStatus",                config_parse_show_status,      0, &arg_show_status                       },
+                { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",               config_parse_cpu_affinity2,    0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "JoinControllers",           config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers                  },
+                { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",        config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_runtime_watchdog                  },
+                { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",       config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog                 },
+                { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet",     config_parse_capability_set,   0, &arg_capability_bounding_set           },
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+                { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures",   config_parse_syscall_archs,    0, &arg_syscall_archs                     },
+#endif
+                { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",            config_parse_nsec,             0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec                  },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimerAccuracySec",   config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput",     config_parse_output,           0, &arg_default_std_output                },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",      config_parse_output,           0, &arg_default_std_error                 },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec",    config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec",     config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec",         config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_restart_usec              },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst",    config_parse_unsigned,         0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment",        config_parse_environ,          0, &arg_default_environment               },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",           config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_CPU, arg_default_rlimit            },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",         config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_FSIZE, arg_default_rlimit          },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",          config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_DATA, arg_default_rlimit           },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",         config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_STACK, arg_default_rlimit          },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",          config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_CORE, arg_default_rlimit           },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",           config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_RSS, arg_default_rlimit            },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",        config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_NOFILE, arg_default_rlimit         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",            config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_AS, arg_default_rlimit             },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",         config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_NPROC, arg_default_rlimit          },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",       config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, arg_default_rlimit        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",         config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_LOCKS, arg_default_rlimit          },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",    config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, arg_default_rlimit     },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",      config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, arg_default_rlimit       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",          config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_NICE, arg_default_rlimit           },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",        config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_RTPRIO, arg_default_rlimit         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",        config_parse_limit,            RLIMIT_RTTIME, arg_default_rlimit         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultCPUAccounting",      config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_cpu_accounting            },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultBlockIOAccounting",  config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_blockio_accounting        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryAccounting",   config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_memory_accounting         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTasksAccounting",    config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_tasks_accounting          },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTasksMax",           config_parse_tasks_max,        0, &arg_default_tasks_max                 },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        const char *fn, *conf_dirs_nulstr;
+
+        fn = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ?
+                PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf" :
+                PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf";
+
+        conf_dirs_nulstr = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ?
+                CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/system.conf.d") :
+                CONF_PATHS_NULSTR("systemd/user.conf.d");
+
+        config_parse_many(fn, conf_dirs_nulstr, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, items, false, NULL);
+
+        /* Traditionally "0" was used to turn off the default unit timeouts. Fix this up so that we used USEC_INFINITY
+         * like everywhere else. */
+        if (arg_default_timeout_start_usec <= 0)
+                arg_default_timeout_start_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+        if (arg_default_timeout_stop_usec <= 0)
+                arg_default_timeout_stop_usec = USEC_INFINITY;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void manager_set_defaults(Manager *m) {
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        m->default_timer_accuracy_usec = arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec;
+        m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
+        m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
+        m->default_timeout_start_usec = arg_default_timeout_start_usec;
+        m->default_timeout_stop_usec = arg_default_timeout_stop_usec;
+        m->default_restart_usec = arg_default_restart_usec;
+        m->default_start_limit_interval = arg_default_start_limit_interval;
+        m->default_start_limit_burst = arg_default_start_limit_burst;
+        m->default_cpu_accounting = arg_default_cpu_accounting;
+        m->default_blockio_accounting = arg_default_blockio_accounting;
+        m->default_memory_accounting = arg_default_memory_accounting;
+        m->default_tasks_accounting = arg_default_tasks_accounting;
+        m->default_tasks_max = arg_default_tasks_max;
+
+        manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
+        manager_environment_add(m, NULL, arg_default_environment);
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+        enum {
+                ARG_LOG_LEVEL = 0x100,
+                ARG_LOG_TARGET,
+                ARG_LOG_COLOR,
+                ARG_LOG_LOCATION,
+                ARG_UNIT,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_TEST,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_VERSION,
+                ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
+                ARG_DUMP_CORE,
+                ARG_CRASH_CHVT,
+                ARG_CRASH_SHELL,
+                ARG_CRASH_REBOOT,
+                ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN,
+                ARG_SHOW_STATUS,
+                ARG_DESERIALIZE,
+                ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT,
+                ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,
+                ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,
+                ARG_MACHINE_ID
+        };
+
+        static const struct option options[] = {
+                { "log-level",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LEVEL                },
+                { "log-target",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_TARGET               },
+                { "log-color",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_COLOR                },
+                { "log-location",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_LOG_LOCATION             },
+                { "unit",                     required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNIT                     },
+                { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
+                { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
+                { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
+                { "no-pager",                 no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER                 },
+                { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
+                { "version",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                  },
+                { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
+                { "dump-core",                optional_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CORE                },
+                { "crash-chvt",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_CHVT               },
+                { "crash-shell",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_SHELL              },
+                { "crash-reboot",             optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CRASH_REBOOT             },
+                { "confirm-spawn",            optional_argument, NULL, ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN            },
+                { "show-status",              optional_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_STATUS              },
+                { "deserialize",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_DESERIALIZE              },
+                { "switched-root",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT            },
+                { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
+                { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
+                { "machine-id",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_MACHINE_ID               },
+                {}
+        };
+
+        int c, r;
+
+        assert(argc >= 1);
+        assert(argv);
+
+        if (getpid() == 1)
+                opterr = 0;
+
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hDbsz:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
+
+                switch (c) {
+
+                case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
+                        r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
+                        r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                log_show_color(true);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                log_show_location(true);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
+                        r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_default_std_output = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
+                        r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        } else
+                                arg_default_std_error = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_UNIT:
+
+                        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to set default unit %s: %m", optarg);
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_TEST:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
+                        if (arg_no_pager < 0)
+                                arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_VERSION;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DUMP_CORE:
+                        if (!optarg)
+                                arg_dump_core = true;
+                        else {
+                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse dump core boolean: %s", optarg);
+                                arg_dump_core = r;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CRASH_CHVT:
+                        r = parse_crash_chvt(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash virtual terminal index: %s", optarg);
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CRASH_SHELL:
+                        if (!optarg)
+                                arg_crash_shell = true;
+                        else {
+                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell boolean: %s", optarg);
+                                arg_crash_shell = r;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CRASH_REBOOT:
+                        if (!optarg)
+                                arg_crash_reboot = true;
+                        else {
+                                r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to parse crash shell boolean: %s", optarg);
+                                arg_crash_reboot = r;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_CONFIRM_SPAWN:
+                        r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse confirm spawn boolean %s.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                        arg_confirm_spawn = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
+                        int fd;
+                        FILE *f;
+
+                        r = safe_atoi(optarg, &fd);
+                        if (r < 0 || fd < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse deserialize option %s.", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        (void) fd_cloexec(fd, true);
+
+                        f = fdopen(fd, "r");
+                        if (!f)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open serialization fd: %m");
+
+                        safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+                        arg_serialization = f;
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT:
+                        arg_switched_root = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_MACHINE_ID:
+                        r = set_machine_id(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("MachineID '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case 'h':
+                        arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
+                        if (arg_no_pager < 0)
+                                arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'D':
+                        log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+                        break;
+
+                case 'b':
+                case 's':
+                case 'z':
+                        /* Just to eat away the sysvinit kernel
+                         * cmdline args without getopt() error
+                         * messages that we'll parse in
+                         * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
+
+                case '?':
+                        if (getpid() != 1)
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        else
+                                return 0;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code.");
+                }
+
+        if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
+                /* Hmm, when we aren't run as init system
+                 * let's complain about excess arguments */
+
+                log_error("Excess arguments.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
+               "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
+               "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
+               "     --no-pager                  Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
+               "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
+               "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
+               "     --user                      Run a user instance\n"
+               "     --dump-core[=BOOL]          Dump core on crash\n"
+               "     --crash-vt=NR               Change to specified VT on crash\n"
+               "     --crash-reboot[=BOOL]       Reboot on crash\n"
+               "     --crash-shell[=BOOL]        Run shell on crash\n"
+               "     --confirm-spawn[=BOOL]      Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
+               "     --show-status[=BOOL]        Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
+               "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, null)\n"
+               "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
+               "     --log-color[=BOOL]          Highlight important log messages\n"
+               "     --log-location[=BOOL]       Include code location in log messages\n"
+               "     --default-standard-output=  Set default standard output for services\n"
+               "     --default-standard-error=   Set default standard error output for services\n",
+               program_invocation_short_name);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int prepare_reexecute(Manager *m, FILE **_f, FDSet **_fds, bool switching_root) {
+        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(_f);
+        assert(_fds);
+
+        r = manager_open_serialization(m, &f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to create serialization file: %m");
+
+        /* Make sure nothing is really destructed when we shut down */
+        m->n_reloading ++;
+        bus_manager_send_reloading(m, true);
+
+        fds = fdset_new();
+        if (!fds)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = manager_serialize(m, f, fds, switching_root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to serialize state: %m");
+
+        if (fseeko(f, 0, SEEK_SET) == (off_t) -1)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to rewind serialization fd: %m");
+
+        r = fd_cloexec(fileno(f), false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization: %m");
+
+        r = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to disable O_CLOEXEC for serialization fds: %m");
+
+        *_f = f;
+        *_fds = fds;
+
+        f = NULL;
+        fds = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
+        struct rlimit nl;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(saved_rlimit);
+
+        /* Save the original RLIMIT_NOFILE so that we can reset it
+         * later when transitioning from the initrd to the main
+         * systemd or suchlike. */
+        if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, saved_rlimit) < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Reading RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
+
+        /* Make sure forked processes get the default kernel setting */
+        if (!arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]) {
+                struct rlimit *rl;
+
+                rl = newdup(struct rlimit, saved_rlimit, 1);
+                if (!rl)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE] = rl;
+        }
+
+        /* Bump up the resource limit for ourselves substantially */
+        nl.rlim_cur = nl.rlim_max = 64*1024;
+        r = setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &nl);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Setting RLIMIT_NOFILE failed: %m");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void test_usr(void) {
+
+        /* Check that /usr is not a separate fs */
+
+        if (dir_is_empty("/usr") <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        log_warning("/usr appears to be on its own filesystem and is not already mounted. This is not a supported setup. "
+                    "Some things will probably break (sometimes even silently) in mysterious ways. "
+                    "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
+}
+
+static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
+        /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
+         * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
+         * "cpuset" doesn't really work for groups with no initialized
+         * attributes. */
+
+        arg_join_controllers = new(char**, 3);
+        if (!arg_join_controllers)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        arg_join_controllers[0] = strv_new("cpu", "cpuacct", NULL);
+        if (!arg_join_controllers[0])
+                goto oom;
+
+        arg_join_controllers[1] = strv_new("net_cls", "net_prio", NULL);
+        if (!arg_join_controllers[1])
+                goto oom;
+
+        arg_join_controllers[2] = NULL;
+        return 0;
+
+oom:
+        arg_join_controllers = strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+        return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static int enforce_syscall_archs(Set *archs) {
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+        scmp_filter_ctx *seccomp;
+        Iterator i;
+        void *id;
+        int r;
+
+        seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
+        if (!seccomp)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        SET_FOREACH(id, arg_syscall_archs, i) {
+                r = seccomp_arch_add(seccomp, PTR_TO_UINT32(id) - 1);
+                if (r == -EEXIST)
+                        continue;
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add architecture to seccomp: %m");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %m");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add install architecture seccomp: %m");
+
+finish:
+        seccomp_release(seccomp);
+        return r;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int status_welcome(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
+                           "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+                           "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
+                           NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                r = parse_env_file("/usr/lib/os-release", NEWLINE,
+                                   "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+                                   "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
+                                   NULL);
+
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read os-release file: %m");
+
+        return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
+                             "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
+                             isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
+                             isempty(pretty_name) ? "GNU/Linux" : pretty_name);
+}
+
+static int write_container_id(void) {
+        const char *c;
+        int r;
+
+        c = getenv("container");
+        if (isempty(c))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = write_string_file("/run/systemd/container", c, WRITE_STRING_FILE_CREATE);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to write /run/systemd/container, ignoring: %m");
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *qlen = NULL;
+        unsigned long v;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Let's bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen sysctl. The kernel
+         * default of 16 is simply too low. We set the value really
+         * really early during boot, so that it is actually applied to
+         * all our sockets, including the $NOTIFY_SOCKET one. */
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", &qlen);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to read AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m");
+
+        r = safe_atolu(qlen, &v);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m");
+
+        if (v >= DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN)
+                return 0;
+
+        qlen = mfree(qlen);
+        if (asprintf(&qlen, "%lu\n", DEFAULT_UNIX_MAX_DGRAM_QLEN) < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = write_string_file("/proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen", qlen, 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_full_errno(IN_SET(r, -EROFS, -EPERM, -EACCES) ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_WARNING, r,
+                                      "Failed to bump AF_UNIX datagram queue length, ignoring: %m");
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        Manager *m = NULL;
+        int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+        usec_t before_startup, after_startup;
+        char timespan[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        FDSet *fds = NULL;
+        bool reexecute = false;
+        const char *shutdown_verb = NULL;
+        dual_timestamp initrd_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        dual_timestamp userspace_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        dual_timestamp kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        dual_timestamp security_start_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        dual_timestamp security_finish_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        static char systemd[] = "systemd";
+        bool skip_setup = false;
+        unsigned j;
+        bool loaded_policy = false;
+        bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
+        bool queue_default_job = false;
+        bool empty_etc = false;
+        char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
+        struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(0);
+        const char *error_message = NULL;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
+        if (getpid() != 1 && strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
+                /* This is compatibility support for SysV, where
+                 * calling init as a user is identical to telinit. */
+
+                errno = -ENOENT;
+                execv(SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH, argv);
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to exec " SYSTEMCTL_BINARY_PATH ": %m");
+                return 1;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        dual_timestamp_from_monotonic(&kernel_timestamp, 0);
+        dual_timestamp_get(&userspace_timestamp);
+
+        /* Determine if this is a reexecution or normal bootup. We do
+         * the full command line parsing much later, so let's just
+         * have a quick peek here. */
+        if (strv_find(argv+1, "--deserialize"))
+                skip_setup = true;
+
+        /* If we have switched root, do all the special setup
+         * things */
+        if (strv_find(argv+1, "--switched-root"))
+                skip_setup = false;
+
+        /* If we get started via the /sbin/init symlink then we are
+           called 'init'. After a subsequent reexecution we are then
+           called 'systemd'. That is confusing, hence let's call us
+           systemd right-away. */
+        program_invocation_short_name = systemd;
+        prctl(PR_SET_NAME, systemd);
+
+        saved_argv = argv;
+        saved_argc = argc;
+
+        log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
+        log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(true);
+
+        /* Disable the umask logic */
+        if (getpid() == 1)
+                umask(0);
+
+        if (getpid() == 1 && detect_container() <= 0) {
+
+                /* Running outside of a container as PID 1 */
+                arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
+                make_null_stdio();
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
+                log_open();
+
+                if (in_initrd())
+                        initrd_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
+
+                if (!skip_setup) {
+                        r = mount_setup_early();
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                error_message = "Failed to early mount API filesystems";
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                        dual_timestamp_get(&security_start_timestamp);
+                        if (mac_selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0) {
+                                error_message = "Failed to load SELinux policy";
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (ima_setup() < 0) {
+                                error_message = "Failed to load IMA policy";
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (mac_smack_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0) {
+                                error_message = "Failed to load SMACK policy";
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                        dual_timestamp_get(&security_finish_timestamp);
+                }
+
+                if (mac_selinux_init(NULL) < 0) {
+                        error_message = "Failed to initialize SELinux policy";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                if (!skip_setup) {
+                        if (clock_is_localtime() > 0) {
+                                int min;
+
+                                /*
+                                 * The very first call of settimeofday() also does a time warp in the kernel.
+                                 *
+                                 * In the rtc-in-local time mode, we set the kernel's timezone, and rely on
+                                 * external tools to take care of maintaining the RTC and do all adjustments.
+                                 * This matches the behavior of Windows, which leaves the RTC alone if the
+                                 * registry tells that the RTC runs in UTC.
+                                 */
+                                r = clock_set_timezone(&min);
+                                if (r < 0)
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %m");
+                                else
+                                        log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
+                        } else if (!in_initrd()) {
+                                /*
+                                 * Do a dummy very first call to seal the kernel's time warp magic.
+                                 *
+                                 * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
+                                 * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
+                                 * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
+                                 * until we reach the real system.
+                                 *
+                                 * Do no set the kernel's timezone. The concept of local time cannot
+                                 * be supported reliably, the time will jump or be incorrect at every daylight
+                                 * saving time change. All kernel local time concepts will be treated
+                                 * as UTC that way.
+                                 */
+                                (void) clock_reset_timewarp();
+                        }
+
+                        r = clock_apply_epoch();
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Current system time is before build time, but cannot correct: %m");
+                        else if (r > 0)
+                                log_info("System time before build time, advancing clock.");
+                }
+
+                /* Set the default for later on, but don't actually
+                 * open the logs like this for now. Note that if we
+                 * are transitioning from the initrd there might still
+                 * be journal fd open, and we shouldn't attempt
+                 * opening that before we parsed /proc/cmdline which
+                 * might redirect output elsewhere. */
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG);
+
+        } else if (getpid() == 1) {
+                /* Running inside a container, as PID 1 */
+                arg_running_as = MANAGER_SYSTEM;
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+                log_close_console(); /* force reopen of /dev/console */
+                log_open();
+
+                /* For the later on, see above... */
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL);
+
+                /* clear the kernel timestamp,
+                 * because we are in a container */
+                kernel_timestamp.monotonic = 0ULL;
+                kernel_timestamp.realtime = 0ULL;
+
+        } else {
+                /* Running as user instance */
+                arg_running_as = MANAGER_USER;
+                log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+                log_open();
+
+                /* clear the kernel timestamp,
+                 * because we are not PID 1 */
+                kernel_timestamp = DUAL_TIMESTAMP_NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (getpid() == 1) {
+                /* Don't limit the core dump size, so that coredump handlers such as systemd-coredump (which honour the limit)
+                 * will process core dumps for system services by default. */
+                (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(RLIM_INFINITY));
+
+                /* But at the same time, turn off the core_pattern logic by default, so that no coredumps are stored
+                 * until the systemd-coredump tool is enabled via sysctl. */
+                if (!skip_setup)
+                        (void) write_string_file("/proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern", "|/bin/false", 0);
+        }
+
+        /* Initialize default unit */
+        r = free_and_strdup(&arg_default_unit, SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to set default unit %s: %m", SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET);
+                error_message = "Failed to set default unit";
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = initialize_join_controllers();
+        if (r < 0) {
+                error_message = "Failed to initialize cgroup controllers";
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* Mount /proc, /sys and friends, so that /proc/cmdline and
+         * /proc/$PID/fd is available. */
+        if (getpid() == 1) {
+
+                /* Load the kernel modules early, so that we kdbus.ko is loaded before kdbusfs shall be mounted */
+                if (!skip_setup)
+                        kmod_setup();
+
+                r = mount_setup(loaded_policy);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        error_message = "Failed to mount API filesystems";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Reset all signal handlers. */
+        (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+        (void) ignore_signals(SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
+
+        if (parse_config_file() < 0) {
+                error_message = "Failed to parse config file";
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                r = parse_proc_cmdline(parse_proc_cmdline_item);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %m");
+        }
+
+        /* Note that this also parses bits from the kernel command
+         * line, including "debug". */
+        log_parse_environment();
+
+        if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0) {
+                error_message = "Failed to parse commandline arguments";
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST &&
+            geteuid() == 0) {
+                log_error("Don't run test mode as root.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER &&
+            arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+            sd_booted() <= 0) {
+                log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but the system has not been booted with systemd.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM &&
+            arg_action == ACTION_RUN &&
+            running_in_chroot() > 0) {
+                log_error("Cannot be run in a chroot() environment.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST)
+                skip_setup = true;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
+                retval = help();
+                goto finish;
+        } else if (arg_action == ACTION_VERSION) {
+                retval = version();
+                goto finish;
+        } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS) {
+                unit_dump_config_items(stdout);
+                retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                goto finish;
+        } else if (arg_action == ACTION_DONE) {
+                retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER &&
+            !getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR")) {
+                log_error("Trying to run as user instance, but $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR is not set.");
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        assert_se(arg_action == ACTION_RUN || arg_action == ACTION_TEST);
+
+        /* Close logging fds, in order not to confuse fdset below */
+        log_close();
+
+        /* Remember open file descriptors for later deserialization */
+        r = fdset_new_fill(&fds);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate fd set: %m");
+                error_message = "Failed to allocate fd set";
+                goto finish;
+        } else
+                fdset_cloexec(fds, true);
+
+        if (arg_serialization)
+                assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(arg_serialization)) >= 0);
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
+                /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
+                setsid();
+
+        /* Move out of the way, so that we won't block unmounts */
+        assert_se(chdir("/") == 0);
+
+        /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
+         * are freshly booted */
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
+
+                /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to
+                 * /dev/null and make sure we don't have a controlling
+                 * tty. */
+                release_terminal();
+
+                if (getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup)
+                        console_setup();
+        }
+
+        /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
+        log_open();
+
+        if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
+                arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+
+        /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
+         * kernel. */
+        if (getpid() == 1) {
+                install_crash_handler();
+
+                r = mount_cgroup_controllers(arg_join_controllers);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                int v;
+
+                log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in %ssystem mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
+                         arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? "test " : "" );
+
+                v = detect_virtualization();
+                if (v > 0)
+                        log_info("Detected virtualization %s.", virtualization_to_string(v));
+
+                write_container_id();
+
+                log_info("Detected architecture %s.", architecture_to_string(uname_architecture()));
+
+                if (in_initrd())
+                        log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
+
+                /* Let's check whether /etc is already populated. We
+                 * don't actually really check for that, but use
+                 * /etc/machine-id as flag file. This allows container
+                 * managers and installers to provision a couple of
+                 * files already. If the container manager wants to
+                 * provision the machine ID itself it should pass
+                 * $container_uuid to PID 1. */
+
+                empty_etc = access("/etc/machine-id", F_OK) < 0;
+                if (empty_etc)
+                        log_info("Running with unpopulated /etc.");
+        } else {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
+
+                t = uid_to_name(getuid());
+                log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in %suser mode for user "UID_FMT"/%s. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
+                          arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? " test" : "", getuid(), t);
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
+                if (arg_show_status > 0)
+                        status_welcome();
+
+                hostname_setup();
+                machine_id_setup(NULL, arg_machine_id);
+                loopback_setup();
+                bump_unix_max_dgram_qlen();
+
+                test_usr();
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
+                watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
+
+        if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY)
+                if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
+
+        if (!cap_test_all(arg_capability_bounding_set)) {
+                r = capability_bounding_set_drop_usermode(arg_capability_bounding_set);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers: %m");
+                        error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set of usermode helpers";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+                r = capability_bounding_set_drop(arg_capability_bounding_set, true);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to drop capability bounding set: %m");
+                        error_message = "Failed to drop capability bounding set";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_syscall_archs) {
+                r = enforce_syscall_archs(arg_syscall_archs);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        error_message = "Failed to set syscall architectures";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_USER)
+                /* Become reaper of our children */
+                if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0)
+                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to make us a subreaper: %m");
+
+        if (arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM) {
+                bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
+
+                if (empty_etc) {
+                        r = unit_file_preset_all(UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM, false, NULL, UNIT_FILE_PRESET_ENABLE_ONLY, false, NULL, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_full_errno(r == -EEXIST ? LOG_NOTICE : LOG_WARNING, r, "Failed to populate /etc with preset unit settings, ignoring: %m");
+                        else
+                                log_info("Populated /etc with preset unit settings.");
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = manager_new(arg_running_as, arg_action == ACTION_TEST, &m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to allocate manager object: %m");
+                error_message = "Failed to allocate manager object";
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
+        m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
+        m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
+        m->userspace_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
+        m->kernel_timestamp = kernel_timestamp;
+        m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
+        m->security_start_timestamp = security_start_timestamp;
+        m->security_finish_timestamp = security_finish_timestamp;
+
+        manager_set_defaults(m);
+        manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
+        manager_set_first_boot(m, empty_etc);
+
+        /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
+        queue_default_job = !arg_serialization || arg_switched_root;
+
+        before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+        r = manager_startup(m, arg_serialization, fds);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to fully start up daemon: %m");
+
+        /* This will close all file descriptors that were opened, but
+         * not claimed by any unit. */
+        fds = fdset_free(fds);
+
+        arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+
+        if (queue_default_job) {
+                _cleanup_(sd_bus_error_free) sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+                Unit *target = NULL;
+                Job *default_unit_job;
+
+                log_debug("Activating default unit: %s", arg_default_unit);
+
+                r = manager_load_unit(m, arg_default_unit, NULL, &error, &target);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_error("Failed to load default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND)
+                        log_error_errno(target->load_error, "Failed to load default target: %m");
+                else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED)
+                        log_error("Default target masked.");
+
+                if (!target || target->load_state != UNIT_LOADED) {
+                        log_info("Trying to load rescue target...");
+
+                        r = manager_load_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET, NULL, &error, &target);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_emergency("Failed to load rescue target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                                error_message = "Failed to load rescue target";
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_ERROR || target->load_state == UNIT_NOT_FOUND) {
+                                log_emergency_errno(target->load_error, "Failed to load rescue target: %m");
+                                error_message = "Failed to load rescue target";
+                                goto finish;
+                        } else if (target->load_state == UNIT_MASKED) {
+                                log_emergency("Rescue target masked.");
+                                error_message = "Rescue target masked";
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                assert(target->load_state == UNIT_LOADED);
+
+                if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
+                        printf("-> By units:\n");
+                        manager_dump_units(m, stdout, "\t");
+                }
+
+                r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_ISOLATE, &error, &default_unit_job);
+                if (r == -EPERM) {
+                        log_debug("Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+
+                        sd_bus_error_free(&error);
+
+                        r = manager_add_job(m, JOB_START, target, JOB_REPLACE, &error, &default_unit_job);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_emergency("Failed to start default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                                error_message = "Failed to start default target";
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                } else if (r < 0) {
+                        log_emergency("Failed to isolate default target: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                        error_message = "Failed to isolate default target";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                m->default_unit_job_id = default_unit_job->id;
+
+                after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
+                         "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
+                         format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC));
+
+                if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
+                        printf("-> By jobs:\n");
+                        manager_dump_jobs(m, stdout, "\t");
+                        retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                r = manager_loop(m);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_emergency_errno(r, "Failed to run main loop: %m");
+                        error_message = "Failed to run main loop";
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                switch (m->exit_code) {
+
+                case MANAGER_RELOAD:
+                        log_info("Reloading.");
+
+                        r = parse_config_file();
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error("Failed to parse config file.");
+
+                        manager_set_defaults(m);
+
+                        r = manager_reload(m);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to reload: %m");
+                        break;
+
+                case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
+
+                        if (prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, &fds, false) < 0) {
+                                error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution";
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        reexecute = true;
+                        log_notice("Reexecuting.");
+                        goto finish;
+
+                case MANAGER_SWITCH_ROOT:
+                        /* Steal the switch root parameters */
+                        switch_root_dir = m->switch_root;
+                        switch_root_init = m->switch_root_init;
+                        m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
+
+                        if (!switch_root_init)
+                                if (prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, &fds, true) < 0) {
+                                        error_message = "Failed to prepare for reexecution";
+                                        goto finish;
+                                }
+
+                        reexecute = true;
+                        log_notice("Switching root.");
+                        goto finish;
+
+                case MANAGER_EXIT:
+                        retval = m->return_value;
+
+                        if (m->running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
+                                log_debug("Exit.");
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        /* fallthrough */
+                case MANAGER_REBOOT:
+                case MANAGER_POWEROFF:
+                case MANAGER_HALT:
+                case MANAGER_KEXEC: {
+                        static const char * const table[_MANAGER_EXIT_CODE_MAX] = {
+                                [MANAGER_EXIT] = "exit",
+                                [MANAGER_REBOOT] = "reboot",
+                                [MANAGER_POWEROFF] = "poweroff",
+                                [MANAGER_HALT] = "halt",
+                                [MANAGER_KEXEC] = "kexec"
+                        };
+
+                        assert_se(shutdown_verb = table[m->exit_code]);
+                        arm_reboot_watchdog = m->exit_code == MANAGER_REBOOT;
+
+                        log_notice("Shutting down.");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unknown exit code.");
+                }
+        }
+
+finish:
+        pager_close();
+
+        if (m)
+                arg_shutdown_watchdog = m->shutdown_watchdog;
+
+        m = manager_free(m);
+
+        for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(arg_default_rlimit); j++)
+                arg_default_rlimit[j] = mfree(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
+
+        arg_default_unit = mfree(arg_default_unit);
+        arg_join_controllers = strv_free_free(arg_join_controllers);
+        arg_default_environment = strv_free(arg_default_environment);
+        arg_syscall_archs = set_free(arg_syscall_archs);
+
+        mac_selinux_finish();
+
+        if (reexecute) {
+                const char **args;
+                unsigned i, args_size;
+
+                /* Close and disarm the watchdog, so that the new
+                 * instance can reinitialize it, but doesn't get
+                 * rebooted while we do that */
+                watchdog_close(true);
+
+                /* Reset the RLIMIT_NOFILE to the kernel default, so
+                 * that the new systemd can pass the kernel default to
+                 * its child processes */
+                if (saved_rlimit_nofile.rlim_cur > 0)
+                        (void) setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &saved_rlimit_nofile);
+
+                if (switch_root_dir) {
+                        /* Kill all remaining processes from the
+                         * initrd, but don't wait for them, so that we
+                         * can handle the SIGCHLD for them after
+                         * deserializing. */
+                        broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false, true);
+
+                        /* And switch root with MS_MOVE, because we remove the old directory afterwards and detach it. */
+                        r = switch_root(switch_root_dir, "/mnt", true, MS_MOVE);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to switch root, trying to continue: %m");
+                }
+
+                args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
+                args = newa(const char*, args_size);
+
+                if (!switch_root_init) {
+                        char sfd[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
+
+                        /* First try to spawn ourselves with the right
+                         * path, and with full serialization. We do
+                         * this only if the user didn't specify an
+                         * explicit init to spawn. */
+
+                        assert(arg_serialization);
+                        assert(fds);
+
+                        xsprintf(sfd, "%i", fileno(arg_serialization));
+
+                        i = 0;
+                        args[i++] = SYSTEMD_BINARY_PATH;
+                        if (switch_root_dir)
+                                args[i++] = "--switched-root";
+                        args[i++] = arg_running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user";
+                        args[i++] = "--deserialize";
+                        args[i++] = sfd;
+                        args[i++] = NULL;
+
+                        /* do not pass along the environment we inherit from the kernel or initrd */
+                        if (switch_root_dir)
+                                (void) clearenv();
+
+                        assert(i <= args_size);
+
+                        /*
+                         * We want valgrind to print its memory usage summary before reexecution.
+                         * Valgrind won't do this is on its own on exec(), but it will do it on exit().
+                         * Hence, to ensure we get a summary here, fork() off a child, let it exit() cleanly,
+                         * so that it prints the summary, and wait() for it in the parent, before proceeding into the exec().
+                         */
+                        valgrind_summary_hack();
+
+                        (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+                }
+
+                /* Try the fallback, if there is any, without any
+                 * serialization. We pass the original argv[] and
+                 * envp[]. (Well, modulo the ordering changes due to
+                 * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
+                 * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
+
+                arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+                fds = fdset_free(fds);
+
+                /* Reopen the console */
+                (void) make_console_stdio();
+
+                for (j = 1, i = 1; j < (unsigned) argc; j++)
+                        args[i++] = argv[j];
+                args[i++] = NULL;
+                assert(i <= args_size);
+
+                /* Reenable any blocked signals, especially important
+                 * if we switch from initial ramdisk to init=... */
+                (void) reset_all_signal_handlers();
+                (void) reset_signal_mask();
+
+                if (switch_root_init) {
+                        args[0] = switch_root_init;
+                        (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to execute configured init, trying fallback: %m");
+                }
+
+                args[0] = "/sbin/init";
+                (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+
+                if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        log_warning("No /sbin/init, trying fallback");
+
+                        args[0] = "/bin/sh";
+                        args[1] = NULL;
+                        (void) execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
+                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute /bin/sh, giving up: %m");
+                } else
+                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
+        }
+
+        arg_serialization = safe_fclose(arg_serialization);
+        fds = fdset_free(fds);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
+        /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit
+         * here explicitly. valgrind will only generate nice output on
+         * exit(), not on exec(), hence let's do the former not the
+         * latter here. */
+        if (getpid() == 1 && RUNNING_ON_VALGRIND)
+                return 0;
+#endif
+
+        if (shutdown_verb) {
+                char log_level[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
+                char exit_code[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint8_t) + 1];
+                const char* command_line[11] = {
+                        SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
+                        shutdown_verb,
+                        "--log-level", log_level,
+                        "--log-target",
+                };
+                unsigned pos = 5;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL;
+
+                assert(command_line[pos] == NULL);
+                env_block = strv_copy(environ);
+
+                xsprintf(log_level, "%d", log_get_max_level());
+
+                switch (log_get_target()) {
+
+                case LOG_TARGET_KMSG:
+                case LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG:
+                case LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG:
+                        command_line[pos++] = "kmsg";
+                        break;
+
+                case LOG_TARGET_NULL:
+                        command_line[pos++] = "null";
+                        break;
+
+                case LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE:
+                default:
+                        command_line[pos++] = "console";
+                        break;
+                };
+
+                if (log_get_show_color())
+                        command_line[pos++] = "--log-color";
+
+                if (log_get_show_location())
+                        command_line[pos++] = "--log-location";
+
+                if (streq(shutdown_verb, "exit")) {
+                        command_line[pos++] = "--exit-code";
+                        command_line[pos++] = exit_code;
+                        xsprintf(exit_code, "%d", retval);
+                }
+
+                assert(pos < ELEMENTSOF(command_line));
+
+                if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
+                        char *e;
+
+                        /* If we reboot let's set the shutdown
+                         * watchdog and tell the shutdown binary to
+                         * repeatedly ping it */
+                        r = watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_shutdown_watchdog);
+                        watchdog_close(r < 0);
+
+                        /* Tell the binary how often to ping, ignore failure */
+                        if (asprintf(&e, "WATCHDOG_USEC="USEC_FMT, arg_shutdown_watchdog) > 0)
+                                (void) strv_push(&env_block, e);
+                } else
+                        watchdog_close(true);
+
+                /* Avoid the creation of new processes forked by the
+                 * kernel; at this point, we will not listen to the
+                 * signals anyway */
+                if (detect_container() <= 0)
+                        (void) cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
+
+                execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute shutdown binary, %s: %m",
+                          getpid() == 1 ? "freezing" : "quitting");
+        }
+
+        if (getpid() == 1) {
+                if (error_message)
+                        manager_status_printf(NULL, STATUS_TYPE_EMERGENCY,
+                                              ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED "!!!!!!" ANSI_NORMAL,
+                                              "%s, freezing.", error_message);
+                freeze_or_reboot();
+        }
+
+        return retval;
+}
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a7a37ee92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE busconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD D-BUS Bus Configuration 1.0//EN"
+        "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/dbus/1.0/busconfig.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+-->
+
+<busconfig>
+
+        <policy user="root">
+                <allow own="org.freedesktop.systemd1"/>
+
+                <!-- Root clients can do everything -->
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"/>
+                <allow receive_sender="org.freedesktop.systemd1"/>
+
+                <!-- systemd may receive activator requests -->
+                <allow receive_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Activator"
+                       receive_member="ActivationRequest"/>
+        </policy>
+
+        <policy context="default">
+                <deny send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"/>
+
+                <!-- Completely open to anyone -->
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"
+                       send_member="Get"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties"
+                       send_member="GetAll"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetUnitByPID"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="LoadUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetJob"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ListUnits"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ListUnitsFiltered"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ListUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetUnitFileState"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ListJobs"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="Subscribe"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="Unsubscribe"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="Dump"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="GetDefaultTarget"/>
+
+                <!-- Managed via polkit or other criteria -->
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="StartUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="StartUnitReplace"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="StopUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ReloadUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="RestartUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="TryRestartUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ReloadOrRestartUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ReloadOrTryRestartUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="KillUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ResetFailedUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="SetUnitProperties"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="StartTransientUnit"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="CancelJob"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="Reload"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="Reexecute"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="EnableUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="DisableUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="ReenableUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="LinkUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="PresetUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="PresetUnitFilesWithMode"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="MaskUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="UnmaskUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="SetDefaultTarget"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="PresetAllUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
+                       send_member="AddDependencyUnitFiles"/>
+
+                <allow send_destination="org.freedesktop.systemd1"
+                       send_interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job"
+                       send_member="Cancel"/>
+
+                <allow receive_sender="org.freedesktop.systemd1"/>
+        </policy>
+
+</busconfig>
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.policy.in.in b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.policy.in.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc39a9e1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.policy.in.in
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"
+        "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/PolicyKit/1/policyconfig.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+-->
+
+<policyconfig>
+
+        <vendor>The systemd Project</vendor>
+        <vendor_url>http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd</vendor_url>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.systemd1.reply-password">
+                <_description>Send passphrase back to system</_description>
+                <_message>Authentication is required to send the entered passphrase back to the system.</_message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>no</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>no</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+                <annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">@rootlibexecdir@/systemd-reply-password</annotate>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units">
+                <_description>Manage system services or other units</_description>
+                <_message>Authentication is required to manage system services or other units.</_message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-unit-files">
+                <_description>Manage system service or unit files</_description>
+                <_message>Authentication is required to manage system service or unit files.</_message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.systemd1.set-environment">
+                <_description>Set or unset system and service manager environment variables</_description>
+                <_message>Authentication is required to set or unset system and service manager environment variables.</_message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+        <action id="org.freedesktop.systemd1.reload-daemon">
+                <_description>Reload the systemd state</_description>
+                <_message>Authentication is required to reload the systemd state.</_message>
+                <defaults>
+                        <allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any>
+                        <allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive>
+                        <allow_active>auth_admin_keep</allow_active>
+                </defaults>
+        </action>
+
+</policyconfig>
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4df3e93a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/org.freedesktop.systemd1.service
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+
+[D-BUS Service]
+Name=org.freedesktop.systemd1
+Exec=/bin/false
+User=root
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/system.conf b/src/grp-system/systemd/system.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2ded27333
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/system.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# Entries in this file show the compile time defaults.
+# You can change settings by editing this file.
+# Defaults can be restored by simply deleting this file.
+#
+# See systemd-system.conf(5) for details.
+
+[Manager]
+#LogLevel=info
+#LogTarget=journal-or-kmsg
+#LogColor=yes
+#LogLocation=no
+#DumpCore=yes
+#ShowStatus=yes
+#CrashChangeVT=no
+#CrashShell=no
+#CrashReboot=no
+#CPUAffinity=1 2
+#JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct net_cls,net_prio
+#RuntimeWatchdogSec=0
+#ShutdownWatchdogSec=10min
+#CapabilityBoundingSet=
+#SystemCallArchitectures=
+#TimerSlackNSec=
+#DefaultTimerAccuracySec=1min
+#DefaultStandardOutput=journal
+#DefaultStandardError=inherit
+#DefaultTimeoutStartSec=90s
+#DefaultTimeoutStopSec=90s
+#DefaultRestartSec=100ms
+#DefaultStartLimitInterval=10s
+#DefaultStartLimitBurst=5
+#DefaultEnvironment=
+#DefaultCPUAccounting=no
+#DefaultBlockIOAccounting=no
+#DefaultMemoryAccounting=no
+#DefaultTasksAccounting=yes
+#DefaultTasksMax=512
+#DefaultLimitCPU=
+#DefaultLimitFSIZE=
+#DefaultLimitDATA=
+#DefaultLimitSTACK=
+#DefaultLimitCORE=
+#DefaultLimitRSS=
+#DefaultLimitNOFILE=
+#DefaultLimitAS=
+#DefaultLimitNPROC=
+#DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=
+#DefaultLimitLOCKS=
+#DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=
+#DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=
+#DefaultLimitNICE=
+#DefaultLimitRTPRIO=
+#DefaultLimitRTTIME=
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/systemd.pc.in b/src/grp-system/systemd/systemd.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac52b30dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/systemd.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+
+prefix=@prefix@
+systemdutildir=@rootlibexecdir@
+systemdsystemunitdir=@systemunitdir@
+systemdsystempresetdir=@systempresetdir@
+systemduserunitdir=@userunitdir@
+systemduserpresetdir=@userpresetdir@
+systemdsystemconfdir=@pkgsysconfdir@/system
+systemduserconfdir=@pkgsysconfdir@/user
+systemdsystemunitpath=${systemdsystemconfdir}:/etc/systemd/system:/run/systemd/system:/usr/local/lib/systemd/system:${systemdsystemunitdir}:/usr/lib/systemd/system:/lib/systemd/system
+systemduserunitpath=${systemduserconfdir}:/etc/systemd/user:/run/systemd/user:/usr/local/lib/systemd/user:/usr/local/share/systemd/user:${systemduserunitdir}:/usr/lib/systemd/user:/usr/share/systemd/user
+systemdsystemgeneratordir=@systemgeneratordir@
+systemdusergeneratordir=@usergeneratordir@
+systemdsleepdir=@systemsleepdir@
+systemdshutdowndir=@systemshutdowndir@
+tmpfilesdir=@tmpfilesdir@
+sysusersdir=@sysusersdir@
+sysctldir=@sysctldir@
+binfmtdir=@binfmtdir@
+modulesloaddir=@modulesloaddir@
+catalogdir=@catalogdir@
+systemuidmax=@systemuidmax@
+systemgidmax=@systemgidmax@
+
+Name: systemd
+Description: systemd System and Service Manager
+URL: @PACKAGE_URL@
+Version: @PACKAGE_VERSION@
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/triggers.systemd.in b/src/grp-system/systemd/triggers.systemd.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e18a39a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/triggers.systemd.in
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#  -*- Mode: rpm-spec; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
+#
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  Copyright 2015 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+#  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+#  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+#  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+#  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+#
+#  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+#  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# The contents of this are an example to be copied into systemd.spec.
+
+%transfiletriggerin -P 900900 -p <lua> -- @systemunitdir@ /etc/systemd/system
+-- This script will run after any package is initially installed or
+-- upgraded. We care about the case where a package is initially
+-- installed, because other cases are covered by the *un scriptlets,
+-- so sometimes we will reload needlessly.
+
+pid = posix.fork()
+if pid == 0 then
+    assert(posix.exec("%{_bindir}/systemctl", "daemon-reload"))
+elseif pid > 0 then
+    posix.wait(pid)
+end
+
+%transfiletriggerun -p <lua> -- @systemunitdir@ /etc/systemd/system
+-- On removal, we need to run daemon-reload after any units have been
+-- removed. %transfiletriggerpostun would be ideal, but it does not get
+-- executed for some reason.
+-- On upgrade, we need to run daemon-reload after any new unit files
+-- have been installed, but before %postun scripts in packages get
+-- executed. %transfiletriggerun gets the right list of files
+-- but it is invoked too early (before changes happen).
+-- %filetriggerpostun happens at the right time, but it fires for
+-- every package.
+-- To execute the reload at the right time, we create a state
+-- file in %transfiletriggerun and execute the daemon-reload in
+-- the first %filetriggerpostun.
+
+posix.mkdir("%{_localstatedir}/lib")
+posix.mkdir("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state")
+posix.mkdir("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state/systemd")
+io.open("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state/systemd/needs-reload", "w")
+
+%filetriggerpostun -P 1000100 -p <lua> -- @systemunitdir@ /etc/systemd/system
+if posix.access("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state/systemd/needs-reload") then
+    posix.unlink("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state/systemd/needs-reload")
+    posix.rmdir("%{_localstatedir}/lib/rpm-state/systemd")
+    pid = posix.fork()
+    if pid == 0 then
+        assert(posix.exec("%{_bindir}/systemctl", "daemon-reload"))
+    elseif pid > 0 then
+        posix.wait(pid)
+    end
+end
diff --git a/src/grp-system/systemd/user.conf b/src/grp-system/systemd/user.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87c8164378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/grp-system/systemd/user.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#  This file is part of systemd.
+#
+#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+#  (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# You can override the directives in this file by creating files in
+# /etc/systemd/user.conf.d/*.conf.
+#
+# See systemd-user.conf(5) for details
+
+[Manager]
+#LogLevel=info
+#LogTarget=console
+#LogColor=yes
+#LogLocation=no
+#SystemCallArchitectures=
+#TimerSlackNSec=
+#DefaultTimerAccuracySec=1min
+#DefaultStandardOutput=inherit
+#DefaultStandardError=inherit
+#DefaultTimeoutStartSec=90s
+#DefaultTimeoutStopSec=90s
+#DefaultRestartSec=100ms
+#DefaultStartLimitInterval=10s
+#DefaultStartLimitBurst=5
+#DefaultEnvironment=
+#DefaultLimitCPU=
+#DefaultLimitFSIZE=
+#DefaultLimitDATA=
+#DefaultLimitSTACK=
+#DefaultLimitCORE=
+#DefaultLimitRSS=
+#DefaultLimitNOFILE=
+#DefaultLimitAS=
+#DefaultLimitNPROC=
+#DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=
+#DefaultLimitLOCKS=
+#DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=
+#DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=
+#DefaultLimitNICE=
+#DefaultLimitRTPRIO=
+#DefaultLimitRTTIME=