path: root/man/systemd.netdev.xml

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<refentry id="systemd.netdev" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>

        <refentryinfo>
                <title>systemd.network</title>
                <productname>systemd</productname>

                <authorgroup>
                        <author>
                                <contrib>Developer</contrib>
                                <firstname>Tom</firstname>
                                <surname>Gundersen</surname>
                                <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
                        </author>
                </authorgroup>
        </refentryinfo>

        <refmeta>
                <refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle>
                <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
        </refmeta>

        <refnamediv>
                <refname>systemd.netdev</refname>
                <refpurpose>Virtual Network Device configuration</refpurpose>
        </refnamediv>

        <refsynopsisdiv>
                <para><filename><replaceable>netdev</replaceable>.netdev</filename></para>
        </refsynopsisdiv>

        <refsect1>
                <title>Description</title>

                <para>Network setup is performed by
                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                </para>

                <para>Virtual Network Device files must have the extension
                <filename>.netdev</filename>; other extensions are ignored. Virtual
                network devices are created as soon as networkd is started.</para>

                <para>The <filename>.netdev</filename> files are read from the files located in the
                system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
                the volatile runtime network directory
                <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
                network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
                All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
                regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
                identical filenames replace each other. Files in
                <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
                <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
                name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
                system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
                <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
                <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
                disables the configuration file entirely.</para>

        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>[Match] Section Options</title>

                <para>A virtual network device is only created if the
                <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches the current
                environment, or if the section is empty. The following keys are accepted:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
                                                host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
                                                environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
                                                implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
                                                set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
                                                <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
                                                architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                                                for details.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>[NetDev] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[NetDev]</literal> section accepts the following
                        keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A free-form description of the netdev.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The interface name used when creating the
                                                netdev. This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Kind=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The netdev kind. Currently, <literal>bridge</literal>,
                                                <literal>bond</literal>, <literal>vlan</literal>,
                                                <literal>macvlan</literal>, <literal>vxlan</literal>,
                                                <literal>ipip</literal>, <literal>gre</literal>,
                                                <literal>sit</literal>, <literal>vti</literal>,
                                                <literal>veth</literal>, and <literal>dummy</literal>
                                                are supported. This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MTUBytes=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The maximum transmission unit in bytes to
                                                set for the device. The usual suffixes K, M, G,
                                                are supported and are understood to the base of
                                                1024.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The MAC address to use for the device.
                                                If none is given, one is generated based on
                                                the interface name and the
                                                <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>
        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>[VLAN] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[VLAN]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind <literal>vlan</literal>,
                        and accepts the following key:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The VLAN ID to use. An integer in the range 0–4094.
                                                This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>[MACVLAN] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[MACVLAN]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind
                        <literal>macvlan</literal>, and accepts the following key:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Mode=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The MACVLAN mode to use. The supported options are
                                                <literal>private</literal>, <literal>vepa</literal>,
                                                <literal>bridge</literal> and <literal>passthru</literal>.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>

        </refsect1>
        <refsect1>
                <title>[VXLAN] Section Options</title>
                        <para>The <literal>[VXLAN]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind
                        <literal>vxlan</literal>, and accepts the following key:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Id=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The VXLAN ID to use.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>An assigned multicast group IP address.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>TOS=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a vxlan interface.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>TTL=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A fixed Time To Live N on Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network packets.
                                                N is a number in the range 1-255. 0 is a special value meaning that packets
                                                inherit the TTL value.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MacLearning=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A boolean. When true, enables dynamic MAC learning
                                                to discover remote MAC addresses.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>
        </refsect1>
        <refsect1>
                <title>[Tunnel] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[Tunnel]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind
                        <literal>ipip</literal>, <literal>sit</literal>, <literal>gre</literal> and
                        <literal>vti</literal> and accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Local=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A static local address for tunneled packets.
                                                It must be an address on another interface of this host.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Remote=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The remote endpoint of the tunnel.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>TOS=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The Type Of Service byte value for a tunnel interface.
                                                For details about the TOS see the
                                                <ulink url="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1349">
                                                Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite
                                                </ulink> document.
                                                </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>TTL=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A fixed Time To Live N on tunneled packets.
                                                N is a number in the range 1-255. 0 is a special value meaning that packets
                                                inherit the TTL value. The default value for IPv4 tunnels is: inherit.
                                                The default value for IPv6 tunnels is: 64.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>DiscoverPathMTU=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>A boolean. When true, enables Path MTU Discovery on the tunnel.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>
        </refsect1>
        <refsect1>
                <title>[Peer] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[Peer]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind <literal>veth</literal>
                        and accepts the following key:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The interface name used when creating the netdev.
                                                This option is compulsory.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem>
                                                <para>The peer MACAddress, if not set it is generated in the same
                                                way as the MAC address of the main interface.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                        </variablelist>
        </refsect1>
        <refsect1>
                <title>[TUN] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[TUN]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind
                        <literal>tun</literal>, and accepts the following keys:</para>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>OneQueue=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
                                        to enable disable one queue . it determines whether all packets
                                        queue at the device (enabled), or a fixed number queue at the device and
                                        the rest at the "qdisc". Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MultiQueue=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether the
                                        to disable or disable . Linux supports multiqueue tuntap which can
                                        uses multiple file descriptors (queues) to parallelize
                                        packets sending or receiving. The device allocation is the same as before,
                                        and if user wants to create multiple queues. Defaults to
                                        <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>PacketInfo=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether the
                                        to enable or disable . PacketInfo tells the kernel to not provide packet
                                        information. The purpose of PacketInfo is to tell the kernel that packets
                                        will be "pure" IP packets, with no added bytes. Otherwise (if PacketInfo is unset),
                                        4 extra bytes are added to the beginning of the packet (2 flag bytes and 2 protocol bytes).
                                        Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>User to be allowed to access this device. Give ownership to unprivileged users,
                                        so that /dev/net/tun device to be usable by this user.
                                      </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Group to be allowed to access this device. Give ownership to unprivileged group,
                                        so that /dev/net/tun device to be usable by this group.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>

                        </variablelist>

        </refsect1>

        <refsect1>
                <title>[TAP] Section Options</title>

                        <para>The <literal>[TAP]</literal> section only applies for netdevs of kind
                        <literal>tap</literal>, and accepts the following keys:</para>
        </refsect1>

                        <variablelist class='network-directives'>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>OneQueue=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
                                        to enable disable one queue . it determines whether all packets
                                        queue at the device (enabled), or a fixed number queue at the device and
                                        the rest at the "qdisc". Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>MultiQueue=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether the
                                        to disable or disable . From version 3.8, Linux supports multiqueue
                                        tuntap which can uses multiple file descriptors (queues) to parallelize
                                        packets sending or receiving. The device allocation is the same as before,
                                        and if user wants to create multiple queues. Defaults to
                                        <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>PacketInfo=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether the
                                        to enable or disable . PacketInfo tells the kernel to not provide packet
                                        information. The purpose of PacketInfo is to tell the kernel that packets
                                        will be "pure" IP packets, with no added bytes. Otherwise (if PacketInfo is unset),
                                        4 extra bytes are added to the beginning of the packet (2 flag bytes and 2 protocol bytes).
                                        Defaults to <literal>no</literal>.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>User=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>User to be allowed to access this device. Give ownership to unprivileged users,
                                        so that /dev/net/tun device to be usable by this user.
                                      </para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>
                                <varlistentry>
                                        <term><varname>Group=</varname></term>
                                        <listitem><para>Group to be allowed to access this device. Give ownership to unprivileged group,
                                        so that /dev/net/tun device to be usable by this group.</para>
                                        </listitem>
                                </varlistentry>

                        </variablelist>


        <refsect1>
                <title>Example</title>
                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge.netdev</title>

                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=bridge0
Kind=bridge</programlisting>
                </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/vlan1.netdev</title>

                        <programlisting>[Match]
Virtualization=no

[NetDev]
Name=vlan1
Kind=vlan

[VLAN]
Id=1</programlisting>
                </example>
                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.netdev</title>
                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=ipip-tun
Kind=ipip
MTUBytes=1480

[Tunnel]
Local=192.168.223.238
Remote=192.169.224.239
TTL=64</programlisting>
                </example>
                <example>
                  <title>/etc/systemd/network/tap.netdev</title>
                  <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=tap-test
Kind=tap

[Tap]
MultiQueue=true
PacketInfo=true</programlisting> </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.netdev</title>
                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=sit-tun
Kind=sit
MTUBytes=1480

[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
                </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.netdev</title>
                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=gre-tun
Kind=gre
MTUBytes=1480

[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
                </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.netdev</title>

                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=vti-tun
Kind=vti
MTUBytes=1480

[Tunnel]
Local=10.65.223.238
Remote=10.65.223.239</programlisting>
                </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/veth.netdev</title>
                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=veth-test
Kind=veth

[Peer]
Name=veth-peer</programlisting>
                </example>

                <example>
                        <title>/etc/systemd/network/dummy.netdev</title>
                        <programlisting>[NetDev]
Name=dummy-test
Kind=dummy
MACAddress=12:34:56:78:9a:bc</programlisting>
                </example>

        </refsect1>
        <refsect1>
                <title>See Also</title>
                <para>
                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
                </para>
        </refsect1>

</refentry>