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+/***
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2014 David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+***/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "barrier.h"
+#include "fd-util.h"
+#include "macro.h"
+
+/**
+ * Barriers
+ * This barrier implementation provides a simple synchronization method based
+ * on file-descriptors that can safely be used between threads and processes. A
+ * barrier object contains 2 shared counters based on eventfd. Both processes
+ * can now place barriers and wait for the other end to reach a random or
+ * specific barrier.
+ * Barriers are numbered, so you can either wait for the other end to reach any
+ * barrier or the last barrier that you placed. This way, you can use barriers
+ * for one-way *and* full synchronization. Note that even-though barriers are
+ * numbered, these numbers are internal and recycled once both sides reached the
+ * same barrier (implemented as a simple signed counter). It is thus not
+ * possible to address barriers by their ID.
+ *
+ * Barrier-API: Both ends can place as many barriers via barrier_place() as
+ * they want and each pair of barriers on both sides will be implicitly linked.
+ * Each side can use the barrier_wait/sync_*() family of calls to wait for the
+ * other side to place a specific barrier. barrier_wait_next() waits until the
+ * other side calls barrier_place(). No links between the barriers are
+ * considered and this simply serves as most basic asynchronous barrier.
+ * barrier_sync_next() is like barrier_wait_next() and waits for the other side
+ * to place their next barrier via barrier_place(). However, it only waits for
+ * barriers that are linked to a barrier we already placed. If the other side
+ * already placed more barriers than we did, barrier_sync_next() returns
+ * immediately.
+ * barrier_sync() extends barrier_sync_next() and waits until the other end
+ * placed as many barriers via barrier_place() as we did. If they already placed
+ * as many as we did (or more), it returns immediately.
+ *
+ * Additionally to basic barriers, an abortion event is available.
+ * barrier_abort() places an abortion event that cannot be undone. An abortion
+ * immediately cancels all placed barriers and replaces them. Any running and
+ * following wait/sync call besides barrier_wait_abortion() will immediately
+ * return false on both sides (otherwise, they always return true).
+ * barrier_abort() can be called multiple times on both ends and will be a
+ * no-op if already called on this side.
+ * barrier_wait_abortion() can be used to wait for the other side to call
+ * barrier_abort() and is the only wait/sync call that does not return
+ * immediately if we aborted outself. It only returns once the other side
+ * called barrier_abort().
+ *
+ * Barriers can be used for in-process and inter-process synchronization.
+ * However, for in-process synchronization you could just use mutexes.
+ * Therefore, main target is IPC and we require both sides to *not* share the FD
+ * table. If that's given, barriers provide target tracking: If the remote side
+ * exit()s, an abortion event is implicitly queued on the other side. This way,
+ * a sync/wait call will be woken up if the remote side crashed or exited
+ * unexpectedly. However, note that these abortion events are only queued if the
+ * barrier-queue has been drained. Therefore, it is safe to place a barrier and
+ * exit. The other side can safely wait on the barrier even though the exit
+ * queued an abortion event. Usually, the abortion event would overwrite the
+ * barrier, however, that's not true for exit-abortion events. Those are only
+ * queued if the barrier-queue is drained (thus, the receiving side has placed
+ * more barriers than the remote side).
+ */
+
+/**
+ * barrier_create() - Initialize a barrier object
+ * @obj: barrier to initialize
+ *
+ * This initializes a barrier object. The caller is responsible of allocating
+ * the memory and keeping it valid. The memory does not have to be zeroed
+ * beforehand.
+ * Two eventfd objects are allocated for each barrier. If allocation fails, an
+ * error is returned.
+ *
+ * If this function fails, the barrier is reset to an invalid state so it is
+ * safe to call barrier_destroy() on the object regardless whether the
+ * initialization succeeded or not.
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible to destroy the object via barrier_destroy() before
+ * releasing the underlying memory.
+ *
+ * Returns: 0 on success, negative error code on failure.
+ */
+int barrier_create(Barrier *b) {
+ _cleanup_(barrier_destroyp) Barrier *staging = b;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(b);
+
+ b->me = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK);
+ if (b->me < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ b->them = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK);
+ if (b->them < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ r = pipe2(b->pipe, O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ staging = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_destroy() - Destroy a barrier object
+ * @b: barrier to destroy or NULL
+ *
+ * This destroys a barrier object that has previously been passed to
+ * barrier_create(). The object is released and reset to invalid
+ * state. Therefore, it is safe to call barrier_destroy() multiple
+ * times or even if barrier_create() failed. However, barrier must be
+ * always initialized with BARRIER_NULL.
+ *
+ * If @b is NULL, this is a no-op.
+ */
+void barrier_destroy(Barrier *b) {
+ if (!b)
+ return;
+
+ b->me = safe_close(b->me);
+ b->them = safe_close(b->them);
+ safe_close_pair(b->pipe);
+ b->barriers = 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_set_role() - Set the local role of the barrier
+ * @b: barrier to operate on
+ * @role: role to set on the barrier
+ *
+ * This sets the roles on a barrier object. This is needed to know
+ * which side of the barrier you're on. Usually, the parent creates
+ * the barrier via barrier_create() and then calls fork() or clone().
+ * Therefore, the FDs are duplicated and the child retains the same
+ * barrier object.
+ *
+ * Both sides need to call barrier_set_role() after fork() or clone()
+ * are done. If this is not done, barriers will not work correctly.
+ *
+ * Note that barriers could be supported without fork() or clone(). However,
+ * this is currently not needed so it hasn't been implemented.
+ */
+void barrier_set_role(Barrier *b, unsigned int role) {
+ int fd;
+
+ assert(b);
+ assert(role == BARRIER_PARENT || role == BARRIER_CHILD);
+ /* make sure this is only called once */
+ assert(b->pipe[0] >= 0 && b->pipe[1] >= 0);
+
+ if (role == BARRIER_PARENT)
+ b->pipe[1] = safe_close(b->pipe[1]);
+ else {
+ b->pipe[0] = safe_close(b->pipe[0]);
+
+ /* swap me/them for children */
+ fd = b->me;
+ b->me = b->them;
+ b->them = fd;
+ }
+}
+
+/* places barrier; returns false if we aborted, otherwise true */
+static bool barrier_write(Barrier *b, uint64_t buf) {
+ ssize_t len;
+
+ /* prevent new sync-points if we already aborted */
+ if (barrier_i_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ assert(b->me >= 0);
+ do {
+ len = write(b->me, &buf, sizeof(buf));
+ } while (len < 0 && IN_SET(errno, EAGAIN, EINTR));
+
+ if (len != sizeof(buf))
+ goto error;
+
+ /* lock if we aborted */
+ if (buf >= (uint64_t)BARRIER_ABORTION) {
+ if (barrier_they_aborted(b))
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_WE_ABORTED;
+ else
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_I_ABORTED;
+ } else if (!barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ b->barriers += buf;
+
+ return !barrier_i_aborted(b);
+
+error:
+ /* If there is an unexpected error, we have to make this fatal. There
+ * is no way we can recover from sync-errors. Therefore, we close the
+ * pipe-ends and treat this as abortion. The other end will notice the
+ * pipe-close and treat it as abortion, too. */
+
+ safe_close_pair(b->pipe);
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_WE_ABORTED;
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* waits for barriers; returns false if they aborted, otherwise true */
+static bool barrier_read(Barrier *b, int64_t comp) {
+ if (barrier_they_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ while (b->barriers > comp) {
+ struct pollfd pfd[2] = {
+ { .fd = b->pipe[0] >= 0 ? b->pipe[0] : b->pipe[1],
+ .events = POLLHUP },
+ { .fd = b->them,
+ .events = POLLIN }};
+ uint64_t buf;
+ int r;
+
+ r = poll(pfd, 2, -1);
+ if (r < 0 && IN_SET(errno, EAGAIN, EINTR))
+ continue;
+ else if (r < 0)
+ goto error;
+
+ if (pfd[1].revents) {
+ ssize_t len;
+
+ /* events on @them signal new data for us */
+ len = read(b->them, &buf, sizeof(buf));
+ if (len < 0 && IN_SET(errno, EAGAIN, EINTR))
+ continue;
+
+ if (len != sizeof(buf))
+ goto error;
+ } else if (pfd[0].revents & (POLLHUP | POLLERR | POLLNVAL))
+ /* POLLHUP on the pipe tells us the other side exited.
+ * We treat this as implicit abortion. But we only
+ * handle it if there's no event on the eventfd. This
+ * guarantees that exit-abortions do not overwrite real
+ * barriers. */
+ buf = BARRIER_ABORTION;
+ else
+ continue;
+
+ /* lock if they aborted */
+ if (buf >= (uint64_t)BARRIER_ABORTION) {
+ if (barrier_i_aborted(b))
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_WE_ABORTED;
+ else
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_THEY_ABORTED;
+ } else if (!barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ b->barriers -= buf;
+ }
+
+ return !barrier_they_aborted(b);
+
+error:
+ /* If there is an unexpected error, we have to make this fatal. There
+ * is no way we can recover from sync-errors. Therefore, we close the
+ * pipe-ends and treat this as abortion. The other end will notice the
+ * pipe-close and treat it as abortion, too. */
+
+ safe_close_pair(b->pipe);
+ b->barriers = BARRIER_WE_ABORTED;
+ return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_place() - Place a new barrier
+ * @b: barrier object
+ *
+ * This places a new barrier on the barrier object. If either side already
+ * aborted, this is a no-op and returns "false". Otherwise, the barrier is
+ * placed and this returns "true".
+ *
+ * Returns: true if barrier was placed, false if either side aborted.
+ */
+bool barrier_place(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ if (barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ barrier_write(b, BARRIER_SINGLE);
+ return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_abort() - Abort the synchronization
+ * @b: barrier object to abort
+ *
+ * This aborts the barrier-synchronization. If barrier_abort() was already
+ * called on this side, this is a no-op. Otherwise, the barrier is put into the
+ * ABORT-state and will stay there. The other side is notified about the
+ * abortion. Any following attempt to place normal barriers or to wait on normal
+ * barriers will return immediately as "false".
+ *
+ * You can wait for the other side to call barrier_abort(), too. Use
+ * barrier_wait_abortion() for that.
+ *
+ * Returns: false if the other side already aborted, true otherwise.
+ */
+bool barrier_abort(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ barrier_write(b, BARRIER_ABORTION);
+ return !barrier_they_aborted(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_wait_next() - Wait for the next barrier of the other side
+ * @b: barrier to operate on
+ *
+ * This waits until the other side places its next barrier. This is independent
+ * of any barrier-links and just waits for any next barrier of the other side.
+ *
+ * If either side aborted, this returns false.
+ *
+ * Returns: false if either side aborted, true otherwise.
+ */
+bool barrier_wait_next(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ if (barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ barrier_read(b, b->barriers - 1);
+ return !barrier_is_aborted(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_wait_abortion() - Wait for the other side to abort
+ * @b: barrier to operate on
+ *
+ * This waits until the other side called barrier_abort(). This can be called
+ * regardless whether the local side already called barrier_abort() or not.
+ *
+ * If the other side has already aborted, this returns immediately.
+ *
+ * Returns: false if the local side aborted, true otherwise.
+ */
+bool barrier_wait_abortion(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ barrier_read(b, BARRIER_THEY_ABORTED);
+ return !barrier_i_aborted(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_sync_next() - Wait for the other side to place a next linked barrier
+ * @b: barrier to operate on
+ *
+ * This is like barrier_wait_next() and waits for the other side to call
+ * barrier_place(). However, this only waits for linked barriers. That means, if
+ * the other side already placed more barriers than (or as much as) we did, this
+ * returns immediately instead of waiting.
+ *
+ * If either side aborted, this returns false.
+ *
+ * Returns: false if either side aborted, true otherwise.
+ */
+bool barrier_sync_next(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ if (barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ barrier_read(b, MAX((int64_t)0, b->barriers - 1));
+ return !barrier_is_aborted(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * barrier_sync() - Wait for the other side to place as many barriers as we did
+ * @b: barrier to operate on
+ *
+ * This is like barrier_sync_next() but waits for the other side to call
+ * barrier_place() as often as we did (in total). If they already placed as much
+ * as we did (or more), this returns immediately instead of waiting.
+ *
+ * If either side aborted, this returns false.
+ *
+ * Returns: false if either side aborted, true otherwise.
+ */
+bool barrier_sync(Barrier *b) {
+ assert(b);
+
+ if (barrier_is_aborted(b))
+ return false;
+
+ barrier_read(b, 0);
+ return !barrier_is_aborted(b);
+}