path: root/man/systemd-networkd.service.xml

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<refentry id="systemd-networkd.service" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>

        <refentryinfo>
                <title>systemd-networkd.service</title>
                <productname>systemd</productname>

                <authorgroup>
                        <author>
                                <contrib>Developer</contrib>
                                <firstname>Tom</firstname>
                                <surname>Gundersen</surname>
                                <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
                        </author>
                </authorgroup>
        </refentryinfo>

        <refmeta>
                <refentrytitle>systemd-networkd.service</refentrytitle>
                <manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
        </refmeta>

        <refnamediv>
                <refname>systemd-networkd.service</refname>
                <refname>systemd-networkd</refname>
                <refpurpose>Network manager</refpurpose>
        </refnamediv>

        <refsynopsisdiv>
                <para><filename>systemd-networkd.service</filename></para>
                <para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-networkd</filename></para>
        </refsynopsisdiv>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Description</title>

                <para><command>systemd-networkd</command> is a system
                service that manages networks. It detects and configures
                network devices as they appear, as well as creating virtual
                network devices.</para>

                <para>To configure low-level link settings independently of
                networks, see
                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                .</para>

                <para>Network configurations applied before networkd is started
                are not removed, and static configuration applied by networkd
                are not removed when networkd exits. This ensures restarting
                networkd does not cut the network connection, and, in particular,
                that it is safe to transition between the initrd and the real root,
                and back.</para>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1><title>Configuration Files</title>
                <para>The configuration files are read from the files located in the
                system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
                the volatile runtime network directory
                <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
                network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
                All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
                regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
                identical filenames replace each other. Files in
                <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
                <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
                name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
                system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
                <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
                <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
                disables the configuration file entirely.</para>

                <refsect2><title>Virtual Network Devices</title>
                        <para>Virtual Network Device files must have the extension
                        <filename>.netdev</filename>; other extensions are ignored. Virtual
                        network devices are created as soon as networkd is started.</para>

                        <para>A virtual network device is only created if the
                        <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches the current
                        environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Host</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
                                                host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Virtualization</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
                                                environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
                                                implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>KernelCommandLine</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
                                                set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
                                                <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[NetDev]</literal> section accepts the following
                        keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Name</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The interface name used when creating the
                                                bridge. This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Kind</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The netdev kind. Currently, <literal>bridge</literal>,
                                                <literal>bond</literal> and <literal>vlan</literal>
                                                are supported. This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[VLAN]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind <literal>vlan</literal>,
                        and accepts the following key:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Id</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range 0–4094.
                                                This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                </refsect2>

                <refsect2><title>Networks</title>
                        <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
                        other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
                        appear.</para>

                        <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
                        which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
                        and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
                        be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
                        matches a given device is applied.</para>

                        <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
                        <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
                        The following keys are accepted:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MACAddress</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The hardware address.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Path</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
                                                property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
                                                style globs.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Driver</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
                                                exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
                                                of its parent device.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Type</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
                                                <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Name</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
                                                <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
                                                globs.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Host</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
                                                host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Virtualization</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
                                                environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
                                                implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>KernelCommandLine</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
                                                set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
                                                <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Description</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
                                                presentation purposes.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>DHCP</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A boolean. When true, enables basic DHCPv4 support.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Address</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
                                                separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. The format of the address must
                                                be as described in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                . This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing an Address key (see below).</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Gateway</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                . This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway key.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>DNS</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                .</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Bridge</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Bond</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>VLAN</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
                                                may be specified more than once.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Address</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Broadcast</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                . This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
                                                derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Label</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>An address label.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Gateway</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Destination</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
                                                prefixlength, if ommitted a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

                        <para>The <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>UseDNS</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
                                                be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>UseMTU</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
                                                be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>UseHostname</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
                                                will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>CriticalConnection</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
                                                expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
                                                if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                       </variablelist>

                </refsect2>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>See Also</title>
                <para>
                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>udev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                </para>
        </refsect1>

</refentry>