/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/ /*** This file is part of systemd. Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with systemd; If not, see . ***/ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "macro.h" #include "util.h" #include "ioprio.h" #include "missing.h" #include "log.h" #include "strv.h" #include "label.h" #include "exit-status.h" #include "hashmap.h" bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) { /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */ if (a && b) return streq(a, b); if (!a && !b) return true; return false; } usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) { struct timespec ts; assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0); return timespec_load(&ts); } dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) { assert(ts); ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME); ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); return ts; } usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) { assert(ts); return (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC + (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC; } struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) { assert(ts); ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC); ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC); return ts; } usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) { assert(tv); return (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC + (usec_t) tv->tv_usec; } struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) { assert(tv); tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC); tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC); return tv; } bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) { size_t sl, pl; assert(s); assert(postfix); sl = strlen(s); pl = strlen(postfix); if (pl == 0) return true; if (sl < pl) return false; return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0; } bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) { size_t sl, pl; assert(s); assert(prefix); sl = strlen(s); pl = strlen(prefix); if (pl == 0) return true; if (sl < pl) return false; return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0; } bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) { size_t sl, pl; unsigned i; assert(s); assert(prefix); sl = strlen(s); pl = strlen(prefix); if (pl == 0) return true; if (sl < pl) return false; for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) { if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i])) return false; } return true; } bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) { size_t sl, wl; assert(s); assert(word); sl = strlen(s); wl = strlen(word); if (sl < wl) return false; if (wl == 0) return true; if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0) return false; return s[wl] == 0 || strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]); } int close_nointr(int fd) { assert(fd >= 0); for (;;) { int r; if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0) return r; if (errno != EINTR) return r; } } void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) { int saved_errno = errno; /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno * is unchanged */ assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0); errno = saved_errno; } void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) { unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++) close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]); } int parse_boolean(const char *v) { assert(v); if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on")) return 1; else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off")) return 0; return -EINVAL; } int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) { unsigned long ul = 0; pid_t pid; int r; assert(s); assert(ret_pid); if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0) return r; pid = (pid_t) ul; if ((unsigned long) pid != ul) return -ERANGE; if (pid <= 0) return -ERANGE; *ret_pid = pid; return 0; } int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) { char *x = NULL; unsigned long l; assert(s); assert(ret_u); errno = 0; l = strtoul(s, &x, 0); if (!x || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l) return -ERANGE; *ret_u = (unsigned) l; return 0; } int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) { char *x = NULL; long l; assert(s); assert(ret_i); errno = 0; l = strtol(s, &x, 0); if (!x || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; if ((long) (int) l != l) return -ERANGE; *ret_i = (int) l; return 0; } int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) { char *x = NULL; unsigned long long l; assert(s); assert(ret_llu); errno = 0; l = strtoull(s, &x, 0); if (!x || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; *ret_llu = l; return 0; } int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) { char *x = NULL; long long l; assert(s); assert(ret_lli); errno = 0; l = strtoll(s, &x, 0); if (!x || *x || errno) return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL; *ret_lli = l; return 0; } /* Split a string into words. */ char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) { char *current; current = *state ? *state : (char*) c; if (!*current || *c == 0) return NULL; current += strspn(current, separator); *l = strcspn(current, separator); *state = current+*l; return (char*) current; } /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and * "" as words even if they include spaces. */ char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) { char *current, *e; bool escaped = false; current = *state ? *state : (char*) c; if (!*current || *c == 0) return NULL; current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE); if (*current == '\'') { current ++; for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (*e == '\'') break; } *l = e-current; *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1; } else if (*current == '\"') { current ++; for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (*e == '\"') break; } *l = e-current; *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1; } else { for (e = current; *e; e++) { if (escaped) escaped = false; else if (*e == '\\') escaped = true; else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e)) break; } *l = e-current; *state = e; } return (char*) current; } char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) { char **l; assert(p); if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":"))) return NULL; if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) { strv_free(l); return NULL; } return l; } int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) { int r; FILE *f; char fn[132], line[256], *p; long unsigned ppid; assert(pid >= 0); assert(_ppid); assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1)); fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0; if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r"))) return -errno; if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) { r = -errno; fclose(f); return r; } fclose(f); /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's * skip over it manually */ if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')'))) return -EIO; p++; if (sscanf(p, " " "%*c " /* state */ "%lu ", /* ppid */ &ppid) != 1) return -EIO; if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid) return -ERANGE; *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid; return 0; } int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) { FILE *f; int r; assert(fn); assert(line); if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we"))) return -errno; if (fputs(line, f) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (!endswith(line, "\n")) fputc('\n', f); r = 0; finish: fclose(f); return r; } int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) { FILE *f; int r; char t[LINE_MAX], *c; assert(fn); assert(line); if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re"))) return -errno; if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) { r = -errno; goto finish; } if (!(c = strdup(t))) { r = -ENOMEM; goto finish; } *line = c; r = 0; finish: fclose(f); return r; } int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents) { FILE *f; int r; size_t n, l; char *buf = NULL; struct stat st; if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re"))) return -errno; if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX; l = 0; for (;;) { char *t; size_t k; if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) { r = -ENOMEM; goto finish; } buf = t; k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f); if (k <= 0) { if (ferror(f)) { r = -errno; goto finish; } break; } l += k; n *= 2; /* Safety check */ if (n > 4*1024*1024) { r = -E2BIG; goto finish; } } if (buf) buf[l] = 0; else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) { r = -errno; goto finish; } *contents = buf; buf = NULL; r = 0; finish: fclose(f); free(buf); return r; } int parse_env_file( const char *fname, const char *separator, ...) { int r = 0; char *contents, *p; assert(fname); assert(separator); if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents)) < 0) return r; p = contents; for (;;) { const char *key = NULL; p += strspn(p, separator); p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE); if (!*p) break; if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) { va_list ap; char **value; va_start(ap, separator); while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) { size_t n; char *v; value = va_arg(ap, char **); n = strlen(key); if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 || p[n] != '=') continue; p += n + 1; n = strcspn(p, separator); if (n >= 2 && strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) && p[n-1] == p[0]) v = strndup(p+1, n-2); else v = strndup(p, n); if (!v) { r = -ENOMEM; va_end(ap); goto fail; } if (v[0] == '\0') { /* return empty value strings as NULL */ free(v); v = NULL; } free(*value); *value = v; p += n; r ++; break; } va_end(ap); } if (!key) p += strcspn(p, separator); } fail: free(contents); return r; } char *truncate_nl(char *s) { assert(s); s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0; return s; } int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) { char *p; int r; assert(pid >= 1); assert(name); if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; r = read_one_line_file(p, name); free(p); if (r < 0) return r; truncate_nl(*name); return 0; } int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) { char *p, *r, *k; int c; bool space = false; size_t left; FILE *f; assert(pid >= 1); assert(max_length > 0); assert(line); if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0) return -ENOMEM; f = fopen(p, "r"); free(p); if (!f) return -errno; if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) { fclose(f); return -ENOMEM; } k = r; left = max_length; while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) { if (isprint(c)) { if (space) { if (left <= 4) break; *(k++) = ' '; left--; space = false; } if (left <= 4) break; *(k++) = (char) c; left--; } else space = true; } if (left <= 4) { size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U); memcpy(k, "...", n); k[n] = 0; } else *k = 0; fclose(f); /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */ if (r[0] == 0) { char *t; int h; free(r); if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0) return h; h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t); free(t); if (h < 0) return -ENOMEM; } *line = r; return 0; } char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) { size_t a; char *r; if (!s && !suffix) return strdup(""); if (!s) return strndup(suffix, b); if (!suffix) return strdup(s); assert(s); assert(suffix); a = strlen(s); if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1))) return NULL; memcpy(r, s, a); memcpy(r+a, suffix, b); r[a+b] = 0; return r; } char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) { return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0); } int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) { size_t l = 100; assert(p); assert(r); for (;;) { char *c; ssize_t n; if (!(c = new(char, l))) return -ENOMEM; if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) { int ret = -errno; free(c); return ret; } if ((size_t) n < l-1) { c[n] = 0; *r = c; return 0; } free(c); l *= 2; } } int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) { char *target, *k; int j; assert(p); assert(r); if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0) return j; k = file_in_same_dir(p, target); free(target); if (!k) return -ENOMEM; *r = k; return 0; } int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) { const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p; char *r; bool slash = false; assert(path); assert(_r); if (!*path) return -EINVAL; for (e = path; *e; e++) { if (!slash && *e == '/') { a = b; b = e; slash = true; } else if (slash && *e != '/') slash = false; } if (*(e-1) == '/') p = a; else p = b; if (!p) return -EINVAL; if (p == path) r = strdup("/"); else r = strndup(path, p-path); if (!r) return -ENOMEM; *_r = r; return 0; } char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) { char *r; assert(p); if ((r = strrchr(p, '/'))) return r + 1; return (char*) p; } bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) { assert(p); return p[0] == '/'; } bool is_path(const char *p) { return !!strchr(p, '/'); } char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) { char *r; assert(p); /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending * the prefix, if specified and necessary */ if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix) return strdup(p); if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0) return NULL; return r; } char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) { char *cwd, *r; assert(p); /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the * current working directory. */ if (path_is_absolute(p)) return strdup(p); if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name())) return NULL; r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd); free(cwd); return r; } char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) { char **s; /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any * changes on failure. */ STRV_FOREACH(s, l) { char *t; if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s))) return NULL; free(*s); *s = t; } return l; } char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) { char **s; unsigned k = 0; bool enomem = false; if (strv_isempty(l)) return l; /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any * changes on failure. */ STRV_FOREACH(s, l) { char *t, *u; t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s); free(*s); if (!t) { enomem = true; continue; } errno = 0; u = canonicalize_file_name(t); free(t); if (!u) { if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno) enomem = true; continue; } l[k++] = u; } l[k] = NULL; if (enomem) return NULL; return l; } int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) { int sig; for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) { struct sigaction sa; if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP) continue; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */ if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)) if (errno != EINVAL) return -errno; } return 0; } char *strstrip(char *s) { char *e, *l = NULL; /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */ s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE); for (e = s; *e; e++) if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e)) l = e; if (l) *(l+1) = 0; else *s = 0; return s; } char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) { char *f, *t; /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */ for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) { if (strchr(bad, *f)) continue; *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return s; } char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) { char *e, *r; size_t k; assert(path); assert(filename); /* This removes the last component of path and appends * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the * former isn't */ if (path_is_absolute(filename)) return strdup(filename); if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/'))) return strdup(filename); k = strlen(filename); if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1))) return NULL; memcpy(r, path, e-path+1); memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1); return r; } int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) { struct stat st; if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0) if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0) return -errno; if (lstat(path, &st) < 0) return -errno; if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode || st.st_uid != uid || st.st_gid != gid || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) { errno = EEXIST; return -errno; } return 0; } int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) { const char *p, *e; assert(path); /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last * component. */ p = path + strspn(path, "/"); for (;;) { int r; char *t; e = p + strcspn(p, "/"); p = e + strspn(e, "/"); /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're * done */ if (*p == 0) return 0; if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path))) return -ENOMEM; r = label_mkdir(t, mode); free(t); if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST) return -errno; } } int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) { int r; /* Like mkdir -p */ if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0) return r; if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST) return -errno; return 0; } int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) { size_t l; int r = 0; assert(path); assert(stop); l = strlen(path); /* Skip trailing slashes */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/') l--; while (l > 0) { char *t; /* Skip last component */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/') l--; /* Skip trailing slashes */ while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/') l--; if (l <= 0) break; if (!(t = strndup(path, l))) return -ENOMEM; if (path_startswith(stop, t)) { free(t); return 0; } r = rmdir(t); free(t); if (r < 0) if (errno != ENOENT) return -errno; } return 0; } char hexchar(int x) { static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef"; return table[x & 15]; } int unhexchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0'; if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return c - 'a' + 10; if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return c - 'A' + 10; return -1; } char octchar(int x) { return '0' + (x & 7); } int unoctchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') return c - '0'; return -1; } char decchar(int x) { return '0' + (x % 10); } int undecchar(char c) { if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0'; return -1; } char *cescape(const char *s) { char *r, *t; const char *f; assert(s); /* Does C style string escaping. */ if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1))) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) switch (*f) { case '\a': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'a'; break; case '\b': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'b'; break; case '\f': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'f'; break; case '\n': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'n'; break; case '\r': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'r'; break; case '\t': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 't'; break; case '\v': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'v'; break; case '\\': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '\\'; break; case '"': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '"'; break; case '\'': *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = '\''; break; default: /* For special chars we prefer octal over * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's * g_strescape() does the same */ if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) { *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6); *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3); *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f); } else *(t++) = *f; break; } *t = 0; return r; } char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) { char *r, *t; const char *f; assert(s); /* Undoes C style string escaping */ if (!(r = new(char, length+1))) return r; for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) { if (*f != '\\') { *(t++) = *f; continue; } f++; switch (*f) { case 'a': *(t++) = '\a'; break; case 'b': *(t++) = '\b'; break; case 'f': *(t++) = '\f'; break; case 'n': *(t++) = '\n'; break; case 'r': *(t++) = '\r'; break; case 't': *(t++) = '\t'; break; case 'v': *(t++) = '\v'; break; case '\\': *(t++) = '\\'; break; case '"': *(t++) = '"'; break; case '\'': *(t++) = '\''; break; case 's': /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */ *(t++) = ' '; break; case 'x': { /* hexadecimal encoding */ int a, b; if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 || (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'x'; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b); f += 2; } break; } case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': { /* octal encoding */ int a, b, c; if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 || (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 || (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = f[0]; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c); f += 2; } break; } case 0: /* premature end of string.*/ *(t++) = '\\'; goto finish; default: /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = *f; break; } } finish: *t = 0; return r; } char *cunescape(const char *s) { return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s)); } char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) { char *r, *t; const char *f; /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with * cunescape. */ if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1))) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) { if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) || (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) { *(t++) = '\\'; *(t++) = 'x'; *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4); *(t++) = hexchar(*f); } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) { char *r, *t; const char *f; assert(s); /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */ if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1))) return NULL; for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) { if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') && !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') && !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) { *(t++) = '_'; *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4); *(t++) = hexchar(*f); } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) { char *r, *t; assert(f); if (!(r = strdup(f))) return NULL; for (t = r; *f; f++) { if (*f == '_') { int a, b; if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 || (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) { /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */ *(t++) = '_'; } else { *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b); f += 2; } } else *(t++) = *f; } *t = 0; return r; } char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) { char *f, *t; bool slash = false; /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the * passed string in-place. * * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar */ for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) { if (*f == '/') { slash = true; continue; } if (slash) { slash = false; *(t++) = '/'; } *(t++) = *f; } /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a trailing slash is good */ if (t == path && slash) *(t++) = '/'; *t = 0; return path; } bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) { assert(path); assert(prefix); if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/')) return false; for (;;) { size_t a, b; path += strspn(path, "/"); prefix += strspn(prefix, "/"); if (*prefix == 0) return true; if (*path == 0) return false; a = strcspn(path, "/"); b = strcspn(prefix, "/"); if (a != b) return false; if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0) return false; path += a; prefix += b; } } bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) { assert(a); assert(b); if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/')) return false; for (;;) { size_t j, k; a += strspn(a, "/"); b += strspn(b, "/"); if (*a == 0 && *b == 0) return true; if (*a == 0 || *b == 0) return false; j = strcspn(a, "/"); k = strcspn(b, "/"); if (j != k) return false; if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0) return false; a += j; b += k; } } char *ascii_strlower(char *t) { char *p; assert(t); for (p = t; *p; p++) if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') *p = *p - 'A' + 'a'; return t; } bool ignore_file(const char *filename) { assert(filename); return filename[0] == '.' || streq(filename, "lost+found") || streq(filename, "aquota.user") || streq(filename, "aquota.group") || endswith(filename, "~") || endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") || endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") || endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") || endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") || endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") || endswith(filename, ".swp"); } int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) { int flags; assert(fd >= 0); if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) return -errno; if (nonblock) flags |= O_NONBLOCK; else flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK; if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) { int flags; assert(fd >= 0); if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0) return -errno; if (cloexec) flags |= FD_CLOEXEC; else flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC; if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) { DIR *d; struct dirent *de; int r = 0; if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd"))) return -errno; while ((de = readdir(d))) { int fd = -1; if (ignore_file(de->d_name)) continue; if ((r = safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd)) < 0) goto finish; if (fd < 3) continue; if (fd == dirfd(d)) continue; if (except) { bool found; unsigned i; found = false; for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++) if (except[i] == fd) { found = true; break; } if (found) continue; } if ((r = close_nointr(fd)) < 0) { /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */ if (errno != EBADF) goto finish; } } r = 0; finish: closedir(d); return r; } bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) { const char *p; /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */ for (p = a; *p; p++) if (strchr(b, *p)) return true; return false; } char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { struct tm tm; time_t sec; assert(buf); assert(l > 0); if (t <= 0) return NULL; sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC); if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0) return NULL; return buf; } char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { usec_t n, d; n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME); if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t) return NULL; d = n - t; if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY) snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY)); else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago", (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR)); else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE)); else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE) snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE) snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE), (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC) snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC)); else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC) snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC)); else if (d > 0) snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago", (unsigned long long) d); else snprintf(buf, l, "now"); buf[l-1] = 0; return buf; } char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) { static const struct { const char *suffix; usec_t usec; } table[] = { { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "d", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "s", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "us", 1 }, }; unsigned i; char *p = buf; assert(buf); assert(l > 0); if (t == (usec_t) -1) return NULL; if (t == 0) { snprintf(p, l, "0"); p[l-1] = 0; return p; } /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */ for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) { int k; size_t n; if (t < table[i].usec) continue; if (l <= 1) break; k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix); n = MIN((size_t) k, l); l -= n; p += n; t %= table[i].usec; } *p = 0; return buf; } bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) { static const char * const table[] = { "cifs", "smbfs", "ncpfs", "nfs", "nfs4", "gfs", "gfs2" }; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) if (streq(table[i], fstype)) return true; return false; } int chvt(int vt) { int fd, r = 0; if ((fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) return -errno; if (vt < 0) { int tiocl[2] = { TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT, 0 }; if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) return -errno; vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0]; } if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0) r = -errno; close_nointr_nofail(r); return r; } int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) { struct termios old_termios, new_termios; char c; char line[1024]; assert(f); assert(ret); if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) { new_termios = old_termios; new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON; new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) { size_t k; k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f); tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios); if (k <= 0) return -EIO; if (need_nl) *need_nl = c != '\n'; *ret = c; return 0; } } if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) return -EIO; truncate_nl(line); if (strlen(line) != 1) return -EBADMSG; if (need_nl) *need_nl = false; *ret = line[0]; return 0; } int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) { bool on_tty; assert(ret); assert(replies); assert(text); on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO); for (;;) { va_list ap; char c; int r; bool need_nl = true; if (on_tty) fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout); va_start(ap, text); vprintf(text, ap); va_end(ap); if (on_tty) fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout); fflush(stdout); if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) { if (r == -EBADMSG) { puts("Bad input, please try again."); continue; } putchar('\n'); return r; } if (need_nl) putchar('\n'); if (strchr(replies, c)) { *ret = c; return 0; } puts("Read unexpected character, please try again."); } } int reset_terminal(int fd) { struct termios termios; int r = 0; long arg; /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */ assert(fd >= 0); /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't * interfere with that. */ /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */ ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL); /* Enable console unicode mode */ arg = K_UNICODE; ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg); if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) { r = -errno; goto finish; } /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody * else will do that for us */ termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC); termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8; termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR; termios.c_cflag |= CREAD; termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE; termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */ termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */ termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177; termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */ termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */ termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */ termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */ termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */ termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */ termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */ termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */ termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0; termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0; termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0) r = -errno; finish: /* Just in case, flush all crap out */ tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH); return r; } int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) { int fd, r; if ((fd = open(name, mode)) < 0) return -errno; if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -errno; } if (!r) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return -ENOTTY; } return fd; } int flush_fd(int fd) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLIN; for (;;) { char buf[1024]; ssize_t l; int r; if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return -errno; } if (r == 0) return 0; if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; if (errno == EAGAIN) return 0; return -errno; } if (l <= 0) return 0; } } int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) { int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1; assert(name); /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire * it, so that we don't lose any event. * * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */ if (!fail && !force) { if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) { r = -errno; goto fail; } if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) { r = -errno; goto fail; } } for (;;) { if (notify >= 0) if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0) goto fail; /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */ if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) return -errno; /* First, try to get the tty */ r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force); /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already * are have this controlling terminal. */ if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm) r = 0; if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) { r = -errno; goto fail; } if (r >= 0) break; assert(!fail); assert(!force); assert(notify >= 0); for (;;) { uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX]; ssize_t l; struct inotify_event *e; if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; r = -errno; goto fail; } e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer; while (l > 0) { size_t step; if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) { r = -EIO; goto fail; } step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len; assert(step <= (size_t) l); e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step); l -= step; } break; } /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter * an endless loop. */ close_nointr_nofail(fd); } if (notify >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(notify); if ((r = reset_terminal(fd)) < 0) log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r)); return fd; fail: if (fd >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (notify >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(notify); return r; } int release_terminal(void) { int r = 0, fd; struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new; if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY)) < 0) return -errno; /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed * by our own TIOCNOTTY */ zero(sa_new); sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN; sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0); if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0) r = -errno; assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0); close_nointr_nofail(fd); return r; } int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) { va_list ap; int r = 0, sig; va_start(ap, sa); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) { struct sigaction sa; va_list ap; int r = 0; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_start(ap, sig); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int default_signals(int sig, ...) { struct sigaction sa; va_list ap; int r = 0; zero(sa); sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL; sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_start(ap, sig); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0) r = -errno; va_end(ap); return r; } int close_pipe(int p[]) { int a = 0, b = 0; assert(p); if (p[0] >= 0) { a = close_nointr(p[0]); p[0] = -1; } if (p[1] >= 0) { b = close_nointr(p[1]); p[1] = -1; } return a < 0 ? a : b; } ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) { uint8_t *p; ssize_t n = 0; assert(fd >= 0); assert(buf); p = buf; while (nbytes > 0) { ssize_t k; if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) { if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue; if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLIN; if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return n > 0 ? n : -errno; } if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN) return n > 0 ? n : -EIO; continue; } return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0); } p += k; nbytes -= k; n += k; } return n; } ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) { const uint8_t *p; ssize_t n = 0; assert(fd >= 0); assert(buf); p = buf; while (nbytes > 0) { ssize_t k; if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) { if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR) continue; if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) { struct pollfd pollfd; zero(pollfd); pollfd.fd = fd; pollfd.events = POLLOUT; if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return n > 0 ? n : -errno; } if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT) return n > 0 ? n : -EIO; continue; } return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0); } p += k; nbytes -= k; n += k; } return n; } int path_is_mount_point(const char *t) { struct stat a, b; char *parent; int r; if (lstat(t, &a) < 0) { if (errno == ENOENT) return 0; return -errno; } if ((r = parent_of_path(t, &parent)) < 0) return r; r = lstat(parent, &b); free(parent); if (r < 0) return -errno; return a.st_dev != b.st_dev; } int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) { static const struct { const char *suffix; usec_t usec; } table[] = { { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "s", USEC_PER_SEC }, { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR }, { "d", USEC_PER_DAY }, { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK }, { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC }, { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE }, { "usec", 1ULL }, { "us", 1ULL }, { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, }; const char *p; usec_t r = 0; assert(t); assert(usec); p = t; do { long long l; char *e; unsigned i; errno = 0; l = strtoll(p, &e, 10); if (errno != 0) return -errno; if (l < 0) return -ERANGE; if (e == p) return -EINVAL; e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE); for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) { r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec; p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix); break; } if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) return -EINVAL; } while (*p != 0); *usec = r; return 0; } int make_stdio(int fd) { int r, s, t; assert(fd >= 0); r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO); s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO); t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO); if (fd >= 3) close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0) return -errno; return 0; } int make_null_stdio(void) { int null_fd; if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) return -errno; return make_stdio(null_fd); } bool is_device_path(const char *path) { /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in * sysfs or in /dev */ return path_startswith(path, "/dev/") || path_startswith(path, "/sys/"); } int dir_is_empty(const char *path) { DIR *d; int r; struct dirent buf, *de; if (!(d = opendir(path))) return -errno; for (;;) { if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) { r = -r; break; } if (!de) { r = 1; break; } if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) { r = 0; break; } } closedir(d); return r; } unsigned long long random_ull(void) { int fd; uint64_t ull; ssize_t r; if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) goto fallback; r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true); close_nointr_nofail(fd); if (r != sizeof(ull)) goto fallback; return ull; fallback: return random() * RAND_MAX + random(); } void rename_process(const char name[8]) { assert(name); prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name); /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of * "systemd") */ if (program_invocation_name) strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name)); } void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) { va_list ap; int sig; assert(ss); va_start(ap, ss); while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0) assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0); va_end(ap); } char* gethostname_malloc(void) { struct utsname u; assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0); if (u.nodename[0]) return strdup(u.nodename); return strdup(u.sysname); } char* getlogname_malloc(void) { uid_t uid; long bufsize; char *buf, *name; struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL; struct stat st; if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0) uid = st.st_uid; else uid = getuid(); /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */ if (uid == 0) return strdup("root"); if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0) bufsize = 4096; if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize))) return NULL; if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) { name = strdup(pw->pw_name); free(buf); return name; } free(buf); if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0) return NULL; return name; } int getttyname_malloc(char **r) { char path[PATH_MAX], *p, *c; int k; assert(r); if ((k = ttyname_r(STDIN_FILENO, path, sizeof(path))) != 0) return -k; char_array_0(path); p = path; if (startswith(path, "/dev/")) p += 5; if (!(c = strdup(p))) return -ENOMEM; *r = c; return 0; } static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs) { DIR *d; int ret = 0; assert(fd >= 0); /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless * tries to go on */ if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) { close_nointr_nofail(fd); return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno; } for (;;) { struct dirent buf, *de; bool is_dir; int r; if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) { if (ret == 0) ret = -r; break; } if (!de) break; if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, "..")) continue; if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) { struct stat st; if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; continue; } is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); } else is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR; if (is_dir) { int subdir_fd; if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; continue; } if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs)) < 0) { if (ret == 0) ret = r; } if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; } } else if (!only_dirs) { if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) { if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT) ret = -errno; } } } closedir(d); return ret; } int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root) { int fd; int r; assert(path); if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) { if (errno != ENOTDIR) return -errno; if (delete_root && !only_dirs) if (unlink(path) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs); if (delete_root) if (rmdir(path) < 0) { if (r == 0) r = -errno; } return r; } int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) { assert(path); /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we * first change the access mode and only then hand out * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */ if (chmod(path, mode) < 0) return -errno; if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0) return -errno; return 0; } cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) { cpu_set_t *r; unsigned n = 1024; /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */ for (;;) { if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n))) return NULL; if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) { CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r); if (ncpus) *ncpus = n; return r; } CPU_FREE(r); if (errno != EINVAL) return NULL; n *= 2; } } void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) { char *s = NULL; int fd = -1; assert(format); /* This independent of logging, as status messages are * optional and go exclusively to the console. */ if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0) goto finish; if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) goto finish; write(fd, s, strlen(s)); finish: free(s); if (fd >= 0) close_nointr_nofail(fd); } void status_printf(const char *format, ...) { va_list ap; assert(format); va_start(ap, format); status_vprintf(format, ap); va_end(ap); } void status_welcome(void) { char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL; const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL; int r; if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE, "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name, "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color, NULL)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA) if (!pretty_name) { if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } else truncate_nl(pretty_name); } if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) { /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit * script did. */ if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat")) const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */ else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora")) const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */ } #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE) if (!pretty_name) { if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } else truncate_nl(pretty_name); } if (!ansi_color) const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */ #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO) if (!pretty_name) { if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } else truncate_nl(pretty_name); } if (!ansi_color) const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */ #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) if (!pretty_name) { if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } else truncate_nl(pretty_name); } if (!ansi_color) const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */ #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN) if (!pretty_name) { char *version; if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r)); } else { truncate_nl(version); pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version); free(version); if (!pretty_name) log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string."); } } if (!ansi_color) const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */ #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU) if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE, "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name, NULL)) < 0) { if (r != -ENOENT) log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r)); } if (!ansi_color) const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */ #endif if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty) const_pretty = "Linux"; if (!ansi_color && !const_color) const_color = "1"; status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n", const_color ? const_color : ansi_color, const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name); free(ansi_color); free(pretty_name); } char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) { enum { WORD, CURLY, VARIABLE } state = WORD; const char *e, *word = format; char *r = NULL, *k; assert(format); for (e = format; *e; e ++) { switch (state) { case WORD: if (*e == '$') state = CURLY; break; case CURLY: if (*e == '{') { if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e-1; state = VARIABLE; } else if (*e == '$') { if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e+1; state = WORD; } else state = WORD; break; case VARIABLE: if (*e == '}') { const char *t; if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2))) t = ""; if (!(k = strappend(r, t))) goto fail; free(r); r = k; word = e+1; state = WORD; } break; } } if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word))) goto fail; free(r); return k; fail: free(r); return NULL; } char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) { char **r, **i; unsigned k = 0, l = 0; l = strv_length(argv); if (!(r = new(char*, l+1))) return NULL; STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) { /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */ if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') { char *e; char **w, **m; unsigned q; if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) { if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) { r[k] = NULL; strv_free(r); return NULL; } } else m = NULL; q = strv_length(m); l = l + q - 1; if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) { r[k] = NULL; strv_free(r); strv_free(m); return NULL; } r = w; if (m) { memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*)); free(m); } k += q; continue; } /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */ if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) { strv_free(r); return NULL; } } r[k] = NULL; return r; } int columns(void) { static __thread int parsed_columns = 0; const char *e; if (parsed_columns > 0) return parsed_columns; if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS"))) parsed_columns = atoi(e); if (parsed_columns <= 0) { struct winsize ws; zero(ws); if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0) parsed_columns = ws.ws_col; } if (parsed_columns <= 0) parsed_columns = 80; return parsed_columns; } int running_in_chroot(void) { struct stat a, b; zero(a); zero(b); /* Only works as root */ if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0) return -errno; if (stat("/", &b) < 0) return -errno; return a.st_dev != b.st_dev || a.st_ino != b.st_ino; } char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) { size_t l, x; char *r; assert(s); assert(percent <= 100); assert(length >= 3); l = strlen(s); if (l <= 3 || l <= length) return strdup(s); if (!(r = new0(char, length+1))) return r; x = (length * percent) / 100; if (x > length - 3) x = length - 3; memcpy(r, s, x); r[x] = '.'; r[x+1] = '.'; r[x+2] = '.'; memcpy(r + x + 3, s + l - (length - x - 3), length - x - 3); return r; } int touch(const char *path) { int fd; assert(path); if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0666)) < 0) return -errno; close_nointr_nofail(fd); return 0; } char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) { size_t l; assert(s); if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2) return strdup(s); if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0]) return strndup(s+1, l-2); return strdup(s); } char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) { char *name, *value, *p, *r; p = strchr(s, '='); if (!p) { if (!(r = strdup(s))) return NULL; return strstrip(r); } if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s))) return NULL; if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) { free(name); return NULL; } value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES); free(p); if (!value) { free(p); free(name); return NULL; } if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0) r = NULL; free(value); free(name); return r; } int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) { assert(pid >= 1); assert(status); for (;;) { zero(*status); if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; return -errno; } return 0; } } int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) { int r; siginfo_t status; assert(name); assert(pid > 1); if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) { log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r)); return r; } if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) { if (status.si_status != 0) { log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status); return -EPROTO; } log_debug("%s succeeded.", name); return 0; } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED || status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) { log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status)); return -EPROTO; } log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name); return -EPROTO; } void freeze(void) { sync(); for (;;) pause(); } bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) { assert(st); if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0) return true; if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode)) return true; return false; } DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) { int nfd; DIR *d; if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0) return NULL; if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) { close_nointr_nofail(nfd); return NULL; } return d; } int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) { int signo; assert(s); if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0) if (startswith(s, "SIG")) return signal_from_string(s+3); return signo; } void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) { assert(f); assert(name); assert(t); if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t)) return; fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) t->realtime, (unsigned long long) t->monotonic); } void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) { unsigned long long a, b; assert(value); assert(t); if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2) log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value); else { t->realtime = a; t->monotonic = b; } } char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) { char *dn, *t, *u; int r; /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid * UTF8 chars unescaped */ if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) { if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'"))) return NULL; t = xescape(u, "/ "); free(u); if (!t) return NULL; r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t); free(t); if (r < 0) return NULL; return dn; } if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) { if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'"))) return NULL; t = xescape(u, "/ "); free(u); if (!t) return NULL; r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t); free(t); if (r < 0) return NULL; return dn; } return strdup(p); } void filter_environ(const char *prefix) { int i, j; assert(prefix); if (!environ) return; for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) { if (startswith(environ[i], prefix)) continue; environ[j++] = environ[i]; } environ[j] = NULL; } bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) { assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; return startswith(tty, "tty") && tty[3] >= '0' && tty[3] <= '9'; } const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) { char *active = NULL; const char *term; assert(tty); if (startswith(tty, "/dev/")) tty += 5; /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining * TERM */ if (streq(tty, "console")) if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) { truncate_nl(active); /* If multiple log outputs are configured the * last one is what /dev/console points to */ if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' '))) tty++; else tty = active; } term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100"; free(active); return term; } bool running_in_vm(void) { #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */ const char *const dmi_vendors[] = { "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor", "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor", "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor" }; uint32_t eax = 0x40000000; union { uint32_t sig32[3]; char text[13]; } sig; unsigned i; for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) { char *s; bool b; if (read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s) < 0) continue; b = startswith(s, "QEMU") || /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */ startswith(s, "VMware") || startswith(s, "VMW") || startswith(s, "Microsoft Corporation") || startswith(s, "innotek GmbH") || startswith(s, "Xen"); free(s); if (b) return true; } /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */ zero(sig); #if defined (__i386__) #define REG_a "eax" #define REG_b "ebx" #elif defined (__amd64__) #define REG_a "rax" #define REG_b "rbx" #endif __asm__ __volatile__ ( /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */ " push %%"REG_b" \n\t" " cpuid \n\t" " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t" " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t" : "=a" (eax), "=r" (sig.sig32[0]), "=c" (sig.sig32[1]), "=d" (sig.sig32[2]) : "0" (eax) ); if (streq(sig.text, "XenVMMXenVMM") || streq(sig.text, "KVMKVMKVM") || /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */ streq(sig.text, "VMwareVMware") || /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb969719.aspx */ streq(sig.text, "Microsoft Hv")) return true; #endif return false; } void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) { DIR *_d = NULL; struct dirent *de; Hashmap *pids = NULL; assert(directory); /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits * until all they all finished. */ if (!d) { if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) { if (errno == ENOENT) return; log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory); return; } d = _d; } if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) { log_error("Failed to allocate set."); goto finish; } while ((de = readdir(d))) { char *path; pid_t pid; int k; if (ignore_file(de->d_name)) continue; if (de->d_type != DT_REG && de->d_type != DT_LNK && de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) continue; if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) { log_error("Out of memory"); continue; } if ((pid = fork()) < 0) { log_error("Failed to fork: %m"); free(path); continue; } if (pid == 0) { char *_argv[2]; /* Child */ if (!argv) { _argv[0] = path; _argv[1] = NULL; argv = _argv; } else if (!argv[0]) argv[0] = path; execv(path, argv); log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path); _exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid); if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) { log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k)); free(path); } } while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) { siginfo_t si; char *path; zero(si); if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; log_error("waitid() failed: %m"); goto finish; } if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) { if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) { if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED) log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status); else log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status)); } else log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path); free(path); } } finish: if (_d) closedir(_d); if (pids) hashmap_free_free(pids); } static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = { [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none", [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime", [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort", [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int); static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = { [CLD_EXITED] = "exited", [CLD_KILLED] = "killed", [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped", [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped", [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped", [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued", }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int); static const char *const log_facility_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = { [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern", [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user", [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail", [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon", [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth", [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr", [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news", [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp", [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron", [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv", [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6", [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility, int); static const char *const log_level_table[] = { [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg", [LOG_ALERT] = "alert", [LOG_CRIT] = "crit", [LOG_ERR] = "err", [LOG_WARNING] = "warning", [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice", [LOG_INFO] = "info", [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int); static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = { [SCHED_OTHER] = "other", [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch", [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle", [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo", [SCHED_RR] = "rr" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int); static const char* const rlimit_table[] = { [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU", [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE", [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA", [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK", [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE", [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS", [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE", [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS", [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC", [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK", [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS", [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING", [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE", [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE", [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO", [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int); static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = { [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay", [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput", [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability", [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost", }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int); static const char *const signal_table[] = { [SIGHUP] = "HUP", [SIGINT] = "INT", [SIGQUIT] = "QUIT", [SIGILL] = "ILL", [SIGTRAP] = "TRAP", [SIGABRT] = "ABRT", [SIGBUS] = "BUS", [SIGFPE] = "FPE", [SIGKILL] = "KILL", [SIGUSR1] = "USR1", [SIGSEGV] = "SEGV", [SIGUSR2] = "USR2", [SIGPIPE] = "PIPE", [SIGALRM] = "ALRM", [SIGTERM] = "TERM", #ifdef SIGSTKFLT [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */ #endif [SIGCHLD] = "CHLD", [SIGCONT] = "CONT", [SIGSTOP] = "STOP", [SIGTSTP] = "TSTP", [SIGTTIN] = "TTIN", [SIGTTOU] = "TTOU", [SIGURG] = "URG", [SIGXCPU] = "XCPU", [SIGXFSZ] = "XFSZ", [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM", [SIGPROF] = "PROF", [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH", [SIGIO] = "IO", [SIGPWR] = "PWR", [SIGSYS] = "SYS" }; DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);