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systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
Among other things, order both services relative to
systemd-sysusers.service in the same direction.
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With this in place RPMs can make sure that whatever they drop in is
immeidately applied, and not delayed until next reboot.
This also moves systemd-sysusers back to /usr/bin, since hardcoding the
path to /usr/lib in the macros would mean compatibility breaks in
future, should we turn sysusers into a command that is actually OK for
people to call directly. And given that that is quite likely to happen
(since it is useful to prepare images with its --root= switch), let's
just prepare for it.
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Only when necessary of course, nicely guarded with the new
ConditionNeedsUpdate= condition we added.
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This new condition allows checking whether /etc or /var are out-of-date
relative to /usr. This is the counterpart for the update flag managed by
systemd-update-done.service. Services that want to be started once after
/usr got updated should use:
[Unit]
ConditionNeedsUpdate=/etc
Before=systemd-update-done.service
This makes sure that they are only run if /etc is out-of-date relative
to /usr. And that it will be executed after systemd-update-done.service
which is responsible for marking /etc up-to-date relative to the current
/usr.
ConditionNeedsUpdate= will also checks whether /etc is actually
writable, and not trigger if it isn't, since no update is possible then.
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/usr has changed
In order to support offline updates to /usr, we need to be able to run
certain tasks on next boot-up to bring /etc and /var in line with the
updated /usr. Hence, let's devise a mechanism how we can detect whether
/etc or /var are not up-to-date with /usr anymore: we keep "touch
files" in /etc/.updated and /var/.updated that are mtime-compared with
/usr. This means:
Whenever the vendor OS tree in /usr is updated, and any services that
shall be executed at next boot shall be triggered, it is sufficient to
update the mtime of /usr itself. At next boot, if /etc/.updated and/or
/var/.updated is older than than /usr (or missing), we know we have to
run the update tools once. After that is completed we need to update the
mtime of these files to the one of /usr, to keep track that we made the
necessary updates, and won't repeat them on next reboot.
A subsequent commit adds a new ConditionNeedsUpdate= condition that
allows checking on boot whether /etc or /var are outdated and need
updating.
This is an early step to allow booting up with an empty /etc, with
automatic rebuilding of the necessary cache files or user databases
therein, as well as supporting later updates of /usr that then propagate
to /etc and /var again.
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We install two sysctl snippets ourselves, hence the condition will
always trigger, so no point in tryng to optimize things with this, it
just will make things slower, if anything.
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There's no point in conditionalizing systemd-tmpfiles at boot, since we
ship tmpfiles snippets ourselves, hence they will always trigger anyway.
Also, there's no reason to pull in local-fs.target from the service,
hence drop that.
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There might be implementations around where the network-online logic
might not talk to any network configuration service (and thus not have
to wait for it), hence let's explicitly order network-online.target
after network.target to avoid any ambiguities.
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network-pre.target is a passive target that should be pulled in by
services that want to be executed before any network is configured (for
example: firewall scrips).
network-pre.target should be ordered before all network managemet
services (but not be pulled in by them).
network-pre.target should be order after all services that want to be
executed before any network is configured (and be pulled in by them).
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After all, that's what we document for time-sync.target in
systemd.special(5), hence let's follow our own suggestion.
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also mounting /etc read-only
Also, rename ProtectedHome= to ProtectHome=, to simplify things a bit.
With this in place we now have two neat options ProtectSystem= and
ProtectHome= for protecting the OS itself (and optionally its
configuration), and for protecting the user's data.
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With this change we have no fifos/sockets remaining in /dev.
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This way we can make the socket also available for sandboxed apps that
have their own private /dev. They can now simply symlink the socket from
/dev.
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Either become uid/gid of the client we have been forked for, or become
the "systemd-bus-proxy" user if the client was root. We retain
CAP_IPC_OWNER so that we can tell kdbus we are actually our own client.
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logind needs access to /run/user/, udevd fails during early boot
with these settings
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ReadOnlySystem= uses fs namespaces to mount /usr and /boot read-only for
a service.
ProtectedHome= uses fs namespaces to mount /home and /run/user
inaccessible or read-only for a service.
This patch also enables these settings for all our long-running services.
Together they should be good building block for a minimal service
sandbox, removing the ability for services to modify the operating
system or access the user's private data.
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This service is not yet network facing, but let's prepare nonetheless.
Currently all caps are dropped, but some may need to be kept in the
future.
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Rely on modules being built-in or autoloaded on-demand.
As networkd is a network facing service, we want to limits its capabilities,
as much as possible. Also, we may not have CAP_SYS_MODULE in a container,
and we want networkd to work the same there.
Module autoloading does not always work, but should be fixed by the kernel
patch f98f89a0104454f35a: 'net: tunnels - enable module autoloading', which
is currently in net-next and which people may consider backporting if they
want tunneling support without compiling in the modules.
Early adopters may also use a module-load.d snippet and order
systemd-modules-load.service before networkd to force the module
loading of tunneling modules.
This sholud fix the various build issues people have reported.
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This allows us to run networkd mostly unpriviliged with the exception of
CAP_NET_* and CAP_SYS_MODULE. I'd really like to get rid of the latter
though...
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The ptrace capability was only necessary to detect virtualizations
environments. Since we changed the logic to determine this to not
require priviliges, there's no need to carry the CAP_SYS_PTRACE
capability anymore.
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This causes the container to shut down cleanly when the service is
stopped.
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Create initial stamp file with compiled-in time to prevent bootups
with clocks in the future from storing invalid timestamps.
At shutdown, only update the timestamp if we got an authoritative
time to store.
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boot using this
This is useful to make sure the system clock stays monotonic even on
systems that lack an RTC.
Also, why we are at it, also use the systemd release time for bumping
the clock, since it's a slightly less bad than starting with jan 1st,
1970.
This also moves timesyncd into the early bootphase, in order to make
sure this initial bump is guaranteed to have finished by the time we
start real daemons which might write to the file systemd and thus
shouldn't leave 1970's timestamps all over the place...
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Also remove the equivalent functionality from networkd.
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with CAP_SYS_TIME)
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This reverts commit a555350d47c4b70d716a63424933b34902c98300.
This did not fix the problem, just made it harder to hit.
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This is needed for the network monitor to work (as it requires networkd to set up the correct directories first).
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Remember to drop this when the kernel gains autoloading for all netdev kinds.
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To make sure we don't delay boot on systems where (some) network links are managed by someone else
we don't block if something else has successfully brought up a link.
We will still block until all links we are aware of that are managed by networkd have been
configured, but if no such links exist, and someone else have configured a link sufficiently
that it has a carrier, it may be that the link is ready so we should no longer block.
Note that in all likelyhood the link is not ready (no addresses/routes configured),
so whatever network managment daemon configured it should provide a similar wait-online
service to block network-online.target until it is ready.
The aim is to block as long as we know networking is not fully configured, but no longer. This
will allow systemd-networkd-wait-online.service to be enabled on any system, even if we don't
know whether networkd is the main/only network manager.
Even in the case networking is fully configured by networkd, the default behavior may not be
sufficient: if two links need to be configured, but the first is fully configured before the
second one appears we will assume the network is up. To work around that, we allow specifying
specific devices to wait for before considering the network up.
This unit is enabled by default, just like systemd-networkd, but will only be pulled in if
anyone pulls in network-online.target.
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Otherwise we will not be able to queuery whether devices are initialized on kdbus enabled systems.
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/tmp is only available in later boot, and we shouldn't create private
subdirs in it hence, while we are still in early boot.
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Keep mounts done by udev rules private to udevd. Also, document how
MountFlags= may be used for this.
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this is useful
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long-running daemons
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Add a new config 'Activating' directive which denotes whether a busname
is actually registered on the bus. It defaults to 'yes'.
If set to 'no', the .busname unit only uploads policy, which will remain
active as long as the unit is running.
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Add the first 3270 terminal device that is associated with the Linux preferred
console to the list of virtualization consoles. This is required to
automatically start a getty if the conmode=3270 kernel parameter is specified
for Linux on z/VM instances. Note that a queued upstream patch also enable
the 3270 terminal device if it is associated with the Linux preferred console.
How
To successfully start agetty on a 3270 terminal, a change in the agetty
parameter order is required. Previously, agetty would started like this:
/sbin/agetty --keep-baud 3270/tty1 115200,38400,9600 TERM
The agetty program interprets the "3270/tty1" as baud rate and fails to start
with the "bad speed: 3270/tty1" error message. Fixing this in agetty is more
complex rather than reordering the command line parameters like this:
/sbin/agetty --keep-baud 115200,38400,9600 3270/tty1 TERM
According to agetty sources and "agetty --help", agetty accepts the "tty",
"baudrate tty", and "tty baudrate" specifications.
P.S. The "tty: Set correct tty name in 'active' sysfs attribute" introduces
a change to display the terminal device which is associated with the
Linux preferred console. This change helps to let systemd handle this
particular case only. Without the changes of this commit, no additional
3270 terminal device can be managed by systemd.
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/tty.git/commit/?id=723abd87f6e536f1353c8f64f621520bc29523a3
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