summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/NEWS
blob: ef0358714a4788927e14ac33204e03666f63d671 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
udev 164
========
Bugfixes.

udev 163
========
Bugfixes.

udev 162
========
Bugfixes.

Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.

New and updated keymaps.

Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.

udev 161
========
Bugfixes.

udev 160
========
Bugfixes.

udev 159
========
Bugfixes.

New and fixed keymaps.

Install systemd service files if applicable.

udev 158
========
Bugfixes.

All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.

udev 157
========
Bugfixes.

The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
was removed from udevd.

Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
  udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
  udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
  udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
module crashes the system.

The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.

udev 156
========
Bugfixes.

udev 155
========
Bugfixes.

Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
  - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
  - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
    /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
  - use static node information provided by kernel modules
    and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
  - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
    rules which are annotated to match a static node

The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
given the default will be 0660.

udev 154
========
Bugfixes.

Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
provides for all devices.

udev 153
========
Fix broken firmware loader search path.

udev 152
========
Bugfixes.

"udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
events are expected as "add" events.

The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.

The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.

All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.

The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
program should be used instead.

New and fixed keymaps.

udev 151
========
Bugfixes.

udev 150
========
Bugfixes.

Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
removed now.

udev 149
========
Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.

udev 148
========
Bugfixes.

The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
inconsistent behavior in current setups.

BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
file from now on.

The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
need to add the rules to the compat rules file.

The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".

udev 147
========
Bugfixes.

To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
prior notice.

Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.

NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
from all rules.

Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
be added to the compat rules file.

Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
the udevadm commands.

The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
required now.

The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
that something needs to be fixed properly instead.

The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.

udev 146
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
a while by "--type=failed" is removed.

The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
default is not to track any failing RUN executions.

New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.

udev 145
========
Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.

udev 144
========
Bugfixes.

Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
exported with the event.

Firmware files are looked up in:
  /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
  /lib/firmware/updates
  /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
  /lib/firmware"
now.

ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.

udev 143
========
Bugfixes.

The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
the README file.

Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
future events, all others get cleaned up.

To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.

The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.

Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.

To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
is available here:
  http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/

The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.

udev 142
========
Bugfixes.

The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
can not be used with udev.

Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
    This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
users over to directly use libudev.
    Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
soon.

A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
format will fail to work correctly.

DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
rules file.

udev 141
========
Bugfixes.

The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
events.

udev 140
========
Bugfixes.

"udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
instead of waiting for "all" events.

udev 139
========
Bugfixes.

The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
event handling the watch is restored.

udev 138
========
Bugfixes.

Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
/dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.

udev 137
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
are always updated with a test run now.

The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
lookup user and groups every time events are handled.

udev 136
========
Bugfixes.

We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
glibc's getgrnam():
  disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.

Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.

In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.

/dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
name in the by-id/ directory.
Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.

To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.

udev 135
========
Bugfixes.

Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
versions 131-134.

udev 134
========
Bugfixes.

The group "video" is part of the default rules now.

udev 133
========
Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
it should be disabled in the kernel config.

Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
create /dev/{block,char}/ links.

The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
version 130.

The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.

Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
auto-mounting.

udev 132
========
Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
compiled out and uses variables which are not available.

udev 131
========
Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))

The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
other keys per rule are gone.

The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
assignment with NAME:="<value>".

All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.

Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.

udev 130
========
Bugfixes.

Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
/sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
  /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
and the device node of the same device by looking up:
  /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>

udev 129
========
Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
of a volume.

Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.

More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
now.

udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
--retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.

udev 128
========
Bugfixes.

The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
option which is not affected.

The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.

udev 127
========
Bugfixes.

Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
for the filesystem.

The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
some deprecated functions are removed.

A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
devices.
The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
finished.

udev 126
========
We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
options are:
    --prefix=
        "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
    --exec-prefix=
        "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
    --sysconfdir=
        "/etc"
    --with-libdir-name=
        "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
        multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
    --enable-debug
        compile-in verbose debug messages
    --disable-logging
        disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
    --with-selinux
        link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
        for created files

In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.

No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
they should be provided by the package.

udev 125
========
Bugfixes.

Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
files from:
  /lib/udev/rules.d/  - default installed rules
  /etc/udev/rules.d/  - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
  /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
in lexical order.

To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
  $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
  ROOT_MAJOR=8
  ROOT_MINOR=5
In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
sysfs 'dev' file.

udev 124
========
Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.

udev 123
========
Bugfixes.

Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().

udev 122
========
Bugfixes.

The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
the Makefile.

The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.

udev 121
========
Many bugfixes.

The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
udev (and the kernel).

udev 120
========
Bugfixes.

The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.

The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
udevtest are no longer created.

The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
no longer created.

Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
real file.

udev 119
========
Bugfixes.

udev 118
========
Bugfixes.

Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.

udev 117
========
Bugfixes.

All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.

Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
udevadm in the list of files.

udev 116
========
Bugfixes.

udev 115
========
Bugfixes.

The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
in etc/udev/packages/.

udev 114
========
Bugfixes.

Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
actions by dynamically created rules.

SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.

RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
program and not record as a failed event.

udev 113
========
Bugfixes.

Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.

udev 112
========
Bugfixes.

Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.

To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".

Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.

udev 111
========
Bugfixes.

In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
or whitespace characters are used in the filename.

Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.

udev 110
========
Bugfixes.

Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.

udev 109
========
Bugfixes.

udev 108
========
Bugfixes.

The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
from the udev package.

udev 107
========
Bugfixes.

Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
these symlinks.

The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.

Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
the devices we are looking for.

USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
the same SCSI identifiers.

Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
/etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
that run programs only for the matching events.

udev 106
========
Bugfixes.

udev 105
========
Bugfixes.

DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
included in the match.

Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.

udev 104
========
Bugfixes.

udev 103
========
Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
storage area of their music players.

udev 102
========
Fix path_id for SAS devices.

udev 101
========
The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
action that crashes the box.

A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.

Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
device.

udev 100
========
Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.

udev 099
========
Bugfixes.

Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.

The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
should be used now.

The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.

The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.

udev 098
========
Bugfixes.

Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
(The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
is logged.
With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
files.

ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
event device. Instead of:
  ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
we now can do:
  ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"

All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
future kernel:
  PHYDEVPATH -    is the path of a parent device and should not be
                  needed at all.
  PHYSDEVBUS -    is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
                  matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
  PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
                  Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
                  for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
                  no longer carry this property of a parent and
                  DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
in most cases it will be empty.

Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
   udevtrigger --retry-failed.
Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.

The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
no database file was created by udev.

The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().

udev 097
========
Bugfixes and small improvements.

udev 096
========
Fix path_id for recent kernels.

udev 095
========
%e is finally gone.

Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.

udev 094
========
The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.

udev 093
========
The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.

udev 092
========
Bugfix release.

udev 091
========
Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
fix possibly broken rules.

udev 090
========
Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
events that have not already arrived in the daemon.

udev 089
========
Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
also skipped optical IDE drives.

All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.

No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
packaging process and not at build time.

libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.

udev 088
========
Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
to 60-persistent-storage.rules.

Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.

Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.

udev 087
========
Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.

Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.

udev 086
========
Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
events for the same device.

udev 085
========
Fix cramfs detection on big endian.

Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
device goes away.

udev 084
========
If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
received the event for.

Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
build name.

udev 083
========
Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.

RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
the end of the program name to prevent this.
If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".

udev 082
========
The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
included in a package.

Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
the ignore rule was applied.

More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
should be requested by their subsytem.

This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
path position:
  dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
  dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");

The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
_resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.

Note:
A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
/devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
for changed parent chains.

udev 081
========
Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
/sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.

Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
moving the class devices to /sys/devices.

Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
to make %b simpler and working again.

udev 080
========
Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
change. They will be fixed immediately.

The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.

MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
the sysfs "modalias" value.

Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.

udev 079
========
Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.

Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.

Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.

udev 078
========
Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
mentioned on the hotplug list:
  UDEV  [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
  ...
  DEVNAME=/dev/sdb
  DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0

udev 077
========
Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.

udev 076
========
All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
  ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"

The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
/$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
to anything else.
If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
still private to udev and can change at any time.

Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.

Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
files.

Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
before starting the daemon.

udev 075
========
Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
emulation.

The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
should be used to build a klibc udev now.

udev 074
========
NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.

After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
without any queuing now.

udev 073
========
Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
version of udev anymore.

udev 072
========
The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.

Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
device removal and the udev database will not work.

Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
and packaging.

A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.

udev 071
========
Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".

scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
non-writable /tmp directory.

The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
let's see who can break this again. :)

The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
versions will _not_ create these devices!

udev 070
========
Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
beeing installed.

udev 069
========
A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
/dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
export it to the filesystem.

udev 068
========
More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
situations.

udev 067
========
Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
available while we try to run external programs.
Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.

udev 066
========
Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
grab it from here. :)

udev 065
========
We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
other programs:
  RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)

udev 064
========
Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.

The test for the existence of an environment value should be
switched from:
  ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
is empty.

udev 063
========
Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.

udev 062
========
Mostly a Bugfix release.

Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
timing with custom rules.

udev 061
========
We changed the  internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.

If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
need to be updated to work correctly with that change.

To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.

udev 060
========
Bugfix release.

udev 059
========
Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.

o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
  will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
  SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
  with:
    echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
  For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
  bypass the driver core.

o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
  removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
  helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
    make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
  will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
  from a rule if needed:
    RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
  The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
  the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
  multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
  fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
  is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)

o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
  devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
  behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
    ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"

o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
  substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
  needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.

o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
  man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
  and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
  Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
  prevent changing the key by any later rule.

o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
  sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
  to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
  Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
  some events.

o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
  scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
  to export the probed data in environment key format:
    pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
    ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
    ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
    ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA

  The following rules:
    KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
    KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"

  Will create:
    kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
    /dev/disk
    |-- by-id
    |   |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
    |   `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
    |-- by-label
    |   |-- swap -> ../../hda1
    |   |-- date -> ../../sda1
    |   `-- home -> ../../hda3
    `-- by-uuid
        |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
        |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
        |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
        `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2

  The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
  it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
  also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
  next udev versions.

o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
  to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
  can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
  initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
  development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
  The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.

o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
  events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
  udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
  replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.

udev 058
========
With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.

udev 057
========
All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
naming rules.

Note:
Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
to some rules, to keep the old behavior.

The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.

The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.

The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.

We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
UDEV_LOG.

udev 056
========
Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
  make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.

udev 055
========
We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.

If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.

The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.

The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
character class negations like:
  KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
this can now be replaced with:
  KERNEL!="scd*"
The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.

We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
variables.

udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
with every forked event.