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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="systemd-activate"
+          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+
+  <refentryinfo>
+    <title>systemd-activate</title>
+    <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+    <authorgroup>
+      <author>
+        <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+        <firstname>Zbigniew</firstname>
+        <surname>Jędrzejewski-Szmek</surname>
+        <email>zbyszek@in.waw.pl</email>
+      </author>
+    </authorgroup>
+  </refentryinfo>
+
+  <refmeta>
+    <refentrytitle>systemd-activate</refentrytitle>
+    <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
+  </refmeta>
+
+  <refnamediv>
+    <refname>systemd-activate</refname>
+    <refpurpose>Test socket activation of daemons</refpurpose>
+  </refnamediv>
+
+  <refsynopsisdiv>
+    <cmdsynopsis>
+      <command>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-activate</command>
+      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+      <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>daemon</replaceable></arg>
+      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
+    </cmdsynopsis>
+  </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Description</title>
+
+    <para><command>systemd-activate</command> may be used to launch a socket-activated service binary from the command
+    line for testing purposes. It may also be used to launch individual instances of the service binary per connection.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>The daemon to launch and its options should be specified
+    after options intended for <command>systemd-activate</command>.
+    </para>
+
+    <para>If the <option>--inetd</option> option is given, the socket file descriptor will be used as the standard
+    input and output of the launched process. Otherwise, standard input and output will be inherited, and sockets will
+    be passed through file descriptors 3 and higher. Sockets passed through <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname> to
+    <command>systemd-activate</command> will be passed through to the daemon, in the original positions. Other sockets
+    specified with <option>--listen=</option> will use consecutive descriptors.  By default,
+    <command>systemd-activate</command> listens on a stream socket, use <option>--datagram</option> and
+    <option>--seqpacket</option> to listen on datagram or sequential packet sockets instead (see below).
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Options</title>
+    <variablelist>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-l <replaceable>address</replaceable></option></term>
+        <term><option>--listen=<replaceable>address</replaceable></option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Listen on this <replaceable>address</replaceable>.
+        Takes a string like <literal>2000</literal> or
+        <literal>127.0.0.1:2001</literal>.</para>
+        </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-a</option></term>
+        <term><option>--accept</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Launch an instance of the service binary for each connection and pass the connection
+        socket.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-d</option></term>
+        <term><option>--datagram</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Listen on a datagram socket (<constant>SOCK_DGRAM</constant>), instead of a stream socket
+        (<constant>SOCK_STREAM</constant>). May not be combined with <option>--seqpacket</option>.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--seqpacket</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Listen on a sequential packet socket (<constant>SOCK_SEQPACKET</constant>), instead of a stream
+        socket (<constant>SOCK_STREAM</constant>). May not be combined with
+        <option>--datagram</option>.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--inetd</option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Use the inetd protocol for passing file descriptors, i.e. as standard input and standard
+        output, instead of the new-style protocol for passing file descriptors using <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>
+        (see above).</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>-E <replaceable>VAR</replaceable><optional>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></optional></option></term>
+        <term><option>--setenv=<replaceable>VAR</replaceable><optional>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable></optional></option></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Add this variable to the environment of the
+        launched process. If <replaceable>VAR</replaceable> is
+        followed by <literal>=</literal>, assume that it is a
+        variable–value pair. Otherwise, obtain the value from the
+        environment of <command>systemd-activate</command> itself.
+        </para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><option>--fdname=</option><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Specify a name for the activation file
+        descriptors. This is equivalent to setting
+        <varname>FileDescriptorName=</varname> in socket unit files, and
+        enables use of
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
+      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Environment variables</title>
+    <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDNAMES</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>See
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+        <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR</varname></term>
+        <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION</varname></term>
+
+        <listitem><para>Same as in
+        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+    </variablelist>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>Examples</title>
+
+    <example>
+      <title>Run an echo server on port 2000</title>
+
+      <programlisting>$ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-activate -l 2000 --inetd -a cat</programlisting>
+    </example>
+
+    <example>
+      <title>Run a socket-activated instance of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journal-gatewayd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry></title>
+
+      <programlisting>$ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-activate -l 19531 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journal-gatewayd</programlisting>
+    </example>
+  </refsect1>
+
+  <refsect1>
+    <title>See Also</title>
+    <para>
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+      <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>cat</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+    </para>
+  </refsect1>
+</refentry>