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-<?xml version="1.0"?>
-<!--*-nxml-*-->
-<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
-<!--
- This file is part of systemd.
-
- Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
-
- systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
- (at your option) any later version.
-
- systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
- You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
- along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
- This is based on crypttab(5) from Fedora's initscripts package, which in
- turn is based on Debian's version.
-
- The Red Hat version has been written by Miloslav Trmac <mitr@redhat.com>.
-
--->
-<refentry id="crypttab">
-
- <refentryinfo>
- <title>crypttab</title>
- <productname>systemd</productname>
-
- <authorgroup>
- <author>
- <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
- <firstname>Miloslav</firstname>
- <surname>Trmac</surname>
- <email>mitr@redhat.com</email>
- </author>
- <author>
- <contrib>Documentation</contrib>
- <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
- <surname>Poettering</surname>
- <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
- </author>
- </authorgroup>
- </refentryinfo>
-
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
- <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
- </refmeta>
-
- <refnamediv>
- <refname>crypttab</refname>
- <refpurpose>Configuration for encrypted block devices</refpurpose>
- </refnamediv>
-
- <refsynopsisdiv>
- <para><filename>/etc/crypttab</filename></para>
- </refsynopsisdiv>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
-
- <para>The <filename>/etc/crypttab</filename> file
- describes encrypted block devices that are set up
- during system boot.</para>
-
- <para>Empty lines and lines starting with the #
- character are ignored. Each of the remaining lines
- describes one encrypted block device, fields on the
- line are delimited by white space. The first two
- fields are mandatory, the remaining two are
- optional.</para>
-
- <para>The first field contains the name of the
- resulting encrypted block device; the device is set up
- within <filename>/dev/mapper/</filename>.</para>
-
- <para>The second field contains a path to the
- underlying block device, or a specification of a block
- device via <literal>UUID=</literal> followed by the
- UUID. If the block device contains a LUKS signature,
- it is opened as a LUKS encrypted partition; otherwise
- it is assumed to be a raw dm-crypt partition.</para>
-
- <para>The third field specifies the encryption
- password. If the field is not present or the password
- is set to none, the password has to be manually
- entered during system boot. Otherwise the field is
- interpreted as a path to a file containing the
- encryption password. For swap encryption
- <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> or the hardware
- device <filename>/dev/hw_random</filename> can be used
- as the password file; using
- <filename>/dev/random</filename> may prevent boot
- completion if the system does not have enough entropy
- to generate a truly random encryption key.</para>
-
- <para>The fourth field, if present, is a
- comma-delimited list of options. The following
- options are recognized:</para>
-
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>cipher=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the cipher
- to use; see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for possible values and the default
- value of this option. A cipher with
- unpredictable IV values, such as
- <literal>aes-cbc-essiv:sha256</literal>,
- is recommended. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>size=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the key size
- in bits; see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for possible values and the default
- value of this
- option. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>keyfile-size=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum number
- of bytes to read from the keyfile; see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for possible values and the default
- value of this option. This option is ignored
- in plain encryption mode, as the keyfile-size is then given by the key size.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>keyfile-offset=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the number
- of bytes to skip at the start of
- the keyfile; see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for possible values and the default
- value of this option.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>hash=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the hash to
- use for password hashing; see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for possible values and
- the default value of this
- option. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>tries=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specifies the maximum
- number of times the user is queried
- for a password.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>verify</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para> If the encryption
- password is read from console, it has
- to be entered twice (to prevent
- typos). </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>read-only</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Set up the encrypted
- block device in read-only
- mode.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>allow-discards</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Allow discard requests
- to be passed through the encrypted
- block device. This improves
- performance on SSD storage but has
- security
- implications.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>luks</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Force LUKS mode.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>plain</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Force plain encryption
- mode.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>timeout=</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Specify the timeout
- for querying for a password. If no
- unit is specified seconds is used.
- Supported units are s, ms,
- us, min, h, d.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>noauto</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para> This device will not
- be automatically unlocked on
- boot. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>nofail</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>The system will not
- wait for the device to show up and be
- unlocked at boot, and not fail the
- boot if it doesn't show
- up.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>swap</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para> The encrypted block
- device will be used as a swap
- partition, and will be formatted as a
- swap partition after setting up the
- encrypted block device, with
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
-
- <para>WARNING: Using the
- <varname>swap</varname> option will
- destroy the contents of the named
- partition during every boot, so make
- sure the underlying block device is
- specified
- correctly. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>tmp</varname></term>
-
- <listitem><para>The encrypted block
- device will be prepared for using it
- as <filename>/tmp</filename>
- partition: it will be formatted using
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
-
- <para>WARNING: Using the
- <varname>tmp</varname> option will
- destroy the contents of the named
- partition during every boot, so make
- sure the underlying block device is
- specified
- correctly. </para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
-
- <para>At early boot and when the system manager
- configuration is reloaded this file is translated into
- native systemd units
- by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>Example</title>
- <example>
- <title>/etc/crypttab example</title>
- <para>Set up two encrypted block devices with
- LUKS: one normal one for storage, and another
- one for usage as swap device.</para>
-
- <programlisting>luks-2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b UUID=2505567a-9e27-4efe-a4d5-15ad146c258b - timeout=0
-swap /dev/sda7 /dev/urandom swap</programlisting>
- </example>
- </refsect1>
-
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mkswap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mke2fs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
-
-</refentry>