systemd Developer Lennart Poettering lennart@poettering.net systemd 1 systemd systemd System and Session Manager systemd OPTIONS init OPTIONS COMMAND systemd is a system and session manager for Linux operating systems. When run as first process on boot (as PID 1) it may act as init system that brings up and maintains userspace. For compatibility with SysV if systemd is called as init and a PID that is not 1 it will execute telinit and pass all command line arguments unmodified. That means init and telinit are mostly equivalent when invoked from normal login sessions. See telinit8 for more information. The following options are understood: -h --help Prints a short help text and exits. --unit= Set default unit to activate on startup. If not specified defaults to default.target. --running-as= Tell systemd to run in a particular mode. Argument is one of system, session. Normally it should not be necessary to pass this option, as systemd automatically detects the mode it is started in. This call is hence of little use except for debugging. --test Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit. This is an option useful for debugging only. --dump-configuration-items Dump understood unit configuration items. This outputs a terse but complete list of configuration items understood in unit definition files. --confirm-spawn Ask for confirmation when spawning processes. --introspect= Extract D-Bus interface introspection data. This is mostly useful at build ot install time to generate data suitable for the D-Bus interfaces repository. Optionally the interface name for the introspection data may be specified. If omitted the introspection data for all interfaces is dumped. --log-level= Set log level. As argument this accepts a numerical log level or the well-known syslog3 symbolic names (lowercase): emerg, alert, crit, err, warning, notice, info, debug. --log-target= Set log target. Argument must be one of console, syslog, kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null. --log-color= Highlight important log messages. Argument is a boolean value. If the argument is omitted it defaults to true. --log-location= Include code location in log messages. This is mostly relevant for debugging purposes. Argument is a boolean value. If the argument is omitted it defaults to true. System unit directories The systemd system manager reads unit configuration from various directories. Packages that want to install unit files shall place them in the directory returned by pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsystemunitdir. Other directories checked are /usr/local/share/systemd/system and /usr/share/systemd/system. User configuration always takes precedence. pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsystemconfdir returns the path of the system configuration directory. Packages should alter this directory only with the systemd-install1 tool. Session unit directories Similar rules apply for the session unit directories. However, here the XDG Base Directory specification is followed to find units. Applications should place their unit files in the directory returned by pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsessionunitdir. Global configuration is done in the directory reported by pkg-config systemd --variable=systemdsessionconfdir. The systemd-install1 tool can handle both global (i.e. for all users) and private (for one user) enabling/disabling of units. SysV init scripts directory The location of the SysV init script directory varies between distributions. If systemd cannot find a native unit file for a requested service it will look for a SysV init script of the same name (with the .service suffix removed). SysV runlevel link farm directory The location of the SysV runlevel link farm directory varies between distributions. systemd will take the link farm into account when figuring out whether a service shall be enabled. Note that a service unit with a native unit configuration file can be started by activating it in the SysV runlevel link farm. SIGTERM Upon receiving this signal the systemd system manager serializes its state, reexecutes itself and deserializes the saved state again. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl daemon-reexec. systemd session managers will start the exit.target unit when this signal is received. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl --session start exit.target. SIGINT Upon receiving this signal the systemd system manager will start the ctrl-alt-del.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start ctl-alt-del.target. systemd session managers treat this signal the same way as SIGTERM. SIGWINCH When this signal is received the systemd system manager will start the kbrequest.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start kbrequest.target. This signal is ignored by systemd session managers. SIGPWR When this signal is received the systemd manager will start the sigpwr.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start sigpwr.target. SIGUSR1 When this signal is received the systemd manager will try to reconnect to the D-Bus bus. SIGUSR2 When this signal is received the systemd manager will log its complete state in human readable form. The data logged is the same as printed by systemctl dump. SIGHUP Reloads the complete daemon configuration. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl daemon-reload. SIGRTMIN+0 Enters default mode, starts the default.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start default.target. SIGRTMIN+1 Enters rescue mode, starts the rescue.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl isolate rescue.target. SIGRTMIN+2 Enters emergency mode, starts the emergency.service unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl isolate emergency.service. SIGRTMIN+3 Halts the machine, starts the halt.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start halt.target. SIGRTMIN+4 Powers off the machine, starts the poweroff.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start poweroff.target. SIGRTMIN+5 Reboots the machine, starts the reboot.target unit. This is mostly equivalent to systemctl start reboot.target. $SYSTEMD_LOG_LEVEL systemd reads the log level from this environment variable. This can be overriden with --log-level=. $SYSTEMD_LOG_TARGET systemd reads the log target from this environment variable. This can be overriden with --log-target=. $SYSTEMD_LOG_COLOR Controls whether systemd highlights important log messages. This can be overriden with --log-color=. $SYSTEMD_LOG_LOCATION Controls whether systemd prints the code location along with log messages. This can be overriden with --log-location=. $XDG_CONFIG_HOME $XDG_CONFIG_DIRS $XDG_DATA_HOME $XDG_DATA_DIRS The systemd session manager uses these variables in accordance to the XDG Base Directory specification to find its configuration. $SYSTEMD_UNIT_PATH Controls where systemd looks for unit files. $SYSTEMD_SYSVINIT_PATH Controls where systemd looks for SysV init scripts. $SYSTEMD_SYSVRCND_PATH Controls where systemd looks for SysV init script runlevel link farms. $LISTEN_PID $LISTEN_FDS Set by systemd for supervised processes during socket-based activation. See sd_listen_fds3 for more information. $NOTIFY_SOCKET Set by systemd for supervised processes for status and start-up completion notification. See sd_notify3 for more information. @/org/freedesktop/systemd1/notify Daemon status notification socket. This is an AF_UNIX datagram socket in the Linux abstract namespace, and is used to implement the daemon notification logic as implemented by sd_notify3. @/org/freedesktop/systemd1/logger Used internally by the systemd-logger.service unit to connect STDOUT and/or STDERR of spawned processes to syslog3 or the kernel log buffer. This is an AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux abstract namespace. @/org/freedesktop/systemd1/private Used internally as communication channel between systemctl1 and the systemd process. This is an AF_UNIX stream socket in the Linux abstract namespace. This interface is private to systemd and should not be used in external projects. /dev/initctl Limited compatibility support for the SysV client interface, as implemented by the systemd-initctl.service unit. This is a named pipe in the file system. This interface is obsolete and should not be used in new applications. systemctl1, systemadm1, systemd-install1, systemd-notify1, daemon7, sd-daemon7, systemd.unit5, systemd.special5, pkg-config1