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This adds a unified "copy_flags" parameter to all copy_xyz() function
calls, replacing the various boolean flags so far used. This should make
many invocations more readable as it is clear what behaviour is
precisely requested. This also prepares ground for adding support for
more modes later on.
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gcc 7 adds -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 to -Wextra. There are a few ways
we could deal with that. After we take into account the need to stay compatible
with older versions of the compiler (and other compilers), I don't think adding
__attribute__((fallthrough)), even as a macro, is worth the trouble. It sticks
out too much, a comment is just as good. But gcc has some very specific
requiremnts how the comment should look. Adjust it the specific form that it
likes. I don't think the extra stuff we had in those comments was adding much
value.
(Note: the documentation seems to be wrong, and seems to describe a different
pattern from the one that is actually used. I guess either the docs or the code
will have to change before gcc 7 is finalized.)
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For consistency. Also drop "e.g." because it's somewhat redundant with the
ellipsis and the message is pretty long already.
Follow-up for 4d1fe20a585ca.
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Accept AF_VSOCK listen addresses in socket unit files. Both guest and
host can now take advantage of socket activation.
The QEMU guest agent has recently been modified to support socket
activation and can run over AF_VSOCK with this patch.
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Let's simply store the socket address length in the SocketPeer object so
that we can use it when invoking sockaddr_pretty():
This fixes the issue described in #4943, but avoids calling
getpeername() twice.
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Fixes: #4987
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socket_find_symlink_target() returns a pointer to
p->address.sockaddr.un.sun_path when the first byte is non-zero without
checking that this is AF_UNIX socket. Since sockaddr is a union this
byte could be non-zero for AF_INET sockets.
Existing callers happen to be safe but is an accident waiting to happen.
Use socket_address_get_path() since it checks for AF_UNIX.
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This monopolizes unit file specifier expansion in load-fragment.c, and removes
it from socket.c + service.c. This way expansion becomes an operation done exclusively at time of loading unit files.
Previously specifiers were resolved for all settings during loading of unit
files with the exception of ExecStart= and friends which were resolved in
socket.c and service.c. With this change the latter is also moved to the
loading of unit files.
Fixes: #3061
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It's rather hard to parse the confirmation messages (enabled with
systemd.confirm_spawn=true) amongst the status messages and the kernel
ones (if enabled).
This patch gives the possibility to the user to redirect the confirmation
message to a different virtual console, either by giving its name or its path,
so those messages are separated from the other ones and easier to read.
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We don't have plural in the name of any other -util files and this
inconsistency trips me up every time I try to type this file name
from memory. "formats-util" is even hard to pronounce.
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Add an "invocation ID" concept to the service manager
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whether it is a command or a daemon
SIGTERM should be considered a clean exit code for daemons (i.e. long-running
processes, as a daemon without SIGTERM handler may be shut down without issues
via SIGTERM still) while it should not be considered a clean exit code for
commands (i.e. short-running processes).
Let's add two different clean checking modes for this, and use the right one at
the appropriate places.
Fixes: #4275
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This adds a new invocation ID concept to the service manager. The invocation ID
identifies each runtime cycle of a unit uniquely. A new randomized 128bit ID is
generated each time a unit moves from and inactive to an activating or active
state.
The primary usecase for this concept is to connect the runtime data PID 1
maintains about a service with the offline data the journal stores about it.
Previously we'd use the unit name plus start/stop times, which however is
highly racy since the journal will generally process log data after the service
already ended.
The "invocation ID" kinda matches the "boot ID" concept of the Linux kernel,
except that it applies to an individual unit instead of the whole system.
The invocation ID is passed to the activated processes as environment variable.
It is additionally stored as extended attribute on the cgroup of the unit. The
latter is used by journald to automatically retrieve it for each log logged
message and attach it to the log entry. The environment variable is very easily
accessible, even for unprivileged services. OTOH the extended attribute is only
accessible to privileged processes (this is because cgroupfs only supports the
"trusted." xattr namespace, not "user."). The environment variable may be
altered by services, the extended attribute may not be, hence is the better
choice for the journal.
Note that reading the invocation ID off the extended attribute from journald is
racy, similar to the way reading the unit name for a logging process is.
This patch adds APIs to read the invocation ID to sd-id128:
sd_id128_get_invocation() may be used in a similar fashion to
sd_id128_get_boot().
PID1's own logging is updated to always include the invocation ID when it logs
information about a unit.
A new bus call GetUnitByInvocationID() is added that allows retrieving a bus
path to a unit by its invocation ID. The bus path is built using the invocation
ID, thus providing a path for referring to a unit that is valid only for the
current runtime cycleof it.
Outlook for the future: should the kernel eventually allow passing of cgroup
information along AF_UNIX/SOCK_DGRAM messages via a unique cgroup id, then we
can alter the invocation ID to be generated as hash from that rather than
entirely randomly. This way we can derive the invocation race-freely from the
messages.
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There was no certainty about how the path in service file should look
like for usb functionfs activation. Because of this it was treated
differently in different places, which made this feature unusable.
This patch fixes the path to be the *mount directory* of functionfs, not
ep0 file path and clarifies in the documentation that ListenUSBFunction should be
the location of functionfs mount point, not ep0 file itself.
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This adds the boolean RemoveIPC= setting to service, socket, mount and swap
units (i.e. all unit types that may invoke processes). if turned on, and the
unit's user/group is not root, all IPC objects of the user/group are removed
when the service is shut down. The life-cycle of the IPC objects is hence bound
to the unit life-cycle.
This is particularly relevant for units with dynamic users, as it is essential
that no objects owned by the dynamic users survive the service exiting. In
fact, this patch adds code to imply RemoveIPC= if DynamicUser= is set.
In order to communicate the UID/GID of an executed process back to PID 1 this
adds a new "user lookup" socket pair, that is inherited into the forked
processes, and closed before the exec(). This is needed since we cannot do NSS
from PID 1 due to deadlock risks, However need to know the used UID/GID in
order to clean up IPC owned by it if the unit shuts down.
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beef up /var/tmp and /tmp handling; set $SERVICE_RESULT/$EXIT_CODE/$EXIT_STATUS on ExecStop= and make sure root/nobody are always resolvable
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Without the address the message is not very useful.
Aug 04 23:52:21 rawhide systemd[1]: testlimit.socket: Too many incoming connections (4) from source ::1, dropping connection.
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Make functions and definitions that don't need to be shared local to
socket.c.
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Previously, the result value of a unit was overriden with each failure that
took place, so that the result always reported the last failure that took
place.
With this commit this is changed, so that the first failure taking place is
stored instead. This should normally not matter much as multiple failures are
sufficiently uncommon. However, it improves one behaviour: if we send SIGABRT
to a service due to a watchdog timeout, then this currently would be reported
as "coredump" failure, rather than the "watchodg" failure it really is. Hence,
in order to report information about the type of the failure, and not about
the effect of it, let's change this from all unit type to store the first, not
the last failure.
This addresses the issue pointed out here:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/3818#discussion_r73433520
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The ExecParameters structure contains a number of bit-flags, that were so far
exposed as bool:1, change this to a proper, single binary bit flag field. This
makes things a bit more expressive, and is helpful as we add more flags, since
these booleans are passed around in various callers, for example
service_spawn(), whose signature can be made much shorter now.
Not all bit booleans from ExecParameters are moved into the flags field for
now, but this can be added later.
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Introduce MaxConnectionsPerSource= that is number of concurrent
connections allowed per IP.
RFE: 1939
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service is running
This adds a new boolean setting DynamicUser= to service files. If set, a new
user will be allocated dynamically when the unit is started, and released when
it is stopped. The user ID is allocated from the range 61184..65519. The user
will not be added to /etc/passwd (but an NSS module to be added later should
make it show up in getent passwd).
For now, care should be taken that the service writes no files to disk, since
this might result in files owned by UIDs that might get assigned dynamically to
a different service later on. Later patches will tighten sandboxing in order to
ensure that this cannot happen, except for a few selected directories.
A simple way to test this is:
systemd-run -p DynamicUser=1 /bin/sleep 99999
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Super-important change, yeah!
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don't reopen socket fds when reloading the daemon
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Previously, we'd simply close and reopen the socket file descriptors. This is
problematic however, as we won't transition through the SOCKET_CHOWN state
then, and thus the file ownership won't be correct for the sockets.
Rework the flushing logic, and actually read any queued data from the sockets
for flushing, and accept any queued messages and disconnect them.
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Previously, when the daemon was reloaded and the configuration of a socket unit
file was changed so that a different set of socket ports was defined for the
socket we'd simply reopen the socket fds not yet open. This is problematic
however, as this means the SOCKET_CHOWN state is not run for them, and thus
their UID/GID is not corrected.
With this change, don't open the missing file descriptors, but log about this
issue, and ask the user to restart the socket explicit, to make sure all
missing fds are opened.
Fixes: #3171
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This should bring no behavioural change.
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The unit file settings are called SocketUser= and SocketGroup= hence name these
fields that way in the "systemd-analyze dump" output too.
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/3171#issuecomment-216216995
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Let's lower the default values a bit, and pick different defaults for
Accept=yes and Accept=no sockets.
Fixes: #3167
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job for the service queued
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Let's move the enforcement of the per-unit start limit from unit.c into the
type-specific files again. For unit types that know a concept of "result" codes
this allows us to hook up the start limit condition to it with an explicit
result code. Also, this makes sure that the state checks in clal like
service_start() may be done before the start limit is checked, as the start
limit really should be checked last, right before everything has been verified
to be in order.
The generic start limit logic is left in unit.c, but the invocation of it is
moved into the per-type files, in the various xyz_start() functions, so that
they may place the check at the right location.
Note that this change drops the enforcement entirely from device, slice, target
and scope units, since these unit types generally may not fail activation, or
may only be activated a single time. This is also documented now.
Note that restores the "start-limit-hit" result code that existed before
6bf0f408e4833152197fb38fb10a9989c89f3a59 already in the service code. However,
it's not introduced for all units that have a result code concept.
Fixes #3166.
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There's no need to set the no_gc bit for service units that socket units
prepare, as we always keep a proper reference (as maintained by unit_ref_set())
on them, and such references are honoured by the GC logic anyway. Moreover,
explicitly setting the no_gc bit is problematic if the socket gets GC'ed for a
reason, as the service might then leak with the bit set.
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per-connection service
Fixes: #2993 #2691
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This adds two new settings TriggerLimitIntervalSec= and TriggerLimitBurst= that
define a rate limit for activation of socket units. When the limit is hit, the
socket is is put into a failure mode. This is an alternative fix for #2467,
since the original fix resulted in issue #2684.
In a later commit the StartLimitInterval=/StartLimitBurst= rate limiter will be
changed to be applied after any start conditions checks are made. This way,
there are two separate rate limiters enforced: one at triggering time, before
any jobs are queued with this patch, as well as the start limit that is moved
again to be run immediately before the unit is activated. Condition checks are
done in between the two, and thus no longer affect the start limit.
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This adds a new GetProcesses() bus call to the Unit object which returns an
array consisting of all PIDs, their process names, as well as their full cgroup
paths. This is then used by "systemctl status" to show the per-unit process
tree.
This has the benefit that the client-side no longer needs to access the
cgroupfs directly to show the process tree of a unit. Instead, it now uses this
new API, which means it also works if -H or -M are used correctly, as the
information from the specific host is used, and not the one from the local
system.
Fixes: #2945
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Previously, we had two enums ManagerRunningAs and UnitFileScope, that were
mostly identical and converted from one to the other all the time. The latter
had one more value UNIT_FILE_GLOBAL however.
Let's simplify things, and remove ManagerRunningAs and replace it by
UnitFileScope everywhere, thus making the translation unnecessary. Introduce
two new macros MANAGER_IS_SYSTEM() and MANAGER_IS_USER() to simplify checking
if we are running in one or the user context.
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usbffs_address_create() expects an absolute path to the file that is
supposed to be opened. The path specified only leads to the directory
containing the endpoint ep0 not the endpoint itself. This commit adds
the endpoints name to the path.
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Throughout the tree there's spurious use of spaces separating ++ and --
operators from their respective operands. Make ++ and -- operator
consistent with the majority of existing uses; discard the spaces.
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This feature will not be used anytime soon, so remove a bit of cruft.
The BusPolicy= config directive will stay around as compat noop.
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Remove some old cruft
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This should be handled fine now by .dir-locals.el, so need to carry that
stuff in every file.
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unit, not just services
This moves the StartLimitBurst=, StartLimitInterval=, StartLimitAction=, RebootArgument= from the [Service] section
into the [Unit] section of unit files, and thus support it in all unit types, not just in services.
This way we can enforce the start limit much earlier, in particular before testing the unit conditions, so that
repeated start-up failure due to failed conditions is also considered for the start limit logic.
For compatibility the four options may also be configured in the [Service] section still, but we only document them in
their new section [Unit].
This also renamed the socket unit failure code "service-failed-permanent" into "service-start-limit-hit" to express
more clearly what it is about, after all it's only triggered through the start limit being hit.
Finally, the code in busname_trigger_notify() and socket_trigger_notify() is altered to become more alike.
Fixes: #2467
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events correctly
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This clean-ups timeout handling in PID 1. Specifically, instead of storing 0 in internal timeout variables as
indication for a disabled timeout, use USEC_INFINITY which is in-line with how we do this in the rest of our code
(following the logic that 0 means "no", and USEC_INFINITY means "never").
This also replace all usec_t additions with invocations to usec_add(), so that USEC_INFINITY is properly propagated,
and sd-event considers it has indication for turning off the event source.
This also alters the deserialization of the units to restart timeouts from the time they were originally started from.
Before this patch timeouts would be restarted beginning with the time of the deserialization, which could lead to
artificially prolonged timeouts if a daemon reload took place.
Finally, a new RuntimeMaxSec= setting is introduced for service units, that specifies a maximum runtime after which a
specific service is forcibly terminated. This is useful to put time limits on time-intensive processing jobs.
This also simplifies the various xyz_spawn() calls of the various types in that explicit distruction of the timers is
removed, as that is done anyway by the state change handlers, and a state change is always done when the xyz_spawn()
calls fail.
Fixes: #2249
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SCTP_NODELAY is diffrent to TCP_NODELAY.
Apply proper options in case of SCTP.
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