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<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!--
This file is part of systemd.
Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
<refentry id="journalctl">
<refentryinfo>
<title>journalctl</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
<authorgroup>
<author>
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
<surname>Poettering</surname>
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
</author>
</authorgroup>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>journalctl</refname>
<refname>systemd-journalctl</refname>
<refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<cmdsynopsis>
<command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt">MATCH</arg></command>
</cmdsynopsis>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para><command>journalctl</command> may be
used to query the contents of the
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
journal.</para>
<para>If called without parameter will show the full
contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
entry collected.</para>
<para>If a match argument is passed the output is
filtered accordingly. A match is in the format
<literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>.</para>
<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
<para>All users are granted access to their private
per-user journals. However, by default only root and
users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
group get access to the system journal and the
journals of other users.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Options</title>
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--help</option></term>
<term><option>-h</option></term>
<listitem><para>Prints a short help
text and exits.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--version</option></term>
<listitem><para>Prints a short version
string and exits.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
<listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
pager.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--all</option></term>
<term><option>-a</option></term>
<listitem><para>Show all fields in
full, even if they include unprintable
characters or are very
long.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--follow</option></term>
<term><option>-f</option></term>
<listitem><para>Show only most recent
journal entries, and continously print
new entries as they are appended to
the journal.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<listitem><para>Controls the number of
journal lines to show, counting from
the most recent ones. Takes a positive
integer argument. In follow mode
defaults to 10, otherwise is unset
thus not limiting how many lines are
shown.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
<listitem><para>Show all stored output
lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
effect of
<option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--output=</option></term>
<term><option>-o</option></term>
<listitem><para>Controls the
formatting of the journal entries that are
shown. Takes one of
<literal>short</literal>,
<literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
<literal>verbose</literal>,
<literal>export</literal>,
<literal>json</literal>,
<literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
is the default and generates an output
that is mostly identical to the
formatting of classic syslog log
files, showing one line per journal
entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
is very similar but shows monotonic
timestamps instead of wallclock
timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
shows the full structered entry items
with all
fiels. <literal>export</literal>
serializes the journal into a binary
(but mostly text-based) stream
suitable for backups and network
transfer. <literal>json</literal>
formats entries as JSON data
structures. <literal>cat</literal>
generates a very terse output only
showing the actual message of each
journal entry with no meta data, not
even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
<term><option>-q</option></term>
<listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
message regarding inaccessable system
journals when run as normal
user.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
<listitem><para>Instead of showing
journal contents generate a new 128
bit ID suitable for identifying
messages. This is intended for usage
by developers who need a new
identifier for a new message they
introduce and want to make
recognizable. Will print the new ID in
three different formats which can be
copied into source code or
similar.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exit status</title>
<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
code otherwise.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Environment</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Pager to use when
<option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
this to an empty string or the value
<literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
<option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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