/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/ /*** This file is part of systemd. Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with systemd; If not, see . ***/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef HAVE_PAM #include #endif #include "execute.h" #include "strv.h" #include "macro.h" #include "util.h" #include "log.h" #include "ioprio.h" #include "securebits.h" #include "cgroup.h" #include "namespace.h" #include "tcpwrap.h" #include "exit-status.h" #include "missing.h" #include "utmp-wtmp.h" #include "def.h" /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */ #define TTY_MODE 0620 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) { int start, restart_from; if (n_fds <= 0) return 0; /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */ assert(fds); start = 0; for (;;) { int i; restart_from = -1; for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) { int nfd; /* Already at right index? */ if (fds[i] == i+3) continue; if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0) return -errno; close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]); fds[i] = nfd; /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then * let's remember that and try again from here*/ if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0) restart_from = i; } if (restart_from < 0) break; start = restart_from; } return 0; } static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) { unsigned i; int r; if (n_fds <= 0) return 0; assert(fds); /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */ for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) { if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0) return r; /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds, * since after all we want to pass these fds to our * children */ if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0) return r; } return 0; } static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) { assert(context); if (context->tty_path) return context->tty_path; return "/dev/console"; } void exec_context_tty_reset(const ExecContext *context) { assert(context); if (context->tty_vhangup) terminal_vhangup(tty_path(context)); if (context->tty_reset) reset_terminal(tty_path(context)); if (context->tty_vt_disallocate && context->tty_path) vt_disallocate(context->tty_path); } static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) { int fd, r; assert(nfd >= 0); if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) return -errno; if (fd != nfd) { r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd; close_nointr_nofail(fd); } else r = nfd; return r; } static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) { int fd, r; union { struct sockaddr sa; struct sockaddr_un un; } sa; assert(context); assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX); assert(ident); assert(nfd >= 0); if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) return -errno; zero(sa); sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX; strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)); if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + sizeof(LOGGER_SOCKET) - 1) < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg * or syslog), followed by the priority field, * followed by the process name. Since we replaced * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer * flushing issues. */ dprintf(fd, "%s\n" "%i\n" "%s\n" "%i\n", output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ? "kmsg" : output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE ? "kmsg+console" : output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG ? "syslog" : "syslog+console", context->syslog_priority, context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident, context->syslog_level_prefix); if (fd != nfd) { r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd; close_nointr_nofail(fd); } else r = nfd; return r; } static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) { int fd, r; assert(path); assert(nfd >= 0); if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0) return fd; if (fd != nfd) { r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd; close_nointr_nofail(fd); } else r = nfd; return r; } static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) { return i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY || i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE || i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL; } static int fixup_input(ExecInput std_input, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) { if (is_terminal_input(std_input) && !apply_tty_stdin) return EXEC_INPUT_NULL; if (std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0) return EXEC_INPUT_NULL; return std_input; } static int fixup_output(ExecOutput std_output, int socket_fd) { if (std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0) return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT; return std_output; } static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) { ExecInput i; assert(context); i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin); switch (i) { case EXEC_INPUT_NULL: return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO); case EXEC_INPUT_TTY: case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE: case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: { int fd, r; if ((fd = acquire_terminal( tty_path(context), i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL, i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE, false)) < 0) return fd; if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) { r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO; close_nointr_nofail(fd); } else r = STDIN_FILENO; return r; } case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET: return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO; default: assert_not_reached("Unknown input type"); } } static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) { ExecOutput o; ExecInput i; assert(context); assert(ident); i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin); o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd); /* This expects the input is already set up */ switch (o) { case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT: /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */ if (i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO); /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null, inherit that... */ if (i != EXEC_INPUT_NULL) return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO; /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */ if (getppid() != 1) return STDOUT_FILENO; /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the * right access mode. So we fall through */ case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL: return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY: if (is_terminal_input(i)) return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO; /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */ return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG: case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE: case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG: case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE: return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET: assert(socket_fd >= 0); return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO; default: assert_not_reached("Unknown output type"); } } static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) { ExecOutput o, e; ExecInput i; assert(context); assert(ident); i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin); o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd); e = fixup_output(context->std_error, socket_fd); /* This expects the input and output are already set up */ /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all * the way and are not on a tty */ if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT && o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT && i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && !is_terminal_input(context->std_input) && getppid () != 1) return STDERR_FILENO; /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */ if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT) return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO; switch (e) { case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL: return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY: if (is_terminal_input(i)) return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO; /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */ return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG: case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE: case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG: case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE: return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO); case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET: assert(socket_fd >= 0); return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO; default: assert_not_reached("Unknown error type"); } } static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) { struct stat st; assert(fd >= 0); /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */ (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1); (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE); if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) return -errno; if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE) return -EPERM; return 0; } static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context, int *_saved_stdin, int *_saved_stdout) { int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r; assert(context); assert(_saved_stdin); assert(_saved_stdout); /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of * negative errno style values! */ if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) return EXIT_STDIN; if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDOUT; goto fail; } if ((fd = acquire_terminal( tty_path(context), context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL, context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE, false)) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDIN; goto fail; } if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDIN; goto fail; } if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDIN; goto fail; } if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDOUT; goto fail; } if (fd >= 2) close_nointr_nofail(fd); *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin; *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout; return 0; fail: if (saved_stdout >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout); if (saved_stdin >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin); if (fd >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(fd); return r; } static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context, int *saved_stdin, int *saved_stdout, bool *keep_stdin, bool *keep_stdout) { assert(context); assert(saved_stdin); assert(*saved_stdin >= 0); assert(saved_stdout); assert(*saved_stdout >= 0); /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of * negative errno style values! */ if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) { /* The service wants terminal input. */ *keep_stdin = true; *keep_stdout = context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT || context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY; } else { /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal, * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have * already. */ if (release_terminal() < 0) return EXIT_STDIN; if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) return EXIT_STDIN; if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) return EXIT_STDOUT; *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false; } return 0; } static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) { struct group *g; unsigned long lu; assert(groupname); assert(gid); /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */ if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) { *gid = 0; return 0; } if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) { errno = 0; g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu); } else { errno = 0; g = getgrnam(groupname); } if (!g) return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH; *gid = g->gr_gid; return 0; } static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) { struct passwd *p; unsigned long lu; assert(username); assert(*username); assert(uid); assert(gid); assert(home); /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */ if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) { *username = "root"; *uid = 0; *gid = 0; *home = "/root"; return 0; } if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) { errno = 0; p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu); /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead * of the first occurrence in the database. However if * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */ if (*username && p) *username = p->pw_name; } else { errno = 0; p = getpwnam(*username); } if (!p) return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH; *uid = p->pw_uid; *gid = p->pw_gid; *home = p->pw_dir; return 0; } static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) { bool keep_groups = false; int r; assert(context); /* Lookup and set GID and supplementary group list. Here too * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */ if (context->group || username) { if (context->group) if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0) return r; /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */ if (username && gid != 0) { if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0) return -errno; keep_groups = true; } /* Second step, set our gids */ if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0) return -errno; } if (context->supplementary_groups) { int ngroups_max, k; gid_t *gids; char **i; /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */ assert_se((ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX)) > 0); if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max))) return -ENOMEM; if (keep_groups) { if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) { free(gids); return -errno; } } else k = 0; STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) { if (k >= ngroups_max) { free(gids); return -E2BIG; } if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) { free(gids); return r; } k++; } if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) { free(gids); return -errno; } free(gids); } return 0; } static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) { int r; assert(context); /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the * capabilities while doing so. */ if (context->capabilities) { cap_t d; static const cap_value_t bits[] = { CAP_SETUID, /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */ CAP_SETPCAP /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */ }; /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our * caps, whiel we drop privileges. */ if (uid != 0) { int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS; if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb) if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0) return -errno; } /* Second step: set the capabilities. This will reduce * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */ if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities))) return -errno; if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 || cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) { r = -errno; cap_free(d); return r; } if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) { r = -errno; cap_free(d); return r; } cap_free(d); } /* Third step: actually set the uids */ if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0) return -errno; /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up later. This is done outside of this call. */ return 0; } #ifdef HAVE_PAM static int null_conv( int num_msg, const struct pam_message **msg, struct pam_response **resp, void *appdata_ptr) { /* We don't support conversations */ return PAM_CONV_ERR; } static int setup_pam( const char *name, const char *user, const char *tty, char ***pam_env, int fds[], unsigned n_fds) { static const struct pam_conv conv = { .conv = null_conv, .appdata_ptr = NULL }; pam_handle_t *handle = NULL; sigset_t ss, old_ss; int pam_code = PAM_SUCCESS; char **e = NULL; bool close_session = false; pid_t pam_pid = 0, parent_pid; assert(name); assert(user); assert(pam_env); /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child * will then stay around until killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */ if ((pam_code = pam_start(name, user, &conv, &handle)) != PAM_SUCCESS) { handle = NULL; goto fail; } if (tty) if ((pam_code = pam_set_item(handle, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS) goto fail; if ((pam_code = pam_acct_mgmt(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS) goto fail; if ((pam_code = pam_open_session(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS) goto fail; close_session = true; if ((pam_code = pam_setcred(handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED | PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS) goto fail; if ((!(e = pam_getenvlist(handle)))) { pam_code = PAM_BUF_ERR; goto fail; } /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in * the child */ if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 || sigaddset(&ss, SIGTERM) < 0 || sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &old_ss) < 0) goto fail; parent_pid = getpid(); if ((pam_pid = fork()) < 0) goto fail; if (pam_pid == 0) { int sig; int r = EXIT_PAM; /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on * termination */ /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length * of "/sbin/init") */ rename_process("sd:pam"); /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this child. We assume that otherwise only those fds are open here that have been opened by PAM. */ close_many(fds, n_fds); /* Wait until our parent died. This will most likely * not work since the kernel does not allow * unprivileged parents kill their privileged children * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic * to do the rest for us. */ if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0) goto child_finish; /* Check if our parent process might already have * died? */ if (getppid() == parent_pid) { if (sigwait(&ss, &sig) < 0) goto child_finish; assert(sig == SIGTERM); } /* Only if our parent died we'll end the session */ if (getppid() != parent_pid) if ((pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS) goto child_finish; r = 0; child_finish: pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT); _exit(r); } /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the * cleanups, so forget about the handle here. */ handle = NULL; /* Unblock SIGTERM again in the parent */ if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_ss, NULL) < 0) goto fail; /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules * might have opened it, but we don't want this fd around. */ closelog(); return 0; fail: if (handle) { if (close_session) pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT); pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT); } strv_free(e); closelog(); if (pam_pid > 1) { kill(pam_pid, SIGTERM); kill(pam_pid, SIGCONT); } return EXIT_PAM; } #endif static int do_capability_bounding_set_drop(uint64_t drop) { unsigned long i; cap_t old_cap = NULL, new_cap = NULL; cap_flag_value_t fv; int r; /* If we are run as PID 1 we will lack CAP_SETPCAP by default * in the effective set (yes, the kernel drops that when * executing init!), so get it back temporarily so that we can * call PR_CAPBSET_DROP. */ old_cap = cap_get_proc(); if (!old_cap) return -errno; if (cap_get_flag(old_cap, CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (fv != CAP_SET) { static const cap_value_t v = CAP_SETPCAP; new_cap = cap_dup(old_cap); if (!new_cap) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (cap_set_flag(new_cap, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &v, CAP_SET) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (cap_set_proc(new_cap) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } } for (i = 0; i <= MAX(63LU, (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP); i++) if (drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) i)) { if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i) < 0) { if (errno == EINVAL) break; r = -errno; goto finish; } } r = 0; finish: if (new_cap) cap_free(new_cap); if (old_cap) { cap_set_proc(old_cap); cap_free(old_cap); } return r; } int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command, char **argv, const ExecContext *context, int fds[], unsigned n_fds, char **environment, bool apply_permissions, bool apply_chroot, bool apply_tty_stdin, bool confirm_spawn, CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings, pid_t *ret) { pid_t pid; int r; char *line; int socket_fd; char **files_env = NULL; assert(command); assert(context); assert(ret); assert(fds || n_fds <= 0); if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET || context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET || context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) { if (n_fds != 1) return -EINVAL; socket_fd = fds[0]; fds = NULL; n_fds = 0; } else socket_fd = -1; if ((r = exec_context_load_environment(context, &files_env)) < 0) { log_error("Failed to load environment files: %s", strerror(-r)); return r; } if (!argv) argv = command->argv; if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) { r = -ENOMEM; goto fail_parent; } log_debug("About to execute: %s", line); free(line); if (cgroup_bondings) if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings))) goto fail_parent; if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { r = -errno; goto fail_parent; } if (pid == 0) { int i; sigset_t ss; const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL; uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1; gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1; char **our_env = NULL, **pam_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **final_argv = NULL; unsigned n_env = 0; int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1; bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false; /* child */ /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length * of "/sbin/init") */ rename_process("sd.exec"); /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the * only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main daemon. All * others we leave untouched because we set them to * SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially, both of which * will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */ default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1); if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 || sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) { r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK; goto fail_child; } /* Close sockets very early to make sure we don't * block init reexecution because it cannot bind its * sockets */ if (close_all_fds(socket_fd >= 0 ? &socket_fd : fds, socket_fd >= 0 ? 1 : n_fds) < 0) { r = EXIT_FDS; goto fail_child; } if (!context->same_pgrp) if (setsid() < 0) { r = EXIT_SETSID; goto fail_child; } if (context->tcpwrap_name) { if (socket_fd >= 0) if (!socket_tcpwrap(socket_fd, context->tcpwrap_name)) { r = EXIT_TCPWRAP; goto fail_child; } for (i = 0; i < (int) n_fds; i++) { if (!socket_tcpwrap(fds[i], context->tcpwrap_name)) { r = EXIT_TCPWRAP; goto fail_child; } } } exec_context_tty_reset(context); /* We skip the confirmation step if we shall not apply the TTY */ if (confirm_spawn && (!is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || apply_tty_stdin)) { char response; /* Set up terminal for the question */ if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context, &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout))) goto fail_child; /* Now ask the question. */ if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line); free(line); if (r < 0 || response == 'n') { r = EXIT_CONFIRM; goto fail_child; } else if (response == 's') { r = 0; goto fail_child; } /* Release terminal for the question */ if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context, &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout, &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout))) goto fail_child; } /* If a socket is connected to STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR, we * must sure to drop O_NONBLOCK */ if (socket_fd >= 0) fd_nonblock(socket_fd, false); if (!keep_stdin) if (setup_input(context, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDIN; goto fail_child; } if (!keep_stdout) if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDOUT; goto fail_child; } if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDERR; goto fail_child; } if (cgroup_bondings) if (cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0) < 0) { r = EXIT_CGROUP; goto fail_child; } if (context->oom_score_adjust_set) { char t[16]; snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_score_adjust); char_array_0(t); if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", t) < 0) { /* Compatibility with Linux <= 2.6.35 */ int adj; adj = (context->oom_score_adjust * -OOM_DISABLE) / OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX; adj = CLAMP(adj, OOM_DISABLE, OOM_ADJUST_MAX); snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", adj); char_array_0(t); if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0 && errno != EACCES) { r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST; goto fail_child; } } } if (context->nice_set) if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) { r = EXIT_NICE; goto fail_child; } if (context->cpu_sched_set) { struct sched_param param; zero(param); param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority; if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy | (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), ¶m) < 0) { r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER; goto fail_child; } } if (context->cpuset) if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(context->cpuset_ncpus), context->cpuset) < 0) { r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY; goto fail_child; } if (context->ioprio_set) if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) { r = EXIT_IOPRIO; goto fail_child; } if (context->timer_slack_nsec_set) if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_nsec) < 0) { r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK; goto fail_child; } if (context->utmp_id) utmp_put_init_process(0, context->utmp_id, getpid(), getsid(0), context->tty_path); if (context->user) { username = context->user; if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) { r = EXIT_USER; goto fail_child; } if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) { r = EXIT_STDIN; goto fail_child; } if (cgroup_bondings && context->control_group_modify) if (cgroup_bonding_set_group_access_list(cgroup_bondings, 0755, uid, gid) < 0 || cgroup_bonding_set_task_access_list(cgroup_bondings, 0644, uid, gid) < 0) { r = EXIT_CGROUP; goto fail_child; } } if (apply_permissions) if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) { r = EXIT_GROUP; goto fail_child; } umask(context->umask); #ifdef HAVE_PAM if (context->pam_name && username) { if (setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, context->tty_path, &pam_env, fds, n_fds) < 0) { r = EXIT_PAM; goto fail_child; } } #endif if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 || strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 || strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 || context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED || context->private_tmp) if ((r = setup_namespace( context->read_write_dirs, context->read_only_dirs, context->inaccessible_dirs, context->private_tmp, context->mount_flags)) < 0) goto fail_child; if (apply_chroot) { if (context->root_directory) if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) { r = EXIT_CHROOT; goto fail_child; } if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) { r = EXIT_CHDIR; goto fail_child; } } else { char *d; if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s", context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "", context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (chdir(d) < 0) { free(d); r = EXIT_CHDIR; goto fail_child; } free(d); } /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that * nothing is leaked from the PAM modules */ if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 || shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 || flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) { r = EXIT_FDS; goto fail_child; } if (apply_permissions) { for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) { if (!context->rlimit[i]) continue; if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) { r = EXIT_LIMITS; goto fail_child; } } if (context->capability_bounding_set_drop) if (do_capability_bounding_set_drop(context->capability_bounding_set_drop) < 0) { r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES; goto fail_child; } if (context->user) if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) { r = EXIT_USER; goto fail_child; } /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not privileged, while * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */ if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits) if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) { r = EXIT_SECUREBITS; goto fail_child; } if (context->capabilities) if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) { r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES; goto fail_child; } } if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 7))) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (n_fds > 0) if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0 || asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (home) if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (username) if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 || asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY || context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY) if (!(our_env[n_env++] = strdup(default_term_for_tty(tty_path(context))))) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } assert(n_env <= 7); if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge( 5, environment, our_env, context->environment, files_env, pam_env, NULL))) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } if (!(final_argv = replace_env_argv(argv, final_env))) { r = EXIT_MEMORY; goto fail_child; } final_env = strv_env_clean(final_env); execve(command->path, final_argv, final_env); r = EXIT_EXEC; fail_child: strv_free(our_env); strv_free(final_env); strv_free(pam_env); strv_free(files_env); strv_free(final_argv); if (saved_stdin >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin); if (saved_stdout >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout); _exit(r); } strv_free(files_env); /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be * killed too). */ if (cgroup_bondings) cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid); log_debug("Forked %s as %lu", command->path, (unsigned long) pid); exec_status_start(&command->exec_status, pid); *ret = pid; return 0; fail_parent: strv_free(files_env); return r; } void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) { assert(c); c->umask = 0002; c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0); c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER; c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO; c->syslog_level_prefix = true; c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED; c->kill_signal = SIGTERM; c->send_sigkill = true; } void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) { unsigned l; assert(c); strv_free(c->environment); c->environment = NULL; strv_free(c->environment_files); c->environment_files = NULL; for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) { free(c->rlimit[l]); c->rlimit[l] = NULL; } free(c->working_directory); c->working_directory = NULL; free(c->root_directory); c->root_directory = NULL; free(c->tty_path); c->tty_path = NULL; free(c->tcpwrap_name); c->tcpwrap_name = NULL; free(c->syslog_identifier); c->syslog_identifier = NULL; free(c->user); c->user = NULL; free(c->group); c->group = NULL; strv_free(c->supplementary_groups); c->supplementary_groups = NULL; free(c->pam_name); c->pam_name = NULL; if (c->capabilities) { cap_free(c->capabilities); c->capabilities = NULL; } strv_free(c->read_only_dirs); c->read_only_dirs = NULL; strv_free(c->read_write_dirs); c->read_write_dirs = NULL; strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs); c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL; if (c->cpuset) CPU_FREE(c->cpuset); free(c->utmp_id); c->utmp_id = NULL; } void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) { assert(c); free(c->path); c->path = NULL; strv_free(c->argv); c->argv = NULL; } void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) exec_command_done(c+i); } void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) { ExecCommand *i; while ((i = c)) { LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i); exec_command_done(i); free(i); } } void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { exec_command_free_list(c[i]); c[i] = NULL; } } int exec_context_load_environment(const ExecContext *c, char ***l) { char **i, **r = NULL; assert(c); assert(l); STRV_FOREACH(i, c->environment_files) { char *fn; int k; bool ignore = false; char **p; fn = *i; if (fn[0] == '-') { ignore = true; fn ++; } if (!path_is_absolute(fn)) { if (ignore) continue; strv_free(r); return -EINVAL; } if ((k = load_env_file(fn, &p)) < 0) { if (ignore) continue; strv_free(r); return k; } if (r == NULL) r = p; else { char **m; m = strv_env_merge(2, r, p); strv_free(r); strv_free(p); if (!m) return -ENOMEM; r = m; } } *l = r; return 0; } static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) { char **g; assert(f); STRV_FOREACH(g, l) fprintf(f, " %s", *g); } void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) { char ** e; unsigned i; assert(c); assert(f); if (!prefix) prefix = ""; fprintf(f, "%sUMask: %04o\n" "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n" "%sRootDirectory: %s\n" "%sNonBlocking: %s\n" "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n" "%sControlGroupModify: %s\n", prefix, c->umask, prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/", prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/", prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking), prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp), prefix, yes_no(c->control_group_modify)); STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment) fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e); STRV_FOREACH(e, c->environment_files) fprintf(f, "%sEnvironmentFile: %s\n", prefix, *e); if (c->tcpwrap_name) fprintf(f, "%sTCPWrapName: %s\n", prefix, c->tcpwrap_name); if (c->nice_set) fprintf(f, "%sNice: %i\n", prefix, c->nice); if (c->oom_score_adjust_set) fprintf(f, "%sOOMScoreAdjust: %i\n", prefix, c->oom_score_adjust); for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++) if (c->rlimit[i]) fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max); if (c->ioprio_set) fprintf(f, "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n" "%sIOPriority: %i\n", prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)), prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio)); if (c->cpu_sched_set) fprintf(f, "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n" "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n" "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n", prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy), prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority, prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork)); if (c->cpuset) { fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix); for (i = 0; i < c->cpuset_ncpus; i++) if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(c->cpuset_ncpus), c->cpuset)) fprintf(f, " %i", i); fputs("\n", f); } if (c->timer_slack_nsec_set) fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNSec: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_nsec); fprintf(f, "%sStandardInput: %s\n" "%sStandardOutput: %s\n" "%sStandardError: %s\n", prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input), prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output), prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error)); if (c->tty_path) fprintf(f, "%sTTYPath: %s\n" "%sTTYReset: %s\n" "%sTTYVHangup: %s\n" "%sTTYVTDisallocate: %s\n", prefix, c->tty_path, prefix, yes_no(c->tty_reset), prefix, yes_no(c->tty_vhangup), prefix, yes_no(c->tty_vt_disallocate)); if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE) fprintf(f, "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n" "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n", prefix, log_facility_unshifted_to_string(c->syslog_priority >> 3), prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority))); if (c->capabilities) { char *t; if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) { fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n", prefix, t); cap_free(t); } } if (c->secure_bits) fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n", prefix, (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "", (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "", (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "", (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "", (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "", (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : ""); if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) { unsigned long l; fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSet:", prefix); for (l = 0; l <= (unsigned long) CAP_LAST_CAP; l++) if (!(c->capability_bounding_set_drop & ((uint64_t) 1ULL << (uint64_t) l))) { char *t; if ((t = cap_to_name(l))) { fprintf(f, " %s", t); cap_free(t); } } fputs("\n", f); } if (c->user) fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix, c->user); if (c->group) fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group); if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) { fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix); strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups); fputs("\n", f); } if (c->pam_name) fprintf(f, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix, c->pam_name); if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) { fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix); strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs); fputs("\n", f); } if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) { fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix); strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs); fputs("\n", f); } if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) { fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix); strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs); fputs("\n", f); } fprintf(f, "%sKillMode: %s\n" "%sKillSignal: SIG%s\n" "%sSendSIGKILL: %s\n", prefix, kill_mode_to_string(c->kill_mode), prefix, signal_to_string(c->kill_signal), prefix, yes_no(c->send_sigkill)); if (c->utmp_id) fprintf(f, "%sUtmpIdentifier: %s\n", prefix, c->utmp_id); } void exec_status_start(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid) { assert(s); zero(*s); s->pid = pid; dual_timestamp_get(&s->start_timestamp); } void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus *s, ExecContext *context, pid_t pid, int code, int status) { assert(s); if ((s->pid && s->pid != pid) || !s->start_timestamp.realtime <= 0) zero(*s); s->pid = pid; dual_timestamp_get(&s->exit_timestamp); s->code = code; s->status = status; if (context) { if (context->utmp_id) utmp_put_dead_process(context->utmp_id, pid, code, status); exec_context_tty_reset(context); } } void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) { char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX]; assert(s); assert(f); if (!prefix) prefix = ""; if (s->pid <= 0) return; fprintf(f, "%sPID: %lu\n", prefix, (unsigned long) s->pid); if (s->start_timestamp.realtime > 0) fprintf(f, "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n", prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp.realtime)); if (s->exit_timestamp.realtime > 0) fprintf(f, "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n" "%sExit Code: %s\n" "%sExit Status: %i\n", prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp.realtime), prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code), prefix, s->status); } char *exec_command_line(char **argv) { size_t k; char *n, *p, **a; bool first = true; assert(argv); k = 1; STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) k += strlen(*a)+3; if (!(n = new(char, k))) return NULL; p = n; STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) { if (!first) *(p++) = ' '; else first = false; if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) { *(p++) = '\''; p = stpcpy(p, *a); *(p++) = '\''; } else p = stpcpy(p, *a); } *p = 0; /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have * spaces and ticks in them */ return n; } void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) { char *p2; const char *prefix2; char *cmd; assert(c); assert(f); if (!prefix) prefix = ""; p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t"); prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix; cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv); fprintf(f, "%sCommand Line: %s\n", prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM)); free(cmd); exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2); free(p2); } void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) { assert(f); if (!prefix) prefix = ""; LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c) exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix); } void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) { ExecCommand *end; assert(l); assert(e); if (*l) { /* It's kind of important, that we keep the order here */ LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end); LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e); } else *l = e; } int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) { va_list ap; char **l, *p; assert(c); assert(path); va_start(ap, path); l = strv_new_ap(path, ap); va_end(ap); if (!l) return -ENOMEM; if (!(p = strdup(path))) { strv_free(l); return -ENOMEM; } free(c->path); c->path = p; strv_free(c->argv); c->argv = l; return 0; } static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = { [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null", [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty", [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force", [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail", [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput); static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = { [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit", [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null", [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty", [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog", [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE] = "syslog+console", [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG] = "kmsg", [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE] = "kmsg+console", [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput); static const char* const kill_mode_table[_KILL_MODE_MAX] = { [KILL_CONTROL_GROUP] = "control-group", [KILL_PROCESS] = "process", [KILL_NONE] = "none" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_mode, KillMode); static const char* const kill_who_table[_KILL_WHO_MAX] = { [KILL_MAIN] = "main", [KILL_CONTROL] = "control", [KILL_ALL] = "all" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_who, KillWho);