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Make ALSA entries, latency interface, mtrr, apm/acpi, suspend interface,
filesystems configuration and IRQ tuning readonly.
Most of these interfaces now days should be in /sys but they are still
available through /proc, so just protect them. This patch does not touch
/proc/net/...
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Move out mount calculation on its own function. Actually the logic is
smart enough to later drop nop and duplicates mounts, this change
improves code readability.
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src/core/namespace.c | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
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Instead of having all these paths everywhere, put the ones that are
protected by ProtectKernelTunables= into their own table. This way it
is easy to add paths and track which ones are protected.
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While we are at it, move PAM code #ifdeffery into setup_pam() to simplify the
main execution logic a bit.
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There's no point in mounting these, if they are outside of the root directory
we'll move to.
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If device access is restricted via PrivateDevices=, let's also block the
various low-level I/O syscalls at the same time, so that we know that the
minimal set of devices in our virtualized /dev are really everything the unit
can access.
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already is one
Let's not stack mounts needlessly.
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This adds logic to chase symlinks for all mount points that shall be created in
a namespace environment in userspace, instead of leaving this to the kernel.
This has the advantage that we can correctly handle absolute symlinks that
shall be taken relative to a specific root directory. Moreover, we can properly
handle mounts created on symlinked files or directories as we can merge their
mounts as necessary.
(This also drops the "done" flag in the namespace logic, which was never
actually working, but was supposed to permit a partial rollback of the
namespace logic, which however is only mildly useful as it wasn't clear in
which case it would or would not be able to roll back.)
Fixes: #3867
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Let's create the new namespace only after we validated and processed all
parameters, right before we start with actually mounting things.
This way, the window where we can roll back is larger (not that it matters
IRL...)
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If PrivateDevices=yes is set, the namespace code creates device nodes in /dev
that should be owned by the host's root, hence let's make sure we set up the
namespace before dropping group privileges.
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LXC does this, and we should probably too. Better safe than sorry.
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Let's make sure that services that use DynamicUser=1 cannot leave files in the
file system should the system accidentally have a world-writable directory
somewhere.
This effectively ensures that directories need to be whitelisted rather than
blacklisted for access when DynamicUser=1 is set.
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Let's tighten our sandbox a bit more: with this change ProtectSystem= gains a
new setting "strict". If set, the entire directory tree of the system is
mounted read-only, but the API file systems /proc, /dev, /sys are excluded
(they may be managed with PrivateDevices= and ProtectKernelTunables=). Also,
/home and /root are excluded as those are left for ProtectHome= to manage.
In this mode, all "real" file systems (i.e. non-API file systems) are mounted
read-only, and specific directories may only be excluded via
ReadWriteDirectories=, thus implementing an effective whitelist instead of
blacklist of writable directories.
While we are at, also add /efi to the list of paths always affected by
ProtectSystem=. This is a follow-up for
b52a109ad38cd37b660ccd5394ff5c171a5e5355 which added /efi as alternative for
/boot. Our namespacing logic should respect that too.
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Previously, if ReadWritePaths= was nested inside a ReadOnlyPaths=
specification, then we'd first recursively apply the ReadOnlyPaths= paths, and
make everything below read-only, only in order to then flip the read-only bit
again for the subdirs listed in ReadWritePaths= below it.
This is not only ugly (as for the dirs in question we first turn on the RO bit,
only to turn it off again immediately after), but also problematic in
containers, where a container manager might have marked a set of dirs read-only
and this code will undo this is ReadWritePaths= is set for any.
With this patch behaviour in this regard is altered: ReadOnlyPaths= will not be
applied to the children listed in ReadWritePaths= in the first place, so that
we do not need to turn off the RO bit for those after all.
This means that ReadWritePaths=/ReadOnlyPaths= may only be used to turn on the
RO bit, but never to turn it off again. Or to say this differently: if some
dirs are marked read-only via some external tool, then ReadWritePaths= will not
undo it.
This is not only the safer option, but also more in-line with what the man page
currently claims:
"Entries (files or directories) listed in ReadWritePaths= are
accessible from within the namespace with the same access rights as
from outside."
To implement this change bind_remount_recursive() gained a new "blacklist"
string list parameter, which when passed may contain subdirs that shall be
excluded from the read-only mounting.
A number of functions are updated to add more debug logging to make this more
digestable.
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If /foo is marked to be read-only, and /foo/bar too, then the latter may be
suppressed as it has no effect.
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Implicitly make all dirs set with RuntimeDirectory= writable, as the concept
otherwise makes no sense.
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This adds a new call get_user_creds_clean(), which is just like
get_user_creds() but returns NULL in the home/shell parameters if they contain
no useful information. This code previously lived in execute.c, but by
generalizing this we can reuse it in run.c.
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If a dir is marked to be inaccessible then everything below it should be masked
by it.
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ProtectControlGroups=
If enabled, these will block write access to /sys, /proc/sys and
/proc/sys/fs/cgroup.
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Let's make sure that all our rules apply to all archs the local kernel
supports.
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While an interface is still being processed by udev, it is in state "pending",
instead of "unmanaged". We must not flush device configuration then.
Further fixes commit 3104883ddc24 after commit c436d55397.
Fixes #4186
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Replaces #4103.
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Fix journal hmac calculation.
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configuration files (#4205)
Currently, systemd-sysctl command configures kernel parameters in each sysctl
configuration files in random order due to characteristics of iterator of
Hashmap.
However, kernel parameters need to be configured in the order they occur in
each sysctl configuration files.
- For example, consider fs.suid_coredump and kernel.core_pattern. If
fs.suid_coredump=2 is configured before kernel.core_pattern= whose default
value is "core", then kernel outputs the following message:
Unsafe core_pattern used with suid_dumpable=2. Pipe handler or fully qualified core dump path required.
Note that the security issue mentioned in this message has already been fixed
on recent kernels, so this is just a warning message on such kernels. But
it's still confusing to users that this message is output on some boot and
not output on another boot.
- I don't know but there could be other kernel parameters that are significant
in the order they are configured.
- The legacy sysctl command configures kernel parameters in the order they
occur in each sysctl configuration files. Although I didn't find any official
specification explaining this behavior of sysctl command, I don't think there
is any meaningful reason to change this behavior, in particular, to the
random one.
This commit does the change by simply using OrderedHashmap instead of Hashmap.
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This commit is a minor tweak after the split of `--share-system`, decoupling the `--boot`
option from IPC namespacing.
Historically there has been a single `--share-system` option for sharing IPC/PID/UTS with the
host, which was incompatible with boot/pid1 mode. After the split, it is now possible to express
the requirements with better granularity.
For reference, this is a followup to #4023 which contains references to previous discussions.
I realized too late that CLONE_NEWIPC is not strictly needed for boot mode.
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Since commit 5996c7c295e073ce21d41305169132c8aa993ad0 (v190 !), the
calculation of the HMAC is broken because the hash for a data object
including a field is done in the wrong order: the field object is
hashed before the data object is.
However during verification, the hash is done in the opposite order as
objects are scanned sequentially.
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We shouldn't silently fail when appending the tag to a journal file
since FSS protection will simply be disabled in this case.
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Further discussion showed that this better gets addressed at the packaging
level.
This reverts commit 34210af7c63640fca1fd4a09fc23b01a8cd70bf3.
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Network file dropins
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If Kind is not specied, the message about "Invalid Kind" was misleading.
If Kind was specified in an invalid way, we get a message in the parsing
phase anyway. Reword the message to cover both cases better.
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This way we don't have to create a nulstr just to unpack it in a moment.
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In preparation for adding a version which takes a strv.
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Fixes #3655.
[zj: Fix the tests.]
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The key used to be jammed next to the local file path. Based on the format string on line 1675, I determined that the order of arguments was written incorrectly, and updated the function based on that assumption.
Before:
```
Please write down the following secret verification key. It should be stored
at a safe location and should not be saved locally on disk.
/var/log/journal/9b47c1a5b339412887a197b7654673a7/fss8f66d6-f0a998-f782d0-1fe522/18fdb8-35a4e900
The sealing key is automatically changed every 15min.
```
After:
```
Please write down the following secret verification key. It should be stored
at a safe location and should not be saved locally on disk.
d53ed4-cc43d6-284e10-8f0324/18fdb8-35a4e900
The sealing key is automatically changed every 15min.
```
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condition: ignore nanoseconds in timestamps for ConditionNeedsUpdate=
Fixes #4130.
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When a docker container is confined with AppArmor [1] and happens to run
on top of a kernel that supports mount mediation [2], e.g. any Ubuntu
kernel, mount(2) returns EACCES instead of EPERM. This then leads to:
systemd-logind[33]: Failed to mount per-user tmpfs directory /run/user/1000: Permission denied
login[42]: pam_systemd(login:session): Failed to create session: Access denied
and user sessions don't start.
This also applies to selinux that too returns EACCES on mount denial.
[1] https://github.com/docker/docker/blob/master/docs/security/apparmor.md#understand-the-policies
[2] http://bazaar.launchpad.net/~apparmor-dev/apparmor/master/view/head:/kernel-patches/4.7/0025-UBUNTU-SAUCE-apparmor-Add-the-ability-to-mediate-mou.patch
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