summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/man/systemd-run.xml
blob: 473f83eac6e9747ab0da5d5e42dbc64f6bc77b64 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">

<!--
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2013 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->

<refentry id="systemd-run"
          xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>systemd-run</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>

    <authorgroup>
      <author>
        <contrib>Developer</contrib>
        <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
        <surname>Poettering</surname>
        <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
      </author>
    </authorgroup>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>systemd-run</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>systemd-run</refname>
    <refpurpose>Run programs in transient scope or service or timer units</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-run</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="plain"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
      </arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>
    <cmdsynopsis>
      <command>systemd-run</command>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">TIMER OPTIONS</arg>
      <arg choice="req"><replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable></arg>
      <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">ARGS</arg>
    </cmdsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><command>systemd-run</command> may be used to create and
    start a transient <filename>.service</filename> or
    <filename>.scope</filename> unit and run the specified
    <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> in it. It may also be used to
    create and start transient <filename>.timer</filename>
    units.</para>

    <para>If a command is run as transient service unit, it will be
    started and managed by the service manager like any other service,
    and thus shows up in the output of <command>systemctl
    list-units</command> like any other unit. It will run in a clean
    and detached execution environment, with the service manager as
    its parent process. In this mode, <command>systemd-run</command>
    will start the service asynchronously in the background and return
    after the command has begun execution.</para>

    <para>If a command is run as transient scope unit, it will be
    started by <command>systemd-run</command> itself as parent process
    and will thus inherit the execution environment of the
    caller. However, the processes of the command are managed by the
    service manager similar to normal services, and will show up in
    the output of <command>systemctl list-units</command>. Execution
    in this case is synchronous, and will return only when the command
    finishes. This mode is enabled via the <option>--scope</option>
    switch (see below). </para>

    <para>If a command is run with timer options such as
    <option>--on-calendar=</option> (see below), a transient timer
    unit is created alongside the service unit for the specified
    command. Only the transient timer unit is started immediately, the
    transient service unit will be started when the transient timer
    elapses. If the <option>--unit=</option> is specified, the
    <replaceable>COMMAND</replaceable> may be omitted. In this case,
    <command>systemd-run</command> only creates a
    <filename>.timer</filename> unit that invokes the specified unit
    when elapsing.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Options</title>

    <para>The following options are understood:</para>

    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Do not query the user for authentication for
        privileged operations.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--scope</option></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Create a transient <filename>.scope</filename> unit instead of
          the default transient <filename>.service</filename> unit.
          </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--unit=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Use this unit name instead of an automatically
        generated one.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--property=</option></term>
        <term><option>-p</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Sets a unit property for the scope or service
        unit that is created. This takes an assignment in the same
        format as
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
        <command>set-property</command> command.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--description=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Provide a description for the service or scope
        unit. If not specified, the command itself will be used as a
        description. See <varname>Description=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--slice=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Make the new <filename>.service</filename> or
        <filename>.scope</filename> unit part of the specified slice,
        instead of the <filename>system.slice</filename>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--remain-after-exit</option></term>

        <listitem><para>After the service or scope process has
        terminated, keep the service around until it is explicitly
        stopped. This is useful to collect runtime information about
        the service after it finished running. Also see
        <varname>RemainAfterExit=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--send-sighup</option></term>

        <listitem><para>When terminating the scope or service unit,
        send a SIGHUP immediately after SIGTERM. This is useful to
        indicate to shells and shell-like processes that the
        connection has been severed. Also see
        <varname>SendSIGHUP=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--service-type=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Sets the service type. Also see
        <varname>Type=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
        option has no effect in conjunction with
        <option>--scope</option>. Defaults to
        <constant>simple</constant>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--uid=</option></term>
        <term><option>--gid=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Runs the service process under the UNIX user
        and group. Also see <varname>User=</varname> and
        <varname>Group=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--nice=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified
        nice level. Also see <varname>Nice=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--setenv=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Runs the service process with the specified
        environment variables set. Also see
        <varname>Environment=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--pty</option></term>
        <term><option>-t</option></term>

        <listitem><para>When invoking a command, the service connects
        its standard input and output to the invoking tty via a
        pseudo TTY device. This allows invoking binaries as services
        that expect interactive user input, such as interactive
        command shells.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--quiet</option></term>
        <term><option>-q</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Suppresses additional informational output
        while running. This is particularly useful in combination with
        <option>--pty</option> when it will suppress the initial
        message explaining how to terminate the TTY connection.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--on-active=</option></term>
        <term><option>--on-boot=</option></term>
        <term><option>--on-startup=</option></term>
        <term><option>--on-unit-active=</option></term>
        <term><option>--on-unit-inactive=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Defines monotonic timers relative to different
        starting points. Also see <varname>OnActiveSec=</varname>,
        <varname>OnBootSec=</varname>,
        <varname>OnStartupSec=</varname>,
        <varname>OnUnitActiveSec=</varname> and
        <varname>OnUnitInactiveSec=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
        options have no effect in conjunction with
        <option>--scope</option>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--on-calendar=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Defines realtime (i.e. wallclock) timers with
        calendar event expressions. Also see
        <varname>OnCalendar=</varname> in
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
        option has no effect in conjunction with
        <option>--scope</option>.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--timer-property=</option></term>

        <listitem><para>Sets a timer unit property for the timer unit
        that is created. It is similar with
        <option>--property</option> but only for created timer
        unit. This option only has effect in conjunction with
        <option>--on-active=</option>, <option>--on-boot=</option>,
        <option>--on-startup=</option>,
        <option>--on-unit-active=</option>,
        <option>--on-unit-inactive=</option>,
        <option>--on-calendar=</option>. This takes an assignment in
        the same format as
        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
        <command>set-property</command> command.</para> </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>--no-block</option></term>

        <listitem>
          <para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
          to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
          verified, enqueued and <command>systemd-run</command> will
          wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this
          argument, it is only verified and enqueued.</para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>

      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
      <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />

      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
      <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
    </variablelist>

    <para>All command line arguments after the first non-option
    argument become part of the command line of the launched
    process. If a command is run as service unit, its first argument
    needs to be an absolute binary path.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Exit status</title>

    <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
    code otherwise.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Examples</title>

    <para>The following command will log the environment variables
    provided by systemd to services:</para>

    <programlisting># systemd-run env
Running as unit: run-19945.service
# journalctl -u run-19945.service
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Starting /usr/bin/env...
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis systemd[1]: Started /usr/bin/env.
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Sep 08 07:37:21 bupkis env[19948]: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-3.11.0-0.rc5.git6.2.fc20.x86_64</programlisting>

    <para>The following command invokes the
    <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>updatedb</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    tool, but lowers the block I/O weight for it to 10. See
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    for more information on the <varname>BlockIOWeight=</varname>
    property.</para>

    <programlisting># systemd-run -p BlockIOWeight=10 updatedb</programlisting>

    <para>The following command will touch a file after 30 seconds.</para>

    <programlisting># date; systemd-run --on-active=30 --timer-property=AccuracySec=100ms /bin/touch /tmp/foo
Mon Dec  8 20:44:24 KST 2014
Running as unit: run-71.timer
Will run service as unit: run-71.service
# journalctl -b -u run-71.timer
-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
Dec 08 20:44:38 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.
# journalctl -b -u run-71.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2014-12-05 19:09:21 KST, end at Mon 2014-12-08 20:44:54 KST. --
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Starting /bin/touch /tmp/foo...
Dec 08 20:44:48 container systemd[1]: Started /bin/touch /tmp/foo.</programlisting>

    <para>The following command invokes <filename>/bin/bash</filename>
    as a service passing its standard input, output and error to
    the calling TTY.</para>

    <programlisting># systemd-run -t --send-sighup /bin/bash</programlisting>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>
    <para>
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.scope</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>