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<refentry id="systemd.exec">
        <refentryinfo>
                <title>systemd.exec</title>
                <productname>systemd</productname>

                <authorgroup>
                        <author>
                                <contrib>Developer</contrib>
                                <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
                                <surname>Poettering</surname>
                                <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
                        </author>
                </authorgroup>
        </refentryinfo>

        <refmeta>
                <refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle>
                <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
        </refmeta>

        <refnamediv>
                <refname>systemd.exec</refname>
                <refpurpose>systemd execution environment configuration</refpurpose>
        </refnamediv>

        <refsynopsisdiv>
                <para><filename>systemd.service</filename>,
                <filename>systemd.socket</filename>,
                <filename>systemd.mount</filename></para>
        </refsynopsisdiv>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Description</title>

                <para>Unit configuration files for services, sockets
                and mount points share a subset of configuration
                options which define the execution environment of
                spawned processes.</para>

                <para>This man page lists the configuration options
                shared by these three unit types. See
                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                for the common options of all unit configuration
                files, and
                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                and
                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                for more information on the specific unit
                configuration files. The execution specific
                configuration options are configured in the [Service],
                [Socket] resp. [Mount] section, depending on the unit
                type.</para>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Options</title>

                <variablelist>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>WorkingDirectory=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
                                directory path. Sets the working
                                directory for executed
                                processes.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>RootDirectory=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes an absolute
                                directory path. Sets the root
                                directory for executed processes, with
                                the
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                system call. If this is used it must
                                be ensured that the process and all
                                its auxiliary files are available in
                                the <function>chroot()</function>
                                jail.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the Unix user
                                resp. group the processes are executed
                                as. Takes a single user resp. group
                                name or ID as argument. If no group is
                                set the default group of the user is
                                chosen.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SupplementaryGroups=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the supplementary
                                Unix groups the processes are executed
                                as. This takes a space seperated list
                                of group names or IDs. This option may
                                be specified more than once in which
                                case all listed groups are set as
                                supplementary groups. This option does
                                not override but extend the list of
                                supplementary groups configured in the
                                system group database for the
                                user.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>Nice=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the default nice
                                level (scheduling priority) for
                                executed processes. Takes an integer
                                between -20 (highest priority) and 19
                                (lowest priority). See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>OOMAdjust=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the adjustment
                                level for the Out-Of-Memory killer for
                                executed processes. Takes an integer
                                between -17 (to disable OOM killing
                                for this process) and 15 (to make
                                killing of this process under memory
                                pressure very likely). See <ulink
                                url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt">proc.txt</ulink>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>IOSchedulingClass=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
                                class for executed processes. Takes an
                                integer between 0 and 3 or one of the
                                strings <option>none</option>,
                                <option>realtime</option>,
                                <option>best-effort</option> or
                                <option>idle</option>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>IOSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the IO scheduling
                                priority for executed processes. Takes
                                an integer between 0 (highest
                                priority) and 7 (lowest priority). The
                                available priorities depend on the
                                selected IO scheduling class (see
                                above). See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ioprio_set</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPolicy=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the CPU
                                scheduling policy for executed
                                processes. Takes one of
                                <option>other</option>,
                                <option>batch</option>,
                                <option>idle</option>,
                                <option>fifo</option> or
                                <option>rr</option>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CPUSchedulingPriority=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets the CPU
                                scheduling priority for executed
                                processes. Takes an integer between 1
                                (lowest priority) and 99 (highest
                                priority). The available priority
                                range depends on the selected CPU
                                scheduling policy (see above). See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CPUSchedulingResetOnFork=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
                                argument. If true elevated CPU
                                scheduling priorities and policies
                                will be reset when the executed
                                processes fork, and can hence not leak
                                into child processes. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setscheduler</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CPUAffinity=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Controls the CPU
                                affinity of the executed
                                processes. Takes a space-seperated
                                list of CPU indexes. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sched_setaffinity</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>UMask=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Controls the file mode
                                creation mask. Takes an access mode in
                                octal notation. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Defaults to
                                0002.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets environment
                                variables for executed
                                processes. Takes a space-seperated
                                list of variable assignments. This
                                option may be specified more than once
                                in which case all listed variables
                                will be set. If the same variable is
                                set twice the later setting will
                                override the earlier setting. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>environ</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>EnvironmentFile=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Similar to
                                <varname>Environment=</varname> but
                                reads the environment variables from a
                                text file. The text file should
                                contain new-line seperated variable
                                assignments. Empty lines and lines
                                starting with ; or # will be ignored,
                                which may be used for
                                commenting.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>StandardInput=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Controls where file
                                descriptor 0 (STDIN) of the executed
                                processes is connected to. Takes one
                                of <option>null</option>,
                                <option>tty</option>,
                                <option>tty-force</option>,
                                <option>tty-fail</option> or
                                <option>socket</option>. If
                                <option>null</option> is selected
                                standard input will be connected to
                                <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
                                i.e. all read attempts by the process
                                will result in immediate EOF. If
                                <option>tty</option> is selected
                                standard input is connected to a TTY
                                (as configured by
                                <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
                                below) and the executed process
                                becomes the controlling process of the
                                terminal. If the terminal is already
                                being controlled by another process it
                                is waited until that process releases
                                the
                                terminal. <option>tty-force</option>
                                is similar to <option>tty</option>,
                                but the executed process is forcefully
                                and immediately made the controlling
                                process of the terminal, potentially
                                removing previous controlling
                                processes from the
                                terminal. <option>tty-fail</option> is
                                similar to <option>tty</option> but if
                                the terminal already has a controlling
                                process start-up of the executed
                                process fails.  The
                                <option>socket</option> option is only
                                valid in socket-activated services,
                                and only when the socket configuration
                                file (see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details) specifies a single socket
                                only. If this option is set standard
                                input will be connected to the socket
                                the service was activated from, which
                                is primarily useful for compatibility
                                with daemons designed for use with the
                                traditional
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inetd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                daemon. This setting defaults to
                                <option>null</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>StandardOutput=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Controls where file
                                descriptor 1 (STDOUT) of the executed
                                processes is connected to. Takes one
                                of <option>inherit</option>,
                                <option>null</option>,
                                <option>tty</option>,
                                <option>syslog</option>,
                                <option>kmsg</option> or
                                <option>socket</option>. If set to
                                <option>inherit</option> the file
                                descriptor of standard input is
                                duplicated for standard output. If set
                                to <option>null</option> standard
                                output will be connected to
                                <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
                                i.e. everything written to it will be
                                lost. If set to <option>tty</option>
                                standard output will be connected to a
                                tty (as configured via
                                <varname>TTYPath=</varname>, see
                                below). If the TTY is used for output
                                only the executed process will not
                                become the controlling process of the
                                terminal, and will not fail or wait
                                for other processes to release the
                                terminal. <option>syslog</option>
                                connects standard output to the
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                system logger. <option>kmsg</option>
                                connects it with the kernel log buffer
                                which is accessible via
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dmesg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. <option>socket</option>
                                connects standard output to a socket
                                from socket activation, semantics are
                                similar to the respective option of
                                <varname>StandardInput=</varname>.
                                This setting defaults to
                                <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>StandardError=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Controls where file
                                descriptor 2 (STDERR) of the executed
                                processes is connected to. The
                                available options are identical to
                                those of
                                <varname>StandardOutput=</varname>,
                                whith one exception: if set to
                                <option>inherit</option> the file
                                descriptor used for standard output is
                                duplicated for standard error. This
                                setting defaults to
                                <option>inherit</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>TTYPath=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Sets the terminal
                                device node to use if standard input,
                                output or stderr are connected to a
                                TTY (see above). Defaults to
                                <filename>/dev/console</filename>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SyslogIdentifer=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Sets the process name
                                to prefix log lines sent to syslog or
                                the kernel log buffer with. If not set
                                defaults to the process name of the
                                executed process. This option is only
                                useful when
                                <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
                                <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
                                set to <option>syslog</option> or
                                <option>kmsg</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SyslogFacility=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Sets the syslog
                                facility to use when logging to
                                syslog. One of <option>kern</option>,
                                <option>user</option>,
                                <option>mail</option>,
                                <option>daemon</option>,
                                <option>auth</option>,
                                <option>syslog</option>,
                                <option>lpr</option>,
                                <option>news</option>,
                                <option>uucp</option>,
                                <option>cron</option>,
                                <option>authpriv</option>,
                                <option>ftp</option>,
                                <option>local0</option>,
                                <option>local1</option>,
                                <option>local2</option>,
                                <option>local3</option>,
                                <option>local4</option>,
                                <option>local5</option>,
                                <option>local6</option> or
                                <option>local7</option>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. This option is only
                                useful when
                                <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
                                <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
                                set to <option>syslog</option>.
                                Defaults to
                                <option>daemon</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>
                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SyslogLevel=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Default syslog level
                                to use when logging to syslog or the
                                kernel log buffer. One of
                                <option>emerg</option>,
                                <option>alert</option>,
                                <option>crit</option>,
                                <option>err</option>,
                                <option>warning</option>,
                                <option>notice</option>,
                                <option>info</option>,
                                <option>debug</option>. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. This option is only
                                useful when
                                <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
                                <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
                                set to <option>syslog</option> or
                                <option>kmsg</option>. Note that
                                individual lines output by the daemon
                                might be prefixed with a different log
                                level which can be used to override
                                the default log level specified
                                here. The interpretation of these
                                prefixes may be disabled with
                                <varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname>,
                                see below. For details see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

                                Defaults to
                                <option>info</option>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SyslogLevelPrefix=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
                                argument. If true and
                                <varname>StandardOutput=</varname> or
                                <varname>StandardError=</varname> are
                                set to <option>syslog</option> or
                                <option>kmsg</option> log lines
                                written by the executed process that
                                are prefixed with a log level will be
                                passed on to syslog with this log
                                level set but the prefix removed. If
                                set to false, the interpretation of
                                these prefixes is disabled and the
                                logged lines are passed on as-is. For
                                details about this prefixing see
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                                Defaults to true.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>TimerSlackNSec=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Sets the timer slack
                                in nanoseconds for the executed
                                processes The timer slack controls the
                                accuracy of wake-ups triggered by
                                timers. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>prctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for more information. Note that in
                                contrast to most other time span
                                definitions this value is takes a
                                nano-seconds integer and does not
                                understand any other
                                units.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>LimitCPU=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitFSIZE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitDATA=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitSTACK=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitCORE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitRSS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitNOFILE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitAS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitNPROC=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitMEMLOCK=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitLOCKS=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitSIGPENDING=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitMSGQUEUE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitNICE=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitRTPRIO=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>LimitRTTIME=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>These settings control
                                various resource limits for executed
                                processes. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>PAMName=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Sets the PAM service
                                name to set up a session as. If set
                                the executed process will be
                                registered as a PAM session under the
                                specified service name. This is only
                                useful in conjunction with the
                                <varname>User=</varname> setting. If
                                not set no PAM session will be opened
                                for the executed processes. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>TCPWrapName=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>If this is a
                                socket-activated service this sets the
                                tcpwrap service name to check the
                                permission for the current connection
                                with. This is only useful in
                                conjunction with socket-activated
                                services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
                                particular. It has no effect on other
                                socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and on processes
                                unrelated to socket-based
                                activation. If the tcpwrap
                                verification fails daemon start-up
                                will fail and the connection is
                                terminated. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcpd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>Capabilities=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Controls the
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                set for the executed process. Take a
                                capability string as described in
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_text</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                                Note that this capability set is
                                usually influenced by the capabilities
                                attached to the executed
                                file.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>SecureBits=</varname></term>
                                <listitem><para>Controls the secure
                                bits set for the executed process. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Takes a list of strings:
                                <option>keep-caps</option>,
                                <option>keep-caps-locked</option>,
                                <option>no-setuid-fixup</option>,
                                <option>no-setuid-fixup-locked</option>,
                                <option>no-setuid-noroot</option> and/or
                                <option>no-setuid-noroot-locked</option>.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>CapabilityBoundingSetDrop=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Controls the
                                capability bounding set drop set for
                                the executed process. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Takes a list of
                                capability names as read by
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cap_from_name</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                                </para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>ControlGroup=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Controls the control
                                groups the executed processes shall be
                                made members of. Takes a
                                space-seperated list of cgroup
                                identifiers. A cgroup identifier has a
                                format like
                                <filename>cpu:/foo/bar</filename>,
                                where "cpu" identifies the kernel
                                control group controller used, and
                                <filename>/foo/bar</filename> is the
                                control group path. The controller name
                                and ":" may be omitted in which case
                                the named systemd control group
                                hierarchy is implied. Alternatively,
                                the path and ":" may be omitted, in
                                which case the default control group
                                path for this unit is implied. This
                                option may be used to place executed
                                processes in arbitrary groups in
                                arbitrary hierachies -- which can be
                                configured externally with additional execution limits. By default
                                systemd will place all executed
                                processes in seperate per-unit control
                                groups (named after the unit) in the
                                systemd named hierarchy. Since every
                                process can be in one group per
                                hierarchy only overriding the control group
                                path in the named systemd hierarchy
                                will disable automatic placement in
                                the default group. For details about control
                                groups see <ulink
                                url="http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/cgroups.txt">cgroups.txt</ulink>.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname></term>
                                <term><varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Sets up a new
                                file-system name space for executed
                                processes. These options may be used
                                to limit access a process might have
                                to the main file-system
                                hierarchy. Each setting takes a
                                space-seperated list of absolute
                                directory paths. Directories listed in
                                <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>
                                are accessible from within the
                                namespace with the same access rights
                                as from outside. Directories listed in
                                <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
                                are accessible for reading only,
                                writing will be refused even if the
                                usual file access controls would
                                permit this. Directories listed in
                                <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
                                will be made inaccesible for processes
                                inside the namespace. Note that
                                restricting access with these options
                                does not extend to submounts of a
                                directory. You must list submounts
                                seperately in these setttings to
                                ensure the same limited access. These
                                options may be specified more than
                                once in which case all directories
                                listed will have limited access from
                                within the
                                namespace.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>PrivateTmp=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes a boolean
                                argument. If true sets up a new
                                namespace for the executed processes
                                and mounts a private
                                <filename>/tmp</filename> directory
                                inside it, that is not shared by
                                processes outside of the
                                namespace. This is useful to secure
                                access to temporary files of the
                                process, but makes sharing between
                                processes via
                                <filename>/tmp</filename>
                                impossible. Defaults to false.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                        <varlistentry>
                                <term><varname>MountFlags=</varname></term>

                                <listitem><para>Takes a mount
                                propagation flag:
                                <option>shared</option>,
                                <option>slave</option> or
                                <option>private</option>, which
                                control whether namespaces set up with
                                <varname>ReadWriteDirectories=</varname>,
                                <varname>ReadOnlyDirectories=</varname>
                                and
                                <varname>InaccessibleDirectories=</varname>
                                receive or propagate new mounts
                                from/to the main namespace. See
                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                for details. Defaults to
                                <option>shared</option>, i.e. the new
                                namespace will both receive new mount
                                points from the main namespace as well
                                as propagate new mounts to
                                it.</para></listitem>
                        </varlistentry>

                </variablelist>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                  <title>See Also</title>
                  <para>
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                  </para>
        </refsect1>

</refentry>