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Resolves #3534
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"-l" switch (#3827)
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permit bus clients to pin units to avoid automatic GC
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functions (#4019)
Prevents discard-qualifiers warnings when the passed variable was const
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Fixes #3882
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It is useful for clients to be able to read the last CPU usage counter value of
a unit even if the unit is already terminated. Hence, before destroying a
cgroup's cgroup cache the last CPU usage counter and return it if the cgroup is
gone.
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This adds two (privileged) bus calls Ref() and Unref() to the Unit interface.
The two calls may be used by clients to pin a unit into memory, so that various
runtime properties aren't flushed out by the automatic GC. This is necessary
to permit clients to race-freely acquire runtime results (such as process exit
status/code or accumulated CPU time) on successful service termination.
Ref() and Unref() are fully recursive, hence act like the usual reference
counting concept in C. Taking a reference is a privileged operation, as this
allows pinning units into memory which consumes resources.
Transient units may also gain a reference at the time of creation, via the new
AddRef property (that is only defined for transient units at the time of
creation).
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Rework console color setup
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Journald dynamic users
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Dynamic users should be treated like system users, and their logs
should end up in the main system journal.
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Also return the first error, since it's most likely to be interesting.
If unlink fails, symlink will usually return EEXIST.
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The parsing functions for [User]TasksMax were inconsistent. Empty string and
"infinity" were interpreted as no limit for TasksMax but not accepted for
UserTasksMax. Update them so that they're consistent with other knobs.
* Empty string indicates the default value.
* "infinity" indicates no limit.
While at it, replace opencoded (uint64_t) -1 with CGROUP_LIMIT_MAX in TasksMax
handling.
v2: Update empty string to indicate the default value as suggested by Zbigniew
Jędrzejewski-Szmek.
v3: Fixed empty UserTasksMax handling.
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This reverts commit affd7ed1a923b0df8479cff1bd9eafb625fdaa66.
> So it looks like make_console_stdio() has bad side effect. More specifically it
> does a TIOCSCTTY ioctl (via acquire_terminal()) which sees to disturb the
> process which was using/owning the console.
Fixes #3842.
https://bugs.debian.org/834367
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1367766
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This should make it easier to figure things out.
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dbus-daemon does NSS name look-ups in order to enforce its bus policy. This
might dead-lock if an NSS module use wants to use D-Bus for the look-up itself,
like our nss-systemd does. Let's work around this by bypassing bus
communication in the NSS module if we run inside of dbus-daemon. To make this
work we keep a bit of extra state in /run/systemd/dynamic-uid/ so that we don't
have to consult the bus, but can still resolve the names.
Note that the normal codepath continues to be via the bus, so that resolving
works from all mount namespaces and is subject to authentication, as before.
This is a bit dirty, but not too dirty, as dbus daemon is kinda special anyway
for PID 1.
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This adds the boolean RemoveIPC= setting to service, socket, mount and swap
units (i.e. all unit types that may invoke processes). if turned on, and the
unit's user/group is not root, all IPC objects of the user/group are removed
when the service is shut down. The life-cycle of the IPC objects is hence bound
to the unit life-cycle.
This is particularly relevant for units with dynamic users, as it is essential
that no objects owned by the dynamic users survive the service exiting. In
fact, this patch adds code to imply RemoveIPC= if DynamicUser= is set.
In order to communicate the UID/GID of an executed process back to PID 1 this
adds a new "user lookup" socket pair, that is inherited into the forked
processes, and closed before the exec(). This is needed since we cannot do NSS
from PID 1 due to deadlock risks, However need to know the used UID/GID in
order to clean up IPC owned by it if the unit shuts down.
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This makes it easier to discern the relevant and obsolete parts of the vtables,
and in particular helps when comparing introspection data with the actual
vtable definitions.
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Currently, systemd uses either the legacy hierarchies or the unified hierarchy.
When the legacy hierarchies are used, systemd uses a named legacy hierarchy
mounted on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd without any kernel controllers for process
management. Due to the shortcomings in the legacy hierarchy, this involves a
lot of workarounds and complexities.
Because the unified hierarchy can be mounted and used in parallel to legacy
hierarchies, there's no reason for systemd to use a legacy hierarchy for
management even if the kernel resource controllers need to be mounted on legacy
hierarchies. It can simply mount the unified hierarchy under
/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd and use it without affecting other legacy hierarchies.
This disables a significant amount of fragile workaround logics and would allow
using features which depend on the unified hierarchy membership such bpf cgroup
v2 membership test. In time, this would also allow deleting the said
complexities.
This patch updates systemd so that it prefers the unified hierarchy for the
systemd cgroup controller hierarchy when legacy hierarchies are used for kernel
resource controllers.
* cg_unified(@controller) is introduced which tests whether the specific
controller in on unified hierarchy and used to choose the unified hierarchy
code path for process and service management when available. Kernel
controller specific operations remain gated by cg_all_unified().
* "systemd.legacy_systemd_cgroup_controller" kernel argument can be used to
force the use of legacy hierarchy for systemd cgroup controller.
* nspawn: By default nspawn uses the same hierarchies as the host. If
UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY is set to 1, unified hierarchy is used for all. If
0, legacy for all.
* nspawn: arg_unified_cgroup_hierarchy is made an enum and now encodes one of
three options - legacy, only systemd controller on unified, and unified. The
value is passed into mount setup functions and controls cgroup configuration.
* nspawn: Interpretation of SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER to the actual mount
option is moved to mount_legacy_cgroup_hierarchy() so that it can take an
appropriate action depending on the configuration of the host.
v2: - CGroupUnified enum replaces open coded integer values to indicate the
cgroup operation mode.
- Various style updates.
v3: Fixed a bug in detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy() introduced during v2.
v4: Restored legacy container on unified host support and fixed another bug in
detect_unified_cgroup_hierarchy().
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A following patch will update cgroup handling so that the systemd controller
(/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd) can use the unified hierarchy even if the kernel
resource controllers are on the legacy hierarchies. This would require
distinguishing whether all controllers are on cgroup v2 or only the systemd
controller is. In preparation, this patch renames cg_unified() to
cg_all_unified().
This patch doesn't cause any functional changes.
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core: add cgroup CPU controller support on the unified hierarchy
(zj: merging not squashing to make it clear against which upstream this patch was developed.)
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Unfortunately, due to the disagreements in the kernel development community,
CPU controller cgroup v2 support has not been merged and enabling it requires
applying two small out-of-tree kernel patches. The situation is explained in
the following documentation.
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup.git/tree/Documentation/cgroup-v2-cpu.txt?h=cgroup-v2-cpu
While it isn't clear what will happen with CPU controller cgroup v2 support,
there are critical features which are possible only on cgroup v2 such as
buffered write control making cgroup v2 essential for a lot of workloads. This
commit implements systemd CPU controller support on the unified hierarchy so
that users who choose to deploy CPU controller cgroup v2 support can easily
take advantage of it.
On the unified hierarchy, "cpu.weight" knob replaces "cpu.shares" and "cpu.max"
replaces "cpu.cfs_period_us" and "cpu.cfs_quota_us". [Startup]CPUWeight config
options are added with the usual compat translation. CPU quota settings remain
unchanged and apply to both legacy and unified hierarchies.
v2: - Error in man page corrected.
- CPU config application in cgroup_context_apply() refactored.
- CPU accounting now works on unified hierarchy.
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beef up /var/tmp and /tmp handling; set $SERVICE_RESULT/$EXIT_CODE/$EXIT_STATUS on ExecStop= and make sure root/nobody are always resolvable
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Fix 3607
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Without the address the message is not very useful.
Aug 04 23:52:21 rawhide systemd[1]: testlimit.socket: Too many incoming connections (4) from source ::1, dropping connection.
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This fixes an issue during reexec — the count of connections would be lost:
[zbyszek@fedora-rawhide ~]$ systemctl status testlimit.socket | grep Connected
Accepted: 1; Connected: 1
[zbyszek@fedora-rawhide ~]$ sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
[zbyszek@fedora-rawhide ~]$ systemctl status testlimit.socket | grep Connected
Accepted: 1; Connected: 0
With the patch, Connected count is preserved.
Also add "Accept Socket" to the dump output for services.
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Make functions and definitions that don't need to be shared local to
socket.c.
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This adds parse_nice() that parses a nice level and ensures it is in the right
range, via a new nice_is_valid() helper. It then ports over a number of users
to this.
No functional changes.
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Previously, the result value of a unit was overriden with each failure that
took place, so that the result always reported the last failure that took
place.
With this commit this is changed, so that the first failure taking place is
stored instead. This should normally not matter much as multiple failures are
sufficiently uncommon. However, it improves one behaviour: if we send SIGABRT
to a service due to a watchdog timeout, then this currently would be reported
as "coredump" failure, rather than the "watchodg" failure it really is. Hence,
in order to report information about the type of the failure, and not about
the effect of it, let's change this from all unit type to store the first, not
the last failure.
This addresses the issue pointed out here:
https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/3818#discussion_r73433520
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ExecStop=/ExecStopPost= commands
This should simplify monitoring tools for services, by passing the most basic
information about service result/exit information via environment variables,
thus making it unnecessary to retrieve them explicitly via the bus.
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Let's fix up the flags fields in service_spawn() rather than its callers, in
order to simplify things a bit.
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The ExecParameters structure contains a number of bit-flags, that were so far
exposed as bool:1, change this to a proper, single binary bit flag field. This
makes things a bit more expressive, and is helpful as we add more flags, since
these booleans are passed around in various callers, for example
service_spawn(), whose signature can be made much shorter now.
Not all bit booleans from ExecParameters are moved into the flags field for
now, but this can be added later.
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allow transient mounts and automounts
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This permits CPUQuota to accept greater values as documented.
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This setting adds minimal user namespacing support to a service. When set the invoked
processes will run in their own user namespace. Only a trivial mapping will be
set up: the root user/group is mapped to root, and the user/group of the
service will be mapped to itself, everything else is mapped to nobody.
If this setting is used the service runs with no capabilities on the host, but
configurable capabilities within the service.
This setting is particularly useful in conjunction with RootDirectory= as the
need to synchronize /etc/passwd and /etc/group between the host and the service
OS tree is reduced, as only three UID/GIDs need to match: root, nobody and the
user of the service itself. But even outside the RootDirectory= case this
setting is useful to substantially reduce the attack surface of a service.
Example command to test this:
systemd-run -p PrivateUsers=1 -p User=foobar -t /bin/sh
This runs a shell as user "foobar". When typing "ps" only processes owned by
"root", by "foobar", and by "nobody" should be visible.
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interesting data
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This way, invoking nspawn from a shell in the best case inherits the TERM
setting all the way down into the login shell spawned in the container.
Fixes: #3697
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Introduce MaxConnectionsPerSource= that is number of concurrent
connections allowed per IP.
RFE: 1939
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