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"Scope" units are very much like service units, however with the
difference that they are created from pre-existing processes, rather
than processes that systemd itself forks off. This means they are
generated programmatically via the bus API as transient units rather
than from static configuration read from disk. Also, they do not provide
execution-time parameters, as at the time systemd adds the processes to
the scope unit they already exist and the parameters cannot be applied
anymore.
The primary benefit of this new unit type is to create arbitrary cgroups
for worker-processes forked off an existing service.
This commit also adds a a new mode to "systemd-run" to run the specified
processes in a scope rather then a transient service.
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Transient units can be created via the bus API. They are configured via
the method call parameters rather than on-disk files. They are subject
to normal GC. Transient units currently may only be created for
services (however, we will extend this), and currently only ExecStart=
and the cgroup parameters can be configured (also to be extended).
Transient units require a unique name, that previously had no
configuration file on disk.
A tool systemd-run is added that makes use of this functionality to run
arbitrary command lines as transient services:
$ systemd-run /bin/ping www.heise.de
Will cause systemd to create a new transient service and run ping in it.
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and hook some cgroup attributes up to it
This introduces two bus calls to make runtime changes to selected bus
properties, optionally with persistence.
This currently hooks this up only for three cgroup atributes, but this
brings the infrastructure to add more changable attributes.
This allows setting multiple attributes at once, and takes an array
rather than a dictionary of properties, in order to implement simple
resetting of lists using the same approach as when they are sourced from
unit files. This means, that list properties are appended to by this
call, unless they are first reset via assigning the empty list.
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Replace the very generic cgroup hookup with a much simpler one. With
this change only the high-level cgroup settings remain, the ability to
set arbitrary cgroup attributes is removed, so is support for adding
units to arbitrary cgroup controllers or setting arbitrary paths for
them (especially paths that are different for the various controllers).
This also introduces a new -.slice root slice, that is the parent of
system.slice and friends. This enables easy admin configuration of
root-level cgrouo properties.
This replaces DeviceDeny= by DevicePolicy=, and implicitly adds in
/dev/null, /dev/zero and friends if DeviceAllow= is used (unless this is
turned off by DevicePolicy=).
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- This changes all logind cgroup objects to use slice objects rather
than fixed croup locations.
- logind can now collect minimal information about running
VMs/containers. As fixed cgroup locations can no longer be used we
need an entity that keeps track of machine cgroups in whatever slice
they might be located. Since logind already keeps track of users,
sessions and seats this is a trivial addition.
- nspawn will now register with logind and pass various bits of metadata
along. A new option "--slice=" has been added to place the container
in a specific slice.
- loginctl gained commands to list, introspect and terminate machines.
- user.slice and machine.slice will now be pulled in by logind.service,
since only logind.service requires this slice.
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In order to prepare for the kernel cgroup rework, let's introduce a new
unit type to systemd, the "slice". Slices can be arranged in a tree and
are useful to partition resources freely and hierarchally by the user.
Each service unit can now be assigned to one of these slices, and later
on login users and machines may too.
Slices translate pretty directly to the cgroup hierarchy, and the
various objects can be assigned to any of the slices in the tree.
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I'm assuming that it's fine if a _const_ or _pure_ function
calls assert. It is assumed that the assert won't trigger,
and even if it does, it can only trigger on the first call
with a given set of parameters, and we don't care if the
compiler moves the order of calls.
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systemd:/system subtree
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This was needed with log_struct_unit() but log_notice_unit() adds it
anyway.
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When a trigger unit wants to know if a stop is queued for it, we should
just check precisely that and do not check whether it is actually
stopped already. This is because we use these checks usually from state
change calls where the state variables are not updated yet.
This change splits unit_pending_inactive() into two calls
unit_inactive_or_pending() and unit_stop_pending(). The former checks
state and pending jobs, the latter only pending jobs.
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Let's better be safe than sorry.
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Instead of having explicit type-specific callbacks that inform the
triggering unit when a triggered unit changes state, make this generic
so that state changes are forwarded betwee any triggered and triggering
unit.
Also, get rid of UnitRef references from automount, timer, path units,
to the units they trigger and rely exclsuively on UNIT_TRIGGER type
dendencies.
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Session objects will now get the .session suffix, user objects the .user
suffix, nspawn containers the .nspawn suffix.
This also changes the user cgroups to be named after the numeric UID
rather than the username, since this allows us the parse these paths
standalone without requiring access to the cgroup file system.
This also changes the mapping of instanced units to cgroups. Instead of
mapping foo@bar.service to the cgroup path /user/foo@.service/bar we
will now map it to /user/foo@.service/foo@bar.service, in order to
ensure that all our objects are properly suffixed in the tree.
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Before, we would initialize many fields twice: first
by filling the structure with zeros, and then a second
time with the real values. We can let the compiler do
the job for us, avoiding one copy.
A downside of this patch is that text gets slightly
bigger. This is because all zero() calls are effectively
inlined:
$ size build/.libs/systemd
text data bss dec hex filename
before 897737 107300 2560 1007597 f5fed build/.libs/systemd
after 897873 107300 2560 1007733 f6075 build/.libs/systemd
… actually less than 1‰.
A few asserts that the parameter is not null had to be removed. I
don't think this changes much, because first, it is quite unlikely
for the assert to fail, and second, an immediate SEGV is almost as
good as an assert.
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Instead of outputting "5h 55s 50ms 3us" we'll now output "5h
55.050003s". Also, while outputting the accuracy is configurable.
Basically we now try use "dot notation" for all time values > 1min. For
>= 1s we use 's' as unit, otherwise for >= 1ms we use 'ms' as unit, and
finally 'us'.
This should give reasonably values in most cases.
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You can write much more than just one line with this call (and we
frequently do), so let's correct the naming.
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Requesites are not supposed to be auto-started afterall, they are just
checks, so don't try to be smarter here than appropriate.
Based on a patch from Michal Schmidt.
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Previously, it would set all caps, but it should drop them all, anything
else makes little sense.
Also, document that this works as it does, and what to do in order to
assign all caps to the bounding set.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=914705
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There are very few differences in the implementations of the kill method in the
unit types that have one. Let's unify them.
This does not yet unify unit_kill() with unit_kill_context().
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Installation of a deserialized job may fail (though purely in theory),
so increase the running job counter only when succeeding.
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All active units will call unit_notify() during coldplug, so we just
make sure we're counting from zero again and get the correct result for
n_on_console.
For n_running_jobs we likewise reset it to zero and then count
the running jobs as we encounter them in deserialization.
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unit_notify is fired in deserelization code (particulary in
service_set_state). Units passed in random order, and there is possibility,
that unit with StopWhenUnneeded=yes passed before it actual dependecies. In
that case unit will be stopped as unneeded, because deps in UNIT_INACTIVE state
yet.
So, reuse similar logic (unit.c:1421) to avoid this race
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Take advantage of the fact that almost all callers want to pass unit
description as the last parameter. Those who don't can use the more
flexible manager_status_printf().
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unit_status_printf() checks the state of the manager, not of the unit
as such. Move it to manager.c and rename it to manager_status_printf().
Temporarily keep unit_status_printf as a wrapper macro.
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This introduces a new static list of known attributes and their special
semantics. This means that cgroup attribute values can now be
automatically translated from user to kernel notation for command line
set settings, too.
This also adds proper support for multi-line attributes.
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It is not really necessary to have a hard requirement dependency on
systemd-journald.socket in almost every unit. The socket gets pulled
into boot via at least two ways:
sockets.target -> systemd-journald.socket
sysinit.target -> systemd-journald.service -> systemd-journald.socket
So just assume something pulled the socket in and drop the automatic
requirement dependencies on it.
"systemctl stop systemd-journald.socket" will now not take the whole
system down with it.
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Also split out some fileio functions to fileio.c and provide a SELinux
aware pendant in fileio-label.c
see https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=881577
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In commit 246aa6d (core: add bus API and systemctl commands for altering
cgroup parameters during runtime), when rewriting unit_add_one_default_cgroup
to prefered style, the check of strduped b->controller was incorrectly
changed to check the containing structure. Correct it.
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during runtime
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For all unit files foobar.service we will now read
foobar.service.d/*.conf, too. This may be used to override certain unit
settings without having to edit unit files directly.
This makes it really easy to change specific settings for services
without having to edit any unit file:
mkdir /etc/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service.d/
echo -e '[Service]\nNice=99' > /etc/systemd/system/avahi-daemon.service.d/nice.conf
systemctl daemon-reload
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Information which unit a log entry pertains to enables systemctl
status to display more log messages.
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The MESSAGE_ID=... stanza will appear in countless number of places.
It is just too long to write it out in full each time.
Incidentally, this also fixes a typo of MESSSAGE is three places.
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