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+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
+ "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<!--
+ This file is part of systemd.
+
+ Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
+
+ systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+-->
+
+<refentry id="os-release">
+ <refentryinfo>
+ <title>os-release</title>
+ <productname>systemd</productname>
+
+ <authorgroup>
+ <author>
+ <contrib>Developer</contrib>
+ <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
+ <surname>Poettering</surname>
+ <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
+ </author>
+ </authorgroup>
+ </refentryinfo>
+
+ <refmeta>
+ <refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
+ <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
+ </refmeta>
+
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>os-release</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
+ </refnamediv>
+
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
+ <para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
+ <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain operating
+ system identification data.</para>
+
+ <para>The basic file format of <filename>os-release</filename> is
+ a newline-separated list of environment-like shell-compatible
+ variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration
+ from shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no
+ shell features are supported (this means variable expansion is
+ explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file
+ without implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable
+ assignment values must be enclosed in double or single quotes if
+ they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters
+ outside of A–Z, a–z, 0–9. Shell special characters ("$", quotes,
+ backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes, following
+ shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
+ non-printable characters should not be used. It is not supported
+ to concatenate multiple individually quoted strings. Lines
+ beginning with "#" shall be ignored as comments.</para>
+
+ <para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> takes
+ precedence over <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>.
+ Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its
+ data if it exists, and only fall back to
+ <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is missing.
+ Applications should not read data from both files at the same
+ time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the recommended
+ place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees.
+ <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be a relative symlink
+ to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>, to provide
+ compatibility with applications only looking at
+ <filename>/etc</filename>. A relative symlink instead of an
+ absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a
+ chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</para>
+
+ <para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data that is
+ defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be
+ changed by the administrator.</para>
+
+ <para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should
+ not be localized.</para>
+
+ <para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
+ <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might be symlinks
+ to other files, but it is important that the file is available
+ from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file
+ system.</para>
+
+ <para>For a longer rationale for <filename>os-release</filename>
+ please refer to the <ulink
+ url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Options</title>
+
+ <para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
+ <filename>os-release</filename>:</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system,
+ without a version component, and suitable for presentation to
+ the user. If not set, defaults to
+ <literal>NAME=GNU/Linux</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>NAME=BLAG</literal> or <literal>NAME="gNewSense
+ GNU/Linux"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system
+ version, excluding any OS name information, possibly including
+ a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the
+ user. This field is optional. Example:
+ <literal>VERSION=210k</literal> or <literal>VERSION="210k
+ (Spartakus)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other
+ characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying
+ the operating system, excluding any version information and
+ suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated
+ filenames. If not set, defaults to
+ <literal>ID=gnu-linux</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>ID=blag</literal> or
+ <literal>ID=gnewsense</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A space-separated list of operating system
+ identifiers in the same syntax as the <varname>ID=</varname>
+ setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that
+ are closely related to the local operating system in regards
+ to packaging and programming interfaces, for example listing
+ one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from.
+ An OS should generally only list other OS identifiers it
+ itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are derived
+ from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build
+ scripts and similar should check this variable if they need to
+ identify the local operating system and the value of
+ <varname>ID=</varname> is not recognized. Operating systems
+ should be listed in order of how closely the local operating
+ system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest.
+ This field is optional. Example: for an operating system with
+ <literal>ID=blag</literal>, an assignment of
+ <literal>ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</literal> would be appropriate.
+ For an operating system with <literal>ID=gnewsense</literal>, an
+ assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is
+ appropriate.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces
+ or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-")
+ identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS
+ name information or release code name, and suitable for
+ processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This
+ field is optional. Example: <literal>VERSION_ID=210k</literal>
+ or <literal>VERSION_ID=7.0</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A pretty operating system name in a format
+ suitable for presentation to the user. May or may not contain
+ a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable.
+ If not set, defaults to
+ <literal>PRETTY_NAME="GNU/Linux"</literal>. Example:
+ <literal>PRETTY_NAME="BLAG 210k
+ (Spartakus)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A suggested presentation color when showing
+ the OS name on the console. This should be specified as string
+ suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code
+ for setting graphical rendition. This field is optional.
+ Example: <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal> for red, or
+ <literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal> for light
+ blue.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A CPE name for the operating system, in URI
+ binding syntax, following the
+ <ulink url="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/">Common
+ Platform Enumeration Specification</ulink> as proposed by the
+ NIST. This field is optional. Example:
+ <literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:blagblagblag:blag:210k"</literal>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
+ <term><varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Links to resources on the Internet related the
+ operating system. <varname>HOME_URL=</varname> should refer to
+ the homepage of the operating system, or alternatively some
+ homepage of the specific version of the operating system.
+ <varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main
+ support page for the operating system, if there is any. This
+ is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors
+ provide support for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname> should
+ refer to the main bug reporting page for the operating system,
+ if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating
+ systems that rely on community QA.
+ <varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname> should refer to the
+ main privacy policy page for the operation system, if there is
+ any. These settings are optional, and providing only some of
+ these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be
+ exposed in "About this system" UIs behind links with captions
+ such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support",
+ "Report a Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in
+ <ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986
+ format</ulink>, and should be <literal>http:</literal> or
+ <literal>https:</literal> URLs, and possibly
+ <literal>mailto:</literal> or <literal>tel:</literal>. Only
+ one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources
+ need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online
+ landing page linking all available resources. Examples:
+ <literal>HOME_URL="https://www.blagblagblag.org/"</literal> and
+ <literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://blag.fsf.org/"</literal></para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>A string uniquely identifying the system image
+ used as the origin for a distribution (it is not updated with
+ system updates). The field can be identical between different
+ VERSION_IDs as BUILD_ID is an only a unique identifier to a
+ specific version. Distributions that release each update as a
+ new version would only need to use VERSION_ID as each build is
+ already distinct based on the VERSION_ID. This field is
+ optional. Example: <literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal>
+ or <literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>.
+
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VARIANT=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ A string identifying a specific variant or edition of the
+ operating system suitable for presentation to the user. This
+ field may be used to inform the user that the configuration of
+ this system is subject to a specific divergent set of rules or
+ default configuration settings. This field is optional and may
+ not be implemented on all systems.
+ Examples:
+ <literal>VARIANT="Server Edition"</literal>,
+ <literal>VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator Edition"</literal>
+ Note: this field is for display purposes only. The
+ <varname>VARIANT_ID</varname> field should be used for making
+ programmatic decisions.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>VARIANT_ID=</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>
+ A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of
+ 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-"), identifying a specific variant or
+ edition of the operating system. This may be interpreted by
+ other packages in order to determine a divergent default
+ configuration. This field is optional and may not be
+ implemented on all systems.
+ Examples:
+ <literal>VARIANT_ID=server</literal>,
+ <literal>VARIANT_ID=embedded</literal>
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>If you are reading this file from C code or a shell script
+ to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the
+ <varname>ID</varname> and <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> fields,
+ possibly with <varname>ID_LIKE</varname> as fallback for
+ <varname>ID</varname>. When looking for an OS identification
+ string for presentation to the user use the
+ <varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> field.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide
+ version information, for example to accommodate for rolling
+ releases. In this case, <varname>VERSION</varname> and
+ <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> may be unset. Applications should
+ not rely on these fields to be set.</para>
+
+ <para>Operating system vendors may extend the file
+ format and introduce new fields. It is highly
+ recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific
+ name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
+ reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example:
+ <literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.gnewsense.org/"</literal></para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Example</title>
+
+ <programlisting>NAME=Parabola
+VERSION="rolling-release"
+ID=parabola
+ID_LIKE=arch
+VERSION_ID=rolling-release
+PRETTY_NAME="Parabola GNU/Linux-libre"
+ANSI_COLOR="1;35"
+CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:parabola:parabola:rolling-release"
+HOME_URL="https://www.parabola.nu/"
+BUG_REPORT_URL="https://labs.parabola.nu/"</programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>See Also</title>
+ <para>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
+</refentry>