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Sync with user_bus_path() in logind-user-dbus.c
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clang FTW!
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Unfortunately on ARM-32 systems dev_t can be 64bit and thus we cannot
store it easily in void* keys for hashtables. Fix that by passing a
pointer to the dev_t variable instead.
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This enables the multi-session capability for seats that don't have VTs.
For legacy seats with VTs, everything stays the same. However, all other
seats now also get the multi-session capability.
The only feature that was missing was session-switching. As logind can
force a session-switch and signal that via the "Active" property, we only
need a way to allow synchronized/delayed session switches. Compositors
need to cleanup some devices before acknowledging the session switch.
Therefore, we use the session-devices to give compositors a chance to
block a session-switch until they cleaned everything up.
If you activate a session on a seat without VTs, we send a PauseDevice
signal to the active session for every active device. Only once the
session acknowledged all these with a PauseDeviceComplete() call, we
perform the final session switch.
One important note is that delayed session-switching is meant for
backwards compatibility. New compositors or other sessions should really
try to deal correctly with forced session switches! They only need to
handle EACCES/EPERM from syscalls and treat them as "PauseDevice" signal.
Following logind patches will add a timeout to session-switches which
forces the switch if the active session does not react in a timely
fashion. Moreover, explicit ForceActivate() calls might also be supported.
Hence, sessions must not crash if their devices get paused.
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A session-device is a device that is bound to a seat and used by a
session-controller to run the session. This currently includes DRM, fbdev
and evdev devices. A session-device can be created via RequestDevice() on
the dbus API of the session. You can drop it via ReleaseDevice() again.
Once the session is destroyed or you drop control of the session, all
session-devices are automatically destroyed.
Session devices follow the session "active" state. A device can be
active/running or inactive/paused. Whenever a session is not the active
session, no session-device of it can be active. That is, if a session is
not in foreground, all session-devices are paused.
Whenever a session becomes active, all devices are resumed/activated by
logind. If it fails, a device may stay paused.
With every session-device you request, you also get a file-descriptor
back. logind keeps a copy of this fd and uses kernel specific calls to
pause/resume the file-descriptors. For example, a DRM fd is muted
by logind as long as a given session is not active. Hence, the fd of the
application is also muted. Once the session gets active, logind unmutes
the fd and the application will get DRM access again.
This, however, requires kernel support. DRM devices provide DRM-Master for
synchronization, evdev devices have EVIOCREVOKE (pending on
linux-input-ML). fbdev devices do not provide such synchronization methods
(and never will).
Note that for evdev devices, we call EVIOCREVOKE once a session gets
inactive. However, this cannot be undone (the fd is still valid but mostly
unusable). So we reopen a new fd once the session is activated and send it
together with the ResumeDevice() signal.
With this infrastructure in place, compositors can now run without
CAP_SYS_ADMIN (that is, without being root). They use RequestControl() to
acquire a session and listen for devices via udev_monitor. For every
device they want to open, they call RequestDevice() on logind. This
returns a fd which they can use now. They no longer have to open the
devices themselves or call any privileged ioctls. This is all done by
logind.
Session-switches are still bound to VTs. Hence, compositors will get
notified via the usual VT mechanisms and can cleanup their state. Once the
VT switch is acknowledged as usual, logind will get notified via sysfs and
pause the old-session's devices and resume the devices of the new session.
To allow using this infrastructure with systems without VTs, we provide
notification signals. logind sends PauseDevice("force") dbus signals to
the current session controller for every device that it pauses. And it
sends ResumeDevice signals for every device that it resumes. For
seats with VTs this is sent _after_ the VT switch is acknowledged. Because
the compositor already acknowledged that it cleaned-up all devices.
However, for seats without VTs, this is used to notify the active
compositor that the session is about to be deactivated. That is, logind
sends PauseDevice("force") for each active device and then performs the
session-switch. The session-switch changes the "Active" property of the
session which can be monitored by the compositor. The new session is
activated and the ResumeDevice events are sent.
For seats without VTs, this is a forced session-switch. As this is not
backwards-compatible (xserver actually crashes, weston drops the related
devices, ..) we also provide an acknowledged session-switch. Note that
this is never used for sessions with VTs. You use the acknowledged
VT-switch on these seats.
An acknowledged session switch sends PauseDevice("pause") instead of
PauseDevice("force") to the active session. It schedules a short timeout
and waits for the session to acknowledge each of them with
PauseDeviceComplete(). Once all are acknowledged, or the session ran out
of time, a PauseDevice("force") is sent for all remaining active devices
and the session switch is performed.
Note that this is only partially implemented, yet, as we don't allow
multi-session without VTs, yet. A follow up commit will hook it up and
implemented the acknowledgements+timeout.
The implementation is quite simple. We use major/minor exclusively to
identify devices on the bus. On RequestDevice() we retrieve the
udev_device from the major/minor and search for an existing "Device"
object. If no exists, we create it. This guarantees us that we are
notified whenever the device changes seats or is removed.
We create a new SessionDevice object and link it to the related Session
and Device. Session->devices is a hashtable to lookup SessionDevice
objects via major/minor. Device->session_devices is a linked list so we
can release all linked session-devices once a device vanishes.
Now we only have to hook this up in seat_set_active() so we correctly
change device states during session-switches. As mentioned earlier, these
are forced state-changes as VTs are currently used exclusively for
multi-session implementations.
Everything else are hooks to release all session-devices once the
controller changes or a session is closed or removed.
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Without a call to log_parse_environment(), things
like SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL do not work.
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We currently use seat_can_multi_session() to test for two things:
* whether the seat can handle session-switching
* whether the seat has VTs
As both are currently logically equivalent, we didn't care. However, we
want to allow session-switching on seats without VTs, so split this helper
into:
* seat_can_multi_session(): whether session-switching is supported
* seat_has_vts(): whether the seat has VTs
Note that only one seat on a system can have VTs. There is only one set of
them. We automatically assign them to seat0 as usual.
With this patch in place, we can easily add new session-switching/tracking
methods without breaking any VT code as it is now protected by has_vts(),
no longer by can_multi_session().
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VT numbers start with 1. If a session has vtnr == 0, we must not assume it
is running on a VT.
Note that this could trigger the assert() below as CreateSession() sets
vtnr to 0, not <0.
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A seat provides text-logins if it has VTs. This is always limited to seat0
so the seat_is_seat0() check is correct. However, if VTs are disabled, no
seat provides text-logins so we also need to check for the console-fd.
This was previously:
return seat_is_vtconsole();
It looked right, but was functionally equivalent to seat_is_seat0(). The
rename of this helper made it more obvious that it is missing the VT test.
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The seat->vtconsole member always points to the default seat seat0. Even
if VTs are disabled, it's used as default seat. Therefore, rename it to
seat0 to correctly state what it is.
This also changes the seat files in /run from IS_VTCONSOLE to IS_SEAT0. It
wasn't used by any code, yet, so this seems fine.
While we are at it, we also remove every "if (s->vtconsole)" as this
pointer is always valid!
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Currently, Activate() calls chvt(), which does an ioctl(VT_ACTIVATE) and
immediately calls seat_set_active(). However, VTs are allowed to prevent
being deactivated. Therefore, logind cannot be sure the VT_ACTIVATE call
was actually successful.
Furthermore, compositors often need to clean up their devices before they
acknowledge the VT switch. The immediate call to seat_set_active() may
modify underlying ACLs, though. Thus, some compositors may fail cleaning
up their stuff. Moreover, the compositor being switched to (if listening
to logind instead of VTs) will not be able to activate its devices if the
old VT still has them active.
We could simply add an VT_WAITACTIVE call, which blocks until the given VT
is active. However, this can block forever if the compositor hangs.
So to fix this, we make Activate() lazy. That is, it only schedules a
session-switch but does not wait for it to complete. The caller can no
longer rely on it being immediate. Instead, a caller is required to wait
for the PropertiesChanged signal and read the "Active" field.
We could make Activate() wait asynchronously for the session-switch to
complete and then send the return-message afterwards. However, this would
add a lot of state-tracking with no real gain:
1) Sessions normally don't care whether Activate() was actually
successful as they currently _must_ wait for the VT activation to do
anything for real.
2) Error messages for failed session switches can be printed by logind
instead of the session issuing Activate().
3) Sessions that require synchronous Activate() calls can simply issue
the call and then wait for "Active" properties to change. This also
allows them to implement their own timeout.
This change prepares for multi-session on seats without VTs. Forced VT
switches are always bad as compositors cannot perform any cleanup. This
isn't strictly required, but may lead to loss of information and ambiguous
error messages.
So for multi-session on seats without VTs, we must wait for the current
session to clean-up before finalizing the session-switch. This requires
Activate() to be lazy as we cannot block here.
Note that we can always implement a timeout which allows us to guarantee
the session switch to happen. Nevertheless, this calls for a lazy
Activate().
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A session usually has only a single compositor or other application that
controls graphics and input devices on it. To avoid multiple applications
from hijacking each other's devices or even using the devices in parallel,
we add session controllers.
A session controller is an application that manages a session. Specific
API calls may be limited to controllers to avoid others from getting
unprivileged access to restricted resources. A session becomes a
controller by calling the RequestControl() dbus API call. It can drop it
via ReleaseControl().
logind tracks bus-names to release the controller once an application
closes the bus. We use the new bus-name tracking to do that. Note that
during ReleaseControl() we need to check whether some other session also
tracks the name before we remove it from the bus-name tracking list.
Currently, we only allow one controller at a time. However, the public API
does not enforce this restriction. So if it makes sense, we can allow
multiple controllers in parallel later. Or we can add a "scope" parameter,
which allows a different controller for graphics-devices, sound-devices
and whatever you want.
Note that currently you get -EBUSY if there is already a controller. You
can force the RequestControl() call (root-only) to drop the current
controller and recover the session during an emergency. To recover a seat,
this is not needed, though. You can simply create a new session or
force-activate it.
To become a session controller, a dbus caller must either be root or the
same user as the user of the session. This allows us to run a session
compositor as user and we no longer need any CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
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If we want to track bus-names to allow exclusive resource-access, we need
a way to get notified when a bus-name is gone. We make logind watch for
NameOwnerChanged dbus events and check whether the name is currently
watched. If it is, we remove it from the watch-list (notification for
other objects can be added in follow-up patches).
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Session compositors need access to fbdev, DRM and evdev devices if they
control a session. To make logind pass them to sessions, we need to
listen for them actively.
However, we avoid creating new seats for non master-of-seat devices. Only
once a seat is created, we start remembering all other session devices. If
the last master-device is removed (even if there are other non-master
devices still available), we destroy the seat. This is the current
behavior, but we need to explicitly implement it now as there may be
non-master devices in the seat->devices list.
Unlike master devices, we don't care whether our list of non-master
devices is complete. We don't export this list but use it only as cache if
sessions request these devices. Hence, if a session requests a device that
is not in the list, we will simply look it up. However, once a session
requested a device, we must be notified of "remove" udev events. So we
must link the devices somehow into the device-list.
Regarding the implementation, we now sort the device list by the "master"
flag. This guarantees that master devices are at the front and non-master
devices at the tail of the list. Thus, we can easily test whether a seat
has a master device attached.
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Only ASCII letters and digits are allowed.
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systemd-logind will start user@.service. user@.service unit uses
PAM with service name 'systemd-user' to perform account and session
managment tasks. Previously, the name was 'systemd-shared', it is
now changed to 'systemd-user'.
Most PAM installations use one common setup for different callers.
Based on a quick poll, distributions fall into two camps: those that
have system-auth (Redhat, Fedora, CentOS, Arch, Gentoo, Mageia,
Mandriva), and those that have common-auth (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE).
Distributions that have system-auth have just one configuration file
that contains auth, password, account, and session blocks, and
distributions that have common-auth also have common-session,
common-password, and common-account. It is thus impossible to use one
configuration file which would work for everybody. systemd-user now
refers to system-auth, because it seems that the approach with one
file is more popular and also easier, so let's follow that.
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The VT number was already part of the DBus API, but was not
exposed in the C API.
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bash ignores SIGTERM, and can only be terminated cleanly via SIGHUP.
Hence make sure that we the scope unit for the session is created with
SendSIGHUP enabled.
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reply
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67273
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https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=67273
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Simplify by using FOREACH_DIRENT and _cleanup_closedir_ macros.
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Based on a patch by Kay Sievers.
When a dead device nodes is tagged with "uaccess" using the static_node mechanism,
it's ACL's are managed by logind in the same way as "live" device nodes.
This allows in particular /dev/snd/{seq,timer} to cause modules to be loaded
on-demand when accessed by a non-privileged user.
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Based on a patch by Kay Sievers.
A tag is exported at boot as a symlinks to the device node in the folder
/run/udev/static_node-tags/<tagname>/, if the device node exists.
These tags are cleaned up by udevadm info --cleanup-db, but are otherwise
never removed.
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https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=55248
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same for machinectl
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Same for machinectl.
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As we want to centralized cgroup access we should stop killing the user
sessions directly from the systemd-user-sessions service. Instead, rely
on PID 1 doing this by adding the right ordering dependencies to the
session scope units.
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client that wants to register the session
Otherwise we'll hanging for the job to finish without any job existing.
Similar, for machined.
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When PID 1 reloads the units logind/machined will see UnitRemoved
signals for all units. Instead of trusting these immediately, let's
check the actual unit state before considering a unit gone, so that
reloading PID 1 is not mistaken as the end of all sessions.
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The tests check if the tables have entries for all values
in the enum, and that the entries are unique.
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correctly
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Embedded folks don't need the machine registration stuff, hence it's
nice to make this optional. Also, I'd expect that machinectl will grow
additional commands quickly, for example to join existing containers and
suchlike, hence it's better keeping that separate from loginctl.
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In order to prepare things for the single-writer cgroup scheme, let's
make logind use systemd's own primitives for cgroup management.
Every login user now gets his own private slice unit, in which his sessions
live in a scope unit each. Also, add user@$UID.service to the same
slice, and implicitly start it on first login.
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Replace the very generic cgroup hookup with a much simpler one. With
this change only the high-level cgroup settings remain, the ability to
set arbitrary cgroup attributes is removed, so is support for adding
units to arbitrary cgroup controllers or setting arbitrary paths for
them (especially paths that are different for the various controllers).
This also introduces a new -.slice root slice, that is the parent of
system.slice and friends. This enables easy admin configuration of
root-level cgrouo properties.
This replaces DeviceDeny= by DevicePolicy=, and implicitly adds in
/dev/null, /dev/zero and friends if DeviceAllow= is used (unless this is
turned off by DevicePolicy=).
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/run/systemd/machines/
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