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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="kernel-command-line">
+
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>kernel-command-line</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>kernel-command-line</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>kernel-command-line</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Kernel command line parameters</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/proc/cmdline</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The kernel, the initial RAM disk (initrd) and
+ basic userspace functionality may be configured at boot via
+ kernel command line arguments.</para>
+
+ <para>For command line parameters understood by the kernel, please
+ see <ulink
+ url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt"><filename>kernel-parameters.txt</filename></ulink>
+ and
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+
+ <para>For command line parameters understood by the initial RAM
+ disk, please see
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ or the documentation of the specific initrd implementation of your
+ installation.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Core OS Command Line Arguments</title>
+
+ <variablelist class='kernel-commandline-options'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.systemd.unit=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.dump_core=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_chvt=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_shell=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.crash_reboot=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.confirm_spawn=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.show_status=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_target=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_level=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_color=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.log_location=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_output=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_standard_error=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.setenv=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.machine_id=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
+ manager to control system behavior. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.mask=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.wants=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.debug-shell</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Additional parameters understood by
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ to mask or start specific units at boot, or invoke a debug
+ shell on tty9.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.restore_state=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This parameter is understood by several system tools
+ to control whether or not they should restore system state
+ from the previous boot. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ and
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quiet</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
+ and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>debug</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by both the kernel and the system
+ and service manager to control console log verbosity. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>-b</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.emergency</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>emergency</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.rescue</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rescue</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>single</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>s</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>S</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>1</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>2</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>3</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>4</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>5</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
+ manager, as compatibility and convenience options. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANG=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LANGUAGE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_CTYPE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NUMERIC=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TIME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_COLLATE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MONETARY=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MESSAGES=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_PAPER=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_NAME=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_ADDRESS=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_TELEPHONE=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_MEASUREMENT=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>locale.LC_IDENTIFICATION=</varname></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the system and service
+ manager to control locale and language settings. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fsck.mode=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>fsck.repair=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the file system checker
+ services. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>quotacheck.mode=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameter understood by the file quota checker
+ service. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_console=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the journal service. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.keymap_toggle=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font_map=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>vconsole.font_unimap=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the virtual console setup logic. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vconsole.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.log-priority=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.children-max=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.exec-delay=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>udev.event-timeout=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.udev.event-timeout=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>net.ifnames=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Parameters understood by the device event managing
+ daemon. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>plymouth.enable=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>May be used to disable the Plymouth boot splash. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>luks=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.crypttab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.name=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.name=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.uuid=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.options=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.options=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>luks.key=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.luks.key=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures the LUKS full-disk encryption logic at
+ boot. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>fstab=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.fstab=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> logic
+ at boot. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>root=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rootfstype=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rootflags=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>ro</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rw</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures the root file system and its file system
+ type and mount options, as well as whether it shall be
+ mounted read-only or read-writable initially. For details,
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.systemd.gpt_auto=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Configures whether GPT based partition auto-discovery
+ shall be attempted. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>systemd.default_timeout_start_sec=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Overwrites the default start job timeout <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> at boot. For details,
+ see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>modules-load=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>rd.modules-load=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Load a specific kernel module early at boot. For
+ details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>resume=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enables resume from hibernation using the specified
+ device. All
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>-like
+ paths are supported. For details, see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>bootparam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>dracut.cmdline</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-debug-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fsck@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-quotacheck.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-vconsole-setup.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-udevd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>plymouth</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-cryptsetup-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-gpt-auto-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-modules-load.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-backlight@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-rfkill.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-hibernate-resume-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>