src/libudev/util.c: bring in line with upstream

To bring this in line with upstream, we had to add in env-util.c.
The approach we will take is to slim down upstream's "shared" code
so that it only contains functions and macros for what we need.

Signed-off-by: Anthony G. Basile <blueness@gentoo.org>

6 files changed, 534 insertions, 316 deletions

diff --git a/src/libudev/Makefile.am b/src/libudev/Makefile.am
index 683944a671..521eea8253 100644
--- a/src/libudev/Makefile.am
+++ b/src/libudev/Makefile.am
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ libudev_la_SOURCES =\
 	cgroup-util.c \
 	conf-files.c \
 	exit-status.c \
+	env-util.c \
 	hashmap.c \
 	log.c \
 	path-util.c \
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@ noinst_HEADERS = \
 	cgroup-util.h \
 	conf-files.h \
 	def.h \
+	env-util.h \
 	exit-status.h \
 	hashmap.h \
 	ioprio.h \
diff --git a/src/libudev/env-util.c b/src/libudev/env-util.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0cb3977b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libudev/env-util.c
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <util.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "strv.h"
+
+char *strv_env_get_n(char **l, const char *name, size_t k) {
+        char **i;
+
+        assert(name);
+
+        if (k <= 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+                if (strneq(*i, name, k) &&
+                    (*i)[k] == '=')
+                        return *i + k + 1;
+
+        return NULL;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/libudev/env-util.h b/src/libudev/env-util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61a5332d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/libudev/env-util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+/***
+  This file is part of systemd.
+
+  Copyright 2013 Lennart Poettering
+
+  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+
+  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+char *strv_env_get_n(char **l, const char *name, size_t k) _pure_;
diff --git a/src/libudev/macro.h b/src/libudev/macro.h
index e930fdab53..4089003e64 100644
--- a/src/libudev/macro.h
+++ b/src/libudev/macro.h
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 
 #define _printf_attr_(a,b) __attribute__ ((format (printf, a, b)))
+#define _alloc_(...) __attribute__ ((alloc_size(__VA_ARGS__)))
 #define _sentinel_ __attribute__ ((sentinel))
 #define _noreturn_ __attribute__((noreturn))
 #define _unused_ __attribute__ ((unused))
@@ -45,16 +46,37 @@
 #define _weakref_(x) __attribute__((weakref(#x)))
 #define _introspect_(x) __attribute__((section("introspect." x)))
 #define _alignas_(x) __attribute__((aligned(__alignof(x))))
+#define _cleanup_(x) __attribute__((cleanup(x)))
+
+/* automake test harness */
+#define EXIT_TEST_SKIP 77
 
 #define XSTRINGIFY(x) #x
 #define STRINGIFY(x) XSTRINGIFY(x)
 
 /* Rounds up */
-#define ALIGN(l) ALIGN_TO((l), sizeof(void*))
+
+#define ALIGN4(l) (((l) + 3) & ~3)
+#define ALIGN8(l) (((l) + 7) & ~7)
+
+#if __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 8
+#define ALIGN(l) ALIGN8(l)
+#elif __SIZEOF_POINTER__ == 4
+#define ALIGN(l) ALIGN4(l)
+#else
+#error "Wut? Pointers are neither 4 nor 8 bytes long?"
+#endif
+
+#define ALIGN_PTR(p) ((void*) ALIGN((unsigned long) p))
+#define ALIGN4_PTR(p) ((void*) ALIGN4((unsigned long) p))
+#define ALIGN8_PTR(p) ((void*) ALIGN8((unsigned long) p))
+
 static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
         return ((l + ali - 1) & ~(ali - 1));
 }
 
+#define ALIGN_TO_PTR(p, ali) ((void*) ALIGN_TO((unsigned long) p))
+
 #define ELEMENTSOF(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))
 
 /*
@@ -64,33 +86,33 @@ static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
  * @member: the name of the member within the struct.
  *
  */
-#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \
-        const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
-        (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
+#define container_of(ptr, type, member)                                 \
+        __extension__ ({                                                \
+                        const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \
+                        (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) ); \
+                })
 
-#ifndef MAX
-#define MAX(a,b)                                \
-        __extension__ ({                        \
-                        typeof(a) _a = (a);     \
-                        typeof(b) _b = (b);     \
-                        _a > _b ? _a : _b;      \
+#undef MAX
+#define MAX(a,b)                                 \
+        __extension__ ({                         \
+                        typeof(a) _a = (a);      \
+                        typeof(b) _b = (b);      \
+                        _a > _b ? _a : _b;       \
                 })
-#endif
 
-#define MAX3(a,b,c)                             \
-        MAX(MAX(a,b),c)
+#define MAX3(x,y,z)                              \
+        __extension__ ({                         \
+                        typeof(x) _c = MAX(x,y); \
+                        MAX(_c, z);              \
+                })
 
-#ifndef MIN
+#undef MIN
 #define MIN(a,b)                                \
         __extension__ ({                        \
                         typeof(a) _a = (a);     \
                         typeof(b) _b = (b);     \
                         _a < _b ? _a : _b;      \
                 })
-#endif
-
-#define MIN3(a,b,c)                             \
-        MIN(MIN(a,b),c)
 
 #define CLAMP(x, low, high)                                             \
         __extension__ ({                                                \
@@ -119,36 +141,47 @@ static inline size_t ALIGN_TO(size_t l, size_t ali) {
                 log_assert_failed_unreachable(t, __FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__); \
         } while (false)
 
-#define assert_cc(expr)                            \
-        do {                                       \
-                switch (0) {                       \
-                        case 0:                    \
-                        case !!(expr):             \
-                                ;                  \
-                }                                  \
+#if defined(static_assert)
+#define assert_cc(expr)                         \
+        do {                                    \
+                static_assert(expr, #expr);     \
+        } while (false)
+#else
+#define assert_cc(expr)                         \
+        do {                                    \
+                switch (0) {                    \
+                case 0:                         \
+                case !!(expr):                  \
+                        ;                       \
+                }                               \
         } while (false)
+#endif
 
+#define PTR_TO_INT(p) ((int) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
 #define PTR_TO_UINT(p) ((unsigned int) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
-#define UINT_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
-
-#define PTR_TO_UINT32(p) ((uint32_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
-#define UINT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+#define UINT_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
 
+#define PTR_TO_LONG(p) ((long) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define LONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
 #define PTR_TO_ULONG(p) ((unsigned long) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
-#define ULONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
+#define ULONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
 
-#define PTR_TO_INT(p) ((int) ((intptr_t) (p)))
-#define INT_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_INT32(p) ((int32_t) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_UINT32(p) ((uint32_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
 
-#define TO_INT32(p) ((int32_t) ((intptr_t) (p)))
-#define INT32_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((intptr_t) (u)))
-
-#define PTR_TO_LONG(p) ((long) ((intptr_t) (p)))
-#define LONG_TO_PTR(u) ((void*) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_INT64(p) ((int64_t) ((intptr_t) (p)))
+#define INT64_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((intptr_t) (u)))
+#define PTR_TO_UINT64(p) ((uint64_t) ((uintptr_t) (p)))
+#define UINT64_TO_PTR(u) ((void *) ((uintptr_t) (u)))
 
 #define memzero(x,l) (memset((x), 0, (l)))
 #define zero(x) (memzero(&(x), sizeof(x)))
 
+#define CHAR_TO_STR(x) ((char[2]) { x, 0 })
+
 #define char_array_0(x) x[sizeof(x)-1] = 0;
 
 #define IOVEC_SET_STRING(i, s)                  \
@@ -187,13 +220,6 @@ static inline size_t IOVEC_INCREMENT(struct iovec *i, unsigned n, size_t k) {
         return k;
 }
 
-#define _cleanup_free_ __attribute__((cleanup(freep)))
-#define _cleanup_fclose_ __attribute__((cleanup(fclosep)))
-#define _cleanup_close_ __attribute__((cleanup(closep)))
-#define _cleanup_closedir_ __attribute__((cleanup(closedirp)))
-#define _cleanup_umask_ __attribute__((cleanup(umaskp)))
-#define _cleanup_strv_free_ __attribute__((cleanup(strv_freep)))
-
 #define VA_FORMAT_ADVANCE(format, ap)                                   \
 do {                                                                    \
         int _argtypes[128];                                             \
@@ -239,4 +265,24 @@ do {                                                                    \
         }                                                               \
 } while(false)
 
+ /* Because statfs.t_type can be int on some architecures, we have to cast
+  * the const magic to the type, otherwise the compiler warns about
+  * signed/unsigned comparison, because the magic can be 32 bit unsigned.
+ */
+#define F_TYPE_CMP(a, b) (a == (typeof(a)) b)
+
+
+/* Returns the number of chars needed to format variables of the
+ * specified type as a decimal string. Adds in extra space for a
+ * negative '-' prefix. */
+
+#define DECIMAL_STR_MAX(type)                                           \
+        (1+(sizeof(type) <= 1 ? 3 :                                     \
+            sizeof(type) <= 2 ? 5 :                                     \
+            sizeof(type) <= 4 ? 10 :                                    \
+            sizeof(type) <= 8 ? 20 : sizeof(int[-2*(sizeof(type) > 8)])))
+
+#define SET_FLAG(v, flag, b) \
+        (v) = (b) ? ((v) | (flag)) : ((v) & ~(flag))
+
 #include "log.h"
diff --git a/src/libudev/util.c b/src/libudev/util.c
index d3982b92e1..b93b5c1b68 100644
--- a/src/libudev/util.c
+++ b/src/libudev/util.c
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "exit-status.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
 
 int saved_argc = 0;
 char **saved_argv = NULL;
@@ -77,10 +78,6 @@ char **saved_argv = NULL;
 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
 
-bool is_efiboot(void) {
-        return access("/sys/firmware/efi", F_OK) >= 0;
-}
-
 size_t page_size(void) {
         static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
         long r;
@@ -285,34 +282,41 @@ bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
 }
 
 int close_nointr(int fd) {
-        assert(fd >= 0);
-
-        for (;;) {
-                int r;
+        int r;
 
-                r = close(fd);
-                if (r >= 0)
-                        return r;
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+        r = close(fd);
 
-                if (errno != EINTR)
-                        return -errno;
-        }
+        /* Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong
+         * thing to do on Linux.
+         *
+         * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
+         * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
+         * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
+         * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
+         */
+        if (_unlikely_(r < 0 && errno == EINTR))
+                return 0;
+        else if (r >= 0)
+                return r;
+        else
+                return -errno;
 }
 
 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
-        int saved_errno = errno;
+        PROTECT_ERRNO;
 
         /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
          * is unchanged */
 
         assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
-
-        errno = saved_errno;
 }
 
 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
         unsigned i;
 
+        assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
+
         for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
                 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
 }
@@ -384,7 +388,7 @@ int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
         l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
 
         if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 
         if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
                 return -ERANGE;
@@ -404,7 +408,7 @@ int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
         l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
 
         if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
-                return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
 
         if ((long) (int) l != l)
                 return -ERANGE;
@@ -523,22 +527,25 @@ char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
         int r;
         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
+        char line[LINE_MAX];
         long unsigned ppid;
+        const char *p;
 
-        assert(pid > 0);
+        assert(pid >= 0);
         assert(_ppid);
 
-        assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
-        char_array_0(fn);
+        if (pid == 0) {
+                *_ppid = getppid();
+                return 0;
+        }
 
-        f = fopen(fn, "re");
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
+        f = fopen(p, "re");
         if (!f)
                 return -errno;
 
         if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
                 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
-                fclose(f);
                 return r;
         }
 
@@ -568,15 +575,18 @@ int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
 
 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
         _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
-        char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
+        char line[LINE_MAX];
+        const char *p;
 
-        assert(pid > 0);
+        assert(pid >= 0);
         assert(st);
 
-        assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
-        char_array_0(fn);
+        if (pid == 0)
+                p = "/proc/self/stat";
+        else
+                p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
 
-        f = fopen(fn, "re");
+        f = fopen(p, "re");
         if (!f)
                 return -errno;
 
@@ -1141,34 +1151,23 @@ int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
 }
 
 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
-        char *p;
-        FILE *f;
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        char line[LINE_MAX];
+        const char *p;
 
+        assert(field);
         assert(uid);
 
         if (pid == 0)
                 return getuid();
 
-        if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
+        p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
         f = fopen(p, "re");
-        free(p);
-
         if (!f)
                 return -errno;
 
-        while (!feof(f)) {
-                char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
-
-                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
-                        if (feof(f))
-                                break;
-
-                        r = -errno;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
+                char *l;
 
                 l = strstrip(line);
 
@@ -1178,17 +1177,11 @@ static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
 
                         l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
 
-                        r = parse_uid(l, uid);
-                        goto finish;
+                        return parse_uid(l, uid);
                 }
         }
 
-        r = -EIO;
-
-finish:
-        fclose(f);
-
-        return r;
+        return -EIO;
 }
 
 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
@@ -1196,6 +1189,7 @@ int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
 }
 
 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
+        assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
         return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
 }
 
@@ -1265,18 +1259,18 @@ int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
 }
 
 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
-        char *target, *k;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
+        char *k;
         int j;
 
         assert(p);
         assert(r);
 
-        if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
+        j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
+        if (j < 0)
                 return j;
 
         k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
-        free(target);
-
         if (!k)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1311,15 +1305,14 @@ int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
         int sig;
 
         for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
-                struct sigaction sa;
+                struct sigaction sa = {
+                        .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
+                        .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+                };
 
                 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
                         continue;
 
-                zero(sa);
-                sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
-                sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
-
                 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
                  * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
                 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
@@ -1450,7 +1443,6 @@ int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-
 char hexchar(int x) {
         static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
 
@@ -1746,16 +1738,24 @@ char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
         assert(s);
 
         /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
-         * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
+         * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape(). We special
+         * case the empty string. */
 
-        if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
+        if (*s == 0)
+                return strdup("_");
+
+        r = new(char, strlen(s)*3 + 1);
+        if (!r)
                 return NULL;
 
         for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
 
+                /* Escape everything that is not a-zA-Z0-9. We also
+                 * escape 0-9 if it's the first character */
+
                 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
                     !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
-                    !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
+                    !(f > s && *f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
                         *(t++) = '_';
                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
                         *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
@@ -1773,7 +1773,12 @@ char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
 
         assert(f);
 
-        if (!(r = strdup(f)))
+        /* Special case for the empty string */
+        if (streq(f, "_"))
+                return strdup("");
+
+        r = new(char, strlen(f) + 1);
+        if (!r)
                 return NULL;
 
         for (t = r; *f; f++) {
@@ -1810,7 +1815,7 @@ char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
         return t;
 }
 
-static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
+_pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
         assert(filename);
 
         return
@@ -1873,7 +1878,7 @@ int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
+_pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
         unsigned i;
 
         assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
@@ -2355,29 +2360,28 @@ int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
 }
 
 int flush_fd(int fd) {
-        struct pollfd pollfd;
-
-        zero(pollfd);
-        pollfd.fd = fd;
-        pollfd.events = POLLIN;
+        struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                .fd = fd,
+                .events = POLLIN,
+        };
 
         for (;;) {
                 char buf[LINE_MAX];
                 ssize_t l;
                 int r;
 
-                if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
-
+                r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         if (errno == EINTR)
                                 continue;
 
                         return -errno;
-                }
 
-                if (r == 0)
+                } else if (r == 0)
                         return 0;
 
-                if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
+                l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+                if (l < 0) {
 
                         if (errno == EINTR)
                                 continue;
@@ -2386,9 +2390,7 @@ int flush_fd(int fd) {
                                 return 0;
 
                         return -errno;
-                }
-
-                if (l <= 0)
+                } else if (l == 0)
                         return 0;
         }
 }
@@ -2402,7 +2404,6 @@ int acquire_terminal(
 
         int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
         usec_t ts = 0;
-        struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
 
         assert(name);
 
@@ -2437,6 +2438,11 @@ int acquire_terminal(
         }
 
         for (;;) {
+                struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
+                        .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                        .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+                };
+
                 if (notify >= 0) {
                         r = flush_fd(notify);
                         if (r < 0)
@@ -2452,9 +2458,6 @@ int acquire_terminal(
 
                 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
                  * if we already own the tty. */
-                zero(sa_new);
-                sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
-                sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
                 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
 
                 /* First, try to get the tty */
@@ -2561,18 +2564,19 @@ fail:
 }
 
 int release_terminal(void) {
-        int r = 0, fd;
-        struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
+        int r = 0;
+        struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+        };
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd;
 
-        if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
+        fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
         /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
          * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
-
-        zero(sa_new);
-        sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
-        sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
         assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
 
         if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
@@ -2580,7 +2584,6 @@ int release_terminal(void) {
 
         assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
 
-        close_nointr_nofail(fd);
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -2598,13 +2601,13 @@ int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
 }
 
 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
-        struct sigaction sa;
+        struct sigaction sa = {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
+                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+        };
         va_list ap;
         int r = 0;
 
-        zero(sa);
-        sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
-        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
 
         if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
                 r = -errno;
@@ -2619,14 +2622,13 @@ int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
 }
 
 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
-        struct sigaction sa;
+        struct sigaction sa = {
+                .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
+                .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
+        };
         va_list ap;
         int r = 0;
 
-        zero(sa);
-        sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
-        sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
-
         if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
                 r = -errno;
 
@@ -2675,11 +2677,10 @@ ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
                                 continue;
 
                         if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
-                                struct pollfd pollfd;
-
-                                zero(pollfd);
-                                pollfd.fd = fd;
-                                pollfd.events = POLLIN;
+                                struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                                        .fd = fd,
+                                        .events = POLLIN,
+                                };
 
                                 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
                                         if (errno == EINTR)
@@ -2724,11 +2725,10 @@ ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
                                 continue;
 
                         if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
-                                struct pollfd pollfd;
-
-                                zero(pollfd);
-                                pollfd.fd = fd;
-                                pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
+                                struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                                        .fd = fd,
+                                        .events = POLLOUT,
+                                };
 
                                 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
                                         if (errno == EINTR)
@@ -2942,7 +2942,7 @@ int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
                 errno = 0;
                 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
 
-                if (errno != 0)
+                if (errno > 0)
                         return -errno;
 
                 if (l < 0)
@@ -3202,27 +3202,29 @@ int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
 }
 
 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
-        int k;
-        char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
         unsigned long ttynr;
-        FILE *f;
+        const char *fn;
+        int k;
 
-        if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        assert(pid >= 0);
+        assert(d);
+
+        if (pid == 0)
+                fn = "/proc/self/stat";
+        else
+                fn = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
 
         f = fopen(fn, "re");
-        free(fn);
         if (!f)
                 return -errno;
 
         if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
                 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
-                fclose(f);
                 return k;
         }
 
-        fclose(f);
-
         p = strrchr(line, ')');
         if (!p)
                 return -EIO;
@@ -3238,13 +3240,16 @@ int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
                    &ttynr) != 1)
                 return -EIO;
 
+        if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
         *d = (dev_t) ttynr;
         return 0;
 }
 
 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
         int k;
-        char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
+        char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *s, *b, *p;
         dev_t devnr;
 
         assert(r);
@@ -3254,9 +3259,9 @@ int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
                 return k;
 
         snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
-        char_array_0(fn);
 
-        if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
+        k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
+        if (k < 0) {
 
                 if (k != -ENOENT)
                         return k;
@@ -3277,7 +3282,8 @@ int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
                  * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
                  * vaguely useful. */
 
-                if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
+                b = strdup(fn + 5);
+                if (!b)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
                 *r = b;
@@ -3400,6 +3406,13 @@ int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct
         return ret;
 }
 
+_pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
+        assert(s);
+        return
+                F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
+                F_TYPE_CMP(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
+}
+
 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
         struct statfs s;
 
@@ -3413,9 +3426,7 @@ int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root
         /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
          * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
          * non-state data */
-
-        if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
-            s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
+        if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
                 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
                 return -EPERM;
@@ -3448,8 +3459,7 @@ static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bo
                         if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
                                 return -errno;
 
-                        if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
-                            s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
+                        if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
                                 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
                                 return -EPERM;
                         }
@@ -3468,8 +3478,7 @@ static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bo
                         return -errno;
                 }
 
-                if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
-                    s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
+                if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
                         log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
                         return -EPERM;
@@ -3561,12 +3570,13 @@ cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
         }
 }
 
-int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
+int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
         static const char status_indent[] = "         "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
         _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
         _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
-        struct iovec iovec[5];
+        struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
         int n = 0;
+        static bool prev_ephemeral;
 
         assert(format);
 
@@ -3602,7 +3612,9 @@ int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list
                 }
         }
 
-        zero(iovec);
+        if (prev_ephemeral)
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
+        prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
 
         if (status) {
                 if (!isempty(status)) {
@@ -3614,7 +3626,8 @@ int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list
         }
 
         IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
-        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
+        if (!ephemeral)
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
 
         if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
                 return -errno;
@@ -3622,14 +3635,14 @@ int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list
         return 0;
 }
 
-int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
+int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
         va_list ap;
         int r;
 
         assert(format);
 
         va_start(ap, format);
-        r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
+        r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
         va_end(ap);
 
         return r;
@@ -3646,7 +3659,7 @@ int status_welcome(void) {
         if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
                 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
 
-        return status_printf(NULL, false,
+        return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
                              "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
                              isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
                              isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
@@ -3701,10 +3714,10 @@ char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
                         if (*e == '}') {
                                 const char *t;
 
-                                if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
-                                        t = "";
+                                t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
 
-                                if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
+                                k = strappend(r, t);
+                                if (!k)
                                         goto fail;
 
                                 free(r);
@@ -3745,7 +3758,8 @@ char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
                         char **w, **m;
                         unsigned q;
 
-                        if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
+                        e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
+                        if (e) {
 
                                 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
                                         r[k] = NULL;
@@ -3787,8 +3801,7 @@ char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
 }
 
 int fd_columns(int fd) {
-        struct winsize ws;
-        zero(ws);
+        struct winsize ws = {};
 
         if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
                 return -errno;
@@ -3801,7 +3814,7 @@ int fd_columns(int fd) {
 
 unsigned columns(void) {
         const char *e;
-        unsigned c;
+        int c;
 
         if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
                 return cached_columns;
@@ -3809,7 +3822,7 @@ unsigned columns(void) {
         c = 0;
         e = getenv("COLUMNS");
         if (e)
-                safe_atou(e, &c);
+                safe_atoi(e, &c);
 
         if (c <= 0)
                 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
@@ -3822,8 +3835,7 @@ unsigned columns(void) {
 }
 
 int fd_lines(int fd) {
-        struct winsize ws;
-        zero(ws);
+        struct winsize ws = {};
 
         if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
                 return -errno;
@@ -3872,13 +3884,9 @@ bool on_tty(void) {
 }
 
 int running_in_chroot(void) {
-        struct stat a, b;
-
-        zero(a);
-        zero(b);
+        struct stat a = {}, b = {};
 
         /* Only works as root */
-
         if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
@@ -4233,6 +4241,29 @@ int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
         return i;
 }
 
+char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
+        char *tty;
+
+        /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
+         * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
+
+        if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
+         * /dev/console points to */
+        tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
+        if (tty)
+                tty++;
+        else
+                tty = *active;
+
+        return tty;
+}
+
 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
         char *active = NULL;
         bool b;
@@ -4242,19 +4273,11 @@ bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
         if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
                 tty += 5;
 
-        /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
-         * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
-         * for container setups) */
-        if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
-                if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
-                        /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
-                         * last one is what /dev/console points to */
-                        tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
-                        if (tty)
-                                tty++;
-                        else
-                                tty = active;
-                }
+        if (streq(tty, "console")) {
+                tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
+                if (!tty)
+                        return false;
+        }
 
         b = tty_is_vc(tty);
         free(active);
@@ -4343,8 +4366,8 @@ void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
 
         assert(directory);
 
-        /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
-         * until all they all finished. */
+        /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and
+         * waits for them to finish. */
 
         if (!d) {
                 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
@@ -4410,10 +4433,9 @@ void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
 
         while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
                 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
-                siginfo_t si;
+                siginfo_t si = {};
                 char *path;
 
-                zero(si);
                 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
 
                         if (errno == EINTR)
@@ -4493,13 +4515,27 @@ static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
 
 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
         const char *p;
+        bool dot;
 
         if (isempty(s))
                 return false;
 
-        for (p = s; *p; p++)
-                if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
-                        return false;
+        for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
+                if (*p == '.') {
+                        if (dot)
+                                return false;
+
+                        dot = true;
+                } else {
+                        if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
+                                return false;
+
+                        dot = false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (dot)
+                return false;
 
         if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
                 return false;
@@ -4507,31 +4543,40 @@ bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
         return true;
 }
 
-char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
+char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
         char *p, *d;
+        bool dot;
+
+        for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
+                if (*p == '.') {
+                        if (dot)
+                                continue;
+
+                        *(d++) = '.';
+                        dot = true;
+                } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
+                        *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
+                        dot = false;
+                }
 
-        for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
-                if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
-                    (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
-                    (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
-                    *p == '-' ||
-                    *p == '_' ||
-                    *p == '.')
-                        *(d++) = *p;
+        }
 
-        *d = 0;
+        if (dot && d > s)
+                d[-1] = 0;
+        else
+                *d = 0;
 
         strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
+
         return s;
 }
 
 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
-        struct pollfd pollfd;
         int r;
-
-        zero(pollfd);
-        pollfd.fd = fd;
-        pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
+        struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                .fd = fd,
+                .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
+        };
 
         r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -4544,12 +4589,11 @@ int pipe_eof(int fd) {
 }
 
 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
-        struct pollfd pollfd;
         int r;
-
-        zero(pollfd);
-        pollfd.fd = fd;
-        pollfd.events = event;
+        struct pollfd pollfd = {
+                .fd = fd,
+                .events = event,
+        };
 
         r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
         if (r < 0)
@@ -4881,7 +4925,7 @@ int get_user_creds(
         }
 
         if (!p)
-                return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 
         if (uid)
                 *uid = p->pw_uid;
@@ -4928,7 +4972,7 @@ int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
         }
 
         if (!g)
-                return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 
         if (gid)
                 *gid = g->gr_gid;
@@ -4936,14 +4980,10 @@ int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-int in_group(const char *name) {
-        gid_t gid, *gids;
+int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
+        gid_t *gids;
         int ngroups_max, r, i;
 
-        r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
         if (getgid() == gid)
                 return 1;
 
@@ -4966,13 +5006,23 @@ int in_group(const char *name) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+int in_group(const char *name) {
+        int r;
+        gid_t gid;
+
+        r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return in_gid(gid);
+}
+
 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
-        glob_t g;
+        _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
         int r, k;
 
         assert(path);
 
-        zero(g);
         errno = 0;
         k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
 
@@ -4985,8 +5035,6 @@ int glob_exists(const char *path) {
         else
                 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 
-        globfree(&g);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -5388,7 +5436,7 @@ static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
 
 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
-        static __thread char buf[12];
+        static __thread char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
         const char *name;
 
         name = __signal_to_string(signo);
@@ -5396,10 +5444,10 @@ const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
                 return name;
 
         if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
-                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
+                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
         else
-                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
-        char_array_0(buf);
+                snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
+
         return buf;
 }
 
@@ -5667,20 +5715,21 @@ int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
 }
 
 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
-        char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        char *value = NULL;
         int r;
-        FILE *f;
         bool done = false;
         size_t l;
+        const char *path;
 
+        assert(pid >= 0);
         assert(field);
         assert(_value);
 
         if (pid == 0)
-                pid = getpid();
-
-        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
-        char_array_0(path);
+                path = "/proc/self/environ";
+        else
+                path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
 
         f = fopen(path, "re");
         if (!f)
@@ -5709,10 +5758,8 @@ int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
 
                 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
                         value = strdup(line + l + 1);
-                        if (!value) {
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                break;
-                        }
+                        if (!value)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
 
                         r = 1;
                         break;
@@ -5720,11 +5767,7 @@ int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
 
         } while (!done);
 
-        fclose(f);
-
-        if (r >= 0)
-                *_value = value;
-
+        *_value = value;
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -5812,7 +5855,7 @@ bool in_initrd(void) {
 
         saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
                 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
-                (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
+                is_temporary_fs(&s);
 
         return saved;
 }
@@ -5892,7 +5935,7 @@ int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
         errno = 0;
         p = getpwuid(u);
         if (!p)
-                return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+                return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 
         if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
                 return -EINVAL;
@@ -6185,7 +6228,23 @@ bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
                 goto out;
         }
 
-        cached_answer = streq(set, "UTF-8");
+        if(streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true,
+         * because CTYPE is effectly unset and
+         * everything defaults to UTF-8 nowadays. */
+
+        set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
+        if (!set) {
+                cached_answer = true;
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        cached_answer = streq(set, "C");
+
 out:
         return (bool)cached_answer;
 }
@@ -6196,12 +6255,14 @@ const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
                         [DRAW_TREE_VERT]          = "\342\224\202 ",            /* │  */
                         [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
                         [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
+                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",                       /*    */
                         [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = "\342\200\243 ",            /* ‣  */
                 },
                 /* ASCII fallback */ {
                         [DRAW_TREE_VERT]          = "| ",
                         [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH]        = "|-",
                         [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT]         = "`-",
+                        [DRAW_TREE_SPACE]         = "  ",
                         [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET]  = "> ",
                 }
         };
diff --git a/src/libudev/util.h b/src/libudev/util.h
index b9230e38bc..6748076943 100644
--- a/src/libudev/util.h
+++ b/src/libudev/util.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
+#include <alloca.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "macro.h"
 
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ union dirent_storage {
 #define WHITESPACE " \t\n\r"
 #define NEWLINE "\n\r"
 #define QUOTES "\"\'"
-#define COMMENTS "#;\n"
+#define COMMENTS "#;"
 
 #define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX (5+11+9+4+1)
 #define FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX 256
@@ -85,12 +87,13 @@ union dirent_storage {
 #define FORMAT_BYTES_MAX 8
 
 #define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "\x1B[1;39m"
+#define ANSI_RED_ON "\x1B[31m"
 #define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON "\x1B[1;31m"
+#define ANSI_GREEN_ON "\x1B[32m"
 #define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON "\x1B[1;32m"
 #define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_YELLOW_ON "\x1B[1;33m"
 #define ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF "\x1B[0m"
-
-bool is_efiboot(void);
+#define ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE "\x1B[K"
 
 usec_t now(clockid_t clock);
 
@@ -111,7 +114,7 @@ size_t page_size(void);
 #define streq(a,b) (strcmp((a),(b)) == 0)
 #define strneq(a, b, n) (strncmp((a), (b), (n)) == 0)
 
-bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b);
+bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
 
 #define new(t, n) ((t*) malloc_multiply(sizeof(t), (n)))
 
@@ -143,17 +146,17 @@ static inline bool isempty(const char *p) {
         return !p || !p[0];
 }
 
-char *endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix);
-char *startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix);
-char *startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix);
+char *endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) _pure_;
+char *startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) _pure_;
+char *startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) _pure_;
 
-bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word);
+bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) _pure_;
 
 int close_nointr(int fd);
 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd);
 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd);
 
-int parse_boolean(const char *v);
+int parse_boolean(const char *v) _pure_;
 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec);
 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes);
@@ -257,12 +260,12 @@ int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name);
 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid);
 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid);
 
-char hexchar(int x);
-int unhexchar(char c);
-char octchar(int x);
-int unoctchar(char c);
-char decchar(int x);
-int undecchar(char c);
+char hexchar(int x) _const_;
+int unhexchar(char c) _const_;
+char octchar(int x) _const_;
+int unoctchar(char c) _const_;
+char decchar(int x) _const_;
+int undecchar(char c) _const_;
 
 char *cescape(const char *s);
 char *cunescape(const char *s);
@@ -276,12 +279,12 @@ char *bus_path_unescape(const char *s);
 
 char *ascii_strlower(char *path);
 
-bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de);
-bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix);
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) _pure_;
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) _pure_;
 
-bool ignore_file(const char *filename);
+bool ignore_file(const char *filename) _pure_;
 
-bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b);
+bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) _pure_;
 
 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t);
 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t);
@@ -357,7 +360,7 @@ bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype);
 int chvt(int vt);
 
 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t timeout, bool *need_nl);
-int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...);
+int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) _printf_attr_(3, 4);
 
 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text);
 int reset_terminal(const char *name);
@@ -410,8 +413,8 @@ int pipe_eof(int fd);
 
 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus);
 
-int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap);
-int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...);
+int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) _printf_attr_(4,0);
+int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) _printf_attr_(4,5);
 int status_welcome(void);
 
 int fd_columns(int fd);
@@ -437,7 +440,7 @@ int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid);
 
 _noreturn_ void freeze(void);
 
-bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st);
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) _pure_;
 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn);
 
 DIR *xopendirat(int dirfd, const char *name, int flags);
@@ -447,9 +450,10 @@ void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t);
 
 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p);
 
+char *resolve_dev_console(char **active);
 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty);
 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty);
-bool tty_is_console(const char *tty);
+bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) _pure_;
 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty);
 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty);
 
@@ -462,8 +466,8 @@ bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle);
 
 bool plymouth_running(void);
 
-bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s);
-char* hostname_cleanup(char *s);
+bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) _pure_;
+char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase);
 
 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l);
 
@@ -478,12 +482,13 @@ int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to);
 
 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t mode);
 
-bool display_is_local(const char *display);
+bool display_is_local(const char *display) _pure_;
 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path);
 
 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home, const char **shell);
 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid);
 
+int in_gid(gid_t gid);
 int in_group(const char *name);
 
 int glob_exists(const char *path);
@@ -497,7 +502,7 @@ char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) _sentinel_;
 
 bool is_main_thread(void);
 
-bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset);
+bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) _pure_;
 
 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret);
 
@@ -514,8 +519,8 @@ int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b);
 int ioprio_class_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
 int ioprio_class_from_string(const char *s);
 
-const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i);
-int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s);
+const char *sigchld_code_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int sigchld_code_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 
 int log_facility_unshifted_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
 int log_facility_unshifted_from_string(const char *s);
@@ -526,14 +531,14 @@ int log_level_from_string(const char *s);
 int sched_policy_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
 int sched_policy_from_string(const char *s);
 
-const char *rlimit_to_string(int i);
-int rlimit_from_string(const char *s);
+const char *rlimit_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int rlimit_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 
 int ip_tos_to_string_alloc(int i, char **s);
 int ip_tos_from_string(const char *s);
 
-const char *signal_to_string(int i);
-int signal_from_string(const char *s);
+const char *signal_to_string(int i) _const_;
+int signal_from_string(const char *s) _pure_;
 
 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s);
 
@@ -542,7 +547,7 @@ extern char **saved_argv;
 
 bool kexec_loaded(void);
 
-int prot_from_flags(int flags);
+int prot_from_flags(int flags) _const_;
 
 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t);
 
@@ -579,22 +584,30 @@ void closep(int *fd);
 void closedirp(DIR **d);
 void umaskp(mode_t *u);
 
-_malloc_  static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
+#define _cleanup_free_ _cleanup_(freep)
+#define _cleanup_fclose_ _cleanup_(fclosep)
+#define _cleanup_pclose_ _cleanup_(pclosep)
+#define _cleanup_close_ _cleanup_(closep)
+#define _cleanup_closedir_ _cleanup_(closedirp)
+#define _cleanup_umask_ _cleanup_(umaskp)
+#define _cleanup_globfree_ _cleanup_(globfree)
+
+_malloc_  _alloc_(1, 2) static inline void *malloc_multiply(size_t a, size_t b) {
         if (_unlikely_(b == 0 || a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
                 return NULL;
 
         return malloc(a * b);
 }
 
-_malloc_ static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
+_alloc_(2, 3) static inline void *memdup_multiply(const void *p, size_t a, size_t b) {
         if (_unlikely_(b == 0 || a > ((size_t) -1) / b))
                 return NULL;
 
         return memdup(p, a * b);
 }
 
-bool filename_is_safe(const char *p);
-bool string_is_safe(const char *p);
+bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
+bool string_is_safe(const char *p) _pure_;
 
 int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec);
 
@@ -608,9 +621,37 @@ typedef enum DrawSpecialChar {
         DRAW_TREE_VERT,
         DRAW_TREE_BRANCH,
         DRAW_TREE_RIGHT,
+        DRAW_TREE_SPACE,
         DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET,
         _DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX
 } DrawSpecialChar;
 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch);
 
 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string);
+
+
+#define FOREACH_LINE(line, f, on_error)                         \
+        for (;;)                                                \
+                if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {            \
+                        if (ferror(f)) {                        \
+                                on_error;                       \
+                        }                                       \
+                        break;                                  \
+                } else
+
+
+static inline void _reset_errno_(int *saved_errno) {
+        errno = *saved_errno;
+}
+
+#define PROTECT_ERRNO _cleanup_(_reset_errno_) __attribute__((unused)) int _saved_errno_ = errno
+
+#define procfs_file_alloca(pid, field)                                  \
+        ({                                                              \
+                pid_t _pid_ = (pid);                                    \
+                char *_r_;                                              \
+                _r_ = alloca(sizeof("/proc/") -1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 1 + sizeof(field)); \
+                sprintf(_r_, "/proc/%lu/" field, (unsigned long) _pid_); \
+                _r_;                                                    \
+        })
+