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With the advent of systemd --user sessions, it's become very interesting to spawn X as a user unit, as well as accompanying processes that may have previously been in a .xinitrc/.xsession, or even just to replace a collection of XDG/GDM/KDM/etc session files with independent systemd --user units. The simplest case here would be to login on a tty, with the traditional /usr/sbin/login "login manager".
However, systemd --user (spawned by user@.service) is at the top level of the slice for the user, and does not inherit any environment variables from the login process. Given the number of common applications which rely on SHELL being set in the environment, it seems like the cleanest way to provide this variable is to set it to %s in the user@.service.
Ideally in the long-term, applications which rely on SHELL being set should be fixed to just grab it from getpwnam() or similar, but until that becomes more common, I propose this simple change to make user sessions a little bit nicer out of the box.
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This service was merged with systemd-random-seed-save.service in
c35b956d34bbb8bb208e49e45de2c103ca11911c.
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ControlGroup= is obsolete, so let's drop it from the default nspawn unit
file.
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systemd-logind will start user@.service. user@.service unit uses
PAM with service name 'systemd-user' to perform account and session
managment tasks. Previously, the name was 'systemd-shared', it is
now changed to 'systemd-user'.
Most PAM installations use one common setup for different callers.
Based on a quick poll, distributions fall into two camps: those that
have system-auth (Redhat, Fedora, CentOS, Arch, Gentoo, Mageia,
Mandriva), and those that have common-auth (Debian, Ubuntu, OpenSUSE).
Distributions that have system-auth have just one configuration file
that contains auth, password, account, and session blocks, and
distributions that have common-auth also have common-session,
common-password, and common-account. It is thus impossible to use one
configuration file which would work for everybody. systemd-user now
refers to system-auth, because it seems that the approach with one
file is more popular and also easier, so let's follow that.
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This means we can use default dependencies on mount units without having to get them automatically
ordered before the filesystem targets.
Reported-by: Thomas Baechler <thomas@archlinux.org>
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Fixes errors seen when booting VMs on QEMU like
systemd[1]: kmod-static-nodes.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=203/EXEC
systemd[1]: Failed to start Create list of required static device nodes for the current kernel.
systemd[1]: Unit kmod-static-nodes.service entered failed state.
Make sure that mknod capability is available
Signed-off-by: Khem Raj <raj.khem@gmail.com>
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Fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=998122.
Note: upstream kmod has a patch [1] to exit with a warning if
modules.devname is missing. We could use new %v specifier to make this
service conditional on the existence of this file, but this could
mask a kernel installation error, hence we should let kmod run
even if the file doesn't exist.
[1] http://git.kernel.org/cgit/utils/kernel/kmod/kmod.git/commit/?id=ae17710117
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Without this, fsck would be re-run if any other service which pulls
in a target requiring one of the mounts was started after fsck was done
but before the initial transaction was done.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=66784
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This makes the description string of the backlight service a bit nicer.
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As many laptops don't save/restore screen brightness across reboots,
let's do this in systemd with a minimal tool, that restores the
brightness as early as possible, and saves it as late as possible. This
will cover consoles and graphical logins, but graphical desktops should
do their own per-user stuff probably.
This only touches firmware brightness controls for now.
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This is useful to fake session ends for processes like shells.
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Fixes Arch Linux bug: https://bugs.archlinux.org/task/36259
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Without this, tmpfiles-setpu-dev would be re-run if any other service,
which pulls in basic.target, was started after setup-dev was finished
and before basic.target was active.
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dracut uses systemd in the initramfs and does not write these files
anymore.
The state of the root fsck is serialized.
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Since a long while we can use "systemctl enable getty@tty1.service"
which does the right thing, so there's no need to abuse Alias=
for installation.
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[Install] section in it
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As of kmod v14, it is possible to export the static node information from
/lib/modules/`uname -r`/modules.devname in tmpfiles.d(5) format.
Use this functionality to let systemd-tmpfilesd create the static device nodes
at boot, and drop the functionality from systemd-udevd.
As an effect of this we can move from systemd-udevd to systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev:
* the conditional CAP_MKNOD (replaced by checking if /sys is mounted rw)
* ordering before local-fs-pre.target (see 89d09e1b5c65a2d97840f682e0932c8bb499f166)
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We should probably work around it, until it is sorted out.
http://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=14728
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Embedded folks don't need the machine registration stuff, hence it's
nice to make this optional. Also, I'd expect that machinectl will grow
additional commands quickly, for example to join existing containers and
suchlike, hence it's better keeping that separate from loginctl.
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In order to prepare things for the single-writer cgroup scheme, let's
make logind use systemd's own primitives for cgroup management.
Every login user now gets his own private slice unit, in which his sessions
live in a scope unit each. Also, add user@$UID.service to the same
slice, and implicitly start it on first login.
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Replace the very generic cgroup hookup with a much simpler one. With
this change only the high-level cgroup settings remain, the ability to
set arbitrary cgroup attributes is removed, so is support for adding
units to arbitrary cgroup controllers or setting arbitrary paths for
them (especially paths that are different for the various controllers).
This also introduces a new -.slice root slice, that is the parent of
system.slice and friends. This enables easy admin configuration of
root-level cgrouo properties.
This replaces DeviceDeny= by DevicePolicy=, and implicitly adds in
/dev/null, /dev/zero and friends if DeviceAllow= is used (unless this is
turned off by DevicePolicy=).
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- This changes all logind cgroup objects to use slice objects rather
than fixed croup locations.
- logind can now collect minimal information about running
VMs/containers. As fixed cgroup locations can no longer be used we
need an entity that keeps track of machine cgroups in whatever slice
they might be located. Since logind already keeps track of users,
sessions and seats this is a trivial addition.
- nspawn will now register with logind and pass various bits of metadata
along. A new option "--slice=" has been added to place the container
in a specific slice.
- loginctl gained commands to list, introspect and terminate machines.
- user.slice and machine.slice will now be pulled in by logind.service,
since only logind.service requires this slice.
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* baud rate is optional and unnecessary for virtual terminals
* term type is optional (default is 'linux' for virtual terminals
and 'vt102' for serial lines)
* long options are more user-friendly
... all this is supported since util-linux v2.20 (Aug 2011).
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With this change systemd-update-utmp-shutdown.service is replaced by
systemd-update-utmp.service which is started at boot and stays around
until shutdown. This allows us to properly order the unit against both
/var/log and auditd.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=853104
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=64365
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That way ordering it with MountsRequiredFor= works properly, as this no
longer results in mount units start requests to be added to the shutdown
transaction that conflict with stop requests for the same unit.
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The description field is only displayed by systemctl, and
it can't expand %u properly (it will always display "root").
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running containers as system services
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This is really just a special case of systemd-tmpfiles-setup, moreover it could easily create more than static nodes.
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Especially slower systems need more than 10s for starting the session,
so let's bump this to 30s.
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Since v183, the contents of /usr/lib/udev/devices is no longer copied to /dev
on boot, rather systemd-tmpfiles should be used instead. However, as
systemd-tmpfiles --create is only ran long after udevd has been started, it is
no longer possible to use udev rules to assign permissions to the static nodes.
This calls systemd-tmpfiles --create early, before udev is started, and
restricts the call to /dev, which is known to be mounted already.
In the future, this could also take over the creation of static device nodes
from systemd-udevd.
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This patch changes local-fs.target and systemd-fsck to not use
"isolate" when going into emergency.
This fixes https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=810722
The motivation is, that when something wents wrong, we should
keep everything as it is, to let the user fix the problem. When
isolating we stop a lot of services and therefore change the
system heavily so that it gets harder for the user to fix.
An example is a crypted partition. When the fsck in a crypted
partition fails, it previously used "emergency/start/isolate"
which stops cryptsetup. Therefore if the user tries to fsck
e.g. /dev/mapper/luks-356c20ae-c7a2-4f1c-ae1d-1d290a91b691
as printed by the failing fsck, then it will not find this
device (because it got closed).
So please apply this patch to let the user see the failing
situation.
Thanks!
[zj: removed dead isolate param from start_target().]
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=49463
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=810722
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...
Activating default unit: default.target
Default target could not be isolated, starting instead: Operation refused, unit may not be isolated.
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https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=787314
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As passive units only are useful for ordering things within the initial
transaction there is no point in ever activating them manually, hence
refuse it.
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basic.target
There isn't really any need to require any targets but sysinit.target
from basic.target, so downgrade sockets.target, paths.target,
timers.target.
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Units such as nss-lookup.target, nss-user-lookup.target,
remote-fs-pre.target, local-fs-pre.target, time-sync.target,
rpcbind.target are to be pulled in by the implementing services, and
that's there only purpose. They should not have any 'active component'
otherwise, so let's drop all further deps from these units.
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