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-rw-r--r--src/core/dbus-execute.c9
-rw-r--r--src/core/execute.c392
-rw-r--r--src/core/execute.h2
-rw-r--r--src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m42
-rw-r--r--src/core/main.c6
-rw-r--r--src/core/namespace.c586
-rw-r--r--src/core/namespace.h3
-rw-r--r--src/core/unit.c6
8 files changed, 811 insertions, 195 deletions
diff --git a/src/core/dbus-execute.c b/src/core/dbus-execute.c
index 7e33a2d201..eec4500c8c 100644
--- a/src/core/dbus-execute.c
+++ b/src/core/dbus-execute.c
@@ -707,6 +707,8 @@ const sd_bus_vtable bus_exec_vtable[] = {
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("MountFlags", "t", bus_property_get_ulong, offsetof(ExecContext, mount_flags), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PrivateTmp", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, private_tmp), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PrivateDevices", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, private_devices), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+ SD_BUS_PROPERTY("ProtectKernelTunables", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, protect_kernel_tunables), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
+ SD_BUS_PROPERTY("ProtectControlGroups", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, protect_control_groups), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PrivateNetwork", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, private_network), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("PrivateUsers", "b", bus_property_get_bool, offsetof(ExecContext, private_users), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
SD_BUS_PROPERTY("ProtectHome", "s", bus_property_get_protect_home, offsetof(ExecContext, protect_home), SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST),
@@ -1072,7 +1074,8 @@ int bus_exec_context_set_transient_property(
"IgnoreSIGPIPE", "TTYVHangup", "TTYReset",
"PrivateTmp", "PrivateDevices", "PrivateNetwork", "PrivateUsers",
"NoNewPrivileges", "SyslogLevelPrefix", "MemoryDenyWriteExecute",
- "RestrictRealtime", "DynamicUser", "RemoveIPC")) {
+ "RestrictRealtime", "DynamicUser", "RemoveIPC", "ProtectKernelTunables",
+ "ProtectControlGroups")) {
int b;
r = sd_bus_message_read(message, "b", &b);
@@ -1106,6 +1109,10 @@ int bus_exec_context_set_transient_property(
c->dynamic_user = b;
else if (streq(name, "RemoveIPC"))
c->remove_ipc = b;
+ else if (streq(name, "ProtectKernelTunables"))
+ c->protect_kernel_tunables = b;
+ else if (streq(name, "ProtectControlGroups"))
+ c->protect_control_groups = b;
unit_write_drop_in_private_format(u, mode, name, "%s=%s", name, yes_no(b));
}
diff --git a/src/core/execute.c b/src/core/execute.c
index 2026137721..3da7ef3be6 100644
--- a/src/core/execute.c
+++ b/src/core/execute.c
@@ -837,6 +837,8 @@ static int null_conv(
return PAM_CONV_ERR;
}
+#endif
+
static int setup_pam(
const char *name,
const char *user,
@@ -845,6 +847,8 @@ static int setup_pam(
char ***env,
int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
+#ifdef HAVE_PAM
+
static const struct pam_conv conv = {
.conv = null_conv,
.appdata_ptr = NULL
@@ -1038,8 +1042,10 @@ fail:
closelog();
return r;
-}
+#else
+ return 0;
#endif
+}
static void rename_process_from_path(const char *path) {
char process_name[11];
@@ -1273,6 +1279,10 @@ static int apply_memory_deny_write_execute(const Unit* u, const ExecContext *c)
if (!seccomp)
return -ENOMEM;
+ r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
r = seccomp_rule_add(
seccomp,
SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM),
@@ -1322,6 +1332,10 @@ static int apply_restrict_realtime(const Unit* u, const ExecContext *c) {
if (!seccomp)
return -ENOMEM;
+ r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
/* Determine the highest policy constant we want to allow */
for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(permitted_policies); i++)
if (permitted_policies[i] > max_policy)
@@ -1375,12 +1389,121 @@ finish:
return r;
}
+static int apply_protect_sysctl(Unit *u, const ExecContext *c) {
+ scmp_filter_ctx *seccomp;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(c);
+
+ /* Turn off the legacy sysctl() system call. Many distributions turn this off while building the kernel, but
+ * let's protect even those systems where this is left on in the kernel. */
+
+ if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u, "ProtectKernelTunables="))
+ return 0;
+
+ seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
+ if (!seccomp)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ r = seccomp_rule_add(
+ seccomp,
+ SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ SCMP_SYS(_sysctl),
+ 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
+
+finish:
+ seccomp_release(seccomp);
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int apply_private_devices(Unit *u, const ExecContext *c) {
+ const SystemCallFilterSet *set;
+ scmp_filter_ctx *seccomp;
+ const char *sys;
+ bool syscalls_found = false;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(c);
+
+ /* If PrivateDevices= is set, also turn off iopl and all @raw-io syscalls. */
+
+ if (skip_seccomp_unavailable(u, "PrivateDevices="))
+ return 0;
+
+ seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
+ if (!seccomp)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ for (set = syscall_filter_sets; set->set_name; set++)
+ if (streq(set->set_name, "@raw-io")) {
+ syscalls_found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* We should never fail here */
+ if (!syscalls_found) {
+ r = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ NULSTR_FOREACH(sys, set->value) {
+ int id;
+ bool add = true;
+
+#ifndef __NR_s390_pci_mmio_read
+ if (streq(sys, "s390_pci_mmio_read"))
+ add = false;
+#endif
+#ifndef __NR_s390_pci_mmio_write
+ if (streq(sys, "s390_pci_mmio_write"))
+ add = false;
+#endif
+
+ if (!add)
+ continue;
+
+ id = seccomp_syscall_resolve_name(sys);
+
+ r = seccomp_rule_add(
+ seccomp,
+ SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EPERM),
+ id, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
+ r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
+
+finish:
+ seccomp_release(seccomp);
+ return r;
+}
+
#endif
static void do_idle_pipe_dance(int idle_pipe[4]) {
assert(idle_pipe);
-
idle_pipe[1] = safe_close(idle_pipe[1]);
idle_pipe[2] = safe_close(idle_pipe[2]);
@@ -1581,7 +1704,9 @@ static bool exec_needs_mount_namespace(
if (context->private_devices ||
context->protect_system != PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO ||
- context->protect_home != PROTECT_HOME_NO)
+ context->protect_home != PROTECT_HOME_NO ||
+ context->protect_kernel_tunables ||
+ context->protect_control_groups)
return true;
return false;
@@ -1740,6 +1865,111 @@ static int setup_private_users(uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
return 0;
}
+static int setup_runtime_directory(
+ const ExecContext *context,
+ const ExecParameters *params,
+ uid_t uid,
+ gid_t gid) {
+
+ char **rt;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(context);
+ assert(params);
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(rt, context->runtime_directory) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p;
+
+ p = strjoin(params->runtime_prefix, "/", *rt, NULL);
+ if (!p)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = mkdir_p_label(p, context->runtime_directory_mode);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = chmod_and_chown(p, context->runtime_directory_mode, uid, gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int setup_smack(
+ const ExecContext *context,
+ const ExecCommand *command) {
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SMACK
+ int r;
+
+ assert(context);
+ assert(command);
+
+ if (!mac_smack_use())
+ return 0;
+
+ if (context->smack_process_label) {
+ r = mac_smack_apply_pid(0, context->smack_process_label);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+#ifdef SMACK_DEFAULT_PROCESS_LABEL
+ else {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *exec_label = NULL;
+
+ r = mac_smack_read(command->path, SMACK_ATTR_EXEC, &exec_label);
+ if (r < 0 && r != -ENODATA && r != -EOPNOTSUPP)
+ return r;
+
+ r = mac_smack_apply_pid(0, exec_label ? : SMACK_DEFAULT_PROCESS_LABEL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int compile_read_write_paths(
+ const ExecContext *context,
+ const ExecParameters *params,
+ char ***ret) {
+
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+ char **rt;
+
+ /* Compile the list of writable paths. This is the combination of the explicitly configured paths, plus all
+ * runtime directories. */
+
+ if (strv_isempty(context->read_write_paths) &&
+ strv_isempty(context->runtime_directory)) {
+ *ret = NULL; /* NOP if neither is set */
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ l = strv_copy(context->read_write_paths);
+ if (!l)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(rt, context->runtime_directory) {
+ char *s;
+
+ s = strjoin(params->runtime_prefix, "/", *rt, NULL);
+ if (!s)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ if (strv_consume(&l, s) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ }
+
+ *ret = l;
+ l = NULL;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
static void append_socket_pair(int *array, unsigned *n, int pair[2]) {
assert(array);
assert(n);
@@ -1796,6 +2026,37 @@ static int close_remaining_fds(
return close_all_fds(dont_close, n_dont_close);
}
+static bool context_has_address_families(const ExecContext *c) {
+ assert(c);
+
+ return c->address_families_whitelist ||
+ !set_isempty(c->address_families);
+}
+
+static bool context_has_syscall_filters(const ExecContext *c) {
+ assert(c);
+
+ return c->syscall_whitelist ||
+ !set_isempty(c->syscall_filter) ||
+ !set_isempty(c->syscall_archs);
+}
+
+static bool context_has_no_new_privileges(const ExecContext *c) {
+ assert(c);
+
+ if (c->no_new_privileges)
+ return true;
+
+ if (have_effective_cap(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) /* if we are privileged, we don't need NNP */
+ return false;
+
+ return context_has_address_families(c) || /* we need NNP if we have any form of seccomp and are unprivileged */
+ c->memory_deny_write_execute ||
+ c->restrict_realtime ||
+ c->protect_kernel_tunables ||
+ context_has_syscall_filters(c);
+}
+
static int send_user_lookup(
Unit *unit,
int user_lookup_fd,
@@ -1940,22 +2201,14 @@ static int exec_child(
} else {
if (context->user) {
username = context->user;
- r = get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home, &shell);
+ r = get_user_creds_clean(&username, &uid, &gid, &home, &shell);
if (r < 0) {
*exit_status = EXIT_USER;
return r;
}
- /* Don't set $HOME or $SHELL if they are are not particularly enlightening anyway. */
- if (isempty(home) || path_equal(home, "/"))
- home = NULL;
-
- if (isempty(shell) || PATH_IN_SET(shell,
- "/bin/nologin",
- "/sbin/nologin",
- "/usr/bin/nologin",
- "/usr/sbin/nologin"))
- shell = NULL;
+ /* Note that we don't set $HOME or $SHELL if they are are not particularly enlightening anyway
+ * (i.e. are "/" or "/bin/nologin"). */
}
if (context->group) {
@@ -2108,28 +2361,10 @@ static int exec_child(
}
if (!strv_isempty(context->runtime_directory) && params->runtime_prefix) {
- char **rt;
-
- STRV_FOREACH(rt, context->runtime_directory) {
- _cleanup_free_ char *p;
-
- p = strjoin(params->runtime_prefix, "/", *rt, NULL);
- if (!p) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_RUNTIME_DIRECTORY;
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
-
- r = mkdir_p_label(p, context->runtime_directory_mode);
- if (r < 0) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_RUNTIME_DIRECTORY;
- return r;
- }
-
- r = chmod_and_chown(p, context->runtime_directory_mode, uid, gid);
- if (r < 0) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_RUNTIME_DIRECTORY;
- return r;
- }
+ r = setup_runtime_directory(context, params, uid, gid);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *exit_status = EXIT_RUNTIME_DIRECTORY;
+ return r;
}
}
@@ -2168,41 +2403,15 @@ static int exec_child(
}
accum_env = strv_env_clean(accum_env);
- umask(context->umask);
+ (void) umask(context->umask);
if ((params->flags & EXEC_APPLY_PERMISSIONS) && !command->privileged) {
- r = enforce_groups(context, username, gid);
+ r = setup_smack(context, command);
if (r < 0) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_GROUP;
+ *exit_status = EXIT_SMACK_PROCESS_LABEL;
return r;
}
-#ifdef HAVE_SMACK
- if (context->smack_process_label) {
- r = mac_smack_apply_pid(0, context->smack_process_label);
- if (r < 0) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_SMACK_PROCESS_LABEL;
- return r;
- }
- }
-#ifdef SMACK_DEFAULT_PROCESS_LABEL
- else {
- _cleanup_free_ char *exec_label = NULL;
- r = mac_smack_read(command->path, SMACK_ATTR_EXEC, &exec_label);
- if (r < 0 && r != -ENODATA && r != -EOPNOTSUPP) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_SMACK_PROCESS_LABEL;
- return r;
- }
-
- r = mac_smack_apply_pid(0, exec_label ? : SMACK_DEFAULT_PROCESS_LABEL);
- if (r < 0) {
- *exit_status = EXIT_SMACK_PROCESS_LABEL;
- return r;
- }
- }
-#endif
-#endif
-#ifdef HAVE_PAM
if (context->pam_name && username) {
r = setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, uid, context->tty_path, &accum_env, fds, n_fds);
if (r < 0) {
@@ -2210,7 +2419,6 @@ static int exec_child(
return r;
}
}
-#endif
}
if (context->private_network && runtime && runtime->netns_storage_socket[0] >= 0) {
@@ -2222,8 +2430,8 @@ static int exec_child(
}
needs_mount_namespace = exec_needs_mount_namespace(context, params, runtime);
-
if (needs_mount_namespace) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char **rw = NULL;
char *tmp = NULL, *var = NULL;
/* The runtime struct only contains the parent
@@ -2239,14 +2447,22 @@ static int exec_child(
var = strjoina(runtime->var_tmp_dir, "/tmp");
}
+ r = compile_read_write_paths(context, params, &rw);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *exit_status = EXIT_NAMESPACE;
+ return r;
+ }
+
r = setup_namespace(
(params->flags & EXEC_APPLY_CHROOT) ? context->root_directory : NULL,
- context->read_write_paths,
+ rw,
context->read_only_paths,
context->inaccessible_paths,
tmp,
var,
context->private_devices,
+ context->protect_kernel_tunables,
+ context->protect_control_groups,
context->protect_home,
context->protect_system,
context->mount_flags);
@@ -2264,6 +2480,14 @@ static int exec_child(
}
}
+ if ((params->flags & EXEC_APPLY_PERMISSIONS) && !command->privileged) {
+ r = enforce_groups(context, username, gid);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *exit_status = EXIT_GROUP;
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
if (context->working_directory_home)
wd = home;
else if (context->working_directory)
@@ -2335,11 +2559,6 @@ static int exec_child(
if ((params->flags & EXEC_APPLY_PERMISSIONS) && !command->privileged) {
- bool use_address_families = context->address_families_whitelist ||
- !set_isempty(context->address_families);
- bool use_syscall_filter = context->syscall_whitelist ||
- !set_isempty(context->syscall_filter) ||
- !set_isempty(context->syscall_archs);
int secure_bits = context->secure_bits;
for (i = 0; i < _RLIMIT_MAX; i++) {
@@ -2416,15 +2635,14 @@ static int exec_child(
return -errno;
}
- if (context->no_new_privileges ||
- (!have_effective_cap(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && (use_address_families || context->memory_deny_write_execute || context->restrict_realtime || use_syscall_filter)))
+ if (context_has_no_new_privileges(context))
if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {
*exit_status = EXIT_NO_NEW_PRIVILEGES;
return -errno;
}
#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
- if (use_address_families) {
+ if (context_has_address_families(context)) {
r = apply_address_families(unit, context);
if (r < 0) {
*exit_status = EXIT_ADDRESS_FAMILIES;
@@ -2448,7 +2666,23 @@ static int exec_child(
}
}
- if (use_syscall_filter) {
+ if (context->protect_kernel_tunables) {
+ r = apply_protect_sysctl(unit, context);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *exit_status = EXIT_SECCOMP;
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (context->private_devices) {
+ r = apply_private_devices(unit, context);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ *exit_status = EXIT_SECCOMP;
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (context_has_syscall_filters(context)) {
r = apply_seccomp(unit, context);
if (r < 0) {
*exit_status = EXIT_SECCOMP;
@@ -2880,6 +3114,8 @@ void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
"%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
"%sPrivateTmp: %s\n"
"%sPrivateDevices: %s\n"
+ "%sProtectKernelTunables: %s\n"
+ "%sProtectControlGroups: %s\n"
"%sPrivateNetwork: %s\n"
"%sPrivateUsers: %s\n"
"%sProtectHome: %s\n"
@@ -2893,6 +3129,8 @@ void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp),
prefix, yes_no(c->private_devices),
+ prefix, yes_no(c->protect_kernel_tunables),
+ prefix, yes_no(c->protect_control_groups),
prefix, yes_no(c->private_network),
prefix, yes_no(c->private_users),
prefix, protect_home_to_string(c->protect_home),
diff --git a/src/core/execute.h b/src/core/execute.h
index 6082c42aba..449180c903 100644
--- a/src/core/execute.h
+++ b/src/core/execute.h
@@ -174,6 +174,8 @@ struct ExecContext {
bool private_users;
ProtectSystem protect_system;
ProtectHome protect_home;
+ bool protect_kernel_tunables;
+ bool protect_control_groups;
bool no_new_privileges;
diff --git a/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4 b/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
index 2e6c965aec..c49c1d6732 100644
--- a/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
+++ b/src/core/load-fragment-gperf.gperf.m4
@@ -89,6 +89,8 @@ $1.ReadOnlyPaths, config_parse_namespace_path_strv, 0,
$1.InaccessiblePaths, config_parse_namespace_path_strv, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.inaccessible_paths)
$1.PrivateTmp, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.private_tmp)
$1.PrivateDevices, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.private_devices)
+$1.ProtectKernelTunables, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.protect_kernel_tunables)
+$1.ProtectControlGroups, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.protect_control_groups)
$1.PrivateNetwork, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.private_network)
$1.PrivateUsers, config_parse_bool, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context.private_users)
$1.ProtectSystem, config_parse_protect_system, 0, offsetof($1, exec_context)
diff --git a/src/core/main.c b/src/core/main.c
index 803307c9d5..be0cb0b6d1 100644
--- a/src/core/main.c
+++ b/src/core/main.c
@@ -996,10 +996,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
case ARG_MACHINE_ID:
r = set_machine_id(optarg);
- if (r < 0) {
- log_error("MachineID '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
- return r;
- }
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_error_errno(r, "MachineID '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
break;
case 'h':
diff --git a/src/core/namespace.c b/src/core/namespace.c
index 52a2505d94..43a2f4ba6e 100644
--- a/src/core/namespace.c
+++ b/src/core/namespace.c
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "dev-setup.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "fs-util.h"
#include "loopback-setup.h"
#include "missing.h"
#include "mkdir.h"
@@ -53,61 +54,230 @@ typedef enum MountMode {
PRIVATE_TMP,
PRIVATE_VAR_TMP,
PRIVATE_DEV,
- READWRITE
+ READWRITE,
} MountMode;
typedef struct BindMount {
- const char *path;
+ const char *path; /* stack memory, doesn't need to be freed explicitly */
+ char *chased; /* malloc()ed memory, needs to be freed */
MountMode mode;
- bool done;
- bool ignore;
+ bool ignore; /* Ignore if path does not exist */
} BindMount;
+typedef struct TargetMount {
+ const char *path;
+ MountMode mode;
+ bool ignore; /* Ignore if path does not exist */
+} TargetMount;
+
+/*
+ * The following Protect tables are to protect paths and mark some of them
+ * READONLY, in case a path is covered by an option from another table, then
+ * it is marked READWRITE in the current one, and the more restrictive mode is
+ * applied from that other table. This way all options can be combined in a
+ * safe and comprehensible way for users.
+ */
+
+/* ProtectKernelTunables= option and the related filesystem APIs */
+static const TargetMount protect_kernel_tunables_table[] = {
+ { "/proc/sys", READONLY, false },
+ { "/proc/sysrq-trigger", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/latency_stats", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/mtrr", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/apm", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/acpi", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/timer_stats", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/asound", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/bus", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/fs", READONLY, true },
+ { "/proc/irq", READONLY, true },
+ { "/sys", READONLY, false },
+ { "/sys/kernel/debug", READONLY, true },
+ { "/sys/kernel/tracing", READONLY, true },
+ { "/sys/fs/cgroup", READWRITE, false }, /* READONLY is set by ProtectControlGroups= option */
+};
+
+/*
+ * ProtectHome=read-only table, protect $HOME and $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR and rest of
+ * system should be protected by ProtectSystem=
+ */
+static const TargetMount protect_home_read_only_table[] = {
+ { "/home", READONLY, true },
+ { "/run/user", READONLY, true },
+ { "/root", READONLY, true },
+};
+
+/* ProtectHome=yes table */
+static const TargetMount protect_home_yes_table[] = {
+ { "/home", INACCESSIBLE, true },
+ { "/run/user", INACCESSIBLE, true },
+ { "/root", INACCESSIBLE, true },
+};
+
+/* ProtectSystem=yes table */
+static const TargetMount protect_system_yes_table[] = {
+ { "/usr", READONLY, false },
+ { "/boot", READONLY, true },
+ { "/efi", READONLY, true },
+};
+
+/* ProtectSystem=full includes ProtectSystem=yes */
+static const TargetMount protect_system_full_table[] = {
+ { "/usr", READONLY, false },
+ { "/boot", READONLY, true },
+ { "/efi", READONLY, true },
+ { "/etc", READONLY, false },
+};
+
+/*
+ * ProtectSystem=strict table. In this strict mode, we mount everything
+ * read-only, except for /proc, /dev, /sys which are the kernel API VFS,
+ * which are left writable, but PrivateDevices= + ProtectKernelTunables=
+ * protect those, and these options should be fully orthogonal.
+ * (And of course /home and friends are also left writable, as ProtectHome=
+ * shall manage those, orthogonally).
+ */
+static const TargetMount protect_system_strict_table[] = {
+ { "/", READONLY, false },
+ { "/proc", READWRITE, false }, /* ProtectKernelTunables= */
+ { "/sys", READWRITE, false }, /* ProtectKernelTunables= */
+ { "/dev", READWRITE, false }, /* PrivateDevices= */
+ { "/home", READWRITE, true }, /* ProtectHome= */
+ { "/run/user", READWRITE, true }, /* ProtectHome= */
+ { "/root", READWRITE, true }, /* ProtectHome= */
+};
+
+static void set_bind_mount(BindMount **p, const char *path, MountMode mode, bool ignore) {
+ (*p)->path = path;
+ (*p)->mode = mode;
+ (*p)->ignore = ignore;
+}
+
static int append_mounts(BindMount **p, char **strv, MountMode mode) {
char **i;
assert(p);
STRV_FOREACH(i, strv) {
+ bool ignore = false;
- (*p)->ignore = false;
- (*p)->done = false;
-
- if ((mode == INACCESSIBLE || mode == READONLY || mode == READWRITE) && (*i)[0] == '-') {
- (*p)->ignore = true;
+ if (IN_SET(mode, INACCESSIBLE, READONLY, READWRITE) && startswith(*i, "-")) {
(*i)++;
+ ignore = true;
}
if (!path_is_absolute(*i))
return -EINVAL;
- (*p)->path = *i;
- (*p)->mode = mode;
+ set_bind_mount(p, *i, mode, ignore);
(*p)++;
}
return 0;
}
-static int mount_path_compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
- const BindMount *p = a, *q = b;
- int d;
+static int append_target_mounts(BindMount **p, const char *root_directory, const TargetMount *mounts, const size_t size) {
+ unsigned i;
- d = path_compare(p->path, q->path);
+ assert(p);
+ assert(mounts);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+ /*
+ * Here we assume that the ignore field is set during
+ * declaration we do not support "-" at the beginning.
+ */
+ const TargetMount *m = &mounts[i];
+ const char *path = prefix_roota(root_directory, m->path);
+
+ if (!path_is_absolute(path))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ set_bind_mount(p, path, m->mode, m->ignore);
+ (*p)++;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int append_protect_kernel_tunables(BindMount **p, const char *root_directory) {
+ assert(p);
+
+ return append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_kernel_tunables_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_kernel_tunables_table));
+}
- if (d == 0) {
- /* If the paths are equal, check the mode */
- if (p->mode < q->mode)
- return -1;
+static int append_protect_home(BindMount **p, const char *root_directory, ProtectHome protect_home) {
+ int r = 0;
- if (p->mode > q->mode)
- return 1;
+ assert(p);
+ if (protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_NO)
return 0;
+
+ switch (protect_home) {
+ case PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY:
+ r = append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_home_read_only_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_read_only_table));
+ break;
+ case PROTECT_HOME_YES:
+ r = append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_home_yes_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_yes_table));
+ break;
+ default:
+ r = -EINVAL;
+ break;
}
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int append_protect_system(BindMount **p, const char *root_directory, ProtectSystem protect_system) {
+ int r = 0;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ if (protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO)
+ return 0;
+
+ switch (protect_system) {
+ case PROTECT_SYSTEM_STRICT:
+ r = append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_system_strict_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_strict_table));
+ break;
+ case PROTECT_SYSTEM_YES:
+ r = append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_system_yes_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_yes_table));
+ break;
+ case PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL:
+ r = append_target_mounts(p, root_directory, protect_system_full_table,
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_full_table));
+ break;
+ default:
+ r = -EINVAL;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int mount_path_compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ const BindMount *p = a, *q = b;
+ int d;
+
/* If the paths are not equal, then order prefixes first */
- return d;
+ d = path_compare(p->path, q->path);
+ if (d != 0)
+ return d;
+
+ /* If the paths are equal, check the mode */
+ if (p->mode < q->mode)
+ return -1;
+
+ if (p->mode > q->mode)
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
}
static void drop_duplicates(BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
@@ -116,16 +286,110 @@ static void drop_duplicates(BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
assert(m);
assert(n);
+ /* Drops duplicate entries. Expects that the array is properly ordered already. */
+
for (f = m, t = m, previous = NULL; f < m+*n; f++) {
- /* The first one wins */
- if (previous && path_equal(f->path, previous->path))
+ /* The first one wins (which is the one with the more restrictive mode), see mount_path_compare()
+ * above. */
+ if (previous && path_equal(f->path, previous->path)) {
+ log_debug("%s is duplicate.", f->path);
continue;
+ }
*t = *f;
-
previous = t;
+ t++;
+ }
+
+ *n = t - m;
+}
+
+static void drop_inaccessible(BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
+ BindMount *f, *t;
+ const char *clear = NULL;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(n);
+
+ /* Drops all entries obstructed by another entry further up the tree. Expects that the array is properly
+ * ordered already. */
+ for (f = m, t = m; f < m+*n; f++) {
+
+ /* If we found a path set for INACCESSIBLE earlier, and this entry has it as prefix we should drop
+ * it, as inaccessible paths really should drop the entire subtree. */
+ if (clear && path_startswith(f->path, clear)) {
+ log_debug("%s is masked by %s.", f->path, clear);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ clear = f->mode == INACCESSIBLE ? f->path : NULL;
+
+ *t = *f;
+ t++;
+ }
+
+ *n = t - m;
+}
+
+static void drop_nop(BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
+ BindMount *f, *t;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(n);
+
+ /* Drops all entries which have an immediate parent that has the same type, as they are redundant. Assumes the
+ * list is ordered by prefixes. */
+
+ for (f = m, t = m; f < m+*n; f++) {
+
+ /* Only suppress such subtrees for READONLY and READWRITE entries */
+ if (IN_SET(f->mode, READONLY, READWRITE)) {
+ BindMount *p;
+ bool found = false;
+
+ /* Now let's find the first parent of the entry we are looking at. */
+ for (p = t-1; p >= m; p--) {
+ if (path_startswith(f->path, p->path)) {
+ found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* We found it, let's see if it's the same mode, if so, we can drop this entry */
+ if (found && p->mode == f->mode) {
+ log_debug("%s is redundant by %s", f->path, p->path);
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+
+ *t = *f;
+ t++;
+ }
+
+ *n = t - m;
+}
+
+static void drop_outside_root(const char *root_directory, BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
+ BindMount *f, *t;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(n);
+
+ if (!root_directory)
+ return;
+
+ /* Drops all mounts that are outside of the root directory. */
+
+ for (f = m, t = m; f < m+*n; f++) {
+
+ if (!path_startswith(f->path, root_directory)) {
+ log_debug("%s is outside of root directory.", f->path);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ *t = *f;
t++;
}
@@ -278,24 +542,23 @@ static int apply_mount(
const char *what;
int r;
- struct stat target;
assert(m);
+ log_debug("Applying namespace mount on %s", m->path);
+
switch (m->mode) {
- case INACCESSIBLE:
+ case INACCESSIBLE: {
+ struct stat target;
/* First, get rid of everything that is below if there
* is anything... Then, overmount it with an
* inaccessible path. */
- umount_recursive(m->path, 0);
+ (void) umount_recursive(m->path, 0);
- if (lstat(m->path, &target) < 0) {
- if (m->ignore && errno == ENOENT)
- return 0;
- return -errno;
- }
+ if (lstat(m->path, &target) < 0)
+ return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to lstat() %s to determine what to mount over it: %m", m->path);
what = mode_to_inaccessible_node(target.st_mode);
if (!what) {
@@ -303,11 +566,20 @@ static int apply_mount(
return -ELOOP;
}
break;
+ }
+
case READONLY:
case READWRITE:
- /* Nothing to mount here, we just later toggle the
- * MS_RDONLY bit for the mount point */
- return 0;
+
+ r = path_is_mount_point(m->path, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to determine whether %s is already a mount point: %m", m->path);
+ if (r > 0) /* Nothing to do here, it is already a mount. We just later toggle the MS_RDONLY bit for the mount point if needed. */
+ return 0;
+
+ /* This isn't a mount point yet, let's make it one. */
+ what = m->path;
+ break;
case PRIVATE_TMP:
what = tmp_dir;
@@ -326,38 +598,104 @@ static int apply_mount(
assert(what);
- r = mount(what, m->path, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL);
- if (r >= 0) {
- log_debug("Successfully mounted %s to %s", what, m->path);
- return r;
- } else {
- if (m->ignore && errno == ENOENT)
- return 0;
+ if (mount(what, m->path, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
return log_debug_errno(errno, "Failed to mount %s to %s: %m", what, m->path);
- }
+
+ log_debug("Successfully mounted %s to %s", what, m->path);
+ return 0;
}
-static int make_read_only(BindMount *m) {
- int r;
+static int make_read_only(BindMount *m, char **blacklist) {
+ int r = 0;
assert(m);
if (IN_SET(m->mode, INACCESSIBLE, READONLY))
- r = bind_remount_recursive(m->path, true);
- else if (IN_SET(m->mode, READWRITE, PRIVATE_TMP, PRIVATE_VAR_TMP, PRIVATE_DEV)) {
- r = bind_remount_recursive(m->path, false);
- if (r == 0 && m->mode == PRIVATE_DEV) /* can be readonly but the submounts can't*/
- if (mount(NULL, m->path, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|DEV_MOUNT_OPTIONS|MS_RDONLY, NULL) < 0)
- r = -errno;
+ r = bind_remount_recursive(m->path, true, blacklist);
+ else if (m->mode == PRIVATE_DEV) { /* Can be readonly but the submounts can't*/
+ if (mount(NULL, m->path, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|DEV_MOUNT_OPTIONS|MS_RDONLY, NULL) < 0)
+ r = -errno;
} else
- r = 0;
-
- if (m->ignore && r == -ENOENT)
return 0;
+ /* Not that we only turn on the MS_RDONLY flag here, we never turn it off. Something that was marked read-only
+ * already stays this way. This improves compatibility with container managers, where we won't attempt to undo
+ * read-only mounts already applied. */
+
return r;
}
+static int chase_all_symlinks(const char *root_directory, BindMount *m, unsigned *n) {
+ BindMount *f, *t;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(n);
+
+ /* Since mount() will always follow symlinks and we need to take the different root directory into account we
+ * chase the symlinks on our own first. This call wil do so for all entries and remove all entries where we
+ * can't resolve the path, and which have been marked for such removal. */
+
+ for (f = m, t = m; f < m+*n; f++) {
+
+ r = chase_symlinks(f->path, root_directory, &f->chased);
+ if (r == -ENOENT && f->ignore) /* Doesn't exist? Then remove it! */
+ continue;
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_debug_errno(r, "Failed to chase symlinks for %s: %m", f->path);
+
+ if (path_equal(f->path, f->chased))
+ f->chased = mfree(f->chased);
+ else {
+ log_debug("Chased %s → %s", f->path, f->chased);
+ f->path = f->chased;
+ }
+
+ *t = *f;
+ t++;
+ }
+
+ *n = t - m;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned namespace_calculate_mounts(
+ char** read_write_paths,
+ char** read_only_paths,
+ char** inaccessible_paths,
+ const char* tmp_dir,
+ const char* var_tmp_dir,
+ bool private_dev,
+ bool protect_sysctl,
+ bool protect_cgroups,
+ ProtectHome protect_home,
+ ProtectSystem protect_system) {
+
+ unsigned protect_home_cnt;
+ unsigned protect_system_cnt =
+ (protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_STRICT ?
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_strict_table) :
+ ((protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL) ?
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_full_table) :
+ ((protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_YES) ?
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_system_yes_table) : 0)));
+
+ protect_home_cnt =
+ (protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_YES ?
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_yes_table) :
+ ((protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY) ?
+ ELEMENTSOF(protect_home_read_only_table) : 0));
+
+ return !!tmp_dir + !!var_tmp_dir +
+ strv_length(read_write_paths) +
+ strv_length(read_only_paths) +
+ strv_length(inaccessible_paths) +
+ private_dev +
+ (protect_sysctl ? ELEMENTSOF(protect_kernel_tunables_table) : 0) +
+ (protect_cgroups ? 1 : 0) +
+ protect_home_cnt + protect_system_cnt;
+}
+
int setup_namespace(
const char* root_directory,
char** read_write_paths,
@@ -366,28 +704,31 @@ int setup_namespace(
const char* tmp_dir,
const char* var_tmp_dir,
bool private_dev,
+ bool protect_sysctl,
+ bool protect_cgroups,
ProtectHome protect_home,
ProtectSystem protect_system,
unsigned long mount_flags) {
BindMount *m, *mounts = NULL;
+ bool make_slave = false;
unsigned n;
int r = 0;
if (mount_flags == 0)
mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
- if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
- return -errno;
+ n = namespace_calculate_mounts(read_write_paths,
+ read_only_paths,
+ inaccessible_paths,
+ tmp_dir, var_tmp_dir,
+ private_dev, protect_sysctl,
+ protect_cgroups, protect_home,
+ protect_system);
- n = !!tmp_dir + !!var_tmp_dir +
- strv_length(read_write_paths) +
- strv_length(read_only_paths) +
- strv_length(inaccessible_paths) +
- private_dev +
- (protect_home != PROTECT_HOME_NO ? 3 : 0) +
- (protect_system != PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO ? 2 : 0) +
- (protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL ? 1 : 0);
+ /* Set mount slave mode */
+ if (root_directory || n > 0)
+ make_slave = true;
if (n > 0) {
m = mounts = (BindMount *) alloca0(n * sizeof(BindMount));
@@ -421,94 +762,112 @@ int setup_namespace(
m++;
}
- if (protect_home != PROTECT_HOME_NO) {
- const char *home_dir, *run_user_dir, *root_dir;
+ if (protect_sysctl)
+ append_protect_kernel_tunables(&m, root_directory);
- home_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/home");
- home_dir = strjoina("-", home_dir);
- run_user_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/run/user");
- run_user_dir = strjoina("-", run_user_dir);
- root_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/root");
- root_dir = strjoina("-", root_dir);
-
- r = append_mounts(&m, STRV_MAKE(home_dir, run_user_dir, root_dir),
- protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY ? READONLY : INACCESSIBLE);
- if (r < 0)
- return r;
+ if (protect_cgroups) {
+ m->path = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/sys/fs/cgroup");
+ m->mode = READONLY;
+ m++;
}
- if (protect_system != PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO) {
- const char *usr_dir, *boot_dir, *etc_dir;
-
- usr_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/usr");
- boot_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/boot");
- boot_dir = strjoina("-", boot_dir);
- etc_dir = prefix_roota(root_directory, "/etc");
+ r = append_protect_home(&m, root_directory, protect_home);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
- r = append_mounts(&m, protect_system == PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL
- ? STRV_MAKE(usr_dir, boot_dir, etc_dir)
- : STRV_MAKE(usr_dir, boot_dir), READONLY);
- if (r < 0)
- return r;
- }
+ r = append_protect_system(&m, root_directory, protect_system);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
assert(mounts + n == m);
+ /* Resolve symlinks manually first, as mount() will always follow them relative to the host's
+ * root. Moreover we want to suppress duplicates based on the resolved paths. This of course is a bit
+ * racy. */
+ r = chase_all_symlinks(root_directory, mounts, &n);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+
qsort(mounts, n, sizeof(BindMount), mount_path_compare);
+
drop_duplicates(mounts, &n);
+ drop_outside_root(root_directory, mounts, &n);
+ drop_inaccessible(mounts, &n);
+ drop_nop(mounts, &n);
+ }
+
+ if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ goto finish;
}
- if (n > 0 || root_directory) {
+ if (make_slave) {
/* Remount / as SLAVE so that nothing now mounted in the namespace
shows up in the parent */
- if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
- return -errno;
+ if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ goto finish;
+ }
}
if (root_directory) {
- /* Turn directory into bind mount */
- if (mount(root_directory, root_directory, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
- return -errno;
+ /* Turn directory into bind mount, if it isn't one yet */
+ r = path_is_mount_point(root_directory, AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW);
+ if (r < 0)
+ goto finish;
+ if (r == 0) {
+ if (mount(root_directory, root_directory, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ goto finish;
+ }
+ }
}
if (n > 0) {
+ char **blacklist;
+ unsigned j;
+
+ /* First round, add in all special mounts we need */
for (m = mounts; m < mounts + n; ++m) {
r = apply_mount(m, tmp_dir, var_tmp_dir);
if (r < 0)
- goto fail;
+ goto finish;
}
+ /* Create a blacklist we can pass to bind_mount_recursive() */
+ blacklist = newa(char*, n+1);
+ for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
+ blacklist[j] = (char*) mounts[j].path;
+ blacklist[j] = NULL;
+
+ /* Second round, flip the ro bits if necessary. */
for (m = mounts; m < mounts + n; ++m) {
- r = make_read_only(m);
+ r = make_read_only(m, blacklist);
if (r < 0)
- goto fail;
+ goto finish;
}
}
if (root_directory) {
/* MS_MOVE does not work on MS_SHARED so the remount MS_SHARED will be done later */
r = mount_move_root(root_directory);
-
- /* at this point, we cannot rollback */
if (r < 0)
- return r;
+ goto finish;
}
/* Remount / as the desired mode. Not that this will not
* reestablish propagation from our side to the host, since
* what's disconnected is disconnected. */
- if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, mount_flags | MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
- /* at this point, we cannot rollback */
- return -errno;
+ if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, mount_flags | MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
+ r = -errno;
+ goto finish;
+ }
- return 0;
+ r = 0;
-fail:
- if (n > 0) {
- for (m = mounts; m < mounts + n; ++m)
- if (m->done)
- (void) umount2(m->path, MNT_DETACH);
- }
+finish:
+ for (m = mounts; m < mounts + n; m++)
+ free(m->chased);
return r;
}
@@ -658,6 +1017,7 @@ static const char *const protect_system_table[_PROTECT_SYSTEM_MAX] = {
[PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO] = "no",
[PROTECT_SYSTEM_YES] = "yes",
[PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL] = "full",
+ [PROTECT_SYSTEM_STRICT] = "strict",
};
DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(protect_system, ProtectSystem);
diff --git a/src/core/namespace.h b/src/core/namespace.h
index 1aedf5f208..6505bcc499 100644
--- a/src/core/namespace.h
+++ b/src/core/namespace.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ typedef enum ProtectSystem {
PROTECT_SYSTEM_NO,
PROTECT_SYSTEM_YES,
PROTECT_SYSTEM_FULL,
+ PROTECT_SYSTEM_STRICT,
_PROTECT_SYSTEM_MAX,
_PROTECT_SYSTEM_INVALID = -1
} ProtectSystem;
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@ int setup_namespace(const char *chroot,
const char *tmp_dir,
const char *var_tmp_dir,
bool private_dev,
+ bool protect_sysctl,
+ bool protect_cgroups,
ProtectHome protect_home,
ProtectSystem protect_system,
unsigned long mount_flags);
diff --git a/src/core/unit.c b/src/core/unit.c
index de22f657c6..5d284a359d 100644
--- a/src/core/unit.c
+++ b/src/core/unit.c
@@ -3377,8 +3377,14 @@ int unit_patch_contexts(Unit *u) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
+ /* If the dynamic user option is on, let's make sure that the unit can't leave its UID/GID
+ * around in the file system or on IPC objects. Hence enforce a strict sandbox. */
+
ec->private_tmp = true;
ec->remove_ipc = true;
+ ec->protect_system = PROTECT_SYSTEM_STRICT;
+ if (ec->protect_home == PROTECT_HOME_NO)
+ ec->protect_home = PROTECT_HOME_READ_ONLY;
}
}