<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*--> <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> <!-- This file is part of systemd. Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. --> <refentry id="systemd-run" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <refentryinfo> <title>systemd-run</title> <productname>systemd</productname> <authorgroup> <author> <contrib>Developer</contrib> <firstname>Lennart</firstname> <surname>Poettering</surname> <email>lennart@poettering.net</email> </author> </authorgroup> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>1</manvolnum> </refmeta> <refnamediv> <refname>systemd-run</refname> <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service units</refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv> <cmdsynopsis> <command>systemd-run</command> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg> </arg> </cmdsynopsis> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1> <title>Description</title> <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or a <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it.</para> <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be started and managed by the service manager like any other service, and thus show up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean and detached execution environment. <command>systemd-run</command> will start the service asynchronously in the background and immediately return.</para> <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be started directly by <command>systemd-run</command> and thus inherit the execution environment of the caller. It is however managed by the service manager similar to normal services, and will also show up in the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command>. Execution in this case is synchronous, and execution will return only when the command finishes.</para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>Options</title> <para>The following options are understood:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><option>--scope</option></term> <listitem> <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--unit=</option></term> <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically generated one.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--property=</option></term> <term><option>-p</option></term> <listitem><para>Sets a unit property for the scope or service unit that is created. This takes an assignment in the same format as <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s <command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--description=</option></term> <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service or scope unit. If not specified, the command itself will be used as a description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--slice=</option></term> <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice, instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term> <listitem><para>After the service or scope process has terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about the service after it finished running. Also see <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term> <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit, send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the connection has been severed. Also see <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. </para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--service-type=</option></term> <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see <varname>Type=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This option has no effect in conjunction with <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to <constant>simple</constant>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--uid=</option></term> <term><option>--gid=</option></term> <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the UNIX user and group. Also see <varname>User=</varname> and <varname>Group=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--nice=</option></term> <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><option>--setenv=</option></term> <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified environment variables set. Also see <varname>Environment=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para> </listitem> </varlistentry> <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" /> <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" /> <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" /> <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" /> <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" /> <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" /> </variablelist> <para>All command-line arguments after the first non-option argument become part of the commandline of the launched process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument needs to be an absolute binary path.</para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>Exit status</title> <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>Examples</title> <para>The following command will log the environment variables provided by systemd to services:</para> <programlisting># systemd-run env Running as unit run-19945.service. # journalctl -u run-19945.service Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env... Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env. Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting> <para>The following command invokes the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> tool, but lowers the block IO weight for it to 10. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname> property.</para> <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>See Also</title> <para> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> </para> </refsect1> </refentry>