<?xml version="1.0"?> <!--*-nxml-*--> <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd"> <!-- This file is part of systemd. Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. --> <refentry id="tmpfiles.d"> <refentryinfo> <title>tmpfiles.d</title> <productname>systemd</productname> <authorgroup> <author> <contrib>Documentation</contrib> <firstname>Brandon</firstname> <surname>Philips</surname> <email>brandon@ifup.org</email> </author> </authorgroup> </refentryinfo> <refmeta> <refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle> <manvolnum>5</manvolnum> </refmeta> <refnamediv> <refname>tmpfiles.d</refname> <refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of volatile and temporary files</refpurpose> </refnamediv> <refsynopsisdiv> <para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> <para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> <para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para> </refsynopsisdiv> <refsect1> <title>Description</title> <para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the configuration files from the above directories to describe the creation, cleaning and removal of volatile and temporary files and directories which usually reside in directories such as <filename>/run</filename> or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>Configuration Format</title> <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of <filename><package>.conf</filename>. Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename> and <filename>/run/</filename>. Files in <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages should install their configuration files in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. All configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless in which of the directories they reside. If multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with the lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all all other conflicting entries logged as errors.</para> <para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename.</para> <para>The configuration format is one line per path containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument fields:</para> <programlisting>Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument d /run/user 0755 root root 10d - L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting> <refsect2> <title>Type</title> <para>The following line types are understood:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><varname>f</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>F</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>w</varname></term> <listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter will be written without a trailing newline. C-style backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>d</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>D</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>p</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>L</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist yet</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>c</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does not exist yet</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>b</varname></term> <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not exist yet</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>m</varname></term> <listitem><para>If the specified file path exists, adjust its access mode, group and user to the specified values and reset the SELinux label. If it does not exist, do nothing.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>x</varname></term> <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the effect of r or R lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>X</varname></term> <listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age parameter. Unlike x, this parameter will not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not influence the effect of r or R lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>r</varname></term> <listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists. This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use R for that. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>R</varname></term> <listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>z</varname></term> <listitem><para>Restore SELinux security context label and set ownership and access mode of a file or directory if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. </para></listitem> </varlistentry> <varlistentry> <term><varname>Z</varname></term> <listitem><para>Recursively restore SELinux security context label and set ownership and access mode of a path and all its subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.</para></listitem> </varlistentry> </variablelist> </refsect2> <refsect2> <title>Path</title> <para>The file system path specification supports simple specifier expansion. The following expansions are understood:</para> <table> <title>Specifiers available</title> <tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'> <colspec colname="spec" /> <colspec colname="mean" /> <colspec colname="detail" /> <thead> <row> <entry>Specifier</entry> <entry>Meaning</entry> <entry>Details</entry> </row> </thead> <tbody> <row> <entry><literal>%m</literal></entry> <entry>Machine ID</entry> <entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> </row> <row> <entry><literal>%b</literal></entry> <entry>Boot ID</entry> <entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry> </row> <row> <entry><literal>%H</literal></entry> <entry>Host name</entry> <entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry> </row> <row> <entry><literal>%v</literal></entry> <entry>Kernel release</entry> <entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry> </row> <row> <entry><literal>%%</literal></entry> <entry>Escaped %</entry> <entry>Single percent sign.</entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </table> </refsect2> <refsect2> <title>Mode</title> <para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or directory. If omitted or when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file objects. For z, Z lines, if omitted or when set to -, the file access mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r, R, L lines.</para> </refsect2> <refsect2> <title>UID, GID</title> <para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group name. If omitted or when set to -, the default 0 (root) is used. For z, Z lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file ownership will not be modified. These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.</para> </refsect2> <refsect2> <title>Age</title> <para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field format is a series of integers each followed by one of the following postfixes for the respective time units:</para> <variablelist> <varlistentry> <term><varname>s</varname></term> <term><varname>min</varname></term> <term><varname>h</varname></term> <term><varname>d</varname></term> <term><varname>w</varname></term> <term><varname>ms</varname></term> <term><varname>m</varname></term> <term><varname>us</varname></term></varlistentry> </variablelist> <para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit, s is assumed. </para> <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned unconditionally.</para> <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with d, D and x. If omitted or set to -, no automatic clean-up is done.</para> <para>If the age field starts with a tilde character (~), the clean-up is only applied to files and directories one level inside the directory specified, but not the files and directories immediately inside it.</para> </refsect2> <refsect2> <title>Argument</title> <para>For L lines determines the destination path of the symlink. For c, b determines the major/minor of the device node, with major and minor formatted as integers, separated by :, e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify a short string that is written to the file, suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other lines.</para> </refsect2> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>Example</title> <example> <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title> <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para> <programlisting>d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting> </example> <example> <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title> <para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para> <programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting> </example> </refsect1> <refsect1> <title>See Also</title> <para> <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> </para> </refsect1> </refentry>