/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/ /*** This file is part of systemd. Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with systemd; If not, see . ***/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "macro.h" #include "util.h" #include "ioprio.h" #include "missing.h" #include "log.h" #include "strv.h" #include "label.h" #include "path-util.h" #include "exit-status.h" #include "hashmap.h" int saved_argc = 0; char **saved_argv = NULL; static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0; static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0; bool is_efiboot(void) { return access("/sys/firmware/efi", F_OK) >= 0; } size_t page_size(void) { static __thread size_t pgsz = 0; long r; if (_likely_(pgsz > 0)) return pgsz; r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE); assert(r > 0); pgsz = (size_t) r; return pgsz; } bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) { /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */ if (a && b) return streq(a, b); if (!a && !b) return true; return false; } usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) { struct timespec ts; assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0); return timespec_load(&ts); } dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) { assert(ts); ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME); ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); return ts; } dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) { int64_t delta; assert(ts); ts->realtime = u; if (u == 0) ts->monotonic = 0; else { delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u; ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta) ts->monotonic -= delta; else ts->monotonic = 0; } return ts; } usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) { assert(ts); if (ts->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 && ts->tv_nsec == (long) -1) return (usec_t) -1; if ((usec_t) ts->tv_sec > (UINT64_MAX - (ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC)) / USEC_PER_SEC) return (usec_t) -1; return (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC + (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC; } struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) { assert(ts); if (u == (usec_t) -1) { ts->tv_sec = (time_t) -1; ts->tv_nsec = (long) -1; return ts; } ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC); ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC); return ts; } usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) { assert(tv); if (tv->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 && tv->tv_usec == (suseconds_t) -1) return (usec_t) -1; if ((usec_t) tv->tv_sec > (UINT64_MAX - tv->tv_usec) / USEC_PER_SEC) return (usec_t) -1; return (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC + (usec_t) tv->tv_usec; } struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) { assert(tv); if (u == (usec_t) -1) { tv->tv_sec = (time_t) -1; tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) -1; return tv; } tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC); tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC); return tv; } char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) { size_t sl, pl; assert(s); assert(postfix); sl = strlen(s); pl = strlen(postfix); if (pl == 0) return (char*) s + sl; if (sl < pl) return NULL; if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0) return NULL; return (char*) s + sl - pl; } char* startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) { const char *a, *b; assert(s); assert(prefix); a = s, b = prefix; for (;;) { if (*b == 0) return (char*) a; if (*a != *b) return NULL; a++, b++; } } char* startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) { const char *a, *b; assert(s); assert(prefix); a = s, b = prefix; for (;;) { if (*b == 0) return (char*) a; if (tolower(*a) != tolower(*b)) return NULL; a++, b++; } } bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) { size_t sl, wl; assert(s); assert(word); sl = strlen(s); wl = strlen(word); if (sl < wl) return false; if (wl == 0) return true; if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0) return false; return s[wl] == 0 || strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]); } int close_nointr(int fd) { assert(fd >= 0); for (;;) { int r; r = close(fd); if (r >= 0) return r; if (errno != EINTR) return -errno; } } void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) { int saved_errno = errno; /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno * is unchanged */ assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0); errno = saved_errno; } void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++) close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]); } int parse_boolean(const char *v) { assert(v); if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on")) return 1; else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off")) return 0; return -EINVAL; } int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) { unsigned long ul = 0; pid_t pid; int r; assert(s); assert(ret_pid); r = safe_atolu(s, &ul); if (r < 0) return r; pid = (pid_t) ul; if ((unsigned long) pid != ul) return -ERANGE; if (pid <= 0) return -ERANGE; *ret_pid = pid; return 0; } int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) { unsigned long ul = 0; uid_t uid; int r; assert(s); assert(ret_uid); r = safe_atolu(s, &ul); if (r < 0) return r; uid = (uid_t) ul; if ((unsigned long) uid != ul) return -ERANGE; *ret_uid = uid; return 0; } int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) { char *x = NULL; unsigned long l; assert(s); assert(ret_u); errno = 0; l = strtoul(s, &x, 0); if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l) return -ERANGE; *ret_u = (unsigned) l; return 0; } int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) { char *x = NULL; long l; assert(s); assert(ret_i); errno = 0; l = strtol(s, &x, 0); if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; if ((long) (int) l != l) return -ERANGE; *ret_i = (int) l; return 0; } int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) { char *x = NULL; unsigned long long l; assert(s); assert(ret_llu); errno = 0; l = strtoull(s, &x, 0); if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; *ret_llu = l; return 0; } int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) { char *x = NULL; long long l; assert(s); assert(ret_lli); errno = 0; l = strtoll(s, &x, 0); if (!x || x == s || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; *ret_lli = l; return 0; } /* Split a string into words. */ char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) { char *current; current = *state ? *state : (char*) c; if (!*current || *c == 0) return NULL; current += strspn(current, separator); *l = strcspn(current, separator); *state = current+*l; return (char*) current; } /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and * "" as words even if they include spaces. */ char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) { char *current, *e; bool escaped = false; current = *state ? *state : (char*) c; if (!*current || *c == 0) return NULL; current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE); if (*current == '\'') { current ++; for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (*e == '\'') break; } *l = e-current; *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1; } else if (*current == '\"') { current ++; for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (*e == '\"') break; } *l = e-current; *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1; } else { for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e)) break; } *l = e-current; *state = e; } return (char*) current; } int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) { int r; _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p; long unsigned ppid; assert(pid > 0); assert(_ppid); assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1)); char_array_0(fn); f = fopen(fn, "re"); if (!f) return -errno; if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) { r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno; fclose(f); return r; } /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's * skip over it manually */ p = strrchr(line, ')'); if (!p) return -EIO; p++; if (sscanf(p, " " "%*c " /* state */ "%lu ", /* ppid */ &ppid) != 1) return -EIO; if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid) return -ERANGE; *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid; return 0; } int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) { _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p; assert(pid > 0); assert(st); assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1)); char_array_0(fn); f = fopen(fn, "re"); if (!f) return -errno; if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) { if (ferror(f)) return -errno; return -EIO; } /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's * skip over it manually */ p = strrchr(line, ')'); if (!p) return -EIO; p++; if (sscanf(p, " " "%*c " /* state */ "%*d " /* ppid */ "%*d " /* pgrp */ "%*d " /* session */ "%*d " /* tty_nr */ "%*d " /* tpgid */ "%*u " /* flags */ "%*u " /* minflt */ "%*u " /* cminflt */ "%*u " /* majflt */ "%*u " /* cmajflt */ "%*u " /* utime */ "%*u " /* stime */ "%*d " /* cutime */ "%*d " /* cstime */ "%*d " /* priority */ "%*d " /* nice */ "%*d " /* num_threads */ "%*d " /* itrealvalue */ "%llu " /* starttime */, st) != 1) return -EIO; return 0; } int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) { _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; assert(fn); assert(line); f = fopen(fn, "we"); if (!f) return -errno; errno = 0; if (fputs(line, f) < 0) return errno ? -errno : -EIO; if (!endswith(line, "\n")) fputc('\n', f); fflush(f); if (ferror(f)) return errno ? -errno : -EIO; return 0; } int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) { mode_t u; int r; u = umask(0777); r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0; umask(u); return r; } int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) { FILE *f; int r; char *p; assert(fn); assert(line); r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p); if (r < 0) return r; fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644); errno = 0; if (fputs(line, f) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (!endswith(line, "\n")) fputc('\n', f); fflush(f); if (ferror(f)) { if (errno != 0) r = -errno; else r = -EIO; } else { if (rename(p, fn) < 0) r = -errno; else r = 0; } finish: if (r < 0) unlink(p); fclose(f); free(p); return r; } int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) { _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; char t[LINE_MAX], *c; assert(fn); assert(line); f = fopen(fn, "re"); if (!f) return -errno; if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) { if (ferror(f)) return errno ? -errno : -EIO; t[0] = 0; } c = strdup(t); if (!c) return -ENOMEM; truncate_nl(c); *line = c; return 0; } int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) { _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL; size_t n, l; _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL; struct stat st; f = fopen(fn, "re"); if (!f) return -errno; if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) return -errno; /* Safety check */ if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) return -E2BIG; n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX; l = 0; for (;;) { char *t; size_t k; t = realloc(buf, n+1); if (!t) return -ENOMEM; buf = t; k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f); if (k <= 0) { if (ferror(f)) return -errno; break; } l += k; n *= 2; /* Safety check */ if (n > 4*1024*1024) return -E2BIG; } buf[l] = 0; *contents = buf; buf = NULL; if (size) *size = l; return 0; } int parse_env_file( const char *fname, const char *separator, ...) { int r = 0; char *contents = NULL, *p; assert(fname); assert(separator); if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0) return r; p = contents; for (;;) { const char *key = NULL; p += strspn(p, separator); p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE); if (!*p) break; if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) { va_list ap; char **value; va_start(ap, separator); while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) { size_t n; char *v; value = va_arg(ap, char **); n = strlen(key); if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 || p[n] != '=') continue; p += n + 1; n = strcspn(p, separator); if (n >= 2 && strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) && p[n-1] == p[0]) v = strndup(p+1, n-2); else v = strndup(p, n); if (!v) { r = -ENOMEM; va_end(ap); goto fail; } if (v[0] == '\0') { /* return empty value strings as NULL */ free(v); v = NULL; } free(*value); *value = v; p += n; r ++; break; } va_end(ap); } if (!key) p += strcspn(p, separator); } fail: free(contents); return r; } int load_env_file( const char *fname, char ***rl) { FILE *f; char **m = NULL; int r; assert(fname); assert(rl); if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re"))) return -errno; while (!feof(f)) { char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u; char **t; if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) { if (feof(f)) break; r = -errno; goto finish; } p = strstrip(l); if (!*p) continue; if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) continue; if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) { r = log_oom(); goto finish; } t = strv_append(m, u); free(u); if (!t) { r = log_oom(); goto finish; } strv_free(m); m = t; } r = 0; *rl = m; m = NULL; finish: if (f) fclose(f); strv_free(m); return r; } int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) { char **i, *p; FILE *f; int r; r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p); if (r < 0) return r; fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644); errno = 0; STRV_FOREACH(i, l) { fputs(*i, f); fputc('\n', f); } fflush(f); if (ferror(f)) { if (errno != 0) r = -errno; else r = -EIO; } else { if (rename(p, fname) < 0) r = -errno; else r = 0; } if (r < 0) unlink(p); fclose(f); free(p); return r; } char *truncate_nl(char *s) { assert(s); s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0; return s; } int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) { int r; assert(name); if (pid == 0) r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name); else { char *p; if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = read_one_line_file(p, name); free(p); } return r; } int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) { char *r, *k; int c; bool space = false; size_t left; FILE *f; assert(max_length > 0); assert(line); if (pid == 0) f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re"); else { char *p; if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; f = fopen(p, "re"); free(p); } if (!f) return -errno; r = new(char, max_length); if (!r) { fclose(f); return -ENOMEM; } k = r; left = max_length; while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) { if (isprint(c)) { if (space) { if (left <= 4) break; *(k++) = ' '; left--; space = false; } if (left <= 4) break; *(k++) = (char) c; left--; } else space = true; } if (left <= 4) { size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U); memcpy(k, "...", n); k[n] = 0; } else *k = 0; fclose(f); /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */ if (r[0] == 0) { char *t; int h; free(r); if (!comm_fallback) return -ENOENT; h = get_process_comm(pid, &t); if (h < 0) return h; r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL); free(t); if (!r) return -ENOMEM; } *line = r; return 0; } int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) { char *p; size_t count; char c; bool eof; FILE *f; if (pid == 0) return 0; if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; f = fopen(p, "re"); free(p); if (!f) return -errno; count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f); eof = feof(f); fclose(f); /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */ if (count <= 0) return eof ? 1 : -errno; return 0; } int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) { int r; assert(name); if (pid == 0) r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name); else { char *p; if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = readlink_malloc(p, name); free(p); } return r; } static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) { char *p; FILE *f; int r; assert(uid); if (pid == 0) return getuid(); if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; f = fopen(p, "re"); free(p); if (!f) return -errno; while (!feof(f)) { char line[LINE_MAX], *l; if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) { if (feof(f)) break; r = -errno; goto finish; } l = strstrip(line); if (startswith(l, field)) { l += strlen(field); l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE); l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0; r = parse_uid(l, uid); goto finish; } } r = -EIO; finish: fclose(f); return r; } int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) { return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid); } int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) { return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid); } char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) { size_t a; char *r; if (!s && !suffix) return strdup(""); if (!s) return strndup(suffix, b); if (!suffix) return strdup(s); assert(s); assert(suffix); a = strlen(s); if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a) return NULL; r = new(char, a+b+1); if (!r) return NULL; memcpy(r, s, a); memcpy(r+a, suffix, b); r[a+b] = 0; return r; } char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) { return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0); } int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) { size_t l = 100; assert(p); assert(r); for (;;) { char *c; ssize_t n; if (!(c = new(char, l))) return -ENOMEM; if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) { int ret = -errno; free(c); return ret; } if ((size_t) n < l-1) { c[n] = 0; *r = c; return 0; } free(c); l *= 2; } } int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) { char *target, *k; int j; assert(p); assert(r); if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0) return j; k = file_in_same_dir(p, target); free(target); if (!k) return -ENOMEM; *r = k; return 0; } int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) { char *t, *s; int j; assert(p); assert(r); j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t); if (j < 0) return j; s = canonicalize_file_name(t); if (s) { free(t); *r = s; } else *r = t; path_kill_slashes(*r); return 0; } int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) { int sig; for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) { struct sigaction sa; if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP) continue; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */ if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)) if (errno != EINVAL) return -errno; } return 0; } char *strstrip(char *s) { char *e; /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */ s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE); for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --) if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1])) break; *e = 0; return s; } char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) { char *f, *t; /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */ for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) { if (strchr(bad, *f)) continue; *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return s; } bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) { const char *i; assert(s); assert(charset); for (i = s; *i; i++) if (!strchr(charset, *i)) return false; return true; } char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) { char *e, *r; size_t k; assert(path); assert(filename); /* This removes the last component of path and appends * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the * former isn't */ if (path_is_absolute(filename)) return strdup(filename); if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/'))) return strdup(filename); k = strlen(filename); if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1))) return NULL; memcpy(r, path, e-path+1); memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1); return r; } int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) { size_t l; int r = 0; assert(path); assert(stop); l = strlen(path); /* Skip trailing slashes */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/') l--; while (l > 0) { char *t; /* Skip last component */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/') l--; /* Skip trailing slashes */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/') l--; if (l <= 0) break; if (!(t = strndup(path, l))) return -ENOMEM; if (path_startswith(stop, t)) { free(t); return 0; } r = rmdir(t); free(t); if (r < 0) if (errno != ENOENT) return -errno; } return 0; } char hexchar(int x) { static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef"; return table[x & 15]; } int unhexchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0'; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return c - 'a' + 10; if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return c - 'A' + 10; return -1; } char octchar(int x) { return '0' + (x & 7); } int unoctchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') return c - '0'; return -1; } char decchar(int x) { return '0' + (x % 10); } int undecchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0'; return -1; } char *cescape(const char *s) { char *r, *t; const char *f; assert(s); /* Does C style string escaping. */ r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1); if (!r) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) switch (*f) { case '\a': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'a'; break; case '\b': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'b'; break; case '\f': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'f'; break; case '\n': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'n'; break; case '\r': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'r'; break; case '\t': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 't'; break; case '\v': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'v'; break; case '\\': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '\\'; break; case '"': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '"'; break; case '\'': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '\''; break; default: /* For special chars we prefer octal over * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's * g_strescape() does the same */ if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) { *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6); *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3); *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f); } else *(t++) = *f; break; } *t = 0; return r; } char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) { char *r, *t; const char *f; size_t pl; assert(s); /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */ pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0; r = new(char, pl+length+1); if (!r) return r; if (prefix) memcpy(r, prefix, pl); for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) { if (*f != '\\') { *(t++) = *f; continue; } f++; switch (*f) { case 'a': *(t++) = '\a'; break; case 'b': *(t++) = '\b'; break; case 'f': *(t++) = '\f'; break; case 'n': *(t++) = '\n'; break; case 'r': *(t++) = '\r'; break; case 't': *(t++) = '\t'; break; case 'v': *(t++) = '\v'; break; case '\\': *(t++) = '\\'; break; case '"': *(t++) = '"'; break; case '\'': *(t++) = '\''; break; case 's': /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */ *(t++) = ' '; break; case 'x': { /* hexadecimal encoding */ int a, b; a = unhexchar(f[1]); b = unhexchar(f[2]); if (a < 0 || b < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'x'; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b); f += 2; } break; } case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': { /* octal encoding */ int a, b, c; a = unoctchar(f[0]); b = unoctchar(f[1]); c = unoctchar(f[2]); if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = f[0]; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c); f += 2; } break; } case 0: /* premature end of string.*/ *(t++) = '\\'; goto finish; default: /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = *f; break; } } finish: *t = 0; return r; } char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) { return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL); } char *cunescape(const char *s) { assert(s); return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s)); } char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) { char *r, *t; const char *f; /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with * cunescape. */ r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1); if (!r) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) { if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) || (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) { *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'x'; *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4); *(t++) = hexchar(*f); } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) { char *r, *t; const char *f; assert(s); /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */ if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1))) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) { if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') && !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') && !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) { *(t++) = '_'; *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4); *(t++) = hexchar(*f); } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) { char *r, *t; assert(f); if (!(r = strdup(f))) return NULL; for (t = r; *f; f++) { if (*f == '_') { int a, b; if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 || (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '_'; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b); f += 2; } } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *ascii_strlower(char *t) { char *p; assert(t); for (p = t; *p; p++) if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') *p = *p - 'A' + 'a'; return t; } static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) { assert(filename); return filename[0] == '.' || streq(filename, "lost+found") || streq(filename, "aquota.user") || streq(filename, "aquota.group") || endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") || endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") || endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") || endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") || endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") || endswith(filename, ".swp"); } bool ignore_file(const char *filename) { assert(filename); if (endswith(filename, "~")) return false; return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename); } int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) { int flags; assert(fd >= 0); if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) return -errno; if (nonblock) flags |= O_NONBLOCK; else flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK; if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) { int flags; assert(fd >= 0); if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0) return -errno; if (cloexec) flags |= FD_CLOEXEC; else flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC; if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) { unsigned i; assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset); for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++) if (fdset[i] == fd) return true; return false; } int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) { DIR *d; struct dirent *de; int r = 0; assert(n_except == 0 || except); d = opendir("/proc/self/fd"); if (!d) { int fd; struct rlimit rl; /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots) * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd * table */ assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0); for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) { if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except)) continue; if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) if (errno != EBADF && r == 0) r = -errno; } return r; } while ((de = readdir(d))) { int fd = -1; if (ignore_file(de->d_name)) continue; if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0) /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */ continue; if (fd < 3) continue; if (fd == dirfd(d)) continue; if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except)) continue; if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) { /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */ if (errno != EBADF && r == 0) r = -errno; } } closedir(d); return r; } bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) { const char *p; /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */ for (p = a; *p; p++) if (strchr(b, *p)) return true; return false; } char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { struct tm tm; time_t sec; assert(buf); assert(l > 0); if (t <= 0) return NULL; sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC); if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0) return NULL; return buf; } char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { usec_t n, d; n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME); if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t) return NULL; d = n - t; if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago", (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR)); else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE)); else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE) snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE) snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC) snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC) snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC)); else if (d > 0) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago", (unsigned long long) d); else snprintf(buf, l, "now"); buf[l-1] = 0; return buf; } char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { static const struct { const char *suffix; usec_t usec; } table[] = { { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "d", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "s", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "us", 1 }, }; unsigned i; char *p = buf; assert(buf); assert(l > 0); if (t == (usec_t) -1) return NULL; if (t == 0) { snprintf(p, l, "0"); p[l-1] = 0; return p; } /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */ for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) { int k; size_t n; if (t < table[i].usec) continue; if (l <= 1) break; k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix); n = MIN((size_t) k, l); l -= n; p += n; t %= table[i].usec; } *p = 0; return buf; } bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) { static const char table[] = "cifs\0" "smbfs\0" "ncpfs\0" "nfs\0" "nfs4\0" "gfs\0" "gfs2\0"; return nulstr_contains(table, fstype); } int chvt(int vt) { _cleanup_close_ int fd; fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return -errno; if (vt < 0) { int tiocl[2] = { TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT, 0 }; if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) return -errno; vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0]; } if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) { struct termios old_termios, new_termios; char c; char line[LINE_MAX]; assert(f); assert(ret); if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) { new_termios = old_termios; new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON; new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) { size_t k; if (t != (usec_t) -1) { if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) { tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios); return -ETIMEDOUT; } } k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f); tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios); if (k <= 0) return -EIO; if (need_nl) *need_nl = c != '\n'; *ret = c; return 0; } } if (t != (usec_t) -1) if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) return -ETIMEDOUT; if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) return -EIO; truncate_nl(line); if (strlen(line) != 1) return -EBADMSG; if (need_nl) *need_nl = false; *ret = line[0]; return 0; } int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) { assert(ret); assert(replies); assert(text); for (;;) { va_list ap; char c; int r; bool need_nl = true; if (on_tty()) fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout); va_start(ap, text); vprintf(text, ap); va_end(ap); if (on_tty()) fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout); fflush(stdout); r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl); if (r < 0) { if (r == -EBADMSG) { puts("Bad input, please try again."); continue; } putchar('\n'); return r; } if (need_nl) putchar('\n'); if (strchr(replies, c)) { *ret = c; return 0; } puts("Read unexpected character, please try again."); } } int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) { struct termios termios; int r = 0; /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */ assert(fd >= 0); /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't * interfere with that. */ /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */ ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL); /* Switch to text mode */ if (switch_to_text) ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT); /* Enable console unicode mode */ ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE); if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody * else will do that for us */ termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC); termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8; termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR; termios.c_cflag |= CREAD; termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE; termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */ termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */ termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177; termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */ termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */ termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */ termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */ termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */ termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */ termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */ termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */ termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0; termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0; termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0) r = -errno; finish: /* Just in case, flush all crap out */ tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH); return r; } int reset_terminal(const char *name) { int fd, r; fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return r; } int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) { int fd, r; unsigned c = 0; /* * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by * retrying a couple of times. * * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245 */ for (;;) { fd = open(name, mode); if (fd >= 0) break; if (errno != EIO) return -errno; /* Max 1s in total */ if (c >= 20) return -errno; usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC); c++; } if (fd < 0) return -errno; r = isatty(fd); if (r < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } if (!r) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -ENOTTY; } return fd; } int flush_fd(int fd) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLIN; for (;;) { char buf[LINE_MAX]; ssize_t l; int r; if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return -errno; } if (r == 0) return 0; if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; if (errno == EAGAIN) return 0; return -errno; } if (l <= 0) return 0; } } int acquire_terminal( const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm, usec_t timeout) { int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1; usec_t ts = 0; struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new; assert(name); /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire * it, so that we don't lose any event. * * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */ if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); if (!fail && !force) { notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0)); if (notify < 0) { r = -errno; goto fail; } wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE); if (wd < 0) { r = -errno; goto fail; } } for (;;) { if (notify >= 0) { r = flush_fd(notify); if (r < 0) goto fail; } /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed * if we already own the tty. */ zero(sa_new); sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN; sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0); /* First, try to get the tty */ if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0) r = -errno; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0); /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already * are have this controlling terminal. */ if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm) r = 0; if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) { goto fail; } if (r >= 0) break; assert(!fail); assert(!force); assert(notify >= 0); for (;;) { uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX]; ssize_t l; struct inotify_event *e; if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) { usec_t n; n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); if (ts + timeout < n) { r = -ETIMEDOUT; goto fail; } r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n); if (r < 0) goto fail; if (r == 0) { r = -ETIMEDOUT; goto fail; } } l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer)); if (l < 0) { if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN) continue; r = -errno; goto fail; } e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer; while (l > 0) { size_t step; if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) { r = -EIO; goto fail; } step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len; assert(step <= (size_t) l); e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step); l -= step; } break; } /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter * an endless loop. */ close_nointr_nofail(fd); } if (notify >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(notify); r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true); if (r < 0) log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r)); return fd; fail: if (fd >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (notify >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(notify); return r; } int release_terminal(void) { int r = 0, fd; struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new; if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) return -errno; /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed * by our own TIOCNOTTY */ zero(sa_new); sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN; sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0) r = -errno; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return r; } int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) { va_list ap; int r = 0, sig; va_start(ap, sa); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) { struct sigaction sa; va_list ap; int r = 0; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_start(ap, sig); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int default_signals(int sig, ...) { struct sigaction sa; va_list ap; int r = 0; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_start(ap, sig); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int close_pipe(int p[]) { int a = 0, b = 0; assert(p); if (p[0] >= 0) { a = close_nointr(p[0]); p[0] = -1; } if (p[1] >= 0) { b = close_nointr(p[1]); p[1] = -1; } return a < 0 ? a : b; } ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) { uint8_t *p; ssize_t n = 0; assert(fd >= 0); assert(buf); p = buf; while (nbytes > 0) { ssize_t k; if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) { if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue; if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLIN; if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return n > 0 ? n : -errno; } if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN) return n > 0 ? n : -EIO; continue; } return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0); } p += k; nbytes -= k; n += k; } return n; } ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) { const uint8_t *p; ssize_t n = 0; assert(fd >= 0); assert(buf); p = buf; while (nbytes > 0) { ssize_t k; k = write(fd, p, nbytes); if (k <= 0) { if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue; if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLOUT; if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return n > 0 ? n : -errno; } if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT) return n > 0 ? n : -EIO; continue; } return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0); } p += k; nbytes -= k; n += k; } return n; } int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) { static const struct { const char *suffix; usec_t usec; } table[] = { { "seconds", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "second", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "s", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "minutes", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "minute", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "months", USEC_PER_MONTH }, { "month", USEC_PER_MONTH }, { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "hours", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "hour", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "days", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "day", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "d", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "weeks", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "week", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "years", USEC_PER_YEAR }, { "year", USEC_PER_YEAR }, { "y", USEC_PER_YEAR }, { "usec", 1ULL }, { "us", 1ULL }, { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */ }; const char *p; usec_t r = 0; assert(t); assert(usec); p = t; do { long long l; char *e; unsigned i; errno = 0; l = strtoll(p, &e, 10); if (errno != 0) return -errno; if (l < 0) return -ERANGE; if (e == p) return -EINVAL; e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE); for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) { r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec; p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix); break; } if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) return -EINVAL; } while (*p != 0); *usec = r; return 0; } int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) { static const struct { const char *suffix; nsec_t nsec; } table[] = { { "seconds", NSEC_PER_SEC }, { "second", NSEC_PER_SEC }, { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC }, { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC }, { "minutes", NSEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "minute", NSEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "months", NSEC_PER_MONTH }, { "month", NSEC_PER_MONTH }, { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC }, { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC }, { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "hours", NSEC_PER_HOUR }, { "hour", NSEC_PER_HOUR }, { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR }, { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR }, { "days", NSEC_PER_DAY }, { "day", NSEC_PER_DAY }, { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY }, { "weeks", NSEC_PER_WEEK }, { "week", NSEC_PER_WEEK }, { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK }, { "years", NSEC_PER_YEAR }, { "year", NSEC_PER_YEAR }, { "y", NSEC_PER_YEAR }, { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC }, { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC }, { "nsec", 1ULL }, { "ns", 1ULL }, { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */ }; const char *p; nsec_t r = 0; assert(t); assert(nsec); p = t; do { long long l; char *e; unsigned i; errno = 0; l = strtoll(p, &e, 10); if (errno != 0) return -errno; if (l < 0) return -ERANGE; if (e == p) return -EINVAL; e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE); for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) { r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec; p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix); break; } if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) return -EINVAL; } while (*p != 0); *nsec = r; return 0; } int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) { static const struct { const char *suffix; off_t factor; } table[] = { { "B", 1 }, { "K", 1024ULL }, { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "", 1 }, }; const char *p; off_t r = 0; assert(t); assert(bytes); p = t; do { long long l; char *e; unsigned i; errno = 0; l = strtoll(p, &e, 10); if (errno != 0) return -errno; if (l < 0) return -ERANGE; if (e == p) return -EINVAL; e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE); for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) { r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor; p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix); break; } if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) return -EINVAL; } while (*p != 0); *bytes = r; return 0; } int make_stdio(int fd) { int r, s, t; assert(fd >= 0); r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0); s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0); t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0); if (fd >= 3) close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0) return -errno; /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */ return 0; } int make_null_stdio(void) { int null_fd; null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY); if (null_fd < 0) return -errno; return make_stdio(null_fd); } bool is_device_path(const char *path) { /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in * sysfs or in /dev */ return path_startswith(path, "/dev/") || path_startswith(path, "/sys/"); } int dir_is_empty(const char *path) { _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d; int r; d = opendir(path); if (!d) return -errno; for (;;) { struct dirent *de; union dirent_storage buf; r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de); if (r > 0) return -r; if (!de) return 1; if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) return 0; } } unsigned long long random_ull(void) { _cleanup_close_ int fd; uint64_t ull; ssize_t r; fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY); if (fd < 0) goto fallback; r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true); if (r != sizeof(ull)) goto fallback; return ull; fallback: return random() * RAND_MAX + random(); } void rename_process(const char name[8]) { assert(name); /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be * truncated */ prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name); if (program_invocation_name) strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name)); if (saved_argc > 0) { int i; if (saved_argv[0]) strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0])); for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) { if (!saved_argv[i]) break; memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i])); } } } void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) { va_list ap; int sig; assert(ss); va_start(ap, ss); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0); va_end(ap); } char* gethostname_malloc(void) { struct utsname u; assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0); if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)")) return strdup(u.nodename); return strdup(u.sysname); } bool hostname_is_set(void) { struct utsname u; assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0); return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"); } static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) { long bufsize; char *name; _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL; struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL; /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */ if (uid == 0) return strdup("root"); bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX); if (bufsize <= 0) bufsize = 4096; buf = malloc(bufsize); if (!buf) return NULL; if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) return strdup(pw->pw_name); if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0) return NULL; return name; } char* getlogname_malloc(void) { uid_t uid; struct stat st; if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0) uid = st.st_uid; else uid = getuid(); return lookup_uid(uid); } char *getusername_malloc(void) { const char *e; e = getenv("USER"); if (e) return strdup(e); return lookup_uid(getuid()); } int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) { char path[PATH_MAX], *c; int k; assert(r); k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path)); if (k != 0) return -k; char_array_0(path); c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path); if (!c) return -ENOMEM; *r = c; return 0; } int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) { int k; char *s; k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s); if (k < 0) return k; if (streq(s, "tty")) { free(s); return get_ctty(0, NULL, r); } *r = s; return 0; } int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) { int k; char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn; unsigned long ttynr; FILE *f; if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0) return -ENOMEM; f = fopen(fn, "re"); free(fn); if (!f) return -errno; if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) { k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno; fclose(f); return k; } fclose(f); p = strrchr(line, ')'); if (!p) return -EIO; p++; if (sscanf(p, " " "%*c " /* state */ "%*d " /* ppid */ "%*d " /* pgrp */ "%*d " /* session */ "%lu ", /* ttynr */ &ttynr) != 1) return -EIO; *d = (dev_t) ttynr; return 0; } int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) { int k; char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p; dev_t devnr; assert(r); k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr); if (k < 0) return k; snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr)); char_array_0(fn); if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) { if (k != -ENOENT) return k; /* This is an ugly hack */ if (major(devnr) == 136) { if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0) return -ENOMEM; *r = b; if (_devnr) *_devnr = devnr; return 0; } /* Probably something like the ptys which have no * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something * vaguely useful. */ if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5))) return -ENOMEM; *r = b; if (_devnr) *_devnr = devnr; return 0; } if (startswith(s, "/dev/")) p = s + 5; else if (startswith(s, "../")) p = s + 3; else p = s; b = strdup(p); free(s); if (!b) return -ENOMEM; *r = b; if (_devnr) *_devnr = devnr; return 0; } int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) { DIR *d; int ret = 0; assert(fd >= 0); /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */ d = fdopendir(fd); if (!d) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno; } for (;;) { struct dirent *de; union dirent_storage buf; bool is_dir, keep_around; struct stat st; int r; r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de); if (r != 0 && ret == 0) { ret = -r; break; } if (!de) break; if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, "..")) continue; if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN || honour_sticky || (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) { if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; continue; } is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); keep_around = honour_sticky && (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX); } else { is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR; keep_around = false; } if (is_dir) { int subdir_fd; /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */ if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev) continue; subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME); if (subdir_fd < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; continue; } r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev); if (r < 0 && ret == 0) ret = r; if (!keep_around) if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; } } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) { if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; } } } closedir(d); return ret; } static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) { assert(s); return s->f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || (long)s->f_type == (long)RAMFS_MAGIC; } int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) { struct statfs s; assert(fd >= 0); if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove * non-state data */ if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) { log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that."); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -EPERM; } return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev); } static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) { int fd, r; struct statfs s; assert(path); /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really * seriously broken system. */ if (path_equal(path, "/")) { log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that."); return -EPERM; } fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME); if (fd < 0) { if (errno != ENOTDIR) return -errno; if (!dangerous) { if (statfs(path, &s) < 0) return -errno; if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) { log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that."); return -EPERM; } } if (delete_root && !only_dirs) if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) return -errno; return 0; } if (!dangerous) { if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) { log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that."); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -EPERM; } } r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL); if (delete_root) { if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0) return r; if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) { if (r == 0) r = -errno; } } return r; } int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) { return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false); } int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) { return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true); } int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) { assert(path); /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we * first change the access mode and only then hand out * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */ if (mode != (mode_t) -1) if (chmod(path, mode) < 0) return -errno; if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) { assert(fd >= 0); /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we * first change the access mode and only then hand out * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */ if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0) return -errno; if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) { cpu_set_t *r; unsigned n = 1024; /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */ for (;;) { if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n))) return NULL; if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) { CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r); if (ncpus) *ncpus = n; return r; } CPU_FREE(r); if (errno != EINVAL) return NULL; n *= 2; } } int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) { static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */ _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL; _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1; struct iovec iovec[5]; int n = 0; assert(format); /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are * optional and go exclusively to the console. */ if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0) return log_oom(); fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; if (ellipse) { char *e; size_t emax, sl; int c; c = fd_columns(fd); if (c <= 0) c = 80; sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0; emax = c - sl - 1; if (emax < 3) emax = 3; e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75); if (e) { free(s); s = e; } } zero(iovec); if (status) { if (!isempty(status)) { IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "["); IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status); IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] "); } else IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent); } IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s); IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n"); if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) { va_list ap; int r; assert(format); va_start(ap, format); r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap); va_end(ap); return r; } int status_welcome(void) { int r; _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL; r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE, "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name, "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color, NULL); if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r)); return status_printf(NULL, false, "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n", isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color, isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name); } char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) { enum { WORD, CURLY, VARIABLE } state = WORD; const char *e, *word = format; char *r = NULL, *k; assert(format); for (e = format; *e; e ++) { switch (state) { case WORD: if (*e == '$') state = CURLY; break; case CURLY: if (*e == '{') { if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e-1; state = VARIABLE; } else if (*e == '$') { if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e+1; state = WORD; } else state = WORD; break; case VARIABLE: if (*e == '}') { const char *t; if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2))) t = ""; if (!(k = strappend(r, t))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e+1; state = WORD; } break; } } if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word))) goto fail; free(r); return k; fail: free(r); return NULL; } char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) { char **r, **i; unsigned k = 0, l = 0; l = strv_length(argv); if (!(r = new(char*, l+1))) return NULL; STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) { /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */ if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') { char *e; char **w, **m; unsigned q; if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) { if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) { r[k] = NULL; strv_free(r); return NULL; } } else m = NULL; q = strv_length(m); l = l + q - 1; if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) { r[k] = NULL; strv_free(r); strv_free(m); return NULL; } r = w; if (m) { memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*)); free(m); } k += q; continue; } /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */ if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) { strv_free(r); return NULL; } } r[k] = NULL; return r; } int fd_columns(int fd) { struct winsize ws; zero(ws); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0) return -errno; if (ws.ws_col <= 0) return -EIO; return ws.ws_col; } unsigned columns(void) { const char *e; unsigned c; if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0)) return cached_columns; c = 0; e = getenv("COLUMNS"); if (e) safe_atou(e, &c); if (c <= 0) c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO); if (c <= 0) c = 80; cached_columns = c; return c; } int fd_lines(int fd) { struct winsize ws; zero(ws); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0) return -errno; if (ws.ws_row <= 0) return -EIO; return ws.ws_row; } unsigned lines(void) { const char *e; unsigned l; if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0)) return cached_lines; l = 0; e = getenv("LINES"); if (e) safe_atou(e, &l); if (l <= 0) l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO); if (l <= 0) l = 24; cached_lines = l; return cached_lines; } /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */ void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) { cached_columns = 0; cached_lines = 0; } bool on_tty(void) { static int cached_on_tty = -1; if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0)) cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0; return cached_on_tty; } int running_in_chroot(void) { struct stat a, b; zero(a); zero(b); /* Only works as root */ if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0) return -errno; if (stat("/", &b) < 0) return -errno; return a.st_dev != b.st_dev || a.st_ino != b.st_ino; } char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) { size_t x; char *r; assert(s); assert(percent <= 100); assert(new_length >= 3); if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length) return strndup(s, old_length); r = new0(char, new_length+1); if (!r) return r; x = (new_length * percent) / 100; if (x > new_length - 3) x = new_length - 3; memcpy(r, s, x); r[x] = '.'; r[x+1] = '.'; r[x+2] = '.'; memcpy(r + x + 3, s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3), new_length - x - 3); return r; } char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) { return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent); } int touch(const char *path) { int fd; assert(path); /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch * does it. */ fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644); if (fd < 0) return -errno; close_nointr_nofail(fd); return 0; } char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) { size_t l; assert(s); /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one * day...*/ l = strlen(s); if (l < 2) return strdup(s); if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0]) return strndup(s+1, l-2); return strdup(s); } char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) { _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL; char *eq, *r; eq = strchr(s, '='); if (!eq) { char *t; r = strdup(s); if (!r) return NULL; t = strstrip(r); if (t == r) return r; memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1); return r; } name = strndup(s, eq - s); if (!name) return NULL; p = strdup(eq + 1); if (!p) return NULL; value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES); if (!value) return NULL; if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0) r = NULL; return r; } int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) { siginfo_t dummy; assert(pid >= 1); if (!status) status = &dummy; for (;;) { zero(*status); if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return -errno; } return 0; } } int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) { int r; siginfo_t status; assert(name); assert(pid > 1); r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status); if (r < 0) { log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r)); return r; } if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) { if (status.si_status != 0) { log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status); return status.si_status; } log_debug("%s succeeded.", name); return 0; } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED || status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) { log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status)); return -EPROTO; } log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name); return -EPROTO; } _noreturn_ void freeze(void) { /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */ close_all_fds(NULL, 0); sync(); for (;;) pause(); } bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) { assert(st); if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0) return true; if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) return true; return false; } int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) { struct stat st; assert(fn); if (stat(fn, &st) < 0) return -errno; return null_or_empty(&st); } DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) { int nfd; DIR *d; nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags); if (nfd < 0) return NULL; d = fdopendir(nfd); if (!d) { close_nointr_nofail(nfd); return NULL; } return d; } int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) { int signo; assert(s); signo = signal_from_string(s); if (signo <= 0) if (startswith(s, "SIG")) return signal_from_string(s+3); return signo; } void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) { assert(f); assert(name); assert(t); if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t)) return; fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) t->realtime, (unsigned long long) t->monotonic); } void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) { unsigned long long a, b; assert(value); assert(t); if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2) log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value); else { t->realtime = a; t->monotonic = b; } } static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) { char *dn, *t, *u; int r; /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid * UTF8 chars unescaped */ u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'"); if (u == NULL) return NULL; t = xescape(u, "/ "); free(u); if (t == NULL) return NULL; r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t); free(t); if (r < 0) return NULL; return dn; } char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) { assert(p); if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label"); if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid"); if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID=")) return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid"); if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL=")) return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel"); return strdup(p); } bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) { assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0; } bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) { assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; return streq(tty, "console"); } int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) { int i, r; assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; if (!startswith(tty, "tty") ) return -EINVAL; if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9') return -EINVAL; r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i); if (r < 0) return r; if (i < 0 || i > 63) return -EINVAL; return i; } bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) { char *active = NULL; bool b; assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign * for container setups) */ if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0) if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) { /* If multiple log outputs are configured the * last one is what /dev/console points to */ tty = strrchr(active, ' '); if (tty) tty++; else tty = active; } b = tty_is_vc(tty); free(active); return b; } const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) { assert(tty); return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102"; } bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) { assert(de); if (ignore_file(de->d_name)) return false; if (de->d_type != DT_REG && de->d_type != DT_LNK && de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) return false; return true; } bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) { assert(de); if (de->d_type != DT_REG && de->d_type != DT_LNK && de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) return false; if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name)) return false; return endswith(de->d_name, suffix); } void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) { DIR *_d = NULL; struct dirent *de; Hashmap *pids = NULL; assert(directory); /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits * until all they all finished. */ if (!d) { if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) { if (errno == ENOENT) return; log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory); return; } d = _d; } if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) { log_error("Failed to allocate set."); goto finish; } while ((de = readdir(d))) { char *path; pid_t pid; int k; if (!dirent_is_file(de)) continue; if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) { log_oom(); continue; } if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { log_error("Failed to fork: %m"); free(path); continue; } if (pid == 0) { char *_argv[2]; /* Child */ if (!argv) { _argv[0] = path; _argv[1] = NULL; argv = _argv; } else argv[0] = path; execv(path, argv); log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path); _exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid); if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) { log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k)); free(path); } } while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) { pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids)); siginfo_t si; char *path; zero(si); if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; log_error("waitid() failed: %m"); goto finish; } if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) { if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) { if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED) log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status); else log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status)); } else log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path); free(path); } } finish: if (_d) closedir(_d); if (pids) hashmap_free_free(pids); } int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) { int r; r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0; if (r >= 0) kill(pid, SIGCONT); return r; } bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) { const char *i; if (!nulstr) return false; NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr) if (streq(i, needle)) return true; return false; } bool plymouth_running(void) { return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0; } char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) { assert(s); if (l < strlen(s)) s[l] = 0; return s; } static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) { return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.'; } bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) { const char *p; if (isempty(s)) return false; for (p = s; *p; p++) if (!hostname_valid_char(*p)) return false; if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX) return false; return true; } char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) { char *p, *d; for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++) if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') || (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') || (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') || *p == '-' || *p == '_' || *p == '.') *(d++) = *p; *d = 0; strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX); return s; } int pipe_eof(int fd) { struct pollfd pollfd; int r; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP; r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0); if (r < 0) return -errno; if (r == 0) return 0; return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP; } int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) { struct pollfd pollfd; int r; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = event; r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC)); if (r < 0) return -errno; if (r == 0) return 0; return pollfd.revents; } int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) { FILE *f; char *t; const char *fn; size_t k; int fd; assert(path); assert(_f); assert(_temp_path); t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1); if (!t) return -ENOMEM; fn = path_get_file_name(path); k = fn-path; memcpy(t, path, k); t[k] = '.'; stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX"); fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) { free(t); return -errno; } f = fdopen(fd, "we"); if (!f) { unlink(t); free(t); return -errno; } *_f = f; *_temp_path = t; return 0; } int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) { assert(fd >= 0); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) { int fd, r; fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return r; } int vt_disallocate(const char *name) { int fd, r; unsigned u; /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */ if (!startswith(name, "/dev/")) return -EINVAL; if (!tty_is_vc(name)) { /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; loop_write(fd, "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */ "\033[H" /* move home */ "\033[2J", /* clear screen */ 10, false); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return 0; } if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty")) return -EINVAL; r = safe_atou(name+8, &u); if (r < 0) return r; if (u <= 0) return -EINVAL; /* Try to deallocate */ fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u); close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (r >= 0) return 0; if (errno != EBUSY) return -errno; /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with * scrollback */ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC); if (fd < 0) return fd; loop_write(fd, "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */ "\033[H" /* move home */ "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */ 10, false); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return 0; } int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) { int r, fdf, fdt; assert(from); assert(to); fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY); if (fdf < 0) return -errno; fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644); if (fdt < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fdf); return -errno; } for (;;) { char buf[PIPE_BUF]; ssize_t n, k; n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf)); if (n < 0) { r = -errno; close_nointr_nofail(fdf); close_nointr(fdt); unlink(to); return r; } if (n == 0) break; errno = 0; k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false); if (n != k) { r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO); close_nointr_nofail(fdf); close_nointr(fdt); unlink(to); return r; } } close_nointr_nofail(fdf); r = close_nointr(fdt); if (r < 0) { unlink(to); return r; } return 0; } int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) { char *x; _cleanup_free_ char *t; const char *fn; size_t k; unsigned long long ull; unsigned i; int r; assert(from); assert(to); t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1); if (!t) return -ENOMEM; fn = path_get_file_name(to); k = fn-to; memcpy(t, to, k); t[k] = '.'; x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn); ull = random_ull(); for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) { *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF); ull >>= 4; } *x = 0; if (symlink(from, t) < 0) return -errno; if (rename(t, to) < 0) { r = -errno; unlink(t); return r; } return 0; } bool display_is_local(const char *display) { assert(display); return display[0] == ':' && display[1] >= '0' && display[1] <= '9'; } int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) { size_t k; char *f, *c; assert(display); assert(path); if (!display_is_local(display)) return -EINVAL; k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789"); f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k); if (!f) return -ENOMEM; c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X"); memcpy(c, display+1, k); c[k] = 0; *path = f; return 0; } int get_user_creds( const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home, const char **shell) { struct passwd *p; uid_t u; assert(username); assert(*username); /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */ if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) { *username = "root"; if (uid) *uid = 0; if (gid) *gid = 0; if (home) *home = "/root"; if (shell) *shell = "/bin/sh"; return 0; } if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) { errno = 0; p = getpwuid(u); /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead * of the first occurrence in the database. However if * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */ if (p) *username = p->pw_name; } else { errno = 0; p = getpwnam(*username); } if (!p) return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH; if (uid) *uid = p->pw_uid; if (gid) *gid = p->pw_gid; if (home) *home = p->pw_dir; if (shell) *shell = p->pw_shell; return 0; } int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) { struct group *g; gid_t id; assert(groupname); /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */ if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) { *groupname = "root"; if (gid) *gid = 0; return 0; } if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) { errno = 0; g = getgrgid(id); if (g) *groupname = g->gr_name; } else { errno = 0; g = getgrnam(*groupname); } if (!g) return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH; if (gid) *gid = g->gr_gid; return 0; } int in_group(const char *name) { gid_t gid, *gids; int ngroups_max, r, i; r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid); if (r < 0) return r; if (getgid() == gid) return 1; if (getegid() == gid) return 1; ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX); assert(ngroups_max > 0); gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max); r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids); if (r < 0) return -errno; for (i = 0; i < r; i++) if (gids[i] == gid) return 1; return 0; } int glob_exists(const char *path) { glob_t g; int r, k; assert(path); zero(g); errno = 0; k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g); if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH) r = 0; else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE) r = -ENOMEM; else if (k == 0) r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv); else r = errno ? -errno : -EIO; globfree(&g); return r; } int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) { struct stat st; assert(d); assert(de); if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) return 0; if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) return -errno; de->d_type = S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG : S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR : S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK : S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO : S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK : S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR : S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK : DT_UNKNOWN; return 0; } int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) { char **i, *parent; int r; r = path_get_parent(path, &parent); if (r < 0) return r; r = 0; STRV_FOREACH(i, search) { if (path_equal(parent, *i)) { r = 1; break; } } free(parent); return r; } int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) { DIR *d; int r = 0; unsigned n = 0; char **l = NULL; assert(path); /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the * number */ d = opendir(path); if (!d) return -errno; for (;;) { struct dirent *de; union dirent_storage buf; int k; k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de); if (k != 0) { r = -k; goto finish; } if (!de) break; dirent_ensure_type(d, de); if (!dirent_is_file(de)) continue; if (list) { if ((unsigned) r >= n) { char **t; n = MAX(16, 2*r); t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n); if (!t) { r = -ENOMEM; goto finish; } l = t; } assert((unsigned) r < n); l[r] = strdup(de->d_name); if (!l[r]) { r = -ENOMEM; goto finish; } l[++r] = NULL; } else r++; } finish: if (d) closedir(d); if (r >= 0) { if (list) *list = l; } else strv_free(l); return r; } char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) { va_list ap; size_t l; char *r, *p; va_start(ap, x); if (x) { l = strlen(x); for (;;) { const char *t; size_t n; t = va_arg(ap, const char *); if (!t) break; n = strlen(t); if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) { va_end(ap); return NULL; } l += n; } } else l = 0; va_end(ap); r = new(char, l+1); if (!r) return NULL; if (x) { p = stpcpy(r, x); va_start(ap, x); for (;;) { const char *t; t = va_arg(ap, const char *); if (!t) break; p = stpcpy(p, t); } va_end(ap); } else r[0] = 0; return r; } bool is_main_thread(void) { static __thread int cached = 0; if (_unlikely_(cached == 0)) cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1; return cached > 0; } int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) { char *p, *s; int r; unsigned n, m; assert(ret); /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = access(p, F_OK); free(p); if (r >= 0) { *ret = d; return 0; } /* If it is a partition find the originating device */ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = access(p, F_OK); free(p); if (r < 0) return -ENOENT; /* Get parent dev_t */ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = read_one_line_file(p, &s); free(p); if (r < 0) return r; r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n); free(s); if (r != 2) return -EINVAL; /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = access(p, F_OK); free(p); if (r >= 0) { *ret = makedev(m, n); return 0; } return -ENOENT; } int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) { struct stat st; assert(p); if (lstat(p, &st) < 0) return -errno; return (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) && (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX); } static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = { [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none", [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime", [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort", [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX); static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = { [CLD_EXITED] = "exited", [CLD_KILLED] = "killed", [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped", [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped", [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped", [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued", }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int); static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = { [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern", [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user", [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail", [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon", [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth", [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr", [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news", [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp", [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron", [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv", [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0)); static const char *const log_level_table[] = { [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg", [LOG_ALERT] = "alert", [LOG_CRIT] = "crit", [LOG_ERR] = "err", [LOG_WARNING] = "warning", [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice", [LOG_INFO] = "info", [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG); static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = { [SCHED_OTHER] = "other", [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch", [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle", [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo", [SCHED_RR] = "rr" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX); static const char* const rlimit_table[] = { [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU", [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE", [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA", [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK", [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE", [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS", [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE", [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS", [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC", [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK", [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS", [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING", [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE", [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE", [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO", [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int); static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = { [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay", [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput", [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability", [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost", }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff); static const char *const __signal_table[] = { [SIGHUP] = "HUP", [SIGINT] = "INT", [SIGQUIT] = "QUIT", [SIGILL] = "ILL", [SIGTRAP] = "TRAP", [SIGABRT] = "ABRT", [SIGBUS] = "BUS", [SIGFPE] = "FPE", [SIGKILL] = "KILL", [SIGUSR1] = "USR1", [SIGSEGV] = "SEGV", [SIGUSR2] = "USR2", [SIGPIPE] = "PIPE", [SIGALRM] = "ALRM", [SIGTERM] = "TERM", #ifdef SIGSTKFLT [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */ #endif [SIGCHLD] = "CHLD", [SIGCONT] = "CONT", [SIGSTOP] = "STOP", [SIGTSTP] = "TSTP", [SIGTTIN] = "TTIN", [SIGTTOU] = "TTOU", [SIGURG] = "URG", [SIGXCPU] = "XCPU", [SIGXFSZ] = "XFSZ", [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM", [SIGPROF] = "PROF", [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH", [SIGIO] = "IO", [SIGPWR] = "PWR", [SIGSYS] = "SYS" }; DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int); const char *signal_to_string(int signo) { static __thread char buf[12]; const char *name; name = __signal_to_string(signo); if (name) return name; if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX) snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN); else snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo); char_array_0(buf); return buf; } int signal_from_string(const char *s) { int signo; int offset = 0; unsigned u; signo = __signal_from_string(s); if (signo > 0) return signo; if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) { s += 6; offset = SIGRTMIN; } if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) { signo = (int) u + offset; if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG) return signo; } return -1; } bool kexec_loaded(void) { bool loaded = false; char *s; if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) { if (s[0] == '1') loaded = true; free(s); } return loaded; } int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) { char *c; assert(b); if (!a) { *b = NULL; return 0; } c = strdup(a); if (!c) return -ENOMEM; *b = c; return 0; } int prot_from_flags(int flags) { switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) { case O_RDONLY: return PROT_READ; case O_WRONLY: return PROT_WRITE; case O_RDWR: return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE; default: return -EINVAL; } } char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) { unsigned i; static const struct { const char *suffix; off_t factor; } table[] = { { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL }, { "K", 1024ULL }, }; for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) { if (t >= table[i].factor) { snprintf(buf, l, "%llu.%llu%s", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor), (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL), table[i].suffix); goto finish; } } snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t); finish: buf[l-1] = 0; return buf; } void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) { void *r; assert(p); r = malloc(l); if (!r) return NULL; memcpy(r, p, l); return r; } int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) { int r, value; socklen_t l = sizeof(value); r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l); if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2) return 0; value = (int) n; r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)); if (r < 0) return -errno; return 1; } int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) { int r, value; socklen_t l = sizeof(value); r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l); if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2) return 0; value = (int) n; r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)); if (r < 0) return -errno; return 1; } int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) { pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid; int fd; bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty; unsigned n, i; va_list ap; char **l; assert(pid); assert(path); parent_pid = getpid(); /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when * we go away */ agent_pid = fork(); if (agent_pid < 0) return -errno; if (agent_pid != 0) { *pid = agent_pid; return 0; } /* In the child: * * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */ if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0) _exit(EXIT_FAILURE); /* Check whether our parent died before we were able * to set the death signal */ if (getppid() != parent_pid) _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); /* Don't leak fds to the agent */ close_all_fds(except, n_except); stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO); stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO); if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) { /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen * /dev/tty for them. This is important to * ensure that when systemctl is started via * popen() or a similar call that expects to * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and * not delay this indefinitely by because we * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */ fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY); if (fd < 0) { log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m"); _exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (!stdout_is_tty) dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO); if (!stderr_is_tty) dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO); if (fd > 2) close(fd); } /* Count arguments */ va_start(ap, path); for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++) ; va_end(ap); /* Allocate strv */ l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1)); /* Fill in arguments */ va_start(ap, path); for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*); va_end(ap); execv(path, l); _exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) { struct rlimit highest, fixed; assert(rlim); if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0) return 0; if (errno != EPERM) return -errno; /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try * to get as close as we can */ assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0); fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max); fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max); if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) { char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL; int r; FILE *f; bool done = false; size_t l; assert(field); assert(_value); if (pid == 0) pid = getpid(); snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid); char_array_0(path); f = fopen(path, "re"); if (!f) return -errno; l = strlen(field); r = 0; do { char line[LINE_MAX]; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) { int c; c = getc(f); if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) { done = true; break; } else if (c == 0) break; line[i] = c; } line[i] = 0; if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') { value = strdup(line + l + 1); if (!value) { r = -ENOMEM; break; } r = 1; break; } } while (!done); fclose(f); if (r >= 0) *_value = value; return r; } int can_sleep(const char *type) { char *w, *state; size_t l, k; int r; _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL; assert(type); r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p); if (r < 0) return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r; k = strlen(type); FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0) return true; return false; } int can_sleep_disk(const char *type) { char *w, *state; size_t l, k; int r; _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL; assert(type); r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/disk", &p); if (r < 0) return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r; k = strlen(type); FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state) { if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0) return true; if (l == k + 2 && w[0] == '[' && memcmp(w + 1, type, l - 2) == 0 && w[l-1] == ']') return true; } return false; } bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) { assert(url); if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7]) return true; if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8]) return true; if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5]) return true; if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5]) return true; if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4]) return true; return false; } bool in_initrd(void) { static __thread int saved = -1; struct statfs s; if (saved >= 0) return saved; /* We make two checks here: * * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system * * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd. */ saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 && statfs("/", &s) >= 0 && is_temporary_fs(&s); return saved; } void warn_melody(void) { _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1; fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY); if (fd < 0) return; /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */ ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440)); usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC); ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220)); usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC); ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220)); usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC); ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0); } int make_console_stdio(void) { int fd, r; /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */ fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1); if (fd < 0) { log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd)); return fd; } r = make_stdio(fd); if (r < 0) { log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r)); return r; } return 0; } int get_home_dir(char **_h) { char *h; const char *e; uid_t u; struct passwd *p; assert(_h); /* Take the user specified one */ e = getenv("HOME"); if (e) { h = strdup(e); if (!h) return -ENOMEM; *_h = h; return 0; } /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */ u = getuid(); if (u == 0) { h = strdup("/root"); if (!h) return -ENOMEM; *_h = h; return 0; } /* Check the database... */ errno = 0; p = getpwuid(u); if (!p) return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH; if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir)) return -EINVAL; h = strdup(p->pw_dir); if (!h) return -ENOMEM; *_h = h; return 0; } int get_shell(char **_sh) { char *sh; const char *e; uid_t u; struct passwd *p; assert(_sh); /* Take the user specified one */ e = getenv("SHELL"); if (e) { sh = strdup(e); if (!sh) return -ENOMEM; *_sh = sh; return 0; } /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */ u = getuid(); if (u == 0) { sh = strdup("/bin/sh"); if (!sh) return -ENOMEM; *_sh = sh; return 0; } /* Check the database... */ errno = 0; p = getpwuid(u); if (!p) return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH; if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell)) return -EINVAL; sh = strdup(p->pw_shell); if (!sh) return -ENOMEM; *_sh = sh; return 0; } void freep(void *p) { free(*(void**) p); } void fclosep(FILE **f) { if (*f) fclose(*f); } void closep(int *fd) { if (*fd >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(*fd); } void closedirp(DIR **d) { if (*d) closedir(*d); } void umaskp(mode_t *u) { umask(*u); } bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) { if (isempty(p)) return false; if (strchr(p, '/')) return false; if (streq(p, ".")) return false; if (streq(p, "..")) return false; if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX) return false; return true; } bool string_is_safe(const char *p) { const char *t; assert(p); for (t = p; *t; t++) { if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ') return false; if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t)) return false; } return true; } int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec) { const char *k; struct tm tm, copy; time_t x; usec_t plus = 0, minus = 0, ret; int r; /* * Allowed syntaxes: * * 2012-09-22 16:34:22 * 2012-09-22 16:34 (seconds will be set to 0) * 2012-09-22 (time will be set to 00:00:00) * 16:34:22 (date will be set to today) * 16:34 (date will be set to today, seconds to 0) * now * yesterday (time is set to 00:00:00) * today (time is set to 00:00:00) * tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00) * +5min * -5days * */ assert(t); assert(usec); x = time(NULL); assert_se(localtime_r(&x, &tm)); if (streq(t, "now")) goto finish; else if (streq(t, "today")) { tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; goto finish; } else if (streq(t, "yesterday")) { tm.tm_mday --; tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; goto finish; } else if (streq(t, "tomorrow")) { tm.tm_mday ++; tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; goto finish; } else if (t[0] == '+') { r = parse_usec(t+1, &plus); if (r < 0) return r; goto finish; } else if (t[0] == '-') { r = parse_usec(t+1, &minus); if (r < 0) return r; goto finish; } copy = tm; k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) goto finish; tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) goto finish; tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) { tm.tm_sec = 0; goto finish; } tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) { tm.tm_sec = 0; goto finish; } tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) { tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; goto finish; } tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) { tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; goto finish; } tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%H:%M:%S", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) goto finish; tm = copy; k = strptime(t, "%H:%M", &tm); if (k && *k == 0) { tm.tm_sec = 0; goto finish; } return -EINVAL; finish: x = mktime(&tm); if (x == (time_t) -1) return -EINVAL; ret = (usec_t) x * USEC_PER_SEC; ret += plus; if (ret > minus) ret -= minus; else ret = 0; *usec = ret; return 0; } /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */ void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) { size_t l, u, idx; const void *p; int comparison; l = 0; u = nmemb; while (l < u) { idx = (l + u) / 2; p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size)); comparison = compar(key, p, arg); if (comparison < 0) u = idx; else if (comparison > 0) l = idx + 1; else return (void *)p; } return NULL; } bool is_locale_utf8(void) { const char *set; static int cached_answer = -1; if (cached_answer >= 0) goto out; if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) { cached_answer = true; goto out; } set = nl_langinfo(CODESET); if (!set) { cached_answer = true; goto out; } cached_answer = streq(set, "UTF-8"); out: return (bool)cached_answer; } const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) { static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = { /* UTF-8 */ { [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */ [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */ [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */ [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243 ", /* ‣ */ }, /* ASCII fallback */ { [DRAW_TREE_VERT] = "| ", [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-", [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-", [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "> ", } }; return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch]; } char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) { const char *f; char *t, *r; size_t l, old_len, new_len; assert(text); assert(old_string); assert(new_string); old_len = strlen(old_string); new_len = strlen(new_string); l = strlen(text); r = new(char, l+1); if (!r) return NULL; f = text; t = r; while (*f) { char *a; size_t d, nl; if (!startswith(f, old_string)) { *(t++) = *(f++); continue; } d = t - r; nl = l - old_len + new_len; a = realloc(r, nl + 1); if (!a) goto oom; l = nl; r = a; t = r + d; t = stpcpy(t, new_string); f += old_len; } *t = 0; return r; oom: free(r); return NULL; }