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<refentry id="systemd-system.conf">
        <refentryinfo>
                <title>systemd-system.conf</title>
                <productname>systemd</productname>

                <authorgroup>
                        <author>
                                <contrib>Developer</contrib>
                                <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
                                <surname>Poettering</surname>
                                <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
                        </author>
                </authorgroup>
        </refentryinfo>

        <refmeta>
                <refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle>
                <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
        </refmeta>

        <refnamediv>
                <refname>systemd-system.conf</refname>
                <refname>systemd-user.conf</refname>
                <refpurpose>System and session service manager configuration file</refpurpose>
        </refnamediv>

        <refsynopsisdiv>
                <para><filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename></para>
                <para><filename>/etc/systemd/user.conf</filename></para>
        </refsynopsisdiv>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Description</title>

                <para>When run as system instance systemd reads the
                configuration file <filename>system.conf</filename>,
                otherwise <filename>user.conf</filename>. These
                configuration files contain a few settings controlling
                basic manager operations.</para>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Options</title>

                <para>All options are configured in the
                <literal>[Manager]</literal> section:</para>

                <variablelist class='systemd-directives'>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>LogLevel=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LogTarget=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LogColor=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LogLocation=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DumpCore=yes</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>CrashShell=no</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>ShowStatus=yes</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>CrashChVT=1</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultStandardOutput=journal</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultStandardError=inherit</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configures various
                                parameters of basic manager
                                operation. These options may be
                                overridden by the respective command
                                line arguments. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details about these command line
                                arguments.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configures the initial
                                CPU affinity for the init
                                process. Takes a space-separated list
                                of CPU indices.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct net_cls,netprio</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configures controllers
                                that shall be mounted in a single
                                hierarchy. By default, systemd will
                                mount all controllers which are
                                enabled in the kernel in individual
                                hierarchies, with the exception of
                                those listed in this setting. Takes a
                                space-separated list of comma-separated
                                controller names, in order
                                to allow multiple joined
                                hierarchies. Defaults to
                                'cpu,cpuacct'. Pass an empty string to
                                ensure that systemd mounts all
                                controllers in separate
                                hierarchies.</para>

                                <para>Note that this option is only
                                applied once, at very early boot. If
                                you use an initial RAM disk (initrd)
                                that uses systemd, it might hence be
                                necessary to rebuild the initrd if
                                this option is changed, and make sure
                                the new configuration file is included
                                in it. Otherwise, the initrd might
                                mount the controller hierarchies in a
                                different configuration than intended,
                                and the main system cannot remount
                                them anymore.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configure the hardware
                                watchdog at runtime and at
                                reboot. Takes a timeout value in
                                seconds (or in other time units if
                                suffixed with <literal>ms</literal>,
                                <literal>min</literal>,
                                <literal>h</literal>,
                                <literal>d</literal>,
                                <literal>w</literal>). If
                                <varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname>
                                is set to a non-zero value, the
                                watchdog hardware
                                (<filename>/dev/watchdog</filename>)
                                will be programmed to automatically
                                reboot the system if it is not
                                contacted within the specified timeout
                                interval. The system manager will
                                ensure to contact it at least once in
                                half the specified timeout
                                interval. This feature requires a
                                hardware watchdog device to be
                                present, as it is commonly the case in
                                embedded and server systems. Not all
                                hardware watchdogs allow configuration
                                of the reboot timeout, in which case
                                the closest available timeout is
                                picked. <varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname>
                                may be used to configure the hardware
                                watchdog when the system is asked to
                                reboot. It works as a safety net to
                                ensure that the reboot takes place
                                even if a clean reboot attempt times
                                out. By default
                                <varname>RuntimeWatchdogSec=</varname>
                                defaults to 0 (off), and
                                <varname>ShutdownWatchdogSec=</varname>
                                to 10min. These settings have no
                                effect if a hardware watchdog is not
                                available.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Controls which
                                capabilities to include in the
                                capability bounding set for PID 1 and
                                its children. See
                                <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Takes a whitespace-separated
                                list of capability names as read by
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                                Capabilities listed will be included
                                in the bounding set, all others are
                                removed. If the list of capabilities
                                is prefixed with ~, all but the listed
                                capabilities will be included, the
                                effect of the assignment
                                inverted. Note that this option also
                                affects the respective capabilities in
                                the effective, permitted and
                                inheritable capability sets. The
                                capability bounding set may also be
                                individually configured for units
                                using the
                                <varname>CapabilityBoundingSet=</varname>
                                directive for units, but note that
                                capabilities dropped for PID 1 cannot
                                be regained in individual units, they
                                are lost for good.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SystemCallArchitectures=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes a
                                space-separated list of architecture
                                identifiers. Selects from which
                                architectures system calls may be
                                invoked on this system. This may be
                                used as an effective way to disable
                                invocation of non-native binaries
                                system-wide, for example to prohibit
                                execution of 32-bit x86 binaries on
                                64-bit x86-64 systems. This option
                                operates system-wide, and acts
                                similar to the
                                <varname>SystemCallArchitectures=</varname>
                                setting of unit files, see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. This setting defaults to
                                the empty list, in which case no
                                filtering of system calls based on
                                architecture is applied. Known
                                architecture identifiers are
                                <literal>x86</literal>,
                                <literal>x86-64</literal>,
                                <literal>x32</literal>,
                                <literal>arm</literal> and the special
                                identifier
                                <literal>native</literal>. The latter
                                implicitly maps to the native
                                architecture of the system (or more
                                specifically, the architecture the
                                system manager was compiled for). Set
                                this setting to
                                <literal>native</literal> to prohibit
                                execution of any non-native
                                binaries. When a binary executes a
                                system call of an architecture that is
                                not listed in this setting, it will be
                                immediately terminated with the SIGSYS
                                signal.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
                                in nanoseconds for PID 1, which is
                                inherited by all executed processes,
                                unless overridden individually, for
                                example with the
                                <varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname>
                                setting in service units (for details
                                see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>). The
                                timer slack controls the accuracy of
                                wake-ups triggered by system
                                timers. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for more information. Note that in
                                contrast to most other time span
                                definitions this parameter takes an
                                integer value in nano-seconds if no
                                unit is specified. The usual time
                                units are understood
                                too.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>StartTimeoutSec=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>StartTimeoutAction=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>StartTimeoutRebootArgument=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configures an over-all
                                system start-up timeout and controls
                                what to do when the timeout is
                                reached. <varname>StartTimeoutSec=</varname>
                                specifies the timeout, and defaults to
                                <literal>15min</literal>. <varname>StartTimeoutAction=</varname>
                                configures the action to take when the
                                system did not finish boot-up within
                                the specified time. It takes the same
                                values as the per-service
                                <varname>StartLimitAction=</varname>
                                setting, see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Defaults to
                                <option>reboot-force</option>. <varname>StartTimeoutRebootArgument=</varname>
                                configures an optional reboot string
                                to pass to the
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                system call.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultTimerAccuracySec=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the default
                                accuracy of timer units. This controls
                                the global default for the
                                <varname>AccuracySec=</varname>
                                setting of timer units, see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for
                                details. <varname>AccuracySec=</varname>
                                set in individual units override the
                                global default for the specific
                                unit. Defaults to 1min. Note that the
                                accuracy of timer units is also
                                affected by the configured timer slack
                                for PID 1, see
                                <varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname>
                                above.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultTimeoutStopSec=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultRestartSec=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configures the default
                                timeouts for starting and stopping of
                                units, as well as the default time to
                                sleep between automatic restarts of
                                units, as configured per-unit in
                                <varname>TimeoutStartSec=</varname>,
                                <varname>TimeoutStopSec=</varname> and
                                <varname>RestartSec=</varname> (for
                                services, see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details on the per-unit
                                settings). For non-service units,
                                <varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname>
                                sets the default
                                <varname>TimeoutSec=</varname> value.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultStartLimitInterval=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultStartLimitBurst=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configure the default
                                unit start rate limiting, as
                                configured per-service by
                                <varname>StartLimitInterval=</varname>
                                and
                                <varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details on the per-service
                                settings.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultEnvironment=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets manager
                                environment variables passed to all
                                executed processes. Takes a
                                space-separated list of variable
                                assignments. See
                                <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details about environment
                                variables.</para>

                                <para>Example:

                                <programlisting>DefaultEnvironment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"</programlisting>

                                Sets three variables
                                <literal>VAR1</literal>,
                                <literal>VAR2</literal>,
                                <literal>VAR3</literal>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultCPUAccounting=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultBlockIOAccounting=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultMemoryAccounting=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Configure the default
                                resource accounting settings, as
                                configured per-unit by
                                <varname>CPUAccounting=</varname>,
                                <varname>BlockIOAccounting=</varname>
                                and
                                <varname>MemoryAccounting=</varname>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details on the per-unit
                                settings.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitCPU=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitDATA=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitSTACK=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitCORE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitRSS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitAS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitNPROC=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitNICE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>DefaultLimitRTTIME=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>These settings control
                                various default resource limits for
                                units. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Use the string
                                <varname>infinity</varname> to
                                configure no limit on a specific
                                resource. These settings may be
                                overridden in individual units
                                using the corresponding LimitXXX=
                                directives. Note that these resource
                                limits are only defaults for units,
                                they are not applied to PID 1
                                itself.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                </variablelist>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                  <title>See Also</title>
                  <para>
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                  </para>
        </refsect1>

</refentry>